GBIT Melaka 3Nov

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Ir. H.P. Looi ([email protected] | [email protected]) 3 November 2011 P a g e 1 | 56

SEMINAR NATIONAL

T E C H N O L O G Y H I J A U

GBI TOWNSHIPFRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT

3 N O V E M B E R 2 0 1 1

MELAKA INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE

Ir. H.P. Looi

B.Eng (Hons), P.Eng, Jurutera Gas, F.IEM

Contact: [email protected]

[email protected]

Vice President, Malaysia Green Building Confederation

(www.mgbc.org.my)


Hon Secretary, Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

(www.acem.com.my)


Member GreenBuildingIndex Accreditation Panel

(www.greenbuildingindex.org.my)

http://www.greenbuildingindex.org.my/http://www.greenbuildingindex.org.my/http://www.greenbuildingindex.org.my/http://www.greenbuildingindex.org.my/


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3 November [email protected]

Benchmarking Towns for Sustainability

Review of International Benchmarks

GBI Township Sustainability Framework

Key Characteristics of GBI Towns

Implementing Green at Local Authorities

2 CONTENTS GBI TOWNSHIPS

This presentation introduces the GBI Township (GBIT) tool which was launched in March 2011. The

topics start with discussing issues relating to benchmarking communities/townships. A review ofinternational rating tools follows. The GBI Township environmental rating method is reviewed with a

description of criteria. This is followed by a discussion on the key characteristics of a Green

Township. The concluding topic discussed methods for implementing green at the local level.

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Understanding and identifying issues relating to sustainability is a pre requisite for understanding

assessment methods for sustainability.__________________________________________________________________________________

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Environment

Requires Balancing the three

Pillarsof Sustainability.

4 BENCHMARKING BUILT ENVIRONMENT


A quick recapitulation of sustainability list the Three Pillars which goes beyond just carbon or

energy benchmarks.

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The built environment of more ancient times is reminiscent of being attuned with the environment.

1) The construction of the house using local materials is in tune with the economic and social-cultural norms of the time.

2) The space usage compartmentation not only serves functional needs, but also traditionalcultural-social needs.

3) The timber frames and attap roof present low thermal mass (i.e. do not absorb heat in themidday sun) and present low U-values (thermal conductivity value) thus maintaining a cool

interior all day and night long.

4) The raised flooring and distinctive roof shape maximizes cross-ventilation. At the same time,the space under the floor acts functionally as storage space whilst the distinctive roof shape

provides a distinctive cultural signature.

Thus the traditional house represents a built-environment attuned with its surrounding

economically, culturally and ecologically.

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How are we going to address globalsustainability issues?

Its more than just individual buildings

It requires an integrated approach to addressing

the sustainability of the built environment.



Global issues for communities and townships goes beyond just individual buildings.

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Flooding

Energy

Management

Biodiversity

Social inclusion

Good Design

Sustainable

Communities

Green Economy

Local sourcing

Human Resources

Energy

Congestion

Water use

Open

space

Community impactHuman

Health

Walking

and cycling

Climate change

Crime

Reducing waste


Some of the issues related to communities and townships are listed above.

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A review of Environmental Assessment Methods for certifying communities and townships is

presented in this section.

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Building Research Establishment, Environmental Assessment

Method; BREEAM Community (2009 Pilot Phase)

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

LEED Neighbourhood (2009 Pilot Phase)

Green Mark Singapore; Green Mark District (2009)

Green Building Council Australia

Green Star CommunityConvene 2009, Draft



GBI Township

Dec 2010

A listing of international environmental assessment method is shown above. As will be noted later

from a review of all country-assessment methods, criteria weightages relating to climate/energy,

place shaping (or town planning), connectivity, liveability and materials are country-specific,

compatible and in harmony with the socio-economical, socio-ecological and political-cultural context

of the country of origin of the assessment method.

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Shareholders Value

Market Position

Quality of Life

Community Outreach

Resource Efficiency

Recycle Analysis

Health & Safety

Climate Change

Skilled WorkersEthics and Values

Emission Reduction

Regulatory Compliance

10 BREEAM COMMUNITIES


BREEAM British Research Establishment, Environmental Assessment Method is the earliest

published method for certifying communities. BREEAM is currently beyond pilot (2009). The core

issues defining BREEAM Communities are listed above.

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COMMUNITIES

1 Types of Units;

(a) Domestic,

(b) Mixed Use

(c) Non-Domestic

2 Type of Land Use

(a) New developmentsgreenfield, brownfield and infill projects

(b) Major regeneration projects

(c) Others

3 Size of Development Projects

(a) Small 2 to 9 units

(b) Medium 10 to 499 units

(c) Large up to 5999 units

(d) Bespoke 6000 units and greater

DEVELOPMENT

TYPES



BREEAM development types are defined before being eligible for registration and certification.

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COMMUNITIES

THE

CATEGORIES



The categories included in the BREEAM Communities assessment method comprise 8 main criteria

for assessment.

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The weightages assigned to the various criteria illustrate the context for assessing British

communities. It can be noted that BREEAM places very high emphasis on place shaping and

transport. For the British context, revitalising city centres are important issues to consider.

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RATING BENCHMARKS

1 UNCLASSIFIED < 25%

2 PASS > 25% 3 GOOD > 40% 4 VERY GOOD > 55%

5

EXCELLENT > 70%

6 OUTSTANDING > 85%



All environmental assessment methods are Goal-Based method where projects adopts a menu of

green initiatives (or green-goals). Achieving green-goals score will achieve certification to level

listed above. BREEAM certification starts from a low of 25%.

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social profit

Financialprofit

environment

profit

NEIGHBOURHOOD

15 LEED NEIGHBOUHOOD


LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design) from the USA was launched in 2009 and

currently is an active assessment method for Green Neighbourhood. The core criterias for green -

neighbourhood targets the three pillars of sustainability.

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LEEDS Neighbourhood currently accepts pilot project

for certification.

Principal aim is to improve land-use patterns,

neighbourhood design and technology.

No minimum or maximum project size defined and no

strict definition for what comprise a neighbourhood.

The only requirement is projects must be able to meet

all prerequisites and anticipate the minimum number

of credits achievable.



LEED Neighbourhood do not define acceptable projects for certification, however compliance to

basic pre-requisites defined in the tool will define eligibility.

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LEED NEIGHBORHOOD; SUSTAINABLE URBANISM, NEIGHBORHOOD MORPHOLOGY


The core criteria of place-shaping, linkages & connectivity, diversity define neighbourhood

morphology which is heavily influenced by New Urbanism.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Urbanism

http://www.newurbanism.org

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LEED-Neighbourhood criteria and weightages assigned for assessment are listed above and are

appropriate for the North American socio-economical-ecological context. It should be noted that

LEED places comparatively low weightage on transport at 14% for Transportation and

Connectivity & Bicycle Networks, whilst BREEAM in comparison weights Transport at a hefty 21%.

LEED category of Place Shaping is distributed amongst the 2 categories of Diversity and

Neighbourhood which combine to return a hefty score of 31% against BREEAM 21% for place

shaping. This perhaps illustrate the importance accorded by the North Americans to liveable space

and sustainable space planning concepts which are essential elements of New Urbanism.

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Rating Benchmarks

1 CERTIFIED 40 49 points

2 SILVER 50 59 points

3 GOLD 60 79 points

4 PLATINUM 80 + points



Total scoring requires at least 40 points before achieving certification status. However, the total

points available are around 115. Thus 34.7% is the minimum requirement for achieving certification.

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20 GREEN MARK DISTRICT

GREEN MARK DISTRICT LAUNCHED IN OCTOBER 2009


Whilst Singapore does not have a Township Tool in the context of the Malaysian experience, a

Green Mark District was launched in October 2009.

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21 GREEN MARK DISTRICT


It can be noted that in the Singapore context, criteria relating to communities, transportation,

connectivity etc are not included in the assessment method. The Green Mark District tool can be said

to reduce sustainability to an engineered-problem.

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22 GREEN STAR COMMUNITIES

DRAFT AND REVIEW

Five Key principles for

sustainable communities:

1. Liveability

2. Economic Prosperity

3. Environmental Quality

4. Place Making5. Urban Governance


The Green Star Communities assessment method was mooted in 2009 and is currently still in Draft

stage (for stakeholders consultation). The draft list five main issues for consideration

http://www.gbca.org.au/green-star/green-star-communities/rating-tool/

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The GBI Township (GBIT) Assessment Method was launched on December 2010. Currently 11

projects are registered with the GBIT for Certification. These projects are mostly located in the Klang

Valley with at least one located in Pahang and one in Sabah. These registered projects represent

more than 9,000 acres of property developments (as of September 2011).

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Types of Developments

Applies to housing development and include mixed

developmental types (commercial, industrial).

Fully Residential

Mixed Residential and Commercial

Mixed Residential and Industrial

Mixed Residential, Commercial and Industrial

A sustainable township will require some element ofcommercial development within its boundary for

compliance with "diversity" and "employment and

business" opportunity.


24 GBI TOWNSHIP

The GBIT requires that development must have residential components before it can be eligible for

registration and certification. Mixed development as listed above defines eligibility

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25 GBI TOWNSHIP

Size Descriptor Planning Descriptor Acreage

Min. Max.

Small Small Neighbourhood 20 40

Intermediate Large Neighbourhood 40.1 100

Medium Small Community 100.1 150

Large Large Community 150.1 250

Extra Large Ward/Precinct 250.1 350

Mega Project Ward/Precinct 350.1 500Ward/Precinct 500.1 1,000

Town > 1,000

The smallest development for eligibility is a development of at least 20 acres. The above classification

of development based on size also defines fees payable for GBIT certification.

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26 GBI TOWNSHIP

20 acres approx 500

units terrace houses

40 acres approx 1,000units terrace houses

150 acres approx 3,000

units terrace houses

300 acres approx 6,000units terrace houses

The classification of size and size descriptor can be related to a typical housing development in

Malaysia. The plan above shows a typical development in Puchong, on the outskirt OR at the

peripheral development of Kuala Lumpur.

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27 GBI TOWNSHIP

G B I B ui ld i ng s ( RN C,

N R N C , I E B , N R E B )

STAGE 0

APPLICATION & REGISTRATION

STAGE 1

DESIGN ASSESSMENT

STAGE 2

COMPLETION & VERIFICATION

ASSESSMENT

STAGE 0

APPLICATION & REGISTRATION

STAGE 2

DESIGN ASSESSMENT CONSTRUCTION

STAGE 3

COMPLETION & VERIFICATION

ASSESSMENT

STAGE 1

PLANNING DESIGN ASSESSMENT

RegistrationGBIT

The stages of registration and certification under the GBI scheme are shown above. The GBIT

assessment has an additional stage where Township at planning stage can be certified. Certification

at planning is important as many of the physical infrastructure of a green township (e.g. pedestrian/

cycling networks, diversity, CPTED, green transport network etc) can only be fixed at planning stage.

Implementing such measures AFTER planning will be more difficult and may incur additional cost.

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20

15

CLIMATE, ENERGY & WATER (20)

ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY (15)

COMMUNITY PLANNING & DESIGN (26)

26

14

15

10

TRANSPORTATION & CONNECTIVITY (14)

BUILDING & RESOURCES (15)

BUILDING & INNOVATION (26)

GBI POINTS ALLOCATION CHART ( TOWNSHIP )


28 GBI TOWNSHIP

The weightage assigned to each criterion in the GBIT is listed above. From these criteria, a carbon-

footprint for communities and township assessed can be assigned. As comparison:

Comparison Between Communities Assessment Methods

Criterion / Weightages BREEAM LEED GBIT

(a) Transportation & Connectivity 21% 14% 14%

(b) Place Shaping (Town Planning) 21% 31% 26%

(c) Energy 7.6% 6% 12%

(d) Water & Waste Water Management 5.6% 6% 8%

(e) Ecology & Biodiversity 6% 3.5% 9%

The above list is only a cursory comparison and other criterion for comparison such as Liveability

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29 GBI TOWNSHIP

The detail GBIT manual can be downloaded from the greenbuildingindex website.

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30 GBI TOWNSHIP

Similar to all other GBI assessment tools, the GBIT require achievement of at least 50% green-goals

before certification.

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31 GBI TOWNSHIP

Energy and climate criteria constitute 20% of the total assessment. However other criteria such as

TRC (transportation and Connectivity) and BDR (Building & Resources) particularly BDR8 (green

building) also has strong relation to energy and carbon footprint of a community.

Specialist on energy and water (especially community-based energy/water plants) will be the key

consultants under CEW.

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32 GBI TOWNSHIP

Key consultant for these criteria is the ecologist. In this case, the role of the ecologist (or DOE

consultants) goes beyond just an EIA report. A bio-diversity report is a key requirement of these

criteria. Other specialist consultant is the civil engineer and the infrastructure engineer.

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33 GBI TOWNSHIP

The architect and planner are key consultants in these criteria. Many of the criteria are also cross-

referenced to other criteria especially Transportation and Connectivity (TRC). The last two criteria

require active participation of the resident (CPD10) and the local authority (CPD11).

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34 GBI TOWNSHIP

The transport engineer is a key consultant advising on these criteria. It should be noted that

transportation specialist need to look at Green Transport masterplan which goes beyond the

traditional traffic-impact masterplan. In a Green Transport masterplan mitigation for decreasing

carbon emission from public transportation is achieved by decreasing private car-trips production.

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35 GBI TOWNSHIP

BDR are generally within the management control of the developer. Under these initiatives, global

construction standards can be set as developmental requirements; such as buildings to be designed

to GBI certification, all construction to practice waste management and QLASSIC, low impact material

and regional material etc

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36 GBI TOWNSHIP

Business (BSI-1) accredits points for provision of business plan, priorities or planning thrust which

can provide business and/or employment opportunities to the residents.

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With an understanding of the micro-issues under the GBIT, we can go on to identify key

characteristics of a green township.

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Township Morphology

1. Clustering of amenities (500m rule)

2. Green transport masterplan

3. Economic & Demographic diversity

Community Participation

1. Community Thrusts

2. Governance (Local Authorities)

3. Regional thrusts

Low Carbon Footprint

1. Green & Low Energy Buildings, low impact materials

2. Green transportation; pedestrian priorities

GBIT is developing a carbon metrics for cities.

Liveable Cities

1. CPTED, Heath in Design, Amenities

2. Green Spaces

3. Community diversity

4. Public transportation & pedestrian linkages

5. Business, employment opportunities

38 GBI TOWNSHIP KEY CHARACTERISTICS

The key characteristics of a Green Township can be summarised into 4 characteristics. Each of these

characteristics is mutually supportive and related to the other characteristics.

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GREEN TOWNSHIP BRINGS BACK LIFE INTO URBAN CENTRES


In previous centuries when the

scale of development is tied to

human transport (horse carriage

and walking), cities were designed

to be lived in.

However with cheap transport the

middle class fled to surburbia,

The separation of city and suburbia

is a major generator of traffic.

Surburbia without a city center do

not have a cultural base.

(c) Leon Krierhttp://zakuski.math.utsa.edu/krier/

It is also hoped that the GBIT framework can assist in bringing life back into Urban Centres.

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CPD3 (500m rule), TRC1 (green transport masterplan), TRC3 (facilities for Public Transportation),

TRC4 (Pedestrian Network), TRC5 (Cycling Network) are all interlinked to define township

morphology and connectivity networks.

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CPD 3 (Public Amenities) and TRA1 (Green Transport Masterplan) define location of public amenities

by the 500m rule. These initiatives have some influence from concepts of New Urbanism. The

concept of core neighbourhood amenities within a cluster ofcommunity (20 40 acres) also helps

to define a social-landscape for a community by defining a physical neighbourhood centre.

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TOWNSHIP MORPHOLOGY

Conventional Planning Smart-Code

Suburban DevelopmentCredit: Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company

http://www.smartcodecentral.org/transect.html

The above illustrates a neighbourhood with diversity (CPD8 and CPD9) built-in compared to a

conventional housing development in Malaysia with acres of identical units across the landscape.

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Suburban DevelopmentCredit: Duany Plater-Zyberk & Companyhttp://www.smartcodecentral.org/transect.html

Conventional Planning Smart-Code

The above illustrates a neighbourhood with diversity (CPD8 and CPD9) and core amenities (CPD3

and TRA1) built-in comparison to a conventional housing development in Malaysia with acres of

identical units across the landscape. In the conventional housing estate, the resident will have to

drive out to meet their social, work and shopping needs. Under the GBIT planning requirement these

need to drive out may be lessen (thereby reducing carbon emission impact). Diversity also

contributes to vibrancy in a community thereby enhancing liveability.

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Transport

Manufacturing, Industry

Service & Commercial

Residential

Non-energy

Construction

Mining

Agriculture, Forestry,

Fishery

Public lighting

Total Energy Use (2003, 2010, 2020)

KeTTHA, Lapuran Danida Jan 2005


The pie chart shows energy balance for Malaysia for three years. It illustrates the idea that

transportation constitute up to 40% of total energy use in the national energy balance. Discounting

transportation due to industry and commerce, it can be estimated (ball-park) that energy use (and

therefore carbon emission) accruing in a community will be in the region of 20% to 40% of total

carbon emission.

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URBAN POPULATION:

URBAN POPULATION EXPECTED TO

CONSTITUTE UP TO 80% OF TOTAL

POPULATION BY 2030.

55% FUEL FOR TRANSPORT


A study conducted by CETDEM (http://www.cetdem.org.my/wordpress/) on Malaysian Urban

Household Energy Consumption Pattern indicates that up to 55% of energy use is allocated for

transportation. Urban demographic studies also indicate that up to 80% of the population in

Malaysia will be urban-based by 2030.

Source Department of Statistics Malaysia.
http://www.cetdem.org.my/wordpress/http://www.cetdem.org.my/wordpress/http://www.cetdem.org.my/wordpress/http://www.cetdem.org.my/wordpress/


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In achieving the objectives of the Green Transport Masterplan, the planner will use the Table above

to assess reduction in car use. This table list traffic generators.

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This table complements the previous table and list traffic attractors.

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Green Transport Masterplan;

Instead of just traffic impact in terms of generators

and traffic dispersal, traffic studies requires:

1. Reduce Travel by Car

2. Increase utilisation of public transport

3. Availability and Frequency of Public Transport

4. Accessibility and linkages to outside centres

5. Integration of the 4 networks.


TRA-1 (Green Transport Masterplan) which is within the domain of the traffic consultant requires a

change in mind-set. The green transport masterplan goes beyond the traditional traffic impact

masterplan which only focuses on traffic dispersal due to traffic-generators and traffic-attractors.

To reduce intra community car use, the placement of amenities together with other criteria such as

pedestrian/cycling networks, public transport linkages and facilities etc will be part of the Green

Transport Masterplan. To reduce external linkage, the provision or placement of public

transportation hubs will mitigating factors for reduction of private car-trips generation and

attraction. Carbon emission reduction due to measures adopted will be used in calculating

community footprint.

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Planning for the Confluence of FOUR different LINKAGES:

1. Pedestrian

2. Cycling

3. Public Transportation

4. Car Access

Corridors

Green

Blue

Red


Intra-community measures include cycling/pedestrian networks which is linked to public amenities

(CPD3), public transportation networks. The aim is to reduce private car use thereby reducing

community carbon emission levels. The linkages listed above constitute a key signature of a Green

Township contributing towards the characteristics of (1) Township Morphology (2) Low Carbon

community and (3) Liveable Town.

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Documents

GBIT Melaka 3Nov