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SEMINAR NATIONAL
T E C H N O L O G Y H I J A U
GBI TOWNSHIPFRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
3 N O V E M B E R 2 0 1 1
MELAKA INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE
Ir. H.P. Looi
B.Eng (Hons), P.Eng, Jurutera Gas, F.IEM
Contact: [email protected]
Vice President, Malaysia Green Building Confederation
(www.mgbc.org.my)
Contact: [email protected]
Hon Secretary, Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia
(www.acem.com.my)
Contact: [email protected]
Member GreenBuildingIndex Accreditation Panel
(www.greenbuildingindex.org.my)
Contact: [email protected]
http://www.greenbuildingindex.org.my/http://www.greenbuildingindex.org.my/http://www.greenbuildingindex.org.my/http://www.greenbuildingindex.org.my/7/28/2019 GBIT Melaka 3Nov
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3 November [email protected]
Benchmarking Towns for Sustainability
Review of International Benchmarks
GBI Township Sustainability Framework
Key Characteristics of GBI Towns
Implementing Green at Local Authorities
2 CONTENTS GBI TOWNSHIPS
This presentation introduces the GBI Township (GBIT) tool which was launched in March 2011. The
topics start with discussing issues relating to benchmarking communities/townships. A review ofinternational rating tools follows. The GBI Township environmental rating method is reviewed with a
description of criteria. This is followed by a discussion on the key characteristics of a Green
Township. The concluding topic discussed methods for implementing green at the local level.
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3 November [email protected]
Understanding and identifying issues relating to sustainability is a pre requisite for understanding
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Environment
Requires Balancing the three
Pillarsof Sustainability.
4 BENCHMARKING BUILT ENVIRONMENT
3 November [email protected]
A quick recapitulation of sustainability list the Three Pillars which goes beyond just carbon or
energy benchmarks.
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5 BENCHMARKING BUILT ENVIRONMENT
3 November [email protected]
The built environment of more ancient times is reminiscent of being attuned with the environment.
1) The construction of the house using local materials is in tune with the economic and social-cultural norms of the time.
2) The space usage compartmentation not only serves functional needs, but also traditionalcultural-social needs.
3) The timber frames and attap roof present low thermal mass (i.e. do not absorb heat in themidday sun) and present low U-values (thermal conductivity value) thus maintaining a cool
interior all day and night long.
4) The raised flooring and distinctive roof shape maximizes cross-ventilation. At the same time,the space under the floor acts functionally as storage space whilst the distinctive roof shape
provides a distinctive cultural signature.
Thus the traditional house represents a built-environment attuned with its surrounding
economically, culturally and ecologically.
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How are we going to address globalsustainability issues?
Its more than just individual buildings
It requires an integrated approach to addressing
the sustainability of the built environment.
6 BENCHMARKING BUILT ENVIRONMENT
3 November [email protected]
Global issues for communities and townships goes beyond just individual buildings.
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7 BENCHMARKING BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Flooding
Energy
Management
Biodiversity
Social inclusion
Good Design
Sustainable
Communities
Green Economy
Local sourcing
Human Resources
Energy
Congestion
Water use
Open
space
Community impactHuman
Health
Walking
and cycling
Climate change
Crime
Reducing waste
3 November [email protected]
Some of the issues related to communities and townships are listed above.
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3 November [email protected]
A review of Environmental Assessment Methods for certifying communities and townships is
presented in this section.
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Building Research Establishment, Environmental Assessment
Method; BREEAM Community (2009 Pilot Phase)
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
LEED Neighbourhood (2009 Pilot Phase)
Green Mark Singapore; Green Mark District (2009)
Green Building Council Australia
Green Star CommunityConvene 2009, Draft
9 BENCHMARKING BUILT ENVIRONMENT
3 November [email protected]
GBI Township
Dec 2010
A listing of international environmental assessment method is shown above. As will be noted later
from a review of all country-assessment methods, criteria weightages relating to climate/energy,
place shaping (or town planning), connectivity, liveability and materials are country-specific,
compatible and in harmony with the socio-economical, socio-ecological and political-cultural context
of the country of origin of the assessment method.
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Shareholders Value
Market Position
Quality of Life
Community Outreach
Resource Efficiency
Recycle Analysis
Health & Safety
Climate Change
Skilled WorkersEthics and Values
Emission Reduction
Regulatory Compliance
10 BREEAM COMMUNITIES
3 November [email protected]
BREEAM British Research Establishment, Environmental Assessment Method is the earliest
published method for certifying communities. BREEAM is currently beyond pilot (2009). The core
issues defining BREEAM Communities are listed above.
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COMMUNITIES
1 Types of Units;
(a) Domestic,
(b) Mixed Use
(c) Non-Domestic
2 Type of Land Use
(a) New developmentsgreenfield, brownfield and infill projects
(b) Major regeneration projects
(c) Others
3 Size of Development Projects
(a) Small 2 to 9 units
(b) Medium 10 to 499 units
(c) Large up to 5999 units
(d) Bespoke 6000 units and greater
DEVELOPMENT
TYPES
11 BREEAM COMMUNITIES
3 November [email protected]
BREEAM development types are defined before being eligible for registration and certification.
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COMMUNITIES
THE
CATEGORIES
12 BREEAM COMMUNITIES
3 November [email protected]
The categories included in the BREEAM Communities assessment method comprise 8 main criteria
for assessment.
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3 November [email protected]
The weightages assigned to the various criteria illustrate the context for assessing British
communities. It can be noted that BREEAM places very high emphasis on place shaping and
transport. For the British context, revitalising city centres are important issues to consider.
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RATING BENCHMARKS
1 UNCLASSIFIED < 25%
2 PASS > 25% 3 GOOD > 40% 4 VERY GOOD > 55%
5
EXCELLENT > 70%
6 OUTSTANDING > 85%
14 BREEAM COMMUNITIES
3 November [email protected]
All environmental assessment methods are Goal-Based method where projects adopts a menu of
green initiatives (or green-goals). Achieving green-goals score will achieve certification to level
listed above. BREEAM certification starts from a low of 25%.
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social profit
Financialprofit
environment
profit
NEIGHBOURHOOD
15 LEED NEIGHBOUHOOD
3 November [email protected]
LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design) from the USA was launched in 2009 and
currently is an active assessment method for Green Neighbourhood. The core criterias for green -
neighbourhood targets the three pillars of sustainability.
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LEEDS Neighbourhood currently accepts pilot project
for certification.
Principal aim is to improve land-use patterns,
neighbourhood design and technology.
No minimum or maximum project size defined and no
strict definition for what comprise a neighbourhood.
The only requirement is projects must be able to meet
all prerequisites and anticipate the minimum number
of credits achievable.
16 LEED NEIGHBOUHOOD
3 November [email protected]
LEED Neighbourhood do not define acceptable projects for certification, however compliance to
basic pre-requisites defined in the tool will define eligibility.
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LEED NEIGHBORHOOD; SUSTAINABLE URBANISM, NEIGHBORHOOD MORPHOLOGY
3 November [email protected]
The core criteria of place-shaping, linkages & connectivity, diversity define neighbourhood
morphology which is heavily influenced by New Urbanism.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Urbanism
http://www.newurbanism.org
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3 November [email protected]
LEED-Neighbourhood criteria and weightages assigned for assessment are listed above and are
appropriate for the North American socio-economical-ecological context. It should be noted that
LEED places comparatively low weightage on transport at 14% for Transportation and
Connectivity & Bicycle Networks, whilst BREEAM in comparison weights Transport at a hefty 21%.
LEED category of Place Shaping is distributed amongst the 2 categories of Diversity and
Neighbourhood which combine to return a hefty score of 31% against BREEAM 21% for place
shaping. This perhaps illustrate the importance accorded by the North Americans to liveable space
and sustainable space planning concepts which are essential elements of New Urbanism.
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Rating Benchmarks
1 CERTIFIED 40 49 points
2 SILVER 50 59 points
3 GOLD 60 79 points
4 PLATINUM 80 + points
19 LEED NEIGHBOUHOOD
3 November [email protected]
Total scoring requires at least 40 points before achieving certification status. However, the total
points available are around 115. Thus 34.7% is the minimum requirement for achieving certification.
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20 GREEN MARK DISTRICT
GREEN MARK DISTRICT LAUNCHED IN OCTOBER 2009
3 November [email protected]
Whilst Singapore does not have a Township Tool in the context of the Malaysian experience, a
Green Mark District was launched in October 2009.
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21 GREEN MARK DISTRICT
3 November [email protected]
It can be noted that in the Singapore context, criteria relating to communities, transportation,
connectivity etc are not included in the assessment method. The Green Mark District tool can be said
to reduce sustainability to an engineered-problem.
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22 GREEN STAR COMMUNITIES
DRAFT AND REVIEW
Five Key principles for
sustainable communities:
1. Liveability
2. Economic Prosperity
3. Environmental Quality
4. Place Making5. Urban Governance
3 November [email protected]
The Green Star Communities assessment method was mooted in 2009 and is currently still in Draft
stage (for stakeholders consultation). The draft list five main issues for consideration
http://www.gbca.org.au/green-star/green-star-communities/rating-tool/
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3 November [email protected]
The GBI Township (GBIT) Assessment Method was launched on December 2010. Currently 11
projects are registered with the GBIT for Certification. These projects are mostly located in the Klang
Valley with at least one located in Pahang and one in Sabah. These registered projects represent
more than 9,000 acres of property developments (as of September 2011).
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Types of Developments
Applies to housing development and include mixed
developmental types (commercial, industrial).
Fully Residential
Mixed Residential and Commercial
Mixed Residential and Industrial
Mixed Residential, Commercial and Industrial
A sustainable township will require some element ofcommercial development within its boundary for
compliance with "diversity" and "employment and
business" opportunity.
3 November [email protected]
24 GBI TOWNSHIP
The GBIT requires that development must have residential components before it can be eligible for
registration and certification. Mixed development as listed above defines eligibility
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3 November [email protected]
25 GBI TOWNSHIP
Size Descriptor Planning Descriptor Acreage
Min. Max.
Small Small Neighbourhood 20 40
Intermediate Large Neighbourhood 40.1 100
Medium Small Community 100.1 150
Large Large Community 150.1 250
Extra Large Ward/Precinct 250.1 350
Mega Project Ward/Precinct 350.1 500Ward/Precinct 500.1 1,000
Town > 1,000
The smallest development for eligibility is a development of at least 20 acres. The above classification
of development based on size also defines fees payable for GBIT certification.
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3 November [email protected]
26 GBI TOWNSHIP
20 acres approx 500
units terrace houses
40 acres approx 1,000units terrace houses
150 acres approx 3,000
units terrace houses
300 acres approx 6,000units terrace houses
The classification of size and size descriptor can be related to a typical housing development in
Malaysia. The plan above shows a typical development in Puchong, on the outskirt OR at the
peripheral development of Kuala Lumpur.
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3 November [email protected]
27 GBI TOWNSHIP
G B I B ui ld i ng s ( RN C,
N R N C , I E B , N R E B )
STAGE 0
APPLICATION & REGISTRATION
STAGE 1
DESIGN ASSESSMENT
STAGE 2
COMPLETION & VERIFICATION
ASSESSMENT
STAGE 0
APPLICATION & REGISTRATION
STAGE 2
DESIGN ASSESSMENT CONSTRUCTION
STAGE 3
COMPLETION & VERIFICATION
ASSESSMENT
STAGE 1
PLANNING DESIGN ASSESSMENT
RegistrationGBIT
The stages of registration and certification under the GBI scheme are shown above. The GBIT
assessment has an additional stage where Township at planning stage can be certified. Certification
at planning is important as many of the physical infrastructure of a green township (e.g. pedestrian/
cycling networks, diversity, CPTED, green transport network etc) can only be fixed at planning stage.
Implementing such measures AFTER planning will be more difficult and may incur additional cost.
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20
15
CLIMATE, ENERGY & WATER (20)
ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY (15)
COMMUNITY PLANNING & DESIGN (26)
26
14
15
10
TRANSPORTATION & CONNECTIVITY (14)
BUILDING & RESOURCES (15)
BUILDING & INNOVATION (26)
GBI POINTS ALLOCATION CHART ( TOWNSHIP )
3 November [email protected]
28 GBI TOWNSHIP
The weightage assigned to each criterion in the GBIT is listed above. From these criteria, a carbon-
footprint for communities and township assessed can be assigned. As comparison:
Comparison Between Communities Assessment Methods
Criterion / Weightages BREEAM LEED GBIT
(a) Transportation & Connectivity 21% 14% 14%
(b) Place Shaping (Town Planning) 21% 31% 26%
(c) Energy 7.6% 6% 12%
(d) Water & Waste Water Management 5.6% 6% 8%
(e) Ecology & Biodiversity 6% 3.5% 9%
The above list is only a cursory comparison and other criterion for comparison such as Liveability
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3 November [email protected]
29 GBI TOWNSHIP
The detail GBIT manual can be downloaded from the greenbuildingindex website.
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3 November [email protected]
30 GBI TOWNSHIP
Similar to all other GBI assessment tools, the GBIT require achievement of at least 50% green-goals
before certification.
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3 November [email protected]
31 GBI TOWNSHIP
Energy and climate criteria constitute 20% of the total assessment. However other criteria such as
TRC (transportation and Connectivity) and BDR (Building & Resources) particularly BDR8 (green
building) also has strong relation to energy and carbon footprint of a community.
Specialist on energy and water (especially community-based energy/water plants) will be the key
consultants under CEW.
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3 November [email protected]
32 GBI TOWNSHIP
Key consultant for these criteria is the ecologist. In this case, the role of the ecologist (or DOE
consultants) goes beyond just an EIA report. A bio-diversity report is a key requirement of these
criteria. Other specialist consultant is the civil engineer and the infrastructure engineer.
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3 November [email protected]
33 GBI TOWNSHIP
The architect and planner are key consultants in these criteria. Many of the criteria are also cross-
referenced to other criteria especially Transportation and Connectivity (TRC). The last two criteria
require active participation of the resident (CPD10) and the local authority (CPD11).
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34 GBI TOWNSHIP
The transport engineer is a key consultant advising on these criteria. It should be noted that
transportation specialist need to look at Green Transport masterplan which goes beyond the
traditional traffic-impact masterplan. In a Green Transport masterplan mitigation for decreasing
carbon emission from public transportation is achieved by decreasing private car-trips production.
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35 GBI TOWNSHIP
BDR are generally within the management control of the developer. Under these initiatives, global
construction standards can be set as developmental requirements; such as buildings to be designed
to GBI certification, all construction to practice waste management and QLASSIC, low impact material
and regional material etc
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36 GBI TOWNSHIP
Business (BSI-1) accredits points for provision of business plan, priorities or planning thrust which
can provide business and/or employment opportunities to the residents.
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With an understanding of the micro-issues under the GBIT, we can go on to identify key
characteristics of a green township.
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Township Morphology
1. Clustering of amenities (500m rule)
2. Green transport masterplan
3. Economic & Demographic diversity
Community Participation
1. Community Thrusts
2. Governance (Local Authorities)
3. Regional thrusts
Low Carbon Footprint
1. Green & Low Energy Buildings, low impact materials
2. Green transportation; pedestrian priorities
GBIT is developing a carbon metrics for cities.
Liveable Cities
1. CPTED, Heath in Design, Amenities
2. Green Spaces
3. Community diversity
4. Public transportation & pedestrian linkages
5. Business, employment opportunities
38 GBI TOWNSHIP KEY CHARACTERISTICS
The key characteristics of a Green Township can be summarised into 4 characteristics. Each of these
characteristics is mutually supportive and related to the other characteristics.
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GREEN TOWNSHIP BRINGS BACK LIFE INTO URBAN CENTRES
39 GBI TOWNSHIP KEY CHARACTERISTICS
In previous centuries when the
scale of development is tied to
human transport (horse carriage
and walking), cities were designed
to be lived in.
However with cheap transport the
middle class fled to surburbia,
The separation of city and suburbia
is a major generator of traffic.
Surburbia without a city center do
not have a cultural base.
(c) Leon Krierhttp://zakuski.math.utsa.edu/krier/
It is also hoped that the GBIT framework can assist in bringing life back into Urban Centres.
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40 GBI TOWNSHIP KEY CHARACTERISTICS
CPD3 (500m rule), TRC1 (green transport masterplan), TRC3 (facilities for Public Transportation),
TRC4 (Pedestrian Network), TRC5 (Cycling Network) are all interlinked to define township
morphology and connectivity networks.
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41 GBI TOWNSHIP KEY CHARACTERISTICS
CPD 3 (Public Amenities) and TRA1 (Green Transport Masterplan) define location of public amenities
by the 500m rule. These initiatives have some influence from concepts of New Urbanism. The
concept of core neighbourhood amenities within a cluster ofcommunity (20 40 acres) also helps
to define a social-landscape for a community by defining a physical neighbourhood centre.
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42 GBI TOWNSHIP KEY CHARACTERISTICS
TOWNSHIP MORPHOLOGY
Conventional Planning Smart-Code
Suburban DevelopmentCredit: Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company
http://www.smartcodecentral.org/transect.html
The above illustrates a neighbourhood with diversity (CPD8 and CPD9) built-in compared to a
conventional housing development in Malaysia with acres of identical units across the landscape.
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43 GBI TOWNSHIP KEY CHARACTERISTICS
Suburban DevelopmentCredit: Duany Plater-Zyberk & Companyhttp://www.smartcodecentral.org/transect.html
Conventional Planning Smart-Code
The above illustrates a neighbourhood with diversity (CPD8 and CPD9) and core amenities (CPD3
and TRA1) built-in comparison to a conventional housing development in Malaysia with acres of
identical units across the landscape. In the conventional housing estate, the resident will have to
drive out to meet their social, work and shopping needs. Under the GBIT planning requirement these
need to drive out may be lessen (thereby reducing carbon emission impact). Diversity also
contributes to vibrancy in a community thereby enhancing liveability.
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Transport
Manufacturing, Industry
Service & Commercial
Residential
Non-energy
Construction
Mining
Agriculture, Forestry,
Fishery
Public lighting
Total Energy Use (2003, 2010, 2020)
KeTTHA, Lapuran Danida Jan 2005
44 GBI TOWNSHIP KEY CHARACTERISTICS
The pie chart shows energy balance for Malaysia for three years. It illustrates the idea that
transportation constitute up to 40% of total energy use in the national energy balance. Discounting
transportation due to industry and commerce, it can be estimated (ball-park) that energy use (and
therefore carbon emission) accruing in a community will be in the region of 20% to 40% of total
carbon emission.
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URBAN POPULATION:
URBAN POPULATION EXPECTED TO
CONSTITUTE UP TO 80% OF TOTAL
POPULATION BY 2030.
55% FUEL FOR TRANSPORT
45 GBI TOWNSHIP KEY CHARACTERISTICS
A study conducted by CETDEM (http://www.cetdem.org.my/wordpress/) on Malaysian Urban
Household Energy Consumption Pattern indicates that up to 55% of energy use is allocated for
transportation. Urban demographic studies also indicate that up to 80% of the population in
Malaysia will be urban-based by 2030.
Source Department of Statistics Malaysia.
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In achieving the objectives of the Green Transport Masterplan, the planner will use the Table above
to assess reduction in car use. This table list traffic generators.
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This table complements the previous table and list traffic attractors.
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Green Transport Masterplan;
Instead of just traffic impact in terms of generators
and traffic dispersal, traffic studies requires:
1. Reduce Travel by Car
2. Increase utilisation of public transport
3. Availability and Frequency of Public Transport
4. Accessibility and linkages to outside centres
5. Integration of the 4 networks.
48 GBI TOWNSHIP KEY CHARACTERISTICS
TRA-1 (Green Transport Masterplan) which is within the domain of the traffic consultant requires a
change in mind-set. The green transport masterplan goes beyond the traditional traffic impact
masterplan which only focuses on traffic dispersal due to traffic-generators and traffic-attractors.
To reduce intra community car use, the placement of amenities together with other criteria such as
pedestrian/cycling networks, public transport linkages and facilities etc will be part of the Green
Transport Masterplan. To reduce external linkage, the provision or placement of public
transportation hubs will mitigating factors for reduction of private car-trips generation and
attraction. Carbon emission reduction due to measures adopted will be used in calculating
community footprint.
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Planning for the Confluence of FOUR different LINKAGES:
1. Pedestrian
2. Cycling
3. Public Transportation
4. Car Access
Corridors
Green
Blue
Red
49 GBI TOWNSHIP KEY CHARACTERISTICS
Intra-community measures include cycling/pedestrian networks which is linked to public amenities
(CPD3), public transportation networks. The aim is to reduce private car use thereby reducing
community carbon emission levels. The linkages listed above constitute a key signature of a Green
Township contributing towards the characteristics of (1) Township Morphology (2) Low Carbon
community and (3) Liveable Town.
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