1. Ngun nng lng t nhin v tnh trng s dng. 2. Nhng ngun nng lng thay th hin nay 2.1. Nng lng ht nhn 2.2. Nng lng nc ( Thu nng ) 2.3. Nng lng gi ( Phong nng ) 2.4. Nng lng mt tri ( Quang nng ) 2.5. Nng lng a nhit 2.6. Nng lng thu triu 3.Kt lun1. Nhng ngun nng lng c s dng v tnh trng.Ngun nng lng t nhin l ngun nng lng thu c t nhng ngun gm 3 dng :Than ( coal ), Du m ( oil ) v Kh t nhin ( Natural gas ).u th k 21, Nng lng ha thch ( Dng nng lng hnh thnh hng triu nm trc t xc cc loi ng thc vt ) cung cp hn 85% tng nng lng tiu th ton cu. M, hai phn ba lng in nng hin nay l t vic t chy cc ngun nhin liu ha thch nh than , du m v kh t nhin.Theo s liu thng k nhng hot ng thi ra mi trng trn di 2,3 t tn co2 vo nm 1999. Hn 150 nm qua, c chng 245 t tn co2 c thi ra khng kh bng vic t chy cc nhin liu ha thch.Nhin liu ha thch cung cp nng lng cho nhng phng tin giao thng, cc nh my cng nghip v sn sinh ra in nng phc v i sng con ngi.Tuy nhin, s tn tr cc ngun nhin liu ny l v cng hn ch . c rt nhiu d on c a ra rng, vi tc tiu th nng lng ton cu hin nay th tr lng du v kh t nhin s thng xuyn nm trn st gim mnh trong sut th k 21.Than , ngun nhin liu ha thch c tr lng ln hn du v kh t nhin, th li l mt trong nhng tc nhn gy ra s nng ln ton cu.

Bng thng k s tiu th nhin liu t nhin.2. Nhng ngun nng lng thay th hin nayTrong khi cc nhin liu t nhin ngy cng cn kit, s nhim mi trng, nng ln ton cu , con ngi tm ra nhng ngun nguyn liu mi ht sc phong ph v v tn. Bao gm:

2.1 Nng lng ht nhnNng lng ht nhn l ngun nng lng thay th c c bng mt trong hai cch: Phn r ht nhn cc nguyn t hoc kt hp ht nhn cc nguyn t.

Nh my in ht nhnD l cch no trong hai phng php trn th u mang li ngun nng lng khng l. Nh my in ht nhn s dng l phn ng ht nhn, trong xy ra s phn tch cc nguyn t uranium hoc plutonium. Nhit nng gii phng t phn ng phn hch c thu li v c s dng sn sinh ra in nng

S phn r ht nhn. Mc d nng lng ht nhn l dng nng lng sch, r tin v tng i an ton,nhng vn ang dy ln mi quan ngi su sc vi kha cnh mt an ton m vic xy dng v vn hnh cc nh my in ht nhn em ti.Nhng s c ti cc nh my in ht nhn nh Three Miles Island, Pennsylvania nm 1979 hay Chernobyl, Ukraine nm 1986 thi ra bu khng kh mt lng ln cht phng x. Thm vo , vn x l rc thi phng x mt cch an ton cng cn c quan tm mt cch ng mc.N nh my in ht nhn2.2 Nng lng nc ( Thu nng )Nng lng t cc dng nc lu ng l mt gii php sn sinh in nng sch v hiu qu.Nc trn xung t p nh my thu in lm quay tuc bin ni vi my pht in. Nng lng sn sinh ra sau c phn b ti nhng mng li in ln, phc v i sng con ngi. Canada, M v Brazil hin ang l 3 quc gia dn u th gii v sn lng in t thu nngnh my thu in

Mc du em li nhng li ch to ln, nhng vic xy dng cc con p cho nhng nh my thu in li nh hng su sc ti mi trng xung quanh.Hn hn vng di thy in

L do l cc con p ny gy ngp ng cho cc vng t pha trn cng nh ph v dng chy t nhin ca cc ngun nc bn di nn mng ca chng. iu ny ng nhin s tc ng n h sinh thi v gy nn nhng hu qu kh c th lng trc c.2.3 Nng lng gi ( Phong nng )Phong nng l mt trong nhng hnh thc s dng nng lng c hnh thnh sm nht ca con ngi.Tua bin giCu to ca tua bin giVo u th k 20, rt nhiu nng trang s dng ci xay gi bm nc v pht in. Ngy nay, c coi nh l mt ngun nng lng thay th, phong nng v ang c khai thc bi cc nh my in hin i, vi nhng b l cnh tuc bin nh hn v hot ng hiu qu hn. M, ti nhng tiu bang nh California, Oregon hay Montana, vi trm my pht in sc gi c hot ng ng thi trn nhng vng t trng tri v c gi mnh thi qua.Mt nh my in t sc gi ln c th cung cp in nng s dng cho vi nghn h dn ti M mi nm.Vi nhng cng ngh mi c pht trin cho mc ch tng hiu nng khai thc, nng lng gi l dng nng lng thay th sch, r, h a hn v v cng di do cho tng lai.2.4 Nng lng mt tri ( Quang nng )Nng lng mt tri l ngun nng lng t nhin khng gy nhim v v cng di do. Ngun quang nng ny c th c s dng si m cc ta nh, un nng nc hoc sn sinh ra in nng. Pin mt tricu to pin mt tri

Tuy nhin, hn ch ca n l s kh khn trong vic thu thp nh sng mt tri vo nhng ngy thi tit my m, v bn cnh l chi ph sn xut cn kh cao.C hai loi h thng my nng lng mt tri, l h thng ch ng v h thng th ng. H thng th ng thu thp v lu gi nng lng mt tri v chnh vt liu, cu trc thit k ca n.Hin nay, nh sng mt tri cn c hp th v chuyn trc tip thnh in nng nh s ra i ca pin mt tri.Pin mt tri l s kt hp ca cc pin c thit k to ra mt in p nh s chuyn i trc tip t nh sng thnh in khi tip xc vi ngun sng.Pin mt tri c s dng trong v tinh v tr hay trong ng h eo tay hoc my tnh b ti. Nhng tm pin mt tri hin cng c lp ti nhng ngn hi ng, thuyn b hay nhng ngi nh cc vng ho lnh.2.5 Nng lng a nhita nhit nng l dng nng lng t nhin sn sinh ra t lng t v gii phng ra ngoi nh hot ng ca cc ni la, sui nc nng hay ging phun khp ni trn th gii. Ngun nng lng a nhitnh my nng lng a nhit

Cc ngun nc nng hoc hi ngm di lng t c th c tip cn nh vic khoan su qua tng . Nc c hm nng t nhin c th c s dng lm nng cc ta nh, trong khi hi lm quay tu c bin trong nh my nhitNng lng a nhit l ngun nng lng thay th quan trng ti nhng ni c hot ng a nhit mnh m, nh mt phn ca M, Ai x len hoc .in.Khng ging nh nng lng mt tri hay nng lng gi, vic s dng nng lng a nhit c th mang li nhng tc ng khng tt n mi trng.Nhng thnh phn ha hc trong hi nc nng gp ph n khng nh lm nhim khng kh, bn cnh hi nc nng t cc ging phun kt hp vi nc c th cha cc mui khng ha tan n mn h thng ng hoc gy hi cho h sinh thi di nc.2.6 Nng lng thu triuS ln xung ca thu triu tim n trong n mt lng nng lng khng l c th c s dng sn sinh ra in. Nh my nng lng thy triu

Tuy nhin, chiu cao ti thiu gia t thu triu cao nht v thp nht nhm mc ch khai thc l 6 mt, v thc t l c rt t ni trn th gii t c tiu ch ny. Cng nh p nc trong nh my thu in, nh my in thu triu c nhng tuc bin quay khi sng trn vo t ca vnh hay ca sng, lm chy my pht in.

Nhn xtMt thc t khng th trnh khi ang din ra l nhu cu nng lng cho nhng nn cng nghip ang pht trin cng nh cc x hi tn tin pht trin lin tc tng, do s chuyn hng s dng sang nhng ngun nng lng thay th trong tng lai tr thnh tt yu.Gi gn nhng ngun nng lng hin c v s dng chng mt cch hiu qu l gii php kt hp gii quyt trit vn nng lng, mt vn mang tnh cp thit cathi ingy nay.THE END