Food Biotechnology
20Biotechnology 1919Karl ErekyBiotechnology 1982
1982 ()1985Moo-Young 1985
DNADNA()
Gene engineering
2070DNA
DNA
Cell engineering ()
Fermentation engineering
Enzyme engineering
Protein engineering
BC 6000 BC 4000 BC 221
1865BrunnGregor Johann Mendel8281866 35
19001de Vries F23:1 1900326 L.H
2Correns,C.E 19004211900,4,24(18)158-168
3(Tschermak) 19006,24 3
Hugo de Vries (1848-1935) Carl Erich Correns (1864-1933)Erich von Tschermak (1871-1962)
1885Louis Pasteur) 2020 Alexander Fleming50
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?17300
?
?
:?:,60,:
12
1
2, 70805 30
R.Franklin & Wilkins1952DNAX-
1953J.D.WatsonH.F.C.CrickDNAdouble helix
1962Wilkins WatsonCrick
1965JacobMonod
1968NirenbergDNAHollytRNAKhoranaFigure The lac operon includes three genes
Marshall W. Nirenberg Robert W. Holley Har Gobind Khorana
Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize
2060Paul BergSV401972DNA1980Paul Berg Walter Gilbert Frederick Sanger
1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize
1972BoyerEcoRDNA DNABoyerGenentechHerbert Boyer
1977SangerDNAMaxamGilbergDNAFrederick Sanger Walter Gilbert 1980
1984KohlerMilsteinJerne Niels K. Jerne Csar Milstein Georges J.F. Khler
1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize
1986MullisPolymerase Chain Reaction, PCR1993for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method Kary B. Mullis 1/2 of the prize
1928Frederick GriffithAveryDNA
Meselson StahlDNA
21 21
1
AA
2005513833.23
2
25%
90
18 1990B.tBt(CpTI)(lectin gene)
3ACCACC
RNA
RNA
PHPH
4
(hGH) 1984
5
L-
,
:
200410
7225
10%,
() DNA 1
(BOD)BOD:(20 1) 5d ,,5d ,BOD5 BOD ,, 1h
DNA
2
DBT4s(sufoxide)(sulfone)(sulfoMte)(sMlfaM)DBTSH2SO4
3 ()
4
(food biotechnology)
18000450~50025%420080027004004504751/4199327130% 90750kg1992199315209014008070% ()15 1990B. t"""""""863"CryIA(b)CryIA(c)
, )((ELISA )(PCR)DNA) 0.30.4123125%70%Rudolf Diesel20002(Biodiesel: Clean, Green Diesel Fuel)55%