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UV Spectrum
Divided into following key regions:
UV-C (270 to 290 nm).UV-B (290 to 320 nm).
UV-A (320 to 400 nm).
UVA II (320340 nm)
UVA I (340400 nm)
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Ratio of UV-A to UV-B is approximately 20:1.
UV-A is constant throughout the year.
UV-B is greatest during summer.
UV-B & UV-A reach earths surface in amountsaffected by altitude & season.
UV-C does not normally reach earths surface
because of filtration by ozone & atmospheric
moisture.
Atmosphere does not protect humans completely
from damage by UV-B & UV-A
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UV-B rays, have shorter wavelength
Absorbed by superficial layers of skin, i.e. epidermis& cause visible damage.
UV-A rays have longer wavelengthPenetrate deep into skin & cause invisible damage.
UVA is a severe threat to skin health because of itscarcinogenic effect.
Damage can be immediate & long-term, with effectsranging from sunburn, rashes, cell & tissue damage topremature wrinkling.
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Visible damageis reaction which is seen immediately
after sun exposure e.g. immediate pigmentation,
actinic erythema (sunburn), hyperkeratinisation &tanning.
Invisible damageof skin are those which cause
damage to immune system, harms cell membranes,making it a favorite site for attack by free radicals. UV
light can also destroy DNA & thereby cause cell
death.
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Sunscreensare sun protective lotions/ creams whenapplied to skin, absorbs UV radiation.
Made of chemical absorbers, physical reflectors or
mixture of both.
There are few chemicals that absorb both UV-A & UV-
B radiations. Hence combination sunscreens are
formulated as they are enriched with both UV-A &UV-B absorbing chemicals to provide broad spectrum
protection.
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UV-A chemical sunscreencompounds include
benzophenones (oxybenzone), avobenzone &
mexoryl X.
UV-B chemical sunscreencompounds include
para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) & its
derivatives, cinnamates, salicylates,octocrylene, ensilozole & camphor derivatives.
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Sun Protection Factor (SPF)
SPF is defined as the amount of UV radiation required to produce1 minimal erythema dose (MED) on protected skin afterapplication of 2 mg.cm of sunscreen product divided by theamount of UV radiation required to produce 1 MED on
unprotected skin.
MED (Minimal Erythema Dose) is the dose of radiation at aspecific wavelength which will produce a delayed erythemaresponse.
MED with Photoprotection
SPF = ---------------------------------
MED without Photoprotection
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It is recommended that broad-spectrum products withSPF of at least 15 be used. Broad-spectrum or full-
spectrum sunscreen provides UV-B & UV-A
protection.
For children 6 months to 2 years, it is recommended to
use sunscreen with SPF of at least 4, although 15 or
higher is considered best.
Because babys bodies may not be developed enough
to handle sunscreen chemicals, they should not be
used on babies younger than 6 months of age.
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EloveraSPF Lotion
Criteria for an ideal sunscreen & how is EloveraSPF
closer to it?
High Sun Protection Factor: Therapeutic
concentration of effective UV absorbing agents
ensures effective protection.
Broad Spectrum Sunscreen: Both UVA & UVB
absorbing sunactive agents have been included.
Protect against Visible & Invisible damages
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Criteria for an ideal sunscreen & how is EloveraSPF
closer to it?
Photo stability of formulation : After absorption of UV radiations
sunscreen agents get converted into byproducts, which might
prove allergic. Such allergic reactions are not reported with the
sunactive agents in Elovera - SPF. All the ingredients arephotostable.
Waterproof : Sunscreen formulation with water proof property so
that after application though patient might sweat but still the
product will be retained on skin for longer time. Secondly
sunscreens are widely prescribed to swimmers where they are
exposed to more amount of reflected light so sun damages are
common.
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EloveraSPF Lotion
Criteria for an ideal sunscreen & how is EloveraSPFcloser to it?
Diffusion of Sunactive agents at dermis : The sunactive
agents of Elovera - SPF are lipophilic so they easily diffuse
at the level of dermis thus protecting from deeper penetrating
UVA radiations.
Non-Comedogenic: Sunscreens are often applied on face &
are prescribed to teens, where acne is a concern. In suchsituations comedogenic formulation might worsen acne. Thus
it is essential that product should be noncomedogenic.
Elovera-SPF is noncomedogenic.
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Therapeutic applications of sunscreens
Apart from photoprotection to normal skin sunscreens
can also be applied in the following conditions to
prevent further damage & improve condition of the skin.
Photocarcinogenesis
Skin cancer because of excessive exposure to UV
radiation.DNA can absorb UV radiation directly leading to
characteristic mutations that apparently result in
altered DNA quality control.
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Therapeutic applications of sunscreens
Photoaging
Skin aging because of excessive exposure toUV radiation.
Photoallergy
Involves interaction of immune system & solar
radiation resulting in damage to skin.
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SunlightTissue InteractionUV Radiation
(Photons)
DNA
NADH, NADPH, Tryptophan, Riboflavin,Melanin (Chromophores*)
Release ROS
Oxidation of Lipids & Proteins
Affect DNA repair
Dyspigmentation
Photoaging
Carcinogenesis
NADH-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide,NADPH- Nicotinamide Adenine
Dinucleotide Phosphate, *Atomic grouping on which colour depends.
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Therapeutic applications of sunscreens
Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE)
Idiopathic skin eruption that occurs in susceptible individuals on
exposure to UV radiation that is more intense than usual. Seen
most commonly at the beginning of summer.
Porphyrias
Caused by an inherited or acquired abnormality in the heme
metabolic pathway.
Solar urticaria
It is a rare rapidly developing reaction to UV exposure.
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Therapeutic applications of sunscreens
Xeroderma pigmentosum
Stems from a genetic defect in the
ability to repair DNA. Skin neoplasms,
including malignant melanoma as wellas basal cell & squamous cell
carcinoma.
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Therapeutic applications of sunscreens
Drug photosensitivity skin reactionsPhotosensitivity can occur in any individual
exposed to photosensitive agents. Many
anticancer drugs, antidepressants,
antihistamines, antifungals, doxycycline,tetracycline, antiparasitic drugs, psoralens can
cause photosensitivity.
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EloveraSPF Lotion: Composition & Role
of Ingredients
VITAMIN E ACETATE 0.5 %: Antioxidant &Photoprotection
ALOE EXTRACT 10 % : Protects morphology & number
of Langerhans cells, Photoprotection, Reduces
production of ILs. AVOBENZONE 3 %: Photoprotection against UVA I
OXYBENZONE 3 %: Photoprotection against UVA II &
UVB Boosts SPF value in combination with other UV B
absorbers OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE 7.5 %: Photoprotection
against UV B
CREAM BASE
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EloveraSPF Lotion Mode of application
Sufficient quantity should be applied to exposed
areas 20 to 30 minutes before exposure to sunlight.
AVAILABILITY
60 ML FLIP-TOP PLASTIC BOTTLE IN A CARTON.
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Elovera - SPF : Competition
Shade (Fulford) : OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE 7.5 %
OXYBENZONE 3 % & AVOBENZONE 3 %.
Sunset (Merck) : OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE 7.5 %&
OXYBENZONE 3 %
Spectraban (Stifel)
Sunban (H & H)
Umrella (Le Sante)
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Elovera - SPF : Competition
Suncross lotion (Ranbaxy) :OCTINOXATE 7.5 %
OXYBENZONE 3 %,
AVOBENZONE 2 %
ZINC OXIDE 2 %.
SPF-26, 100 ml- Rs.219/30
Sunban Forte cream (H & H) :
OCTYL METHOXYCINNAMATE 8.5 %
OXYBENZONE 3 %
Titanium Dioxide 6 % (In micronised silica coated)UVA/ UVB ratio 0.51
CWL 370 nm
SPF-50, 60 gm- Rs.274/95