æ å ±åŠçåŠäŒç ç©¶å ±åäŒ
IPSJ SIG Technical Report
â2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 1
ãŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«åºã¥ããèªä¿®çšè³æäœæã«ããã
ãã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³
é·åå¥æŽâ ç«è±åµ©å€§â äœè€æ ¶äžâ äžå³¶èª â
æŠèŠïŒåŠçãèœåçã«åŠä¿®ãè¡ãã¢ã¯ãã£ãã©ãŒãã³ã°ã®ä¿é²ã«åããŠïŒãŠã§ãäžã«ããè±å¯ãªã³ã³ãã³ãã
ãïŒå¿ èŠãªæ å ±ãæœåºã»çµç¹åïŒãŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ïŒããããšã§ïŒæå¡ã ãã§ãªãåŠä¿®è èªèº«ã«ããèªä¿®çš
è³æäœæãæ¯æŽããç°å¢ã®æ§ç¯ãç®æããŠããïŒãããŸã§ã«ïŒãŠã§ãããŒãžã®æ§é ã«ãšããããã«ä»»æã®éšå
é åã®ã¿ãç»é²ã»åç §å¯èœã«ããããã¯ããŒã¯ïŒããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ïŒãšãã®éšåé åãçµç¹åããŠèªç¿
çšè³æãšããŠãŸãšããããšãã§ããæ¡åŒµãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ãæ§ç¯ããïŒæ¬çš¿ã§ã¯ïŒè¢«éšè å®éšã§äœæãããèªä¿®
çšè³æãããšã«ãã Visual Grounded Theory åæã«ãããã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³ã®åæãšïŒèªä¿®çšè³æäœææ¯æŽç°
å¢ã®æå¹æ§ã«ã€ããŠèå¯ãè¡ãïŒ
ããŒã¯ãŒãïŒãŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ïŒããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ïŒèªä¿®çšè³æïŒæ¡åŒµãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶
Design Patterns of Web Curation in Creating
Learning Materials by Learners
TAKEHIRO NAGATOMOâ TAKAHIRO TACHIBANAâ
KEIZO SATOâ MAKOTO NAKASHIMAâ
Abstract: Web curation is one of the easiest ways for learners to interact with the knowledge on the world. To support them, we
have developed the enhanced web browser as an authoring tool for their own learning materials. This browser enables a new kind
of bookmarking, named partial bookmarking, to collect any portion of a web page and allows the learner to organize these portions
without the need to duplicate their contents. In an experiment with 15 university students, we derived the five patterns of web
curation and the effectiveness of partial bookmarking in collecting the knowledge on the Web.
Keywords: Web Curation, Partial Bookmarking, Learning materials, Enhanced Web Browser
1. ã¯ããã«
è¿å¹ŽïŒæè²æ©é¢ã«ãããŠåŠç¿è èªèº«ãèœåçã«åŠç¿ãã
ã¢ã¯ãã£ãã©ãŒãã³ã°ãéèŠèŠãããŠããŠããïŒã¢ã¯ãã£
ãã©ãŒãã³ã°ã§ã¯ïŒåŠç¿è ã«åŠä¿®ã®æ¹åãæã瀺ãããã«
æå¡ãçšæããèªä¿®çšè³æãéèŠãªåœ¹ç®ãæ ãïŒãã®äžæ¹
ã§ïŒåŠä¿®è èªèº«ãäºç¿ã埩ç¿ãéããŠïŒèªãåŠä¿®è³æãäœ
æããããšã¯ïŒãã®ç解ãå©ããã ãã§ãªãïŒæ°ããªçºèŠ
ãåŸããããªã©ã®åŠä¿®å¹æã®åäžãæåŸ ã§ããïŒåŠç¿è èª
身ãåŠä¿®å¯Ÿè±¡ã«é¢ããç¥èãåŸãããšãããšïŒæç§æžïŒå
èæžãéèŠãªæ å ±æºãšãªããïŒçŸåšã®æ å ±å瀟äŒã«ãããŠ
ã¯ïŒãŠã§ãäžã®æ å ±ãïŒéã®èšå€§ããæŽæ°ã®éããªã©ã®ç¹
ã«ãããŠïŒæ å ±æºãšããŠæå¹ãªæ§è³ªãæããïŒãããããŸ
ãåæšéžæããŠçµç¹åã§ããã°ïŒæå¹ãªèªä¿®çšè³æãšãªã
åŸãïŒ
ãŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ïŒäžèšã®ãããªïŒãŠã§ãããŒãž
ã®ã³ã³ãã³ãããå¿ èŠãªæ å ±ãæœåºãïŒãããåŸã®å©çšã
容æãªããã«çµç¹åãïŒããã«ã¯ä»è ãšã®å ±æã®ããã«é
ä¿¡ããè¡çºã§ãã[8]ïŒçŸåšå©çšãããŠããå€ãã® SNS[10,
â 倧å倧åŠ
Oita University
12]ã§ã¯ïŒå€ãã®ãŠãŒã¶ãèå³ãšãã芳ç¹ã§ãŠã§ãããŒãžã®
éšåãéããŠïŒä»è ã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãå¯èœãªããã«åé 眮ã§ã
ãïŒããããªããïŒæ¢åã® SNS ã¯æœåºããã³ã³ãã³ãã®é
眮æ¹æ³ãåºå®ãããŠããããïŒãããã«é¢ä¿æ§ããããã
èªç±ãªé 眮ãã§ããªãïŒãŸãïŒIdeaMâché[6]ã®ãããªãŠã§ã
ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ããã®ä»çµã¿ãããïŒããããªããïŒ
IdeaMâché ã§ã¯ïŒãŠã§ãããŒãžããã³ã³ãã³ããæœåºãã
å ŽåïŒHTMLã®æ§é ã«åŸã£ããªããžã§ã¯ãåäœã®æœåºãã
è¡ããªãããïŒã³ã³ãã³ãã®éžæã«ãããèªç±åºŠãå¶éã
ããŠããŸãïŒãããã®ä»çµã¿ã®å©çšã§ã¯ïŒèªä¿®çšè³æäœæ
ã«ãããŠçã«ã©ã®ãããªãã¶ã€ã³ãæ±ããããŠãããã¯ã
ãããªãïŒ
æ¬è«æã§ã¯ïŒæ¢åã®ãŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ä»çµã¿ã®å
é¡ã解決ã§ããæ¡åŒµãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶[9]ãçšããèªä¿®çšè³
æã®äœææ¯æŽç°å¢ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãïŒããã«ïŒè¢«éšè å®éšã
éããŠïŒèªä¿®çšè³æã®ãã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³ã®åæãšãšãã«è³
æäœææ¯æŽç°å¢ã®æå¹æ§ãæããã«ããïŒæ¡åŒµãŠã§ããã©
ãŠã¶ã¯ïŒãŠã§ãããŒãžã®ä»»æã®éšåé åãïŒãŠã§ãããŒãž
ã®æ§é ã«ãšããããããšãªãããã¯ããŒã¯ã§ããããŒã·ã£
æ å ±åŠçåŠäŒç ç©¶å ±åäŒ
IPSJ SIG Technical Report
â2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 2
ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®æ©èœãæãïŒããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ã
åç §ããéšåé åããã®ãŸãŸé 眮ãã空éçãã€ããŒãã
ã¹ããšããŠçµç¹åããããšãã§ãããŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ã§ããïŒ
ãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶äžã«è¡šç€ºãããã³ã³ãã³ãã§ããã°ïŒç»åïŒ
åç»ïŒããã¹ãçã® HTML èŠçŽ ã®äžéšåã§ãïŒè€æ°ã®èŠçŽ
ã®éšåå士ãçµåããé åã§ãããã¯ããŒã¯ã§ãïŒãã®éš
åã®ã¿ãã³ã³ãã³ããè€è£œããã«åç §å¯èœãšãªã£ãŠããïŒ
å®éšã§ã¯ïŒæ§ç¯ããèªä¿®çšè³æäœææ¯æŽç°å¢ãçšã㊠15
人ã®å€§åŠçã«åŠç§ã®ææ¥ã®ããã®èªä¿®çšè³æãäœæããŠã
ãã£ãïŒäœæãããèªä¿®çšè³æãåºã«ïŒVisual Grounded
Theory åæ[2,3,7]ãè¡ã£ãçµæïŒåŸæ¥ç 究ã§ææããããŠ
ã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ããããã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³[8]ã®å€ã
ãšãšãã«ïŒè€æ°ã®æ°ããªãã¿ãŒã³ãèŠã€ãã£ãïŒäžã€ã¯ïŒ
æœåºããéšåé åãé 眮ããéã«ïŒéšåé åéã®ç©ºçœããª
ãããâè©°ããâé 眮ãšïŒäžã€ã®ãŠã§ãããŒãžã®èŠçŽ ã®äž
éšãäžã€ãããã¯è€æ°åãããŠå©çšãããã®ã§ããïŒåè
ã¯ïŒé¢é£ã®é«ãæ å ±ãã§ããã ãè¿ãã«é 眮ããããšãã
å¿çãšïŒé 眮ããæ å ±ã¯åŸããã§ãèªç±ã«åãããããšã
çç±ãšèããããïŒåŸè ã¯ïŒåŠç¿è ããšã«å¿ èŠãšããæ å ±
éãç°ãªãããïŒãŠã§ãããŒãžã®èŠçŽ åäœã§ã®æœåºã§ã¯äž
ååã§ããããšãããã£ãïŒããã¯ïŒãŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§
ã³ã«ãããããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããã¯ã®æå¹æ§ã瀺ããŠããïŒ
以äžïŒ2 ç« ã§ã¯æ¢åã®ãŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ä»çµã¿ã®
æŠèŠãšåé¡ç¹ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ïŒ3 ç« ã§ã¯ïŒããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯
ããŒã¯ãšæ¡åŒµãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ã§å®çŸãããŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·
ã§ã³ã®ä»çµã¿ã䜿ã£ãèªä¿®è³æäœææ¯æŽã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãïŒ
4 ç« ã§ã¯ïŒæ¡åŒµãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ã«ãã被éšè å®éšã®æŠèŠã
è¿°ã¹ïŒ5 ç« ã§ã¯ïŒå®éšã§äœæãããè³æã®åæçµæãšåé¡
ããããã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³ïŒãã®ç¹åŸŽããã³ïŒèªä¿®çšè³æã®
äœææ¯æŽã®æå¹æ§ã«ã€ããŠèå¯ããïŒæåŸã«ä»åŸã®å±æã«
ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãïŒ
2. é¢é£ç 究
ãããŸã§ã«ïŒãŠã§ãã³ã³ãã³ãã®æœåºããã®çµç¹åãè¡
ãããšãç®çãšããæ§ã ãªãµãŒãã¹ãã·ã¹ãã ãææ¡ãã
ãŠããïŒæ¬ç« ã§ã¯ïŒããããæŠèŠ³ãïŒåé¡ç¹ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹
ãïŒ
Pinterest[10]ïŒTumblr[12]ïŒTwitter[13]ã Facebook[5]ãªã©ã®
SNSã¯äžè¬çãªãŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ãµãŒãã¹ãšããŠç¥
ãããŠããïŒãããã¯ã³ã³ãã³ããé 眮ãã圢æ ãšããŠïŒ
ç·åœ¢ç¶ãããã¯ããŒãç¶ã«ãªããããªãã¶ã€ã³ãçšããã
ãïŒå ããŠïŒã³ã³ãã³ãã®é 眮æ¹æ³ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¢ã«ãŽãª
ãºã ã«åŸã£ãæç³»åãããã¯äººæ°ã®ã³ã³ãã³ãé ã§äžŠã¶ã
ãã«ãªã£ãŠããïŒãã®ããïŒãŠãŒã¶ãã³ã³ãã³ãéã®é¢ä¿
æ§ãè¡šçŸãããããªãã¶ã€ã³ãè¡ãããšãã§ããªãããïŒ
èªä¿®çšè³æã®ããã«æ§ã ãªã³ã³ãã³ããçµã¿åãããŠïŒæ
å³ãæããããªãã¶ã€ã³ãè¡ãããšã¯å°é£ã§ããïŒ
IdeaMâché ã¯ïŒãã®åé¡ã解決ããããã«éçºããïŒè€
æ°ã®ã³ã³ãã³ããçµã¿åãããŠïŒããŒãã«ãŸãšãããããª
èªç±ãªåœ¢æ ã§ã®é 眮ãå¯èœã§ããïŒããããªããïŒ
IdeaMâché ã¯ã³ã³ãã³ãã HTML ãªã©ã®æ§é åææžã®åœ¢åŒ
ã«åŸã£ããªããžã§ã¯ãåäœã§ã®æœåºããã§ããªãïŒãã®ã
ãïŒãŠãŒã¶ã HTML ã®è€æ°ã®èŠçŽ ã«ãŸããã£ãã³ã³ãã³ã
ãæœåºããå ŽåïŒ1 〠1 ã€ã®èŠçŽ ããã³ã³ãã³ããæœåºã
ãªããšãããªãïŒEvernote Web Clipper[4]ã¯ïŒèªç±ã«ãŠã§ã
ã³ã³ãã³ãã®æœåºãè¡ãããã«éçºããããŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶
ã®æ¡åŒµæ©èœã§ããïŒHTML ã®æ§é ããè€æ°ã®ã³ã³ãã³ãã
æœåºããããšãã§ããïŒããããªããïŒè€æ°ã®èŠçŽ ã«ãŸã
ãã£ãã³ã³ãã³ããæœåºããå ŽåïŒã³ã³ãã³ããç°ãªãé
åãšã㊠HTML ã®èŠçŽ ã«èšè¿°ãããŠãããšãŠãŒã¶ãå¿ èŠ
ãšããé åã«æ²¿ã£ãæœåºãã§ããªãåé¡ãæ±ããŠããïŒã
ã®ããïŒè€æ°ã®ã³ã³ãã³ããæœåºããããã«ïŒãŠã§ãããŒ
ãžå ã®åºãé åãéžæãããããªç¯å²æå®ãè¡ããªããã°
ãªããªãïŒãã®ããã«ïŒHTML ã®æ§é ã«åŸã£ãæœåºæ¹æ³ã«
ã¯ïŒãŠãŒã¶ãã³ã³ãã³ããæœåºããéã®èªç±åºŠãå¶éãã
ãŠããŸãåé¡ãããïŒ
æ¬¡ç« ã§è¿°ã¹ãæ¡åŒµãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ã¯ïŒããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯
ããŒã¯ã®æ©èœãæããïŒãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶äžã«è¡šç€ºãããã³
ã³ãã³ãã®ä»»æã®éšåé åãïŒæ§é åææžã®èŠçŽ ã«ãšãã
ããïŒãã®éšåé åã®ã¿ã§ãåç §ã§ããïŒãã®éšåé åã
衚瀺ããããšãã§ããïŒ
3. ãŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ããèªä¿®çšè³æäœ
ææ¯æŽ
ãŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«åºã¥ããèªä¿®çšè³æäœæã®æŠ
èŠãå³ 1 ã«ç€ºãïŒäœæã«ã¯ïŒéåžžã®ã¿ããã©ãŠã¶ãå å«ã
ãæ¡åŒµãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ïŒ3.2 ç¯ã§è©³çŽ°ãè¿°ã¹ãïŒãçšããïŒ
å³ 1 ãŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«åºã¥ããèªä¿®çšè³æäœ
æã®æŠèŠ
Figure1 Outline of creating learning materials
with web curation.
åŠç
WWW
ããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯
â ãŠã§ãããŒãžã®éžæ
â¡éšåé åã®æœåº
â¢éšåé åã®é 眮â£å®æããèªä¿®çšè³æ
ã¬ã€ã¢ãŠãæ å ±
æ å ±åŠçåŠäŒç ç©¶å ±åäŒ
IPSJ SIG Technical Report
â2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 3
æ¡åŒµãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ã¯éåžžéãã®ãŠã§ãããŒãžã®é²èŠ§ãã
ããã©ãŠãžã³ã°é åãšïŒèªä¿®çšè³æãäœæãããªãŒãµãªã³
ã°é åãããªãïŒãŸãïŒåŠç¿è ã¯ïŒãã©ãŠãžã³ã°é åã§ïŒ
èªä¿®çšè³æãäœæããããã«å¿ èŠãªã³ã³ãã³ããæã€ãŠã§
ãããŒãžãéžæããïŒéžæãããŠã§ãããŒãžããä»»æã®ç¯
å²ãæå®ããããšã§éšåé åãç¹å®ããïŒç¹å®ããéšåé
åã¯ïŒãªãŒãµãªã³ã°é åã«è¡šç€ºãããïŒæ¬¡ã«ïŒåŠç¿è ã¯ïŒ
ãªãŒãµãªã³ã°é åäžã§ïŒæœåºããéšåé åããããã®é¢ä¿
æ§ãèæ ®ããé 眮ãè¡ãããšã§ïŒèªä¿®çšè³æãšããŠçµç¹å
ããïŒ
äžèšã®ãŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå®çŸããã·ã¹ãã ã®èŠ
件ã以äžã«ç€ºãïŒ
(1) ãŠã§ãããŒãžããä»»æã®éšåé åãç¹å®ããæ å ±ïŒã
ãŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ïŒãæœåºã§ããïŒ
(2) ããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ãããšã«éšåé åã®ã¿ãå
ç §è¡šç€ºã§ããïŒ
(3) åç §è¡šç€ºããéšåé åãé 眮ããŠç©ºéçãã€ããŒã
ãã¹ãïŒèªä¿®çšè³æïŒãäœæã§ããïŒ
(4) éšåé åã®é 眮æ å ±ãšããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ãã
ãªã空éçãã€ããŒããã¹ããé åžã§ããïŒ
é ç® 1ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããæ¹æ³ããã³é ç® 2, 3, 4ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããæ¹æ³ãïŒ
ãããã 3.1 ããã³ 3.2 ã«ç€ºãïŒ
3.1 ããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ã«ããéšåé åã®æœåº
ããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ã¯ïŒéåžžã®ããã¯ããŒã¯ãããŒ
ãžå šäœãåç §ããããã®æ å ±(URL)ã§ããã®ã«å¯ŸãïŒãŠã§
ãããŒãžã®ä»»æã®éšåé åãç¹å®ãåç §å¯èœã«ããæ å ±
ïŒãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³æ å ±ãšã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³æ å ±ïŒã§ããïŒãã±ãŒã·
ã§ã³æ å ±ã¯ïŒãŠã§ãããŒãžã® URL ãšãŠãŒã¶ãéšåé åã
æœåºããããã«æå®ããç©åœ¢ã®å·ŠäžïŒããã³å³äžã®åº§æšã
ããªãïŒãŸãïŒã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³æ å ±ã¯ïŒãŠãŒã¶ãéšåé åãéž
æãããŸã§ã«è¡ã£ãã¹ã¯ããŒã«ãã¯ãªãã¯ãªã©ã®ããŠã¹æ
äœã®æ å ±ïŒã€ãã³ãã®çš®é¡ãšçºç座æšïŒïŒãããã¯æåã®å ¥
åãæ¡å€§çž®å°ãªã©ã®ããŒæäœã®æ å ±ïŒå ¥åãããããŒã®çš®
é¡ïŒãããªãïŒ
ããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®æ å ±ã¯ïŒãã©ãŠãžã³ã°é åäž
ã§ãŠãŒã¶ãéšåé åãéžå®ããããšã§èšé²ãããïŒèšé²ã«
㯠XML圢åŒãçšããŠããïŒå³ 2 ã«çŸåšå®çŸ©ããŠãã DTD
ã瀺ãïŒããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ã«èšé²ãããŠããéšåé
åã®æ å ±ã¯ïŒãŠã§ãããŒãžã®æ§æèŠçŽ ã«é¢ããæ å ±ãå«ãŸ
ãªãããïŒãŠãŒã¶ã¯ïŒãŠã§ãããŒãžã®ä»»æã®éšåé åãæ
å®ããããšãå¯èœã§ããïŒ
3.2 空éçãã€ããŒããã¹ãã«ããèªä¿®çšè³æäœæ
å³ 3 ã«ïŒæ¡åŒµãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ã®æ§æå³ã瀺ãïŒãŠãŒã¶ã
ãªãŒãµãªã³ã°é åäžã§ïŒããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ã«ããå
ç §ããããŠã§ãããŒãžã®éšåé åãé 眮ããããšã§ïŒèªä¿®
çšè³æãšããŠã®ç©ºéçãã€ããŒããã¹ããã§ããããïŒç©º
éçãã€ããŒããã¹ãã¯ïŒããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ãšã¬ã€
ã¢ãŠãæ å ±ã§æ§æãããïŒã¬ã€ã¢ãŠãæ å ±ã¯ïŒ1 ã€ããã
ã¯è€æ°ã®ããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ã§åç §ãããéšåé åã
é 眮ãããšãã®åº§æšãšéšåé åã®ãµã€ãºæ å ±ãããªãïŒ
ãªãŒãµãªã³ã°é åã§ã¯ïŒããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ã«ãã
ç¹å®ãããéšåé åã衚瀺ãããããã«ïŒãŸãïŒãããå«
ããŠã§ãããŒãžããã©ãŠãžã³ã°é åã«ããã¿ããã©ãŠã¶ã§
衚瀺ããïŒæåé¢ãšã¯éãå¥ã¿ããŠã£ã³ããŠã§è¡šç€ºãããïŒïŒ
ããã«éšåé åã®ã¿ã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžãç¬ç«ãããŠã£ã³ããŠïŒp-
window ãšåŒã¶ïŒã«è¡šç€ºãããïŒp-window ã¯ïŒãŠãŒã¶ã«ã
ãåããããšãå¯èœã§ïŒãŠãŒã¶ãããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯
ã§éžå®ããéšåé åãããšã«èªä¿®çšè³æãäœæã§ããïŒã
ãŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ã®åç §å ã®ãŠã§ãããŒãžãæŽæ°ãã
ãå ŽåïŒp-window ã«è¡šç€ºããã該åœããéšåé åã®å 容ã
åæ§ã«æŽæ°ãããïŒãªãŒãµãªã³ã°é åäžã®éšåé åã¯ãã
ã¯ããŒã¯ãšåæ§ã«éšåé åãããŒã¿ãšããŠä¿åããŠãããïŒ
èäœæš©ã®äŸµå®³ãããã«åç §ããããšãå¯èœãšãªã£ãŠããïŒ
å³ 3ã® PBãã³ãã©[1,11]ã¯ãŠãŒã¶ãšã¿ããã©ãŠã¶ã®éã«
ä»åšããŠïŒããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ã空éçãã€ããŒãã
ã¹ãã®èšé²ã«å¿ èŠãªæ å ±ïŒp-window ã«è¡šç€ºããã€ã¡ãŒãžã
ãããšããïŒãŸãïŒã€ã¡ãŒãžãåŸãããã«å¿ èŠãªæäœã®å
çŸãè¡ãïŒã¿ããã©ãŠã¶ã«éä¿¡ããæ©èœãæããŠããïŒ
<!ELEMENT PB (Location_information, Action_information) >
<!ELEMENT Location_information (url, portion)>
<!ATTLIST Location_information id NMTOKEN #REQUIRED>
<!ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT portion EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST portion upper_left_x CDATA #REQUIRED
upper_left_y CDATA #REQUIRED lower_right_x CDATA #REQUIRED
lower_right_y CDATA #REQUIRED >
<!ELEMENT Action_information (event+)>
<!ATTLIST Action_information id NMTOKEN #REQUIRED>
<!ELEMENT event (type, position?)>
<!ATTLIST event id NMTOKEN #REQUIRED>
<!ELEMENT type (mouse_event | key_event)?>
<!ELEMENT mouse_event (button_event|wheel_event)?>
<!ELEMENT button_event (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT wheel_event (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT key_event (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT position EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST position x CDATA #REQUIRED y CDATA #REQUIRED >
å³ 2 ããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ã® DTD
Figure 2 DTD of partial bookmark.
å³ 3 æ¡åŒµãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ã®æ§æå³
Figure 3 The architecture of the enhanced web browser.
User
Browsing area
âŠ
tab1 tab2 tabn
Authoring area
p-window1
p-window2
p-windown
PB Handler
Web browser
âŠ
tab1 tab2 tabn
Spatial Hypertext
Partial bookmark2Layout
information2
Partial bookmark1
Layout information1
Partial bookmarkn
Layout informationn
Image
Information
Event
Information
æ å ±åŠçåŠäŒç ç©¶å ±åäŒ
IPSJ SIG Technical Report
â2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 4
4. å®éš
æ¡åŒµãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ãçšãããŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã
èªä¿®çšè³æã®äœææ¯æŽã«æå¹ãã©ããèå¯ãè¡ãªãããã«ïŒ
èªä¿®çšè³æãäœæããŠãããå®éšãå®æœããïŒäœæããã
èªä¿®çšè³æã« Visual Grounded Theory åæãå®æœãïŒãã¶ã€
ã³ãã¿ãŒã³ãåé¡ããïŒ
4.1 ã¿ã¹ã¯
被éšè ã¯ïŒå€§å倧åŠå·¥åŠéšç¥èœæ å ±ã·ã¹ãã å·¥åŠç§ã«æ
å±ããåŠç 15 人ã§ïŒåŠç§ã§éè¬ããŠãã 5 ã€ã®ææ¥ã察
象ã«èªä¿®çšè³æãäœæããŠããã£ãïŒå被éšè ã¯ïŒææ¥ 1
ã€ã«å¯Ÿã㊠3 ã€ãã€èªä¿®çšè³æãã§ãããã調æŽãã€ã€ïŒ
5 ã€ã®ææ¥ãã 1 ã€ãéžæããŠãããïŒåææ¥ã«çšæãã
ãã·ã©ãã¹ãèªã¿ææ¥å 容ãææ¡ããäžã§ïŒåŠä¿®ããã®ã«
圹ç«ã€æ å ±ã«ã€ããŠãŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãè¡ãªã£ãŠãã
ã£ãïŒè¢«éšè ã®æ¡ä»¶ãšã㊠5 ã€ã®ææ¥ãã¹ãŠã履修ããåŠ
çãšããïŒå¯Ÿè±¡ãšããææ¥ãšãã®åœ¢æ ã以äžã«ç€ºãïŒ
⢠æ å ±ãããã¯ãŒã¯ïŒè¬çŸ©ïŒ
⢠ç¥èåŠçè«ïŒè¬çŸ©ïŒ
⢠ããŒã¿ããŒã¹æŒç¿ïŒæŒç¿ïŒ
⢠ãœãããŠã§ã¢éçºæŒç¿â ¡ïŒæŒç¿ïŒ
⢠èšç®æ©ã·ã¹ãã å®éšïŒå®éšïŒ
ãŸãïŒVisual Grounded Theory åæãããäžã§å¿ èŠãªè¢«éšè
ãžã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒãèªä¿®çšè³æã®äœæåŸã«å®æœããïŒ
4.2 ããŒã¿ã®åææ¹æ³
äœæããã 15 ã®èªä¿®çšè³æãããšã«ïŒããããã«ããŽ
ã©ã€ãºãïŒç¹åŸŽã調æ»ãïŒäœææ¯æŽã«å¿ èŠãªãã®ãæãã
ã«ããããã«ïŒèŠèŠçãªããŒã¿ã察象ãšãã質çç 究ã§è¡
ãªã Visual Grounded Theory åæãå®æœããïŒVisual
Grounded Theory åææé ã«ã€ããŠä»¥äžã«ç€ºãïŒ
(1) 被éšè ã®èªä¿®çšè³æã«èŠãããç¹åŸŽïŒè¢«éšè ãžã®ã€ã³
ã¿ãã¥ãŒçµæãå«ãïŒãæç« ã§èšè¿°
(2) ãããã®æç« ããïŒã§ããã ã客芳çã«æç« ãèšèã
现ããåå²
(3) åå²ãããæç« ã®ïŒãã®éšåã ããèªã¿ïŒå 容ãè¡šã
ã©ãã«ãã€ãã
(4) 䌌ãŠããã©ãã«ããŸãšããŠïŒäžäœæŠå¿µãšãªãã«ããŽãª
ãèšå®ããŠïŒååãšïŒãã®èª¬æãã€ããïŒ
(5) è€æ°ã®ã«ããŽãªãçµ±åããŠïŒèªä¿®çšè³æã®ãã¿ãŒã³ã
èšå®ããïŒãã®èª¬æãã€ããïŒ
æ¬è«æã§ã¯ïŒäžèšã®æé ã«åŸãïŒç¹åŸŽèšè¿°åŸã«ã©ãã«ã€
ããšãã¿ãŒã³åãè¡ãªãïŒ22 åã®ã«ããŽãªãèšå®ããïŒé¡
䌌ããã«ããŽãªãçµ±åããŠãã¿ãŒã³ã«ããäŸãšããŠïŒãéšå
é åã®éžææ¹æ³ããšãéšåé åã®æ§æããšããååã®ã«ã
ãŽãªãããScrapããšãããã¿ãŒã³ãèšå®ããïŒ
äœæãããèªä¿®çšè³æãåºã«ããVisual Grounded Theory
åæã«ããèšå®ããããã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³ãè¡š 1 ã«ç€ºãïŒè¡š
äžã®ãã¿ãŒã³ãïŒäžèšæé 5 ã§èšå®ãããã¿ãŒã³ã§ïŒãµã
ãã¿ãŒã³ã¯ïŒãã¿ãŒã³èšå®æã«çµ±åããé¢é£ããã«ããŽãª
ã瀺ãïŒè¡šäžïŒç¶²æã®è¡ã¯ä»åïŒIdeaMâché ã®å®éš[8]ã§ã
èŠããããã¿ãŒã³ã§ããïŒæ°ããèŠã€ãããã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒ
ã³ãšããããŠïŒèš 5 ã€ãä»åã®å®éšã§èŠãããïŒäœæãã
ããã¹ãŠã®èªä¿®çšè³æãã©ã®ãã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³ã«è©²åœãã
ãåé¡ããïŒ
5. ãã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³ãšç¹åŸŽ
æ¬ç« ã§ã¯ïŒæ°èŠã«èŠã€ãã£ããã¿ãŒã³ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æãïŒ
èªä¿®çšè³æã®ãã¶ã€ã³ã«èŠãããç¹åŸŽçãªãŸãšãæ¹ã«ã€ã
ãŠè¿°ã¹ïŒæåŸã«æå¹æ§ã«ã€ããŠèå¯ãè¿°ã¹ãïŒ
è¡š 1 èªä¿®çšè³æã®ãã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³
Table 1 Design pattern of learning materials
Pattern Sub-pattern Definition Occurrences
morphology concrete å ·äœçãªåœ¢ã«ãªãããéšåé åãé 眮 12 abstract æœè±¡çãªïŒå ±éã®)ã«ãŒã«ã«åŸãããã«éšåé åãé 眮 2
overlap
compose èæ¯ãšãªãéšåé åãšãã®äžã«è¡šç€ºããéšåé åã®é¢ä¿æ§ãåããããã«é 眮 6
group spatial åæ°ïŒè€æ°ã®éšåé åãæããã«é¢ãããããªç©ºçœãçšããé 眮 9 conjunction éšåé åéã®ç©ºçœãç¡ãããããªé 眮 8
explanation direct ä»»æã®éšåé åã®èª¬æãè£å©ã®åœ¹å²ãæ ãéšåé åãäž»åŸãããã¯å¯Ÿçã«é 眮 11 indirect è€æ°ã®éšåé åå士ãããéšåé åã説æãè£å©ã®é¢ä¿ã«ãªãããé 眮 5
scrap fixed/single 1 ã€ã® HTMLã®èŠçŽ ããã®ãŸãŸé 眮 11 fixed/multiple è€æ°ã® HTMLã®èŠçŽ ããã®ãŸãŸé 眮 10 partial/single 1 ã€ã® HTMLã®èŠçŽ ã®éšåãé 眮 7 partial/multiple è€æ°ã® HTMLã®èŠçŽ ã«ãŸããã£ãéšåãé 眮 9
æ å ±åŠçåŠäŒç ç©¶å ±åäŒ
IPSJ SIG Technical Report
â2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 5
5.1 Conjunction (Group)
Conjunction ã¯è€æ°ã®éšåé åãã°ã«ãŒããšããŠè¡šçŸã
ãããã«ïŒé åéã®ç©ºçœãç¡ããïŒ1 ã€ã®ãŸãšãŸãã圢æ
ãããã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³ã§ããïŒå ·äœçãªäŸãå³ 4 ã«ç€ºãïŒ
ãã®èªä¿®çšè³æã¯ããŒã¿ããŒã¹æŒç¿ã«ã€ããŠïŒSQL ã®
SELECT æãªã©ã«ã€ããŠãŸãšãããããã®ã§ããïŒè¢«éšè
ã¯åããµã€ãå ã®ããããã®ãŠã§ãããŒãžããéšåé åã
æœåºãïŒ1 ã€ã®æç§æžã®ããã«åæ§æããããïŒå³äžã®ç¹
ç·ã§è¡šç€ºããŠããããããã®éšåé åã®éãæ¥åãããã
ã«é 眮ããŠããïŒ
5.2 Explanation
Explanation ã¯ããéšåé åã®å 容ã«å¯ŸããŠïŒä»ã®éšåé
åãé¢ä¿(é¢é£)ãæã€ããã«é 眮ããã圢åŒã®ããšãæã
ãŠããïŒIdeaMâché ã®å®éš[8]ã§èŠã€ãã£ããã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒ
ã³ã«ãåæ§ã®åœ¢åŒãããïŒPath ãšè¡šçŸããŠããïŒIdeaMâché
ã¯ïŒã³ã³ãã³ãã«ã³ã¡ã³ããè¡ãªãæ©èœãããïŒã³ã³ãã³
ãã®ã€ãªãããç·ã§è¡šçŸããããšãå¯èœã§ãã£ããïŒæ¡åŒµ
ãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ã§ã¯æªå®è£ ã§ããïŒãã®ããïŒäžèšã®ãã
ãªéšåé åã®é 眮ãè¡ãªãããšã§ïŒãããã®ã€ãªãããçŽ
æ¥è¡šçŸããŠããïŒ
Explanation ã®ãµããã¿ãŒã³ã§ãã direct ãš indirect ã«ã€
ããŠèª¬æããïŒdirect ã¯ããéšåé åã®å 容ã«å¯ŸããŠïŒèª¬æ
ãè£å©ãšããŠã®æå³ãæã€éšåé åãäž»åŸãããã¯å¯Ÿçãª
é¢ä¿ã«ãªãããé 眮ãããã¿ãŒã³ã§ããïŒãã®é¢ä¿ãè¡šçŸ
ããããã«ïŒéšåé åãé åºã ã£ãé 眮ã«ãªã£ãŠããïŒ
indirect ã¯è€æ°ã®éšåé åå士ãããéšåé åã®èª¬æãè£
å©ã®é¢ä¿ã«ãªãããã«é 眮ãããã¿ãŒã³ã§ããïŒè¢«éšè ã
1 ã€ã®éšåé åã«å¯ŸããŠè€æ°ã®èŠæ¹ãããããšãè¡šçŸãã
å Žåã«çšããããïŒ
ãµããã¿ãŒã³ direct ãš indirect ã®å ·äœçãªäŸãå³ 5 ã«ç€º
ãïŒãã®èªä¿®çšè³æã¯æ å ±ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®ææ¥ã«ãããã
ããã¯ãŒã¯ã«é¢ããçšèªã«ã€ããŠãŸãšãããããã®ã§ããïŒ
被éšè ã¯æäžéšã«é 眮ããŠããéšåé åã®å 容ã«æžãããŠ
ããçšèªã®èª¬æã«ãããéšåé åãäžéšã«é 眮ãïŒäžå±€ã«
è¡ãã»ã©å ·äœçãªèª¬æã«ãªããããã¶ã€ã³ããŠããïŒãŸãïŒ
1 ã€ã®çšèªã«å¯ŸããŠç°ãªã説æãæ〠2 ã€ã®éšåé åãé
眮ããŠããïŒ
5.3 Scrap
Scrap ã¯èªä¿®çšè³æã«å¯ŸããŠïŒãŠã§ãããŒãžã®ã©ã®ãã
ãªéšåé åãçšããŠé 眮ããŠããããæããŠããïŒæ¡åŒµãŠ
ã§ããã©ãŠã¶ã¯ïŒIdeaMâché ãªã©ã®ãŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³
ã§ã¯è¡ãªããªãæ§ã ãªéšåé åã®é 眮ãå¯èœã§ããïŒãŠãŒ
ã¶ç¬èªã®é 眮ã®ä»æ¹ãèŠããããããã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³ã® 1
ã€ãšããŠããïŒå®éšçµæããïŒãµããã¿ãŒã³ãšããŠ
fixed/singleïŒfixed/multipleïŒpartial/singleïŒpartial/multiple ã®
4 ã€ãèŠãããïŒScrap ã®ããããã®ãµããã¿ãŒã³ã«ã€ããŠ
ãã¹ãŠã®é 眮æ¹æ³ãçšããèªä¿®çšè³æã®å³ 6 ãçšããŠèª¬æ
ããïŒ
å³ 4 ãã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³(Conjunction)ã®äŸ
Figure 4 Example of conjunction
Conjunction
å³ 5 ãã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³(Explanation)ã®äŸ
Figure 5 Example of explanation
direct
indirect
å³ 6 ãã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³(Scrap)ã®äŸ
Figure 6 Example of scrap
partial/multiple
fixed/single
fixed/multiple
partial/single
æ å ±åŠçåŠäŒç ç©¶å ±åäŒ
IPSJ SIG Technical Report
â2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 6
fixed/single㯠HTMLã® 1ã€ã®èŠçŽ ããã®ãŸãŸç©ºéçãã€
ããŒããã¹ãã«é 眮ãããã¿ãŒã³ãæãïŒãã®ãã¿ãŒã³ã¯ïŒ
IdeaMâché ã Evernote ãªã©ã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§èŠããã
ãªããžã§ã¯ãåäœã§ã®é 眮ã«çžåœããïŒä»åã®å®éšã§ã¯ïŒ
åèªãèŠåºãïŒå®çµãã説ææãå³å šäœãæãåºãé 眮ã
ãå Žåã«çšããããïŒ
fixed/multipleã¯è€æ°ã® HTMLã®èŠçŽ ããã®ãŸãŸç©ºéçã
ã€ããŒããã¹ãã«é 眮ãããã¿ãŒã³ãæãïŒãã®é 眮æ¹æ³
ã¯ïŒEvernote ã«ããããŠã§ãããŒãžã®å€§ããªç¯å²ãæå®ã
ãæ¹æ³ãããå±æçã«æå®ãå¯èœãªéšåé åãé 眮ããã
ã®ã«çžåœããïŒäŸãšããŠïŒå¿ èŠãªè€æ°ã®æãæå®ããŠé 眮
ããå Žåãå®çµããå³ãšèª¬æãªã©ãé 眮ãããšãã«çšãã
ããïŒ
partial/single 㯠HTML ã®ããèŠçŽ ã®äžéšã空éçãã€ã
ãŒããã¹ãã«é 眮ãããã¿ãŒã³ãæãïŒäŸãã°ïŒ1 ã€ã®æ
ã®å¿ èŠãªäžéšãå³å šäœã§ã¯ç¡ãå³äžã®èŠçŽ ãé 眮ããå Žå
ã«çšããããïŒ
partial/multiple ã¯è€æ°ã® HTML ã®èŠçŽ ã«ãŸããã£ãéšå
ã空éçãã€ããŒããã¹ãã«é 眮ãããã¿ãŒã³ãæãïŒã
ã®é 眮ã¯ïŒèŠåºããåèªãšãã®èª¬ææã®å¿ èŠãªé åãŸã§ã
æå®ããé 眮ãå³ãšèª¬æã®äžéšãé 眮ããå Žåãªã©ã«è¡ãª
ãããŠããïŒ
5.4 ãã¶ã€ã³ã®æå³
äœæãããåèªä¿®çšè³æããã®çšéãšããèŠç¹ãããš
ããããšïŒãçšèªéãïŒããªã³ã¯éãïŒãæç§æžïŒåèæžïŒããš
ãã 3 ã€ã®ç¹åŸŽçãªåŸåãèŠãããïŒããã¯ã¢ã¯ãã£ãã©
ãŒãã³ã°ãè¡ãªãäžã§ãŠãŒã¶ãéèŠããåŠç¿æ¹æ³ã«ãã£ãŠ
å€åãããã®ã ãšèããããïŒããããã®ãŸãšãæ¹ã«ã€ã
ãŠå³ 7 ã«ç€ºãïŒ
ãçšèªéããäœæãã被éšè ã¯ææ¥å šäœã®å 容ããéèŠ
ãªåèªãšãã®èª¬æãçšãããŸãšããè¡ãªã£ãŠããïŒåé¡ã®
解ãæ¹ãªã©ã®å ·äœçãªæ¹æ³ãåŠç¿ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãïŒèªä¿®çš
è³æãéããŠææ¥å šäœã®æŠå¿µãåŠã¶ããšãæèãããã¶ã€
ã³ãšãªã£ãŠããïŒãã®ããïŒèªä¿®çšè³æå ã«å 容ãç°ãªã
è€æ°ã®ã°ã«ãŒãã圢æããïŒã°ã«ãŒãå 㧠Explanation ã®é¢
ä¿ãæã€ãããªé 眮ãããè¡ãªãããŠããïŒ
ããªã³ã¯éããäœæãã被éšè ã¯ææ¥ã®æŠå¿µãå 容ããŸ
ãšããã®ã§ã¯ãªãïŒåèªãèŠåºãã ããé 眮ããŠããïŒåã
ã®éšåé åã®å 容èªäœã«ããŸãæå³ãç¡ãïŒé¢ä¿æ§ãæ§ç¯
ãããããªé 眮ã¯ã»ãšãã©è¡ãªãããªãã£ãïŒèªä¿®çšè³æ
ãèŠãŠåŠç¿ãè¡ãªãã®ã§ã¯ãªãïŒéšåé åãããã¯ããŒã¯
ã®ããã«æ±ãããšã§ïŒåç §å ãšãªã£ãŠãããŠã§ãããŒãžã
èŠãåŠç¿ãè¡ãããšãæèãããã¶ã€ã³ãšãªã£ãŠããïŒ
ãæç§æžïŒåèæžïŒããäœæãã被éšè ã¯ææ¥ã®äžã® 1 ã€
ã®å 容ã詳ãã説æãããããªãŸãšãæ¹ãè¡ãªã£ãŠããïŒ
æœè±¡çãªå 容ã ãã§ã¯ãªãïŒå³ãããã°ã©ã ãªã©ã®å ·äœäŸ
ã«ãããéšåé åã説æãšçµã¿åãããããšã§ïŒæŠå¿µã ã
ã§ã¯ãªãïŒå®è·µçã«åŠã³ãããŠãŒã¶ã«å€ãèŠããããã¶ã€
ã³ã ã£ãïŒãã®ããïŒéšåé åå士ãéãåããããïŒã
ãéšåé åã«å¯ŸããŠãå€ãã®éšåé åãé¢ä¿æ§ãæã€ãã
ã«é 眮ããããïŒé 眮é ã§éšåé åã®å ·äœæ§ãå€åãããª
ã©ã®æ§ã ãªåœ¢åŒãèŠãããïŒåŠç¿è ãåŠç¿ãè¡ãªãäžã§è³
æã«æ±ããçšéã¯æ§ã ã«å€åããïŒæ¡åŒµãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ã¯ïŒ
ãŠãŒã¶ã®æå³ã«æ²¿ã£ãèªç±ãªéšåé åã®æœåºãé 眮ãå¯èœ
ãšããŠããïŒãŠãŒã¶ã®ç¬èªæ§ãå°éããèªä¿®çšè³æã®äœæ
ãè¡ãããããšã«ãã£ãŠå³ 7 ã«ç€ºãããããªãŸãšãæ¹ãèŠ
ããããšèããããïŒ
æ¡åŒµãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ã®å©çšã§æ°èŠã«èŠããããã¶ã€ã³
ãã¿ãŒã³ã§ãã Scrap ã«ãããŠïŒé 眮æ¹æ³ã®å©çšå²åå³ 8
ã«ç€ºãïŒæ¢åã®ãŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§èŠããããªããžã§
ã¯ãåäœã§ã®é 眮ã«ããã fixed/singleãå šäœã®çŽ 30%ã§ã
ãïŒæ¡åŒµãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ãæäŸããŠããä»ã®é 眮æ¹æ³ãçŽ
å³ 7 èªä¿®çšè³æã®ãŸãšãæ¹
Figure 7 The organizing method of learning materials
çšèªé
ãªã³ã¯é
æç§æž(åèæž)
æ å ±åŠçåŠäŒç ç©¶å ±åäŒ
IPSJ SIG Technical Report
â2017 Information Processing Society of Japan 7
70%ãå ããŠããïŒããã¯ïŒèªç±ãªåœ¢åŒã§ã®ã³ã³ãã³ãã®
é 眮ããŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®éèŠãªèŠçŽ ã§ããããšã瀺
ããŠããïŒããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ãšæ¡åŒµãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶
ã«ããæ°ããªãŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãïŒåŠçã«ã³ã¹ãã®ã
ãããªãåŠã³ã®å ŽãæäŸãïŒèªäž»çãªåŠç¿ã«ãããèªä¿®çš
è³æã®äœææ¯æŽãæå¹ã§ãããšèããããïŒ
6. ãããã«
æ¬è«æã§ã¯ïŒæ¡åŒµãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ãçšãããŠã§ããã¥ã¬
ãŒã·ã§ã³ãèªä¿®çšè³æã®äœææ¯æŽã«æå¹ã§ããããïŒè¢«éš
è å®éšã§äœæãããè³æã®ãã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³ãåé¡ãïŒã
ã¶ã€ã³ã«èŠãããç¹åŸŽãèå¯ããããšã§ç¢ºèªããïŒè¢«éšè
å®éšã®çµæããïŒæ¢åã®ãŠã§ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ä»çµã¿ã§
ã¯èŠãããªãã£ãæ°ããªãã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³ãèŠã€ããïŒç¹
城ããããŒã·ã£ã«ããã¯ããŒã¯ã«ããéšåé åã®æœåºæ¹æ³
ãæçšã§ããããšãåãã£ãïŒä»åŸã¯ïŒæ¡åŒµãŠã§ããã©ãŠ
ã¶ã®ãªãŒãµãªã³ã°æ©èœã®æ¹åãè¡ãïŒããé·æçãªæéã§
ã®å®éšãéããŠïŒãããªããã¶ã€ã³ãã¿ãŒã³ã®èª¿æ»ãé²ã
ãŠããïŒ
åèæç®
[1] Abe, Y., Matsusako, K., Kirimura, K., Tamura, M., Nakashima, M.
and Ito, T.. Tolerant Sharing of a Single-user Application Among
Multiple Users in Collaborative Work. In Companion Proc,
CSCW2010, ACM Press, pp. 555-556(2010).
[2] Charmaz, K.. Constructing grounded theory. Sage, 2014.
[3] Corbin, J. and Strauss, A.. Basics of qualitative research:
Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage,
2008.
[4] âEvernote Web Clipperâ.
https://evernote.com/intl/jp/webclipper/?downloaded, (åç § 2017-
02-03)
[5] âFacebookâ. https://ja-jp.facebook.com/, (åç § 2017-02-03)
[6] âIdeaMâchéâ. https://ideamache.ecologylab.net/, (åç § 2017-02-
03)
[7] Konecki, K. T.. Visual grounded theory: A methodological outline
and examples from empirical work. Revija za sociologiju, 2011
vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 131-160.
[8] Lupfer, N., Kerne, A., Webb, A. M., Linder, R.. Patterns of Free-
form Curation: Visual Thinking with Web Content. In Proc.
MMâ16, pp. 12-21(2016).
[9] Nagatomo, T., Tachibana, T., Sato, K., and Nakashima, M.. Partial
bookmarking: A Structure-independent Mechanism of Transclusion
for a Portion of any Web Page. In Proc, UISTâ16 Adjunct, pp. 185-
186(2016).
[10] âPinterestâ. https://jp.pinterest.com/, (åç § 2017-02-03)
[11] Sato, K., Adachi, Y., Nakashima, M. and Ito, T.. A Mechanism of
Trailing the Footprint for the Previously Visited Web Pages to Ease
a Meta-knowledge-based Search. In Proc, NBiS2012, pp. 298-
305(2012).
[12] âTumblrâ. https://www.tumblr.com/dashboard, (åç § 2017-02-03)
[13] âTwitterâ. https://twitter.com/?lang=ja, (åç § 2017-02-03)
å³ 8 Scrap ã«åºã¥ããé 眮æ¹æ³ã®å²å
Figure 8 The ratio of arrangement based on scrap
30.6%
15.7%23.1%
30.6%
fixed/single
partial/single
fixed/multiple
partial/multiple