g]kfn ;/sf/ s[lif lasf; dGqfno
s[lif laefu
;fgf tyf demf}nf s[ifs cfo:t/ a[l4 cfof]hgf g]kfnuFh, afFs]
( ADB Grant 0233-NEP)
s[lif Aoj;fo cg'bfg pkcfof]hgf Aoj:yfkg xft] k'l:tsf
h]7, @)&!
i
b'O{ zAb g]kfn ;/sf/ / PlzofnL ljsf; a}Í aLr !^ dfr{ @)!! df ePsf] ;Demf}tf eO{ PlzofnL ljsf; a}Íaf6 k|fKt @)=!) ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/ cg'bfg ;xof]udf o; ;fgf tyf demf}nf s[ifs cfo:t/ a[l4 cfof]hgf ;~rfngdf 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] d'Vo sfo{sf/L lgsfosf] ?kdf s[lif ljsf; dGqfno (MoAD) /x]sf] 5 eg] s[lif ljefu (DoA), g]kfn /fi6« a}Í (NRB) / g]kfn pBf]u afl0fHo dxf;+3 (FNCCI) sf] s[lif pBd s]Gb| (AEC) k|d'v ;fem]bf/ Pj+ sfof{Gjog lgsfosf] ?kdf /x]sf 5g . o; cfof]hgfsf] df ;DkGg x'g]5 . dWo tyf ;'b"/–klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf !) lhNnfx? -dWo–klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf] – afFs], alb{of, bfË, b}n]v / ;'v]{t tyf ;'b"/–klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf] – s}nfnL, 8f]6L, 88]Nw'/f, a}t8L / bfr{'nf_ sfo{If]q /x]sf] o; cfof]hgfsf] cjwL ^ jif{ -!$ h'g @)!! b]lv #) h'g @)!*_ /x]sf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfn] dWo tyf ;'b"/–klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf !) lhNnfdf ;fgf tyf demf}nf s[ifsx?sf] Aofkf/÷Aoj;fosf] ahf/ hf]lvd 36fpgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofO{ pRr d"No s[lif j:t'sf] Joj;flossLs/0f tyf ljljlws/0f dfkm{t ul/aL Go"gLs/0f ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] nIo cg'?k cfof]hgfaf6 !&,*)) s[ifs 3/w'/L k|ToIf ?kdf nfeflGjt x'g]5g\ . pRr d"No s[lif j:t' pTkfbg tyf d"No >[+vnf ljsf;df s[ifsnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{, s/f/ v]tLsf] ;+:yfut ljsf;df 6]jf k'/\ofpg', d"No >[+vnf ljsf;df s[ifs ;xeflutfsf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug'{, n}lËs hfu?stfsf] ljsf; ug'{ tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ngsf ljsNk tyf /0fgLltx?df ;xof]u k'/\ofpg' o; cfof]hgfsf p2]Zox? x'g\ .
pNn]lvt nIo tyf p2]Zox? xfl;nsf nflu xfn;Dd o; cfof]hgfaf6 kfOn6 sn / k|ydsn u/L hDdf %$ j6f pkcfof]hgfx?;Fu lqkIfLo ;Demf}tf eO{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . cfof]hgfaf6 cfx\jfg ul/Psf] bf];|f] sn dfkm{t k|fKt #($ pkcfof]hgfx?sf] 5gf}6 k|s[of klg hf/L /x]sf] 5 . o;/L cfof]hgfaf6 cg'bfg k|fKt u/]sf pkcfof]hgfx?sf] Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u k'/\ofpg] p2]Zon] ldlt @)&!÷)@÷@& sf] cfof]hgf lgb]{zg ;ldltaf6 cg'df]lbt s[lif Aoj;fo cg'bfg pkcfof]hgf Aoj:yfkg lgb]{lzsfnfO{ cfwf/ dflg o; s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg pkcfof]hgf Joj:yfkg k'l:tsf, @)&! -h]i7_ k|sfzgdf NofOPsf] 5 . o; k'l:tsf k|sfzgsf] d"Vo p2]Zo pkcfof]hgf ;+rfngdf ;+nUg cg'bfgu|fxLnfO{ pkcfof]hgfsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg' /x]sf] 5 . o; k'l:tsfn] pkcfof]hgfsf] cBfjlws ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ lgb]{zg lbg], pkcfof]hgfsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u ug]{ tyf pkcfof]hgf cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/ to ug]{ ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .
cGtdf k|:tfljt s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg pkcfof]hgf Joj:yfkg lgb]{zLsfnfO{ cd"No ;'emfj ;lxt :jLs[t ul/lbg'x'g] cfof]hgf lgb]{zg ;ldltsf cWoIf Pj+ s[lif ljsf; dGqfnosf >Ldfg\ ;lrj >L ho d's'Gb vgfnHo" nufot lgb]{zg ;ldltsf ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/L k|lt xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{5' . k'l:tsf tyf ;Dkfbgsf] qmddf d]x]gt ug'{x'g] cfof]hgfsf ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lx?,
ii
k/fdz{bftfx? tyf cfjZos ;xof]u ug'{x'g] ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo tyf dxfg'efjx?nfO{ wGojfb 1fkg ug{ rfxG5' . of] k'l:tsf k|yd k6s tof/ ul/Psf]n] o;sf] lg/Gt/ ;'wf/sf] nfuL pkcfof]hgf ;~rfns nufot ;Dk"0f{ kf7s au{sf] cd'No ;'emfj / ;Nnfxsf] ;b}a ck]Iff Pj+ :jfut ub{5' .
@)&!, cfiff9 uf]s0f{/fh cof{n
cfof]hgf lgb]{zs
iii
iv
ljifo ;"rL != kl/ro ........................................................................................................................................................... 1
!=! k[i7e"dL ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
!=@ ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf tyf ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] e"ldsf (Role of Partner Organizations and Service Providers) ................... 1
!=@=! s[lif pBd s]Gb| (Agro-Enterprise Center) ................................................................................................... 2
!=@=@ g]kfn /fi6« a}Í (Nepal Rashtra Bank) ......................................................................................................... 3
!=@=# g]b/n}08 ljsf; ;xof]u lgof]u (SNV) g]kfn ...................................................................................................... 4
!=@=$ /fli6«o ;]jf k|bfos -/fli6«o :t/sf] u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf_ (National NGO) .................................................................. 5
!=@=% ljkGg tyf lk5l8Psf s[ifsx?sf nflu ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf -u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf_ (NGO for DGMF) ................................. 5
!=@=^ :yflgo ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf -:yflgo÷lhNnf :t/Lo u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf_ (Local/District NGO) ........................................ 6
!=@=& lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no (District Agriculture Development Office-DADO) ............................................ 6
!=@=* g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ (Nepal Agriculture Research Council-NARC) .................................................. 7
!=@=( ;xsf/L ljefu (Department of Cooperatives) ............................................................................................ 7
!=# cg'bfg k|s[of (The Grant Making Process) .................................................................................................. 7
!=#=$ of]Uotf (Eligibility) ................................................................................................................................ 10
!=#=^= cg'bfgsf ju{x? (Grant Categories) ......................................................................................................... 12
!=#=&= cg'bfgsf] k|sf/÷;xof]usf If]qx? (Types of Grant/Support Areas) ............................................................... 13
@= p2]Zo.......................................................................................................................................................... 14
#= pkcfof]hgf ;+emf}tfsf] hfgsf/L .......................................................................................................................... 14
#= pkcfof]hgf sfof{no :yfkgf .............................................................................................................................. 15
$= pkcfof]hgf :yndf xf]l8{Ë af]8{ /fVg] M ................................................................................................................. 15
%= pkcfof]hgfsf] cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L ....................................................................................................................... 16
%=! kl/ro ................................................................................................................................................... 16
%=@= p2]Zo ................................................................................................................................................... 16
%=#= pkcfof]hgfsf d"Vo ls|ofsnfkx? ................................................................................................................. 16
v
%=$= pkcfof]hgfsf] sf]z] 9'+uf ............................................................................................................................ 16
%=%;+nUg ;b:ox?sf] ljj/0f M ........................................................................................................................... 16
%=^ ;+nUg ;b:ox?sf] cfwf/ cj:yf .................................................................................................................... 17
%=&=kmfd{ cf}hf/ tyf k|ljlw k|of]usf] cfwf/ cj:yf ................................................................................................... 17
^= pkcfof]hgf ;~rfns ;ldltsf] u7g ................................................................................................................... 17
&= ;~rfns ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] sfo{ lhDd]jf/L tf]Sg] ................................................................................................. 17
*= v/Lb ;ldltsf] u7g ug]{M.................................................................................................................................. 18
(= v/Lb -cfk'lt{_ of]hgf tof/ ug]{ .......................................................................................................................... 18
!)= v/Lb cfb]z k|fKt ug]{ ..................................................................................................................................... 18
!!= v/Lb ug]{M ................................................................................................................................................... 18
!@= jfnL kfqf] jf k|;f]wg, jhfl/s/0f sfo{ of]hgf tof/ ug]{ ........................................................................................... 20
!#= v/Lb ul/Psf] ;fdu|Lsf] clen]v /fVg]M ................................................................................................................. 20
!$= ;fdu|L vr{ jf k|of]usf] clen]v /fVg] ................................................................................................................ 21
!%= >d kl/rfng ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ ......................................................................................................................... 21
!^= jflif{s pTkfbg tyf laqmL ljt/0fsf] clen]v /fVg] .................................................................................................. 22
!&= n]vfkfng ................................................................................................................................................... 22
!&=!= vr{ /sd juL{s/0f / /sd vr{ ug]{ tl/sf ..................................................................................................... 22
!&=@= cg'bfg /sd hDdf ug]{ ............................................................................................................................ 22
!&=#= a}+ssf] zfvf÷k|zfvf glhs gePsf] 7fpFdf s] ug]{ < .......................................................................................... 24
!&=$= gubL /;Lb .......................................................................................................................................... 24
!&=%= ef}r/sf] k|of]u ....................................................................................................................................... 25
!&=^= cfDbfgL÷vr{ vftf .................................................................................................................................. 26
!*= vr{ / cfDbfgLsf] ljj/0f /fVg] .......................................................................................................................... 28
!(= pkcfof]hgf k|ult k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ .................................................................................................................. 28
@)= pkcfof]hgf cg'udg ..................................................................................................................................... 29
vi
@!= pkcfof]hgfsf] n]vf k/LIf0f u/fpg] .................................................................................................................... 29
@@= ;fj{hlgs ;'gfO{/;dLIff .................................................................................................................................. 29
@@=!=pkcfof]hgfsf] ;fj{hlgs ;dLIff ljlw ............................................................................................................ 30
@@=@= ;fj{hlgs ;dLIff k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{ ......................................................................................................... 31
@#= cfuGt's k'l:tsf /fVg] ................................................................................................................................ 31
@$= e'QmfgL k|s[of .............................................................................................................................................. 31
@%= sfo{lalw ;+;f]wg ........................................................................................................................................... 32
cg';"rL !M xf]l8{+u af]8{sf] gd"gf .............................................................................................................................. 33
cg';"rL @M pk cfof]hgfsf] sf]z]9'Ëf ljj/0f ................................................................................................................ 34
cg';"rL #M pk cfof]hgfdf ;+nUg ;b:ox?sf] ljj/0f .................................................................................................... 35
cg';"rL *M jfnL kfqf] .......................................................................................................................................... 43
cg';"rL (M k|;f]wg÷jhf/Ls/0f of]hgf ...................................................................................................................... 44
cg';"rL !)M ;fdfg bflvnf clen]v ......................................................................................................................... 45
cg';"rL !!MlhG;L ;fdu|L vr{sf] ljj/0f .................................................................................................................... 47
cg';"rL !@M vr{ eP/ ghfg] ;fdu|Lsf] ljj/0f ............................................................................................................. 48
cg'';"rL !#M d]lzg, cf}hf/, pks/0f / ;'ljwf k|of]usf] cj:yf .......................................................................................... 49
cg';"rL !$M k|of]u x'g] :yL/ ;fdfg sf] clen]v ........................................................................................................... 50
cg';"rL !%M >d kl/rfngsf] ljj/0f ........................................................................................................................ 51
cg';"rL !^M jflif{s pTkfbg tyf laqmL ljt/0fsf] clen]v -cg'bfg ju{ ! / @_M ..................................................................... 52
cg';"rL !&M= jflif{s k|;f]wg tyf jhf/Ls/0f ljj/0f -cg'bfg ju{ @ / #_M ............................................................................ 53
cg';"rL !*M cfDbfgL / vr{ ljj/0f .......................................................................................................................... 54
cg';"rL !(M pkcfof]hgfsf] ef}lts k|ult k|ltj]bg ........................................................................................................ 56
cg';"rL @)M pkcfof]hgfsf] ljlQo k|ult k|ltj]bg ........................................................................................................ 57
cg';"rL @!M ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ k|ltj]bg ..................................................................................................................... 60
cg';"rL @@M cfuGt's÷cg'udgstf{x?sf] clen]v ......................................................................................................... 62
vii
cg';'rL @#M ls:tf /sd dfu ug]{ ljj/0f................................................................................................................... 63
cg';'rL @$M ls:tf dfusf nflu eg'{kg]{ kmf/fd ........................................................................................................... 64
cg';'rL @%M ;+rfngdf /x]sf pkcfof]hgfx?sf] :ynut cg'udg k|ltj]bg ........................................................................... 65
1
!= kl/ro
!=! k[i7e"ld
;fgf tyf demf}nf s[ifs cfo:t/ a[l4 cfof]hgf PlzofnL ljsf; a}Í sf] cg'bfg ;xof]udf z'? ePsf] cfof]hgf xf] . g]kfn ;/sf/ / PlzofnL ljsf; a}Í aLr !^ dfr{ @)!! df ePsf] ;Demf}tf cg'?k PlzofnL ljsf; a}Íaf6 k|fKt @=)! s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ cg'bfg ;xof]udf of] cfof]hgf ;~rfngdf NofOPsf] xf] . o; cfof]hgfsf] cjwL ^ jif{ /x]sf] 5 / !$ h'g @)!! b]lv ;'? eO{ #) h'g @)!* df ;DkGg x'g]5 . o; cfof]hgfn] dWo tyf ;'b"/–klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf !) lhNnfx?nfO{ cfˆgf] sfo{If]qdf ;d]6]sf] 5 .
o; cfof]hgfn] dWo tyf ;'b"/–klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf] !) lhNnfdf pRr d"No s[lif j:t'sf] ljljlws/0f dfkm{t ;fgf tyf demf}nf s[ifsx?sf] Aofkf/÷Joj;fosf] ahf/ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]5 . cfof]hgfn] ahf/ ;+hfn ljsf;sf] dfWodaf6 ;fgf tyf demf}nf s[ifsx?nfO{ pRr d"No s[lif j:t' ljljlws/0fdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg nfut ;fdu|L tyf pGgt k|ljlwsf nflu k"FhL ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg'sf ;fy} pTkfbg pk/fGtsf d"No >[+vnfsf k"jf{wf/ -h:t} e08f/0f, Kofs]lhË, u|]l8Ë, / k|zf]wg_ lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]5, . cfof]hgfn];'lglZrt cfk"tL{ ;Demf}tf ePsf, -s_ lk5l8Psf tyf l;dfGts[t s[ifs ;d"xx? / ;xsf/L -s[lif tyf s[lif sfo{df ;+nUg ax'p2]ZoLo_ sf nflu k|f/lDes nfut ;fdu|L tyf kmfd{ k|ljlwsf nflu / -v_ pTkfbg pk/fGtsf d"No >[+vnf k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df ahf/ cfk"tL{ ;Demf}tf ;lxt ;+nUg pBf]u÷pBdLx? ÷s[lif ;xsf/Lx? nfO{ cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg] 5 . o; k|fjwfg cg'?k cg'bfg pknJw ug{ of]Uo cfj]bsn] tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf pkcfof]hgf k|:tfj ;lxt cfj]bg lbO{ ;f]sf] d"Nof+sg kZrft ;kmn 7xl/Psf pkcfof]hgf ;+rfngsf] nflu cfof]hgf, g]kfn /fi6« a}s / cfj]bsjLr lqkIfLo ;+emf}tf eP kl5 pkcfof]hgf sfof{Gjog x'g]5 .
!=@ ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf tyf ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] e"ldsf (Role of Partner Organizations and Service
Providers)
cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{, g]kfn /fi6« a}Í tyf s[lif pBd s]Gb| s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg ;xof]u sfof{Gjogsf d'Vo ;fem]bf/x? /xg] 5g\ . s[lif– Joj;fo cg'bfg ;xof]usf] ;kmntfdf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?df s[lif pBd s]Gb|, g]kfn /fi6« a}+s, g]b/n}08 ljsf; ;xof]u lgof]u (SNV), /fli6«o u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf, :yfgLo u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf ljkGg tyf lk5l8Psf] ju{sf nflu /x]sf] u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf, lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ / ;xsf/L ljefu /x]sf 5g . s[lif–Joj;fo cg'bfg ;xof]udf dfly pNn]lvt k|ToIf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] e"ldsf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
2
!=@=! s[lif pBd s]Gb| (Agro-Enterprise Center) • g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf PlzofnL ljsf; a}Í;Fu ePsf] 5'§f–5'§} ;Demf}tf÷zt{ cg'?k
cfof]hgfnfO{ nugzLntfsf ;fy k|efjsf/L agfO{ cuf8L a9fpg ;xof]u ug]{ .
• pTkfbgstf{ / laqm]tf aLr cfk'tL{ ;Demf}tf u/fpg] / s[lif ahf/sf] ;'lglZrt pknAwtf k|lt pQ/bfoL /xg] .
• ;'/lIft ahf/sf] ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu tflnd sfo{qmdsf] of]hgf tof/ ug]{ .
• cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{sf] ;xsfo{df lghL:t/sf] ;]jf k|bfosx?dfkm{t ul/g] pTkfbg pk/fGtsf sfo{x?sf] nflu tflnd klxrfg ug]{ . pQm ;]jf k|bfosx?;Fusf] s/f/ k|s[ofdf cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{nfO{ s]Gb|n]] ;xof]u ug]{5 .
• cfof]hgf If]qsf] s[lif ahf/x?sf] tYofÍ ;+sng, ljZn]if0f tyf s[ifsx?sf] kx'Fr x'g;Sg] s[lif ahf/ ;'rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; / la:tf/ ug]{ .
• Joj;fo – Joj;fo aLr ;Dks{ :yfkgf / la:tf/ ug{ ;xhLs/0f ug]{ .
• s[lif ahf/ ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; Pj+ Joj:yfkg ug]{ / k|fKt 1fg ;Dk'0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg]] h;n] s[lif ;xsf/Lx? ;lxt lghLIf]qsf s[lif pBd÷pBdLx?nfO{ / d"No >[+vnfsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?df u'0fs k|efj kfg]{5 .
• b'j} ljsf; If]qsf s[lif pkh v/Lbstf{÷laqm]tfx?nfO{ cfˆgf] cfjZostf cg';f/sf] pRr d"No s[lif a:t'x? klxrfg ug{ kl/rfng ug]{ .
• s[lif ahf/sf ;+efjgfx?sf] af/]df ;r]tgf u/fpg] / ;Defljt s|]tfx? / jhf/ >[+vnfsf kfqx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .
• g]b/n}08 ljsf; ;xof]u lgof]usf] ;xof]udf :yflgo s[lif ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfx? / pTkfbg pk/fGtsf s[lif Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ ;]jf k|bfosx?nfO{ s[lif ahf/ ;"rgf k|0ffnL, s[lif Joj;fo ;DjGwL ;r]tgf, cfk"tL{ ;Demf}tf / ahf/ k|j4{g ;DjGwL tflnd k|bfg ug]{ .
• cfk"tL{ ;Demf}tfsf] nflu 9fFrf ljsf; ug]{ tyf dfu ePsf pTkfbgx?sf] cfk"tL{ ;Demf}tf u/fpg] .
• s[lif j:t' pTkfbgstf{ / Aofkf/L aLr s/f/ ;Demf}tfsf] sfo{Gjogdf s'g} ;d:of cfPsf] v08df To;sf] ;dfwfg tyf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu kxn ug]{ .
• :yflgo s[lif ;]jf k|bfos / pTkfbg pk/fGtsf s[lif Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ Joj;foLx?nfO{ cTofjZos ahf/ >+[vnfsf k"jf{wf/x?sf] nflu Aoj;flos of]hgf tof/ ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
• ahf/ ;Dks{ -Market Linkage_ sf sfo{qmdx?sf] nflu of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{, s[lif pkh qm]tfx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ / pgLx?nfO{ s[lif pkh cfk"tL{stf{x? ;Fu ;DaGw :yfkgf ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
3
• cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{sf] ;xof]udf cfof]hgf nfu" ePsf] If]qdf pRr d"No s[lif j:t'x?sf] ahf/ k|a4{g Pj+ ahf/ ;~hfn (Market Network) la:tf/df ;xof]u ug]{ .
• g]b/n}08 ljsf; ;xof]u lgof]u / cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{sf] ;xsfo{df s[lif–Joj;fo / d"No >+[vnf ;DjGwL 1fg ;fdu|Lx? pTkfbg tyf ljsf; ug]{ .
• s[lif–Joj;fo cg'bfg k|:tfjx?df cfk"tL{ ;Demf}tf eP gePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ tyf :ynut k|df0fLs/0fdf ;xof]u ug]{ .
• Joj;flos of]hgf tyf cg'bfgsf nflu cfj]bg k|:tfj tof/L÷n]vgdf ;xof]u ug]{÷u/fpg] .
• dfly pNn]v eP afx]ssf yk lglb{i6 ?kdf s]Gb|n] ug]{ sfo{x? b]xfo cg';f/ /x]sf] 5 M s_ s[lif Joj;fodf cfj4 g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf s/Lj &)) pBdL
;b:ox?nfO{ k|ToIf ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg], v_ cfof]hgf nfu" ePsf b'j} ljsf; If]q cGtu{tsf lhNnfx?df :yflgo ?kdf
;+ul7t x'g], h'g ;+/rgf cfof]hgf ;DffKtL kZrft klg ;zQm / lbuf] ?kdf ;+rfng x'g]5, /
u_ s[lif pBd s]Gb|n] nfeflGjt ju{df s[lif–Joj;fo ljsf;sf] nflu k'¥ofpg] ;]jfsf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf] nflu g]t[Tj k|bfg ug]{ .
!=@=@ g]kfn /fi6« a}Í (Nepal Rashtra Bank)
• g]kfn ;/sf/ / PlzofnL ljsf; a}ÍnfO{ dfGo x'g] kl/l:ytL / zt{x?sf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfn /fi6« a}Í, sf7df8f}+ / g]kfnu~h sfof{nodf æs[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg ;xof]uÆ ljz]if vftf vf]nL ;~rfng ug]{ .
• g]kfn ;/sf/ dfkm{t pknAw cg'bfgnfO{ cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{n] of]Uo 7x/fPsf pkcfof]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos dfn;fdfg, sfdsf] v/Lb, k/fdz{ ;]jf / cGo cfjZos lzif{sx?df vr{ ug{ cg'bfg ;Demf}tf, cfof]hgf ;Demf}tf / cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf (Project Administration Manual-PAM) sf] cwLgdf /xL cg'bfg /sd pknAw u/fpg] .
• !,)),))) cd]l/sL 8n/ eGbf dflysf pkcfof]hgfx?sf] nflu /sd lgsf;f ug'{ k"j{ cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{n] PlzofnL ljsf; a}Í;Fu clu|d :JfLs[tL lnP glnPsf] jf t6:y ljZn]if0f ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/z cg';f/ eP gePsf] af/]df hfFr ug]{ .
• g]kfn ;/sf/, g]kfn /fi6« a}Í / PlzofnL ljsf; Af}Ísf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL PlzofnL ljsf; Af}ÍnfO{ dfGo x'g] s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg ;xof]u ;Demf}tf cg'?k of]Uo cfj]bsx?nfO{ cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg] .
• pRr nuglzntf Pj+ bIftfsf ;fy ljsf; k|s[of cg'?k k|fljlws, cfly{s tyf Aoj;flos ?kdf cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
4
• g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] pTs[i6 n]vf l;4fGt, sfo{ tyf cfly{s cj:yf cg'?k cfof]hgfsf] pknlAw / of]Uo pk–cfof]hgfx?sf] nufgL tyf k|ultx?sf] clen]v / n]vf /fVfL ;do ;fk]If ?kdf cBfjlws ug]{ .
• cfof]hgfsf pknlAwx?nfO{ clxt k'¥ofPsf jf k'¥ofpg ;Sg] s'g} gsf/fTds cj:yf ePdf ;f] sf] hfgsf/L t'?Gt cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{ / PlZfofnL ljsf; Af}+ÍnfO{ u/fpg] .
• cfof]hgf, g]kfn /fi6« a}Í / cg'bfgsf] af/]df k|ltlglwx? dfkm{t wf/0ff AoQm ug]{ . • hfgsf/L eP;Ddsf ;"rgf tyf k|ltj]bgx? cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{ / PlZfofnL ljsf;
Af}ÍnfO{ pknAw u/fpg], h;df s_ cg'bfg /sdsf] lgsf;Lsf] cj:yf / vr{sf] ljj/0f v_ pk cfof]hgfx?sf] pknlAw u_ of]Uo k|:tfjs / pk–cfof]hgfx?sf] ljj/0f / 3_ dfu eP adf]lhdsf cGo ljj/0fx? ;+nUg /xg]5g\ .
• cg'bfg pkof]usf] cj:yfsf] af/]df cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{nfO{ cfjlws ?kdf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
• nfeflGjt ju{nfO{ yk cfjZos ljQLo ;xof]usf nflu ljlQo lgsfox? -a}+s, ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? Tfyf u}=;=;=_ ;Fu ;Dks{ :yfkgfdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
• s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg /sdsf] ;xL ;b'kof]u eP gePsf] cg'udg ug]{ tyf lgoldt ?kdf cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{ / PlZfofnL ljsf; Af}ÍnfO{ k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fpg] .
!=@=# g]b/n}08 ljsf; ;xof]u lgof]u (SNV) g]kfn • s[lif Joj;fo / d"No >[+vnfsf] af/]df k|fljlws ;xof]u÷k[i7kf]if0f (Technical
Backstopping) pknAw u/fpg] .
• cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog / Joj:yfkg ;'wf/sf] nflu cfof]hgf lgb]{zs tyf cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|fljlws k/fdz{ pknAw u/fpg] .
• cfof]hgf ahf/d"vL xf] eGg] k|Tofe"tL u/fpgsf nflu :yflgo s[lif ;]jf k|bfos / s[lif ljefu cGtu{tsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfof]hgfsf] ljZn]if0f tyf sfof{Gjogsf nflu k|fljlws tflnd pknAw u/fpg] . o;sf nflu ;]jf k|bfosx?nfO{ cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] k|s[of, Joj;flos cjwf/0ff tyf cfk"lt{ ;Demf}tf ;lxtsf] s[lif Joj;fo of]hgfsf] ljsf;df tflnd k|bfg ug]{, ;/–;Nnfx lbg] / k/fdz{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] .
• s[lif Joj;fosf cj;/÷;+efjgfx? klxrfg tyf phfu/ ug{ s[lif ;]jf k|bfosx?nfO{ gofF hft tyf s[lif k|ljwLx?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
• cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{, s[lif pBd s]Gb| / cfof]hgfsf] s/f/df cfa4 ;]jf k|bfosx?nfO{ s[lif j:t' lgof{t ug{ / Aoj;flos ;fem]bf/Lsf nflu cGo b]z -ljz]if u/L blIf0f PlzofnL d'n's_;Fu ;Dks{ :yfkgfsf] nflu k/fdz{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] .
• s[ifs÷pTkfbs ;d"xx?sf] nflu s[lif ;fdu|Lx?sf] cfk"lt{sf] cjwf/0ff÷df]8n ljsf;df cfof]hgfsf] s/f/df cfa4 ;]jf k|bfosx?nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ h'g ;xsf/L jf s[ifs ;d"xx? ;Fu ;Dks{df /x]sf ;+3–;+:yfx?sf] nflu pkof]uL x'g]5 .
5
• sfo{qmd cg'udg, d"NofÍg / k|efj Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] af/]df cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{ / s[lif pBd s]Gb|sf sd{rf/LnfO{ tflndsf ;fy} cGo ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .
• 1fgsf] Joj:yfkg tyf cfof]hgfdf o;sf] ;xL cg'z/0f Pj+ k|of]usf ;fy} 1fg ;fdu|Lx?sf] lgdf{0f / ;+rf/sf] nflu cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{ tyf s[lif pBd s]Gb|nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
• s[lif pBd s]Gb|nfO{ s[lif ahf/ ;'rgf k|0ffnLsf] ;~rfng / ljsf;sf] nflu ;xof]u ug]{ . !=@=$ /fli6«o ;]jf k|bfos -/fli6«o :t/sf] u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf_ (National NGO)
• :yflgo :t/sf] ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]]jfsf] u'0f:t/ sfod /fVg ;xof]u ug]{ / To;sf] lg/LIf0f tyf cg'udg ug]{ .
• :yflgo :t/sf] ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfx?sf nflu ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{ tyf tflndx? k|bfg ug]{ .
• cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{nfO{ s[ifs lbj; tyf s[ifs e|d0fsf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ ;xof]u ug{] .
• cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{ tyf :yflgo :t/sf] ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfnfO{ :yflgo :t/df k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ .
• cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{sf] lgs6:y /xL s[lif Joj;fo tyf pRr d"No s[lif j:t'x?;Fu ;DjlGwt 1fgd'ns ;fdu|Lx? pTkfbg ug]{ .
!=@=% ljkGg tyf lk5l8Psf s[ifsx?sf nflu ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf -u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf_ (NGO for
DGMF)
• lakGg tyf lk5l8Psf] ju{sf s[ifsx?sf] gofF ;d"x u7g tyf df}h'bf ;d"xx?sf] k"gu{7g tyf kl/rfng ug]{ .
• e"dLxLg s[ifsx?nfO{ pRr d"No s[lif j:t'x? pTkfbg ug{sf nflu hUuf ef8fdf lng ;xof]u ug]{ .
• ljkGg tyf lk5l8Psf] ju{sf s[ifsx?nfO{ pRr d'No s[lif j:t'x? pTkfbg ug{sf nflu pTkfbg tyf Aoj;flos of]hgf tof/ ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
• lakGg tyf lk5l8Psf] ju{sf s[ifsx?sf] nflu cfjZostf cg';f/sf tflndx? klxrfg ug]{ .
• s[ifs ;d"x Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;xof]u ug]{ tyf ;d"xx?nfO{ ;xsf/Ldf kl/0ft ug]{ .
• cg'bfg ;xof]u k|fKt s[ifs ;d"xx?df b]lvPsf] ;'wf/sf] cj:yfsf] cg'udg ug]{ / cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{df hfgsf/L k7fpg] .
• cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{nfO{ dfl;s tyf q}dfl;s ?kdf sfo{qmdsf] k|ultsf] af/]df k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
• /fli6«o :t/sf] tflnd k|bfos ;+:yf dfkm{t ;~rfng x'g] tflndsf] ljifo–j:t'sf] pknAwtf tyf sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u ug]{ .
6
!=@=^ :yflgo ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf -:yflgo÷lhNnf :t/Lo u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf_ (Local/District
NGO)
• pRr d"No s[lif a:t'sf] pTkfbg, k|zf]wg tyf ahf/Ls/0fsf nflu s[lif k|ljlwdf bIf tyf cg'ejL ;fdflhs kl/rfnsx? tyf s[lif k|fljlwsx? kl/rfng ug]{ .
• cfof]hgfsf] af/]df s[ifs ;d"x tyf ;xsf/Lx?df ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx?sf ;fy} tflndx? ;~rfng ug]{ .
• cfk"lt{ ;Demf}tf ;lxt pRr d"Nosf s[lif j:t'sf] pTkfbg / ahf/Ls/0fsf] of]hgf tof/ ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
• cfk"lt{ ;Demf}tf u/]sf s[ifs ;d"x / ;xsf/Lx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L cfly{s k|0ffnL tyf ;'zf;gsf] nflu ;Ifd agfpg] .
• s[ifs ;d"x tyf ;xsf/Lx?nfO{ pRr d'Nosf s[lif a:t'x?sf] pTkfbg / To;sf]] ahf/Ls/0fsf] nflu k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .
• s[lif j:t' pTkfbgstf{ / s[lif pkh qm]tfx?aLr cfk"lt{ ;Demf}tf ug{sf] nflu s[lif pBd s]Gb|nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
• ;DjlGwt lhNnfsf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo aLr ;dGjofTds e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ .
• cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{, s[lif pBd s]Gb| / g]b/n}08 ljsf; ;xof]u lgof]u;Fu lgs6:y /xL sfo{ ug]{ .
!=@=& lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no (District Agriculture Development Office-DADO)
• :yflgo ;]jf k|bfosx?nfO{ k|fljlws tflndx? k|bfg ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ . • :yflgo ;]jf k|bfosx? dfkm{t s[ifsx?nfO{ tflnd k|bfg ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
• s[ifs ;d"x÷;xsf/Lx?sf] pknlAw cg'udg ug]{ .
• cg'bfg /sdsf] ;xL ;b'kof]u eP gePsf] ;fy} s[ifs / pgLx?sf] v]t–af/L tyf pTkfbg pk/fGtsf lqmofsnfkdf kg{ uPsf] k|efjsf] d"NofÍg ug]{ .
• cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{nfO{ k|ult k|ltj]bg k7fpg'sf ;fy} aflif{s ;dLIff uf]i7Lx?df klg k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
• pRr d"No s[lif j:t' ;DalGw pGgt k|ljlwx?sf] k|;f/0fdf hf]8 lbg] .
• cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{n] cfXjfg u/]sf] s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg ;xof]u cfj]bg cfj]bsx?af6 tf]lsPsf] ;do leq ;+sng ug{ tyf k|:tfljt s[lif Joj;fosf] :ynut k|dfl0fs/0fsf nflu ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .
• :jLs[t k|:tfjsf cfj]bs, cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{ / g]kfn /fi6« a}Í;Fu ul/Psf] lqkIfLo ;Demf}tf lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no dfkm{t lhNnf s[lif ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .
7
!=@=* g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ (Nepal Agriculture Research Council-NARC)
• pRr d"No s[lif j:t';Fu ;DjlGwt pGgt k|fljlws 1fg pknAw u/fpg] .
• cfof]hgf nfu" ePsf lhNnfx?df pRr d"No s[lif j:t';Fu ;DalGwt k|lalwx?nfO{ leqfpg'sf ;fy} o;sf] Aofks cg'z/0fsf] nflu ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .
• pRr d"No s[lif j:t'x?sf] ;xeflutfd"ns cg';Gwfg ug]{ .
• cfof]hgfsf] dfudf cfwfl/t cg';Gwfgsf sfo{qmddf s[lif ;]jf k|bfossf] ?kdf ;xefuL x'g] .
!=@=( ;xsf/L ljefu (Department of Cooperatives)
• cfˆgf l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no dfkm{t df}h'bf s[ifs ;d"xx?nfO{ s[lif ;xsf/Ldf k'gu{7g / Joj:yfkg ug{ ;xof]uL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ .
!=# cg'bfg k|s[of (The Grant Making Process) !=#=!= k[i7e"dL
cfof]hgfsf] sfo{sf/L lgsfo tyf g]kfn /fi6« a}Íaf6 cfof]hgfsf] gub k|jfx ;+oqsf] ;fem]bf/sf] ?kdf æs[lif–Joj;fo cg'bfg ;xof]uÆ -Agribusiness Grant Facility -AGF_ sf] :yfkgf ul/g]5 . pQm ;xof]u ;~rfngsf nflu g]kfn /fi6« a}Í, g]kfnu~h sfof{nodf Pp6f 5'6\6}, :yflgo d'b|fsf] ;]s]08 h]g]/]zg -ljif]z_ vftf vf]lng]5 h;af6 5gf}6df k/]sf cfj]bsx?nfO{ cg'bfg /sd pknAw u/fOg]5 .
s[lif–Joj;fo cg'bfg ;xof]u (AGF) sf] nufgL d'Votof pRr d"No s[lif j:t'sf] lglZrt v/Lb–
cfk"tL{ ;Demf}tf ePsf] -s_ ljkGg tyf lk5l8Psf ju{sf1 s[ifs ;d"xx?, s[ifs ;d'x ;dGjo ;ldlt, ahf/ ljsf; ;ldltx? -v_ s[ifs ;xsf/Lx? -s[lif / s[lif sfo{df ;+nUg ax'p2]ZoLo_, tyf -u_ pTkfbg pk/fGtsf sfo{df ;+nUg pBdLx?df ul/g]5 . s[lif–Joj;fo cg'bfg ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{ cfwf/x?, -s_ ;du| ;DefJotf -k|fljlws, cfly{s, Joj:yfksLo, ;+:yfut, ;fdflhs tyf jftfj/0fLo_ tyf ahf/ dfu ;lxtsf] Aoj;flos of]hgf ePsf] pTkfbg pk/fGtsf pBd÷Joj;fo / -v_ pRr d"No s[lif j:t' pTkfbgsf nflu vl/b–cfk"tL{ ;Demf}tf ;lxtsf] pTkfbg tyf ahf/ of]hgf ePsf] s[ifs ;d"x tyf ;xsf/Lx? x'g]5g . o;sf nflu k|To]s s[ifs ;d"xn] pRr d"No s[lif j:t' pTkfbg ug{ OR5's ;b:ox?;Fu ePsf] hUufsf] ;dli6ut ljj/0f ;+sng u/L ;d"xsf]
1 ljkGg tyf lk5l8Psf ju{ (Disadvantaged Groups) eGgfn] dlxnf, blnt, hghftL, d'Qm sd}of÷xlnof, dlxnf
3/d"nL ePsf] kl/jf/, dw]zL, d'l:nd tyf e"ldxLg kl/jf/nfO{ kl/eflift ul/Psf] 5 . o; pk/fGt lgb]{lzsfdf n]lvPsf] s[ifs ;d"xn] log} ljkGg tyf lk5l8Psf ;d"xnfO{ hgfpg] 5 .
8
tkm{af6 k|:tfj tof/ u/L cg'bfg cfj]bg lbg ;Sg]5g . ;fdfGo s[ifs ;d"x2x?sf] xsdf k|To]s ;fdfGo s[ifs ;d"xn] pRr d"No s[lif j:t' pTkfbg ug{ OR5's ;b:ox?;Fu ePsf] hUufsf] ;dli6ut ljj/0f ;+sng u/L cfkm' cfa4 /x]sf] jf ;Demf}tf cg'?k cfa4 x'g ;Sg] s[ifs ;xsf/LnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] 5g . To;kl5 ;xsf/Ln] cfˆgf] ;b:o jf ;Demf}tf cg'?k cfa4 x'g cfPsf ;d"xx?sf] tkm{af6 Pp6} cfj]bgsf nflu cfjZos nfutsf] ;dli6ut ljj/0f lgsfNg' kg]{5 . s[ifs ;xsf/L o; cg'bfgsf nflu k|f/lDes nfeflGjt ju{ x'g] ePsf]n] cfˆgf] ;b:o÷;d"xx?sf] nflu cfjZos j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] v/Lb tyf ;f] sf] ;d'lrt ljt/0fsf] lhDd]jf/L klg ;DalGwt ;xsf/Ldf g} /xg]5 .
s[lif–Joj;fo cg'bfg ;xof]usf nflu k|fKt x'g cfPsf k|To]s cg'bfg cfj]bgsf] :jtGq ;dLIfssf] d"Nofs+g tyf cfof]hgfsf] :ynut k|df0fLs/0f 6f]nLsf] k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df æt6:y ljZn]if0f ;ldlt (Independent Appraisal Panel-IAP)Æ sf] l;kmfl/z cg';f/ cfof]hgf lgb]{zsaf6 :jLs[t ul/g]5 . cfj]bg :jLs[t eO{ ;s]kl5 cfof]hgf lgb]{zs÷cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{ / g]kfn /fi6« a}Í cfj]bs;Fu k|:tfjgf sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu ;Demf}tf ug{]5 .
k|fKt cfj]bgx? dWo] s'g} cfj]bg cfof]hgf lgb]{zsn] t6:y ljZn]if0f ;ldlt (IAP) sf] l;kmfl/z ljk/Lt :jLs[t ug{ rfx]df pkcfof]hgf ;Demf}tf ug'{ cufj} lghn] PlzofnL ljsf; a}Í;Fu k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 . o:tf k|s[ltsf] pkcfof]hgf :jLs[tLsf nflu b]xfosf ljj/0fx? cfjZos x'g]5 M–
-s_ t6:y ljZn]if0f ;ldlt (IAP) sf] l;kmfl/zsf] k|ltlnkL, -v_ cg'bfg cfj]bgsf] k|ltlnkL -c+u|]hLdf_ / -u_ cfj]bg :jLs[t ug{sf nflu cfof]hgf lgb]{zssf] lj:t[t k'i6\ØfO{+ . cg'bfg cfj]bg :jLs[t eO{ ;s]kl5 cfj]bs, cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{ / g]kfn /fi6« a}ÍjLr cg'bfg sfof{Gjogsf nflu lqkIfLo ;Demf}tf ul/g]5 . pQm ;Demf}tf cg'?k cfj]bsnfO{ /sd lgsf;f x'g]5 . cg'bfgu|fxLn] ;Demf}tfsf] klxnf] ls:tf k]ZsL :j?k lng ;Sg]5g\ . s[ifs ;d"x afx]ssf cGo cg'bfgu|fxLx?n] pk–cfof]hgfdf k|f/lDes nufgL u/]sf] k|df0f k]z u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . cg'bfgu|fxLn] k]ZsL /sd ln+bf pQm /sd pk–cfof]hgfsf] s'n ah]6sf] @) k|ltzt ggf3]sf] x'g' kg]{5 t/ d]lzg/L, cf}hf/ tyf pks/0fsf] xsdf ;Dk"0f{ e'QmfgL Ps}k6s lbg' kg]{ ePdf s'n ah]6 g} dfu ug{ ;lsg]5 . cfj]bsn] cfjZos Joj;flos k|s[of ckgfO{ cfˆgf] j:t' tyf ;]jf v/Lb ug]{5 / ;f] sf] cfjZos sfuhft cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{df ;dLIffsf] nflu k7fpg] 5 . k]z ul/Psf sfuhftx?sf] oyfy{tfsf] cfwf/df cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{n] afFsL ls:tfsf] /sd lgsf;f ug{sf nflu g]kfn /fi6« a}ÍnfO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{5 . Ps nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ eGbf dflysf ;a} lsl;dsf] cg'bfgsf nflu cfof]hgf lgb]{zsn] PlzofnL ljsf; a}Ísf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
2 ;fdfGo s[ifs ;d"x eGgfn] ljkGg tyf lk5l8Psf ju{ eGbf aflx/sf s[ifsx?n] lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nodf btf{ ePsf] ;d"xnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
9
cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{df k|:tfj k|fKt ldlt b]lv #) -tL;_ lbg leq of]Uo÷cof]Uo k|:tfjx?sf] ljj/0f t6:y ljZn]if0f ;ldltn] cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{df l;kmfl/z ul/ ;Sg' kg]{5 .
k|f/lDes ls:tfsf] /sdsf] vr{ / ;f] sf] ljn–ekf{O{sf] cfwf/df afFsL ls:tfsf] /sd lgsf;f cg'bfgu|fxLsf] a}Í vftf dfkm{t lbOg]5 . k|:tfjdf pNn]v ePsf lzif{s eGbf aflx/sf] lzif{sdf ul/Psf] vr{ jfktsf] /sd PlzofnL ljsf; a}ÍnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 . PlzofnL ljsf; a}Ín], g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k/fdz{ cg';f/, rf}dfl;s ?kdfdf nlIft pknlAw xfl;n x'g g;s]sf] xsdf sf]if Joj:yfkgdf km]/–abn ug{ ;Sg] ;fy} s[lif–Joj;fo cg'bfg ;xof]u;Fu ;DalGwt sfuhftx?sf] ;dLIff ug]{ clwsf/ cfkm"df ;'/lIft /fVg]5 . s[lif–Joj;fo cg'bfg ;xof]u /fzL nfeflGjt ju{af6 b'?kof]u ePsf] oy]i6 k|df0fsf] cfwf/df pQm /fzL c;"n–pk/ ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{df ;'/lIft /xg]5 .
!=#=@ t6:y ljZn]if0f ;ldlt (Independent Appraisal Panel-IAP)
s[lif–Joj;fo cg'bfg ;xof]usf nflu k|fKt cfj]bg÷k|:tfjx?sf] hfFr, d"NofÍg tyf l;kmfl/z ug{ / pkcfof]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt dxTjk"0f{ ljifox?df l;kmfl/z ug{sf nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] æt6:y ljZn]if0f ;ldltÆ u7g ul/g]5 M–
-c_ dWo tyf ;'b"/–klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf If]lqo s[lif lgb]{zsx?– cWoIf3 -cf_ g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 jf lghL If]qsf k|ltgLlw– pkfWoIf -O_ n}lËs tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f ljz]if1– ;b:o -O{_ jftfj/0f ljz]if1– ;b:o -p_ s[lif Joj;fo lj1– ;b:o -pm_ k|fljlws clws[t, cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{– ;b:o ;lrj -P_ ljifo j:t';+u ;DjlGwt afXo ljz]if1– ;b:o -P]_ al/i7 s[lif ljsf; clws[t, ;DalGwt lhNnf– cfdlGqt ;b:o -cf]_ ;DalGwt ljsf; If]q -g]kfnu~h / wgu9L_sf g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf k|d'v– cfdlGqt ;b:o
cfof]hgf lgb]{zsn] t6:y ljZn]if0f ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ;xhLs/0fsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{5g\ . t6:y ljZn]if0f ;ldltsf kb]g afx]ssf ;b:ox?sf] lgo'lQm cfof]hgf lgb]{zsaf6 ul/g]5 . t6:y ljZn]if0f ;ldltsf] lj1 ;b:o x'gsf] nflu cfof]hgfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ljifodf sDtLdf :gftsf]Q/ u/L ;DalGwt ljifodf sDtLdf !) jif{sf] sfo{ cg'ej jf ;DalGwt ljifodf ljBfjfl/wL u/L % jif{sf] sfo{ cg'ej ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 . cfof]hgf lgb]{zsn] cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{df ePsf lj1 tyf k/fdz{bftf jf cfjZostf cg';f/ aflx/af6 lj1x? ;fj{hgLs ;"rgf hf/L u/L lgo'Qm ug]{5g . k|:tfj d"NofÍgsf nflu t6:y ljZn]if0f ;ldltsf rf/ ;b:osf] pkl:ytLnfO{ u0fk"/s ;+Vof dflgg]5 . s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg k|:tfjx?sf] ;dLIff ug{ cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{df k|fljlws ljz]if1, ljQ ljz]if1 tyf Joj:yfkg ljz]if1sf] ;"rL -Roster_ tof/ ul/g]5 .
3 cfj]bg btf{ ePsf ;DalGwt ljsf; If]qsf] If]lqo s[lif lgb]{zsn] t6:y ljZn]if0f ;ldltsf] cWoIftf ug]{5g\ .
10
bIf÷ljz]if1x?sf] of]Uotf, cg'ej, ;]jf;DalGw lg0f{o cfof]hgf lgb]{zs af6 ul/g]5 . ljz]if1x?nfO{ ;"rLs[t x'gsf nflu cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{n] cfj]bg cfXjfg ug]{5 . :jtGq ;dLIfs x'gsf] nflu cfof]hgfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ljifodf sDtLdf :gftsf]Q/ u/L ;DalGwt ljifodf sDtLdf !) jif{sf] sfo{ cg'ej jf ;DalGwt ljifodf ljBfjfl/wL u/L % jif{sf] sfo{ cg'ej ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 . pQm ljz]if1x?n] s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg ;xof]u k|:tfjgf d"NofÍgdf :jtGq ;dLIfssf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{5g\ . k|:tfj d"NofÍgsf nflu lj1x?sf] kl/rfng sfo{ t6:y ljZn]if0f ;ldltsf ;b:o–;lrj dfkm{t ul/g]5 . k"j{ 5gf}6jf6 ;kmn 7xl/Psf ;Dk"0f{ k|:tfjx? k|fljlws, cfly{s / Joj:yfkg ljz]if1 ;lDdlnt :jtGq ;dLIfsn] k|:tfjsf] k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ;+efJotf / bLuf]kgfsf] k"0f{ ;dLIff ug]{5g\ . :jtGq ;dLIfsn] cfkm\gf] d"NofÍg / l;kmfl/z cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{ dfkm{t t6:y ljZn]if0f ;ldltdf k7fpg]5 . t6:y ljZn]if0f ;ldltsf] a}7s cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{sf] kl/;/df cfjZostf cg'?k a:g]5 / :jtGq ;dLIfssf]] d"NofÍg / l;kmfl/zsf] cfwf/df k|:tfjx?sf] af/]df lg0f{o lbg]5 . t6:y ljZn]if0f ;ldltn] cfjZos 7fg]df cfj]bs;Fu yk ljj/0f / k'i6\ofO{ dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!=#=#= cg'bfgu|fxLsf k|sf/x? (Types of Grantee)
cfof]hgfsf d'Vo cg'bfgu|fxLsf] ?kdf s[ifs ;d"xx?, s[ifs ;d"x ;dGjo ;ldlt, s[lif sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt s[lif tyf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/Lx?, s[lif pBf]u tyf kmd{x? / s[lif jhf/ ljsf; ;ldltx? /xg]5g\ .
!=#=$ of]Uotf (Eligibility)
� cfof]hgf nfu" ePsf lhNnfdf pRr d"No s[lif j:t' pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg sfo{df ;+nUg b]xfo adf]lhd btf{4 ePsf ;d"xx? tyf pBdLx? o; cg'bfg ;xof]usf nflu of]Uo 7xl/g] 5g\Ù
� s[ifs ;d"xx? � s[ifs ;d"x ;dGjo ;ldltx? � s[lif jhf/ ;ldltx? � s[lif sfo{;Fu ;DjlGwt s[lif tyf ax'p2]zLo ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? � s[lif pBf]u tyf kmd{x?
;fy} pTkfbg tyf pTkfbg pk/fGtsf d"No >[+vnf ljsf;df ;+nUg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] klg s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
� pTkfbsTj ;'wf/, pTkfbg clea[l4, cfk"lt{ ;~hfn Joj:yfkg, kmfd{ ljsf;, pTkfbg tyf pTkfbg pk/fGtsf sfo{sfnflu k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, s[lif Joj;fo ;'ljwf :yfkgf tyf lj:tf/, d"No clea[l4 / jhf/Ls/0fsf] nflu cg'bfg ;'ljwf pknJw u/fOg]5 .
4 lhNnfsf] lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nodf btf{ ePsf] s[ifs ;d"xx? tyf s[ifs ;d"x ;dGjo ;ldltx?, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf
pBf]u sfof{nodf btf{df ePsf s[lif sfo{df ;+nUg kmd{x?, ;xsf/L P]g @)$* cg';f/ btf{ ePsf s[lif tyf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/Lx? / sDkgL P]g @)^# cg';f/ btf{ ePsf] s[lif Aoj;fo pBf]ux? . s[lif Joj;fo k|j4{g tyf ahf/ ljsf; lgb]{zgfnodf btf{ ePsf s[lif jhf/ ljsf; ;ldltx? .
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� s[ifs ;d"xx?sf nflu hUuf ef8fdf lng, pTkfbg ;fdu|L / kmfd{ ljsf; tyf k|ljlw ljsf;df cg'bfg pknJw u/fOg]5 .
� s[ifs ;d"x ;dGjo ;ldltnfO{ ;ldltdf cfj4 s[ifs ;d"xsf] nflu pTkfbg ;fdu|L / kmfd{ ljsf; tyf k|ljlw ljsf;df cg'bfg pknJw u/fOg]5 .
� ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;xsf/L ;b:o tyf cfj4 s[ifs ;d"xsf] nflu pTkfbg ;fdfu|L / kmfd{ ljsf; tyf k|ljlw ljsf;df cg'bfg pknJw u/fOg]5 .
� d"No >[+vnf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / s[lif Joj;fo Pj+ d"No clea[l4 s[ofsnfksf] nflu cg'bfg pknJw u/fOg]5 .
� ahf/ ;ldlt / cGo d"No >[+vnfdf sfo{/t -ljlwjt btf{ ePsf_ ;+:yfn] d"No >[+vnf lj:tf/ / ;'wf/sf s[ofsnfkdf cg'bfg k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
� kmfd{ ljsf; tyf gofF k|ljlw k|bz{gdf ;xnufgL ug{ OR5's gjLg ;f]r / sfo{qmd k|:tfj ug]{ pBdLx?nfO{ cg'bfg ju{ @ -kmfd{ ljsf; tyf k|ljlw lj:tf/_ cGtu{tsf sfo{df cg'bfg pknJw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
� cfof]hgf If]q leq lqmoflzn s[lif Joj;fo pBdLx?n] cfof]hgfn] 5fg]sf l;ldt d"No >[+vnfdf cfkm\gf] Joj;fo :yfkgf÷;'wf/÷lj:tf/ ug{ rfx]df cg'bfg ju{ # -pTkfbg pk|fGtsf d"No >[+vnfdf nufgL cg'bfg _ cGtu{tsf cg'bfg pknJw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
� s'g} ;+:yf cfof]hgf If]q aflx/ btf{ ePsf] 5 t/ cfof]hgf If]qdf cfkm\gf] cfk"lt{ ;~hfn 5 jf :yfkgf ug{ rfxG5 / ;fy} cw{÷k"0f{ k|zf]wg ;'ljwf :yfkgf ug{ rfxG5 / clGtd jhf/ (End Market) ;Ddsf] cu| ;Dks{{ (Forward Linkage) sfod /fv]sf] 5 eg] To:tf ;+:yfn] cg'bfg ju{ # -pTkfbg pk|fGtsf d"No >[+vnfdf nufgL cg'bfg_ cGtu{t ;d"x jf ;xsf/L;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L tL ;d"x jf ;xsf/L dfkm{t sRrf kbfy{ pTkfbg ug]{ u/L cg'bfg k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
!=#=%= cof]Uotf (Ineligibility)
cfof]hgfn] k|bfg ug{] cg'bfgsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf ;+:yf cof]Uo 7xl/g]5g\ M–
� s[lif ljsf; dGqfno jf dftxtsf lgsfodf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?, lghsf Psf3/ kl/jf/sf] ;b:on] k|ltgLlwTj u/]sf] jf o; cfof]hgf;Fu s/f/df cfa4 ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] ;d"x, ;xsf/L, kmd{, jf pBf]u .
� JolQmut s[ifs, /fhgLlts ;+3–;+u7gx?, ljb]zL jf ;/sf/L :jfldTjdf /x]sf ;+:yfgx? tyf wfld{s ;d"xx? .
� cfof]hgf nfu' ePsf] lhNnf aflx/ btf{ ePsf / cfof]hgf If]q leq d"No >[+vnf s[ofsnfk gu/]sf / ug]{ OR5f g/fv]sf ;+3 ;+:yfx? .
o; afx]s cfof]hgfn] lgDg lsl;dsf] JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] cfj]bg :jLsf/ jf d"NofÍg k|s[ofdf ;dfj]z ug]{ 5}g M–
12
� sf/f]af/df 6f6 kN6]sf] jf Joj;fo Ifltu|:t ePsf], p;sf] dfldnf cbfntsf] cwLg:y /x]sf] jf ;fx'x? jLr ljjfb /x]sf], sf/f]af/ /f]Ssf ul/Psf], Jofkfl/s sf/f]af/ ;DalGwt d'2f cbfntdf larf/fwLg /x]sf], g]kfn jf cGo s'g} b]zsf] lgod–sfg"gåf/f o:t} k|s[ltsf] d'2fdf ;+nUg /x]sf] .
� Aoj;flos cfr/0fdf cf/f]lkt, hfn;fhL u/]sf], e|i6frf/L 7xl/Psf], ck/flws ;d"x jf lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg eO{ u}/–hdfgtL jf/]G6df /x]sf] .
� cfof]hgfn] k'li6 ug{ ;Sg] s'g} uDeL/ Pj+ gsf/fTds k|s[ltsf] k]zfdf ;+nUg ePsf] . � s/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] of]ubfgdf g]kfnsf] k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd bfloTj k"/f
gu/]sf] . � cfof]hgfsf] v/Lb tyf cg'bfg k|s[ofsf] zt{x? k|lt ;xdt gePsf] . � æs[lif–Joj;fo cg'bfg ;xof]uÆsf nflu k|fKt cfj]bg jf pQm cg'bfgaf6 sfof{lGjt
x'g] lqmofsnfk ;fj{hlgs Pj+ cfof]hgfsf] lxt cg's'n gePdf . � æs[lif–Joj;fo cg'bfg ;xof]uÆ cfj]bgdf lbOPsf] hfgsf/L unt kfOPdf . � cfj]bg d"NofÍg k|s[ofdf cfof]hgfsf s'g} klg sd{rf/LnfO{ k|efljt ug{ vf]h]df . � s'g} sf/0fjz g]kfn ;/sf/ jf PlzofnL ljsf; a}ÍnfO{ æs[lif–Joj;fo cg'bfg
;xof]uÆsf] k|fKtL ;+tf]ifhgs gnfu]df .
dfyL pNn]v ul/Psf dfkb08sf] cfwf/df k|fKt x'g cfPsf cg'bfg cfj]bgx? d"NofÍg k|s[ofsf] s'g} klg r/0fdf cfof]hgfn] cof]Uo 7x/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;fy} pQm cfj]bg pk/ t'?Gt sf/jfxL /f]Ssf ug{ jf lgsf;f lbO;s]sf] eP cg'bfgu|fxLaf6 pQm /sd c;'n–pk/ ug{ cfof]hgfn] cfjZos sbd rfNg ;Sg]5 .
!=#=^= cg'bfgsf ju{x? (Grant Categories)
s[lif–Joj;fo cg'bfgnfO{ d'Votof b]xfo adf]lhdsf] tLg lzif{sdf juL{s[t ul/Psf] 5 M–
cg'bfg ju{ ! M pTkfbg ;fdu|L -hUuf ef8f ;lxt_ sf nflu cg'bfg (Grant for Production Input
including Cost of Leasing Land)
- pTkfbg ;fdu|L - hUuf ef8fdf lng - jfnL s6fgL / To; kl5sf s[ofsnfk;Fu ;DjlGwt cf}hf/ pks/0fx? - pTkfbgsf ;fgf–ltgf k"jf{wf/x? -pTkfbg If]qdf ;fgf l;+rfO{, 6g]n, hfnL÷Knfli6s 3/,
;/;kmfO{, u|]l8Ë / ;+sng 6x/f cflb_,
cg'bfg ju{ @ M kmfd{ ljsf; tyf k|ljlw cg'bfg (Farm Development and Technology Grant)
13
t'ngfTds ?kdf 7"nf kmfd{ k"jf{wf/x? h:t} kmfd{ l;+rfO{, hn e08f/0f k|ljlw, / t/Lsf, e08f/ 3/, ;+sng s]Gb|, xl/t u[x, cfwf/e"t jLp pTkfbg ;'ljwfx?, kmfd{ cf}hf/ / pks/0f, Ifdtf clea[l4 / l;sfO{, s[ifs v]tdf ul/g] 6«fon, k|ljlw k|bz{g cflb .
cg'bfg ju{ # M pTkfbg pk/fGtsf d"No >[+vnfdf nufgL cg'bfg (Grant for Post-Harvest Value
Chain Investment)
pTkfbg kl5sf] ;'ljwfx? h;n] kmfd{sf] pTkfbgnfO{ Ps ynf]df hDdf ug{ d2t u5{, 9'jfgL, k|zf]wg / d"No clea[l4, jhf/ k"jf{wf/, e08f/0f -zLt e08f/ ;d]t_ jhf/Ls/0f .
!=#=&= cg'bfgsf] k|sf/÷;xof]usf If]qx? (Types of Grant/Support Areas)
cfof]hgfaf6 ;xof]u x'g] s[lif Joj;fo cg'bfg k|:tfjsf] nflu pRr d"No s[lif j:t'x?sf] ;"rL cg'bfg cfXjfg ;DalGw ;"rgfdf pNn]v ul/g]5 .
� pRr d"No s[lif j:t'x? pTkfbg ug{sf nflu hUuf ef8fdf lng] M of] ;xof]u s[ifs ;d"xsf] nflu x'g]5 / o:tf] ;xof]u a9Ldf #))) cd]l/sL 8n/ k|lt ;d"x klxnf] b'O{ aif{sf] cjwLsf] nflu x'g]5 . cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg tyf lk5l8Psf ju{sf s[ifs ;d"x jf o:tf ju{ cfa4 /x]sf ;xsf/Ln] ;DalGwt ju{sf s[ifs ;d"xsf nflu of] ;xof]usf] nflu cfj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
� pRr d"No s[lif a:t'x? pTkfbg ug{sf nflu cfjZos s[lif ;fdu|Lx? -aLp, dn, / jfnL ;+/If0f ;DjGwL_ cfk"lt{ ug{ -Ps jif{ jf Ps jfnL cjlwsf] nflu_ M o;sf] nflu s[ifs ;d"x, s[lif jf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] cfj]bg lbg ;Sg]5g\ . ;fy} olb s'g} s[lif pBdLn] cfˆgf] k|:tfljt Joj;fodf sRrf kbfy{ cfk"tL{sf nflu a}wflgs ?kdf btf{ ePsf s[ifs ;d"x jf s[lif÷ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 eg] pQm ;d"x jf ;xsf/Lx?sf] nflu ! jif{ cjlw jf Ps jfnL cjlw ;Ddsf] nflu Embeded Service sf] ?kdf pRr d"No s[lif j:t' sRrf kbfy{ pTkfbg ug{sf nflu k|:tfjs pBdLx?n] klg of] ;xof]usf nflu cfj]bg lbg ;Sg]5g\ . o:tf pTkfbg s[ofsnfkx? cg'bfg ju{ # df ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .
� pRr d"No s[lif j:t'x? pTkfbg ug{sf nflu s[lif kmfd{ ljsf; / k|ljlw cg'bfg M o;n] s[ifs ;d"x, s[ifs ;d"x ;dGjo ;ldlt, s[lif jf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/Lx?sf] :jfldTj ePsf / ;f]xL dfkm{t Joj:yfkg / ;~rfng x'g] s[lif kmfd{x? :yfkgf ug{sf] nflu nufgLdf ;xof]u ub{5 . o; cg'bfg ju{sf nflu s[lif pBdLx?n] ;d]t k|:tfljt Joj;fo;Fu ;DalGwt s[lif kmfd{ ljsf; / k|ljlwsfnflu cfj]bg lbg ;Sg]5g . o; cGtu{tsf nufgLsf If]qx?df -!_ Rofp v]tL -@_ df}/L kfng -#_ kmfd{ k|ljlw h; cGtu{t -s_ pTkfbg k"jf{wf/x?- ;fgf l;+rfO{, hn ;+sng÷e08f/0f k|ljlw, s[lif oflGqs/0f cf}hf/ pks/0fx?, g;{/L -v_ kmfd{sf] cfkm\gf] pTkfbgsf] nflu cfjZos jfnL s6fgL kl5sf]nflu k"jf{wf/x? h:t} ;+sng, ;/;kmfO{ / u|]l8Ë z]8, e08f/0f ;'ljwf -u_ kmfd{ txdf ul/g] d"No clea[l4 s[ofsnfkx? nufot cw{ k|zf]wg, aNs Kofs]lhË, 9'jfgL -3_ tfnLd, k|ljlw k|bz{g, lk5l8Psf s[ifs ;d"x, s[lif jf ax'p2]zLo ;xsf/Lsf] :jfldTj / Joj:yfkgdf
14
ul/g] cg';Gwfg . o;sf] nflu ;DalGwt s[ifs ;d"x jf ;xsf/Lx?n] cfj]bg lbg ;Sg]5g\ . o;sf ;fy} gjLg ;f]r / sfo{qmd k|:t't ug{ ;Sg] s[lif Joj;fodf ;+nUg lghL pBdL / sDkgLx?n] o; k|sf/sf] cg'bfg ;xof]u dfu ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
� pTkfbg pk|fGtsf pRr d"No s[lif a:t'df nufgL cg'bfgM o:tf] k|sf/sf] ;xof]u s[lif j:t'x?sf] k|zf]wg ;fdu|Lx?sf] v/Lb, h8fg-cfjZos ePdf_, 9'jfgL, pRr d'No s[lif j:t'sf] ;++sng, e08f/0f, u|]l8Ë, k|zf]wg, / ahf/Ls/0f ug{sf nflu /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] nflu ahf/ ;Dks{ :yfkgf ePsf s[lif tyf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/Lx?, ahf/ ljsf; ;ldltx? / s[lif pBf]u tyf kmd{x?n] cfj]bg lbg ;Sg]5g\ .
� ;xsf/L ;xof]uM o; k|sf/sf] ;xof]u Psn ;xof]u xf]Og . cg'bfg ju{ !, @ jf # sf nflu cfj]bg lbg] s[lif jf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/Lx?n] ;xsf/LnfO{ cfjZos sfof{no ;fdu|L / n]vf tyf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL ;'wf/sf] nflu of] cg'bfg ;xof]u k|:tfj ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
� pTkfbg pk|fGtsf sfo{x? / k|zf]wg sfo{sf nflu j}slNks -gjLs/0fLo_ phf{sf] k|of]u M of] cg'bfg klg Psn ;xof]u xf]O{g . of] ;xof]u cg'bfg ju{ –# k|:tfj u/]sf k|:tfjsx?n] Joj;flos of]hgfdf ;dfj]z u/L k|:tfj ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
� cGo vr{: of]Uo cfj]bsn] s[lif Jojzfo pkcfof]hgf ;kmn ?kdf ;Dkgg ug{ cfjZos cGo vr{ h:t} xf]l8{+u af]8{, jfnL tyf lglh{jg jLdfsf] lk|ldod, s[lif j:t' u'0f:t/ kl/If0fsf nflu k|of]uzfnf vr{, k|ltj]bg, cg'udg, n]vf k/LIf0f cflbsf] nflu ;d]t Joj;flos of]hgfdf k|:tfj ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
@= p2]Zo
o; k'l:tsfsf] p2]Zo pkcfof]hgf ;+rfngdf ;+nUg cg'bfgu|fxLnfO{ pkcfof]hgfsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg' /x]sf] 5 / o;sf vf; p2]Zox? lgDg cg';f/ /x]sf]5 .
1. pkcfof]hgfsf] cBfjlws ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ lgb]{zg lbg]
2. pkcfof]hgfsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u ug]{
3. pkcfof]hgf cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg sf] cfwf/ to ug]{
#= pkcfof]hgf ;+emf}tfsf] hfgsf/L
pkcfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lqkIfLo ;+emf}tf ePkl5 cg'bfgu|fxLn] cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qdf u} pkcfof]hgfsf ;xsdL{÷;fem]bf/ / ;+:yf, ;d"x jf sDkgLsf sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] a}7s jf]nfO{ pkcfof]hgf :jLs[t ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 . o;sf] Joxf]/f a}7ssf] lg0f{o k'l:tsfdf lgDg cg';f/ /fVg' kg]{5 .
• pkcfof]hgfsf] gfd
15
• cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfsf] k'/f gfd / 7]ufgf
• nfeflGjt ;d"x -pkcfof]hgfdf ;+nUg 3/w'/L÷JolQm ;+VofM dlxnftyf k'?if ;lxt hftLut cfwf/df_
• pkcfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo / d"No >+[vnftyf sfo{ -h:t}M pTkfbg, ;+sng, k|zf]wg cflb_
• ck]lIftpknlAwx?-;+VofTds / u'0ffTds_
• pkcfof]hgfsf] s"n nfut /sd, pkcfof]hgfsf nflu cfof]hgf jf6 k|fKt cg'bfg /sd / cg'bfgu|fxLn] Joxf]g]{ /sd
• pkcfof]hgf ;+rfngsf nflu cGo lgsfox?jf6 k|fKt /sd / vr{sf s[ofsnfkx?
• ;+rfng x'g] cjlw -;'? tyf clGtd ldlt_
• cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfsf] cWoIf jf sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] gfd / ;Dks{ 6]lnkmf]g gDa/
• pkcfof]hgf Joa:yfkssf] gfd / ;Dks{ 6]lnkmf]g gDa/
#= pkcfof]hgf sfof{no :yfkgf
k|To]s pkcfof]hgfn] cfk\mgf] kfos kg]{ / pkcfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] 7fpFdf pkcfof]hgf sfof{no :yfkgf u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L cfof]hgfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . o:tf] hfgsf/Ldf sfof{nosf] :ki6 7]ufgf, kmf]g gDj/ / ;Dks{ JolQmsf] gfd ;d]t lbg' kg]{5 .
$= pkcfof]hgf :yndf xf]l8{Ë af]8{ /fVg] M
cfof]hgf jf6 cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{ k|To]s pkcfof]hgfn] pkcfof]hgfsf] lgDg cg';f/sf] xf]l8{Ë af]8{ clgjfo{ ?kdf pkcfof]hgf :yndf /fVg' kb{5 .
-!_ %×&ju{ lkm6ePsf] ;]tf] l6gsf] kftfdf /ftf] cIf/sf] /Ë gp8\g] u/L /fVg] .
-@_ xf]l8Ë af]8{ pkcfof]hgf sfof{no tyf pkcfof]hgf :yndf /fVg]
-#_ xf]l8{Ë af]8{ sf7 jf kmnfdsf] k|m]ddf 6fF;L xfjf x'/Ln] ;lhn};+u 9fNg g;Sg] u/L 78\ofpg] .
-$_ s;} u/L xfjfx'/Ln] 9fn]df t'?Gt} xf]l8{Ë af]8{ k'gM:yflkt ug]{ .
-%_ xf]l8Ë af]8{ ;se/ w]/} dflg;x?n] :ki6 ?kdf b]lvg] u/L /fVg] .
-^_ xf]l8Ë af]8{ cfof]hgf ;+emf}tf ePsf] ! dlxgf leq /flv ;Sg' kg]{5 .
16
xf]l8Ë af]8{sf] gd'gf cg';"rL ! df lbOPsf]5 .
%= pkcfof]hgfsf] cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L
pkcfof]hgf ;DjlGw cfwf/e"t hfgsf/Lsf] clen]v /lhi6/df jf gf]6a'sdf jf sDKo'6/df /fVg' kg]{5 / o:tf] clen]vdf lgDg ljj/0fx? ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 . o;sf nflu lhNNff :tl/of ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf tyf If]lqo :t/sf] u}= ;= ;= n] ;xof]u ug]{5 .
%=! kl/ro
pkcfof]hgfsf] 5f]6s/L ljj/0f n]Vg] h:t} pkcfof]hgf s] ljifosf] xf], sxfF ;~rfng x'G5, slt nfutsf] xf], nfut ;fem]bf/L s:tf] 5 / slxn] ;DkGg x'g]5 cflb .
%=@= p2]Zo
pkcfof]hgf ;+emf}tf kq;fy ;+nUg :jLs[t pkcfof]hgfdf pNn]lvt p2]Zo x'jx' ;fg]{ .
%=#= pkcfof]hgfsf d"Vo ls|ofsnfkx?
o;df :jLs[t pkcfof]hgfdf pNn]lvt s[ofsnfkx? dWo] clt dxTjk"0f{ s]xL s[ofsnfk dfq pNn]v ug'{ kb{5 .
%=$= pkcfof]hgfsf] sf]z] 9'+uf
o;df pkcfof]hgfsf] s] s:tf s[ofsnfk jf pknJwL slxn] / slt kl/df0fdfxflzn ul/g] ck]Iff ul/Psf]5 ;f] s'/f :jLs[t pkcfof]hgfdf pNn]v u/] cg';f/g} /fVg' kb{5 .o;sf nflu cg';"rL @ cg';f/sf] kmf/fd e/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
%=%;+nUg ;b:ox?sf] ljj/0f M
pkcfof]hgf ;~rfngdf ;+nUg ;b:ox? eGgfn] pTkfbg pkcfof]hgfsf] xsdf pTkfbgdf efu lng] s[ifs ;d"x jf ;xsf/L ;b:ox?, k|;f]wg jf jhfl/s/0f ;DjlGw pkcfof]hgfsf] xsdf ;f]sfo{df k|ToIf ?kn] ;+nUg ;b:o jf ;xsdL{ a'em\g' kb{5 . o;sf] ljj/0f cg';"rL # adf]lhdsf] tflnsfdf /fVg' kb{5 .
17
%=^ ;+nUg ;b:ox?sf] cfwf/ cj:yf
pkcfof]hgf ;+rfng ug]{ ;+:yfx?n] cfˆgf ;xefuL s[ifs ;b:ox?sf] pkcfof]hgf ;+rfng x'g' cl3sf] cj:yf o;df pNn]v ug'{ kb{5 tfls kl5 pkcfof]hgf ;DkGg eP kl5sf] cj:yf;+u xfnsf] cj:yf t'ngf ug{ ;lsof];\ .cg'bfg ju{ # sf] pkcfof]hgfn] o:tf] ljj/0f cfkm\gf] pkcfof]hgf ;+rfng x'g'k"j{sf]cj:yfsf ;fy}s/f/df pRr d"No s[lif pTkfbg ug]{ k|To]s s[ifs ;d'x÷;xsf/Lx?sf] ;d]t/fVg' kg]{5 .o;sf nflu cg';"rL $ cg';f/sf] kmf/fd e/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
o;/L tof/ u/]sf] laj/0fsf cfwf/df pQm ;d'x jf ;xsf/Lsf] Psd'i7 laj/0f cg';"rL % cg';f/sf] kmf/fd e/L cfof]hgfdf oyf;So rfF8f] k7fpg'kg]{ 5 .
%=&=kmfd{ cf}hf/ tyf k|ljlw k|of]usf] cfwf/ cj:yf
pkcfof]hgfdf ;+nUg ;b:ox?sf] xfn e} /fv]sf cf}hf/, pks/0f, d]lzg/L cflbsf] cj:yf o;df pNn]v ug'{ kb{5 . -pkcfof]hgfdf ;+nUg ;b:ox?sf] Psd'i7 ?kdf ;+ej eP ;Dd kl/df0f jf ;+Vof cg';"rL ^ cg';f/sf] kmf/fd e/L pNn]v ug]{_
^= pkcfof]hgf ;~rfns ;ldltsf] u7g
k|To]s pkcfof]hgfdf Pp6f æpk–cfof]hgf ;~rfns ;ldltÆ u7g ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f]sf] ljj/0f sfof{nodf ;j}n] b]Vg] 7fpFdf /fVg' kb{5 . pkcfof]hgfsf] :t/ x]/L ;~rfns ;ldltsf] cfsf/ ;d"x÷;xsf/L sf] xsdf slDtdf %hgf / cGosf] xsdf slDtdf # ;b:oLo / a9Ldf ( ;b:oLo x'g ;Sg]5 .o;/L ;+rfns ;ldlt u7g ubf{ s[lif cg'bfg sf]ifsf] /sdaf6 sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ pk cfof]hgf;+u cfj4 ;j} ;+:yfx?sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g'kg]{ 5 . o;/L u7g ul/g] ;ldltdf pk cfof]hgfsf] Joj:yfksn] ;b:o ;lrj eO{ sfo{ ug]{5 .
&= ;~rfns ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] sfo{ lhDd]jf/L tf]Sg]
;~rfns ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] sfo{ lhDd]jf/L tf]Sbf ;DjlGwt ;b:osf] sfo{Ifdtf / bIftfsf] cfwf/df ljz]if lhDd]jf/L tf]Sg' kb{5 . o:tf ljz]if lhDd]jf/Ldf jhf/ ;Dks{ :yfkgf ug]{, cfk\mgf] pTkfbgsf] k}/jL ug]{, cfk'lt{ Joj:yf ldnfpg], kf/blz{tf sfod ug]{, pkcfof]hgf lqmofsnfkx?sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ / pk cfof]hgf;+u ;DalGwt ;j} ;"rgfx?sf] clen]v sfod ug]{ h:tf sfo{ x'g ;S5g\ .
18
*= v/Lb ;ldltsf] u7g ug]{M
pkcfof]hgfsf] nflu dfn;fdfg÷pks/0f v/Lb ubf{ / pkcfof]hgf ;DaGwL lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpg' kbf{ pkcfof]hgf ;~rfng ;ldlt leqaf6} k|ltlglwTj x'g] ul/ lgDg adf]lhd ;+of]hs / ;b:ox? /x]sf] v/Lb ;ldlt u7g ug'{ kg]{5 .
-s_ cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfsf] cWoIf jf sfo{sf/L k|d'v ;+of]hs
-v_] ;+rfns ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/L tf]s]sf] Ps hgf ;+rfns ;ldlt ;b:o ;b:o
-3_ pk—cfof]hgf Joj:yfks ;b:o—;lrj
(= v/Lb -cfk'lt{_ of]hgf tof/ ug]{
:jLs[t Aoj;flos of]hgf adf]lhd pk cfof]hgf cjwLe/cfjZos kg]{ dfn;fdfgsf] jf lgdf{0f kl/df0f ljrf/ u/L s'g ;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{ slxn], sxfFjf6 / s;/L cfk'lt{ ug]{ egL v/Lb ;ldltn]lj:t[t cfk'lt{ of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . o;} cfk'lt{ of]hgfsf] cfwf/df v/Lb ;ldltn] dfn;fdfg v/Lb ug'{ kb{5 . cfk'lt{ of]hgfsf] 9fFrf cg';"rL & df lbOPsf]5 .
!)= v/Lb cfb]z k|fKt ug]{
v/Lb ;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] v/Lb of]hgf ;+:yf jf ;d"xsf] sfo{sf/L ;ldltn] :jLs[t u/L v/Lb cfb]z hf/L u/]kl5 dfq ;fdfg v/Lb ug{ ;lsg]5 .
!!= v/Lb ug]{M
cg'bfgu|fxLn] ;Demf}tf cg'?ksf] j:t' jf ;]jf k|rlnt cfof]hgfsf] v/Lb ;DalGw sfo{ljlw cg'?k v/Lb ug'{ kg]{5 .
!!=! dfn;fdfg÷pks/0f v/Lb k|s[of
!= s'g} klg dfn;fdfg÷pks/0f v/Lb ug'{ k"j{ v/Lb ;ldltn] nfut cg'dfg / ljj/0f (Specification) tof/ u/L v/Lbug{ :jLs[t ug'{ kg]{5 . ?= tLg nfv ;Ddsf] dfn;fdfg÷pks/0f v/Lb ubf{ ;f] dfnf;fdfgsf] ahf/ d"No / u'0f:t/ a'emL Go"gtd d"Nodf lan lnO{ v/Lb ;ldltn] ;f]em} ahf/af6 v/Lb ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@= ?= tLg nfv b]lv dfly ?= kfFr nfv ;Ddsf] dfn;fdfg÷pks/0f v/Lb ubf{ ahf/ efp af/] hfgsf/L lng laleGg laqm]tfaf6 slDtdf # j6f b/efpkq lnO{ k|fKt b/efpkq dWo] cfkm\gf] cfjZostfsf] nflu pko'Qm x'g] dfn;fdfg÷pks/0f k|fKt b/efpkqx? dWo] Go"gtd d"No
19
k|:tfj ug]{ laqm]tfaf6 v/Lb ug'{ kg]{5 / o;/L v/Lb ug]{ lg0f{o ubf{ pkcfof]hgfsf] v/Lb ;ldltn] lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
#= ?= kfFr nfv eGbf dflysf] dfn;fdfg÷pks/0f v/Lb ug'{ kbf{ :jLs[t pkcfof]hgfsf] k|:tfjdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd dfn;fdfg÷pks/0fsf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L pkcfof]hgfsf] ;"rgf kf6L tyf ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] ;]jf k|bfos u}= ;= ;= / lhNnf s[lif lasf; sfof{no, / uf=lj=;= sfof{nodf !% lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ -vfdaGbL b/efpkq cfJxfgsf] ;"rgf 6f “; u/L÷u/fO{ ;f] sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt laqm]tfx?nfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . 6fF; ug]{ u/L k|fKt ;"rgf lhNnf :tl/o u}= ;= ;= / lhNnf s[lif lasf; sfo{nonn] cfˆgf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fF; u/L ;DalGwt cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfnfO{ hfgsf/L k7fpg kg]{ 5 . :yfgLo ahf/df pknAw x'g g;Sg] dfn;fdfg÷pks/0fsf] xsdf :yfgLo klqsfdf, lhNnf ;b/d'sfd tyf :yfgLo ahf/df ;d]t o:tf] ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L vfdaGbL b/efpkq dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
-s_ ;"rgf adf]lhd b/efpkq lbg rfxg] laqm]tfx?n] Ohfht kq / cfo s/ btf{ k|df0f kqsf] kmf]6f]skL ;d]t ;+nUg u/L cfkm"n] lbg rfx]sf] dfn;fdfg÷pks/0fsf] ljj/0f ;lxt lbg rfx]sf] d"No pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ s'/f ;"rgfdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-v_ ;"rgf adf]lhd k|fKt ePsf vfdaGbL d"No k|:tfjx? vfdaGbL b/efpkq bftf jf k|ltlgwL / cGo pkl:yt ;d]tsf] /f]xj/df vf]Ng' kg]{5 . vf]lnPsf b/efpkq bftfsf k|:tfjx?sf] b/efpkqsf] d"NofÍg lgDg adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 . c_ laqm]tfsf] Ohfht kq / d"=c= s/ btf{ eP gePsf] k|df0f x]g'{ kg]{5 . cf_ o:tf] k|df0f k]z ug]{ b/efpkq bftfn] lbPsf] ljj/0f / cfkm"n] dfu ubf{ lbPsf] ljj/0f;“u
t'ngf u/L x]g'{ kg]{5 . t'ngf u/L x]bf{ cfkm"n] lbPsf] ljj/0f;“u ldNg] b/efpkq bftf dWo] Go"gtd /sd k|:tfj ug]{ b/efpkq bftfsf] b/efpkq :jLs[t ug{ dfly pNn]lvt v/Lb ;ldltsf] a}7saf6 :jLs[t u/fO{ ;Demf}tf u/L v/Lb ug{' kg]{5 . o; ;DaGwdf s'g} sl7gfO{ ePdf lhNnf :tl/o u}= ;= ;= / lhNnf s[lif lasf; sfo{nonaf6 k|fljlws ;Nnfx lng ;lsg] 5 . t/ pkcfof]hgfn] s'g} ljpljhg, gZn jf cGo pTkflbt ;fdu|L s[lif ljsf; dGqfno jf cGo s'g} ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 pTkflbt / ljls| ljt/0f x'g] j:t'x? v/Lb ubf{ hlt ;'s} /sd eP klg lgwf{l/t d"Nodf ;f]em} v/Lb ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-u_ dfly pNn]lvt k|lqmofx?df tof/ ul/Psf / k|fKt x'g cfPsf ;a} sfuhftx? pkcfof]hgfdf ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 .
!!=@ lgdf{0f sfd ug]{÷u/fpg] Joj:yf != lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfd ug'{÷u/fpg' k"j{ :jLs[t Aoj;flos of]hgfdf ;dflji6 ePsf sfdsf] nflu
gS;f / nfut cg'dfg cg';f/ ug'{ kg]{5 . @= bkmf ! adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] gS;f / nfut cg'dfg cg';f/ sfd u/fpg' kbf{ v/Lb ;ldltn]
cfjZos lan, e/kfO{, xflh/L cflbsf] clen]v b'?:t /fvL :yfgLo >dsf] pkof]u u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
#= s'g} lgdf{0f sfo{df :yfgLo :t/df pknAw x'g] >daf6 x'g g;Sg] / lgdf{0f ;DaGwL l;k / cg'ejsf] cfjZostf kg]{ ePdf To:tf] sfdsf] nflu dfly bkmf ! df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf]
20
ljj/0f tof/ u/L sfd ug{ OR5's / cg'ej ePsf lgdf{0f Joj;foLx?nfO{ ;Dk{s ug{ sfdsf] 5f]6s/L ljj/0f, sfd z'? ug]{ / ;dfKt ug'{ kg]{ lbg ;d]t v'n]sf] !% lbg ;dofjlw lbO{Psf] ;"rgf uf=lj=;=, lh=lj=;, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no cflbdf 6f“; ug'{ kg]{5 .
$= ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf] clGtd ldlt leq lgdf{0f Joj;foLx?af6 k|fKt ePsf b/efp ;DaGwL sfuhft lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] k|ltlgwL, v/Lb ;ldlt tyf cGo JolQmsf] /f]xj/df vf]ln % lbg leq d"NofÍg u/L lgdf{0f Joj;foLs 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L 5gf}6 ug]{ lg0f{o v/Lb ;ldltsf] a}7saf6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
%= lgdf{0f Joj;foL 5gf}6 ubf{ tf]lsPsf] ;do leq ;a} eGbf sd d"Nodf sfd k'/f ug]{ u/L b/efp k]z ug]{ Joj;foLnfO{ 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
^= v/Lb ;DaGwL lg0f{ox?sf] cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]{M dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ ePsf v/Lb ;DaGwL ;a} lg0f{ox? ;+:yf jf ;d"xsf] sfo{sf/L lgsfosf] a}7sdf Ps dlxgf leq k]z ul/ cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]{ 5 .
&= yk hfgsf/L cfjZos k/]df jf v/Lb ;DaGwL laifodf s'g} yk hfgsf/L cfaZos k/]df lhNnf :tl/o u}= ;= ;= / lhNnf s[lif lasf; sfo{non;+u ;Dks{ u/L hfgsf/L lng ;lsg] 5 .
*= sfuhftx?sf] clen]v /fVg' kg]{M v/Lb k|s[of;+u ;DalGwt ;a} sfuhftx?sf] clen]v pkcfof]hgf ;+rfng cjlwe/L pkcfof]hgf Joj:yfksn] ;'/lIft /fVfL cfjZostf cg';f/ ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/ jfnf nfO{ b]vfpg' kg]{ 5 . cfof]hgfsf] ;xof]udf v/Lb ul/Psf ;fdu|Lx?df cfof]hgfsf] ;+s]t nufO{Psf] x'g'kg]{5 . j:t' jf ;]jf v/Lbsf] k|df0f÷sfuhftsf] k|ltlnkL k|df0fsf] ?kdf cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{df k]z ug'{kg]{5
!@= jfnL kfqf] jf k|;f]wg, jhfl/s/0f sfo{ of]hgf tof/ ug]{
k|To]s pkcfof]hgfn] pkcfof]hgfsf] k|s[lt x]/L jfnL kfqf] jf k|;f]wg jf jhfl/s/0f sfo{ of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . o;} sfo{ of]hgf cg';f/ pkcfof]hgf ;~rfng ug'{ kb{5 . jfnL kfqf]sf] 9fFrf cg';"rL * df / k|;f]wg jhf/Ls/0f sfo{ of]hgfsf] 9fFrf cg';"rL ( df lbOPsf]5 .
!#= v/Lb ul/Psf] ;fdu|Lsf] clen]v /fVg]M
v/Lb ul/Psf ;fdu|Lx?sf]] lj:t[t ljj/0f e/L cg';"rL !) jdf]lhd clen]v /fVg' kb{5 . clen]v /fVg] sfo{ ;fdfg v/Lb ugf{;fy ug'{ kb{5 / o;df ;fdfgsf] d"No slt k/]sf] xf], sxfFjf6 k|fKt ul/of], s:tf] cj:yfdf k|fKt ePsf]5, o;sf] k|of]u sxfF s]df x'g]xf] / k|of]hg Ifdtf slt 5 cyf{t o;sf] k"0f{ ?kdf pkof]u x'G5 jf x'Fb}g ;Dk"0f{ s'/f pnn]v u/]/ /fVg' kb{5 . o;df vr{ eP/ hfg] cyf{t Ps jif{ eGbf jl9 gl6Sg] ;fdfgsf] / vr{ eP/ ghfg] cyf{t Ps jif{ eGbf jl9 l6Sg] ;fdfgsf] 5''§f 5'§} clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 .
21
!$= ;fdu|L vr{ jf k|of]usf] clen]v /fVg]
pkcfof]hgfdf k|fKt ;fdu|L jf ;fdfg, pk/0f jf oGq sf ;fy} lgld{t ;+/rgfx?sf] k|of]u tLg lsl;dsf x'g ;S5g\ .
!= pkef]Uo ;fdfg
o:tf ;fdfg Ps k6s k|of]u eP kl5 k'g k|of]u ug{ ldNb}g / s;}nfO{ k|of]u ug{ lbP kl5 lkmtf{ klg cfpFb}g . h:t} dn, jLp, ljiffbL, vfB ;+ld>0f, k|;f]wgsf nflu pknJw sRrf kbfy{ cflb . o;sf] clen]v cg';"rL !! jdf]lhd /fVg' kb{5 .
@ jf/Djf/ k|of]u x'g] ;fdfg
kmfd{ cf}hf/ / pks/0fx? / 9'jfgL ;fwgx? o; >]0fL cGtu{t kb{5g\ . o:tf ;fdfgx? pkof]u ug{ lb+bf lglZrt cjlwsf] nflu lbOG5 / pkof]u e} ;s] kl5;+:yfdf lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 . o;sf] nflu cg';"rL !@ jdf]lhdsf] clen]v /fVg' kb{5 .
#= k|of]u x'g] :yL/ ;fdfg
e08f/0f 3/, k|;f]wg pks/0f -;fg{ gldNg]_, s[lif pkh bfFO{ ug{] / ;'sfpg] vnf], zLt e08f/, cflb :yL/ ;+/rgf jf pks/0f o; >]0fL leq kb{5g\ . o:tf ;'ljwfx?sf] clwstd k|of]u ug{ ;s]df o;jf6 clwstd nfe lng ;lsG5 . tyfkL cfkm"jf6 clwstd k|of]u x'g g;s]df oL ;'ljwfx? cfjZos kg]{ s;}nfO{ ef8fdf jf o:t} cGo zt{df k|of]u ug{ lbg' kg]{ x'G5 . t;y{ pkcfof]hgfsf o:tf pks/0f jf ;'ljwfsf] k|of]usf] cj:yf s]5 ;f]sf] ljj/0f /fVg' cfjZos k5{ / ;f] ljj/0f cg';"rL !# jdf]lhd /fVg' k5{ . o:tf ;fdfg jf ;'ljwf cGo s;}nfO{ pkof]u ug{ lbPdf cg';"rL !$ jdf]lhdsf] ljj/0f /fVg' kb{5 .
!%= >d kl/rfng ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ ;fgf tyf demf}nf s[ifs cfo:t/ j[l4 cfof]hgfjf6 cg'bfg k|fKt pkcfof]hgfx? >d k|wfg x'g\ / cfof]hgfn] pkcfof]hgf ;~rfngjf6 :yfgLo /f]huf/L >[hgf x'g] ck]Iff u/]sf] 5 . t;y{ k|To]s pkcfof]hgf ;+rfngaf6 jflif{s ?kdf s] s:tf]>d kl/rfng eof]]] ;f]sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . pkcfof]hgfsf] cfsf/ / k|s[lt cg';f/ o:tf] ljj/0f pkcfof]hgf cg';f/ km/s x'g ;S5 tyfkL Ps?ktfsf] nflu ;j} pkcfof]hgfn] cg';"rL !% jdf]lhd >d kl/rfng ljj/0f tof/ ug'{ kb{5 .
22
!^= jflif{s pTkfbg tyf laqmL ljt/0fsf] clen]v /fVg] pkcfof]hgfsf] pTkfbg kl/df0f / ljqmLljt/0fsf] clen]v pTkfbg pkcfof]hgfsf] xsdf cg';"rL !^ adf]lhd k|To]s ;xefuL s[ifx?n] pTkfbg l;hg cg';f/ /fVg' kb{5 . cfof]hgf Aoj:yfksn] ;a} ;b:o s[ifsx?sf] laj/0f lnO{ å}dfl;s ?kdf pTkfbg tyf laqmL ljt/0fsf] clen]v tof/ ul/ ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg cfof]hgfdf k]z ug'{kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} k|;f]wg tyf jhf/Ls/0f pkcfof]hgfsf] xsdf cg';"rL !& adf]lhd pk cfof]hgf Joj:yfksn] k|zf]lwt a:t' pTkfbg tyf laqmL lat/0fsf] clen]v tof/ ul/ ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg cfof]hgfdf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
!&= n]vfkfng
!&=!= vr{ /sd juL{s/0f / /sd vr{ ug]{ tl/sf
s_ Hofnf vr{
s[lifpkh / s[lifhGo pBd ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos k|ljlw lj:tf/ tyf k"jf{wf/ lj:tf/sf] sfddf nufOPsf sfdbf/sf] kfl/>lds o; /sdaf6 e'QmfgL ul/g]5 . Hofnf vr{ n]Vg sfdbf/sf] xflh/L l/s8{ clgjfo{ ?kdf /fVg'k5{ .Hofnf jfkt vr{ /sd e'QmfgL ug{ 8]la6 ef}r/ p7fpg' k5{ h;df e'QmfgL lng] JolQmn] b:tvt u/]sf] xg'k5{ / n]vk9 ug{ ghfGg]sf] xsdf NofKr] ;xL u/fpg'k5{ .
v_ ;fdu|L vr{
k|ljlw lj:tf/ tyf k"jf{wf/ lj:tf/sf nflu v/Lb ul/Psf ;fdu|Lsf] /sd o; lzif{saf6 e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fdu|L v/Lb ubf{ klg 8]la6 ef}r/ g} p7fpg'k5{ . s'g k|sf/sf] ;fdu|L v/Lb ul/Psf] xf] < :ki6 Joxf]/f ef}r/df pNn]v ug'{k5{ .ef}r/ ;fy ljn e/kfO{ ;+nUg /fVg'k5{ . v/Lb ul/Psf ;fdu|Lsf] 9'jfgLdf nfUg] vr{ ;d]t ;fdu|Lsf] d"Nodf ufeL vr{ n]Vg'k5{ .
u_ cGo vr{
km'6s/ vr{– h:t}M :6]zg/L, lrofkfg tyf dflysf juL{s/0f leq gkg]{ ljifoj:t' ;Fu ;DalGwt /sdx? o; lzif{s leq k5{ .km'6s/ vr{sf] ljn ekf{O{ ;+nUg /fvL 8]la6 ef}r/ p7fpg'k5{ . 5'§} ljn e/kfO{ k|fKt gePsf] v08df 8]la6 ef}r/df g} /sd a'em\g]sf] ;xL u/fpg'k5{ .
!&=@= cg'bfg /sd hDdf ug]{ � ;Demf}tf adf]lhd cfof]hgfaf6 pknJwx'g] cg'bfg /sd cg'bfgu|fxLn] ;+rfng u/]sf] 5'§}
a}+s vftfdf hDdf ul/g]5 . of] vftf cg'bfgu|fxL;+:yfsf] lg0f{o adf]lhd slDtdf b'O{ hgfsf]] ;+o'Qm b:tvtaf6 ;~rfng ul/g]5 . o;/L k|fKt x'g] /sd a}+s vftfdf hDdf u/L /sd hDdf u/]sf] lg:;f :j?k a}+s ef}r/ k|fKt ug'{k5{ .
23
� k|fKt cg'bfg /sd a}+ssf] ef}r/sf cfwf/df qm]l86 ef}r/ p7fO{ o; a}+svftfsf] hDdf dxndf cfDbfgL hgfpg'k5{ .
� clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] lnlvt cfb]z jf pkcfof]hgf ;+rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{o a]u/ o; vftfaf6 /sd lemSg x'Fb}g .
� a}+s vftfdf /sd hDdf ubf{ a}+s hDdf dxndf / vr{ ubf{ æ/sd les]sf]Æ dxndf r9fO;s]kl5 s] slt /sd afFsL /xg]5, b'?:t /fVg'k5{ .
� a}+s vftfdf r9fOPsf] sf/f]jf/ dlxg} lkR5] a}+s;Fu le8fpg] ug'{k5{ .
a}+s vftfsf] gd"gf tn lbOPsf]5 .
a}+s vftf
a}ssf] gfdM– pkcfof]hgfsf] gfdM–
7]ufgfM– 7]ufgfM–
vftf g++=M–
ldlt ljj/0f ;Í]t g++=
/sd hDdf /sd lems]sf]
/sd afFsL
! @ # $ % ^
dxn ;Í]t eg'{kg]{ ljifoj:t'
!= sf/f]jf/ ePsf] lbgsf] ldlt n]Vg] .
@= sf/f]jf/sf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f pNn]v ug]{
#= /sd hDdf ubf{sf] a}+s ef}r/ gDa/ jf /sd lemSbfsf] r]s gDa/ pNn]v ug]{
$= a}+sdf s] slt /sd hDdf ul/Psf] xf] ;f] pNn]v ug]{ .
%= a}+saf6 s] slt /sd lems]sf] xf] ;f] pNn]v ug]{ .
24
^= a}sdf afFsL /x]sf] /sd pNn]v ug]{ .
!&=#= a}+ssf] zfvf÷k|zfvf glhs gePsf] 7fpFdf s] ug]{ <
cg'bfgu|fxLn] ;se/ cfkm'nfO{ kfos kg]{, zx/ ahf/ jf ;b/d'sfdsf] a}+sdf cg'bfg /sd hDdf ug'{k5{ . sfo{qmdsf] nflu rflxg] ;fdu|Lsfnflu klg o:tf 7fFpdf hfg kg]{ / a}+s vftfsf] /sd lemls Tot}af6 ahf/ v/Lb ug{ klg o:tf 7fFpdf ;lhnf] kg]{ x'Fbf ;se/ jhf/ If]qdf /x]sf] j}+sdf g} vftf vf]Ng' pko'Qm x'G5 . tyfkL j}+s 6f9f ePsf] cj:yfdf :yfgLo ?kdf b}lgs vr{ e'QmfgLsf nflu sl/a xKtf, b'O{ xKtfnfO{ k'Ug] u/L ;d"x dWo]sf s'g} lhDd]jf/ JolQmsf] lhDdfdf s]xL /sd k]ZsL lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . of] k]ZsL /sdaf6 e'QmfgL eO;s]sf vr{sf] ljn e/kfO{ lnO{ k]ZsL km5Øf{]6 ug'{k5{ . To;kl5 ;f]xL cfwf/df 8]la6 ef}r/ p7fO{ cfDbfgL÷vr{ vftfsf] vr{ v08tkm{ vr{ r9fpg'k5{ .
!&=$= gubL /;Lb
cfof]hgfsf] nflu k|fKt cg'bfg /sdnfO{ cg'bfgu|fxL s[ifs;d"x÷d"No >[Înfsf ;xefuLsf] gfddf vf]lnPsf] a}+s vftfdf hDdf ug'{k5{ . a}+s vftfdf hDdf ePsf] k|df0f :j?k a}+s ef}r/ lng' k5{ . of] a+}s ef}r/sf] cfwf/df gubL /;Lb eg'{k5{ .
gubL /;Lb ebf{ sfa{g k|lt ;d]t tof/ ug'{k5{ . o;/L tof/ kfl/Psf]] gubL /;Lb dWo] ;Ssn k|lt cfof]hgf;dIf k]z ug'{k5{ . csf]{ k|lt qm]l86 ef}r/sf ;fy gTyL /fVg'k5{ .
gubL /;Lbsf] gd"gf lgDg k|sf/sf] 5 .
/l;b g+=
gubL /l;b
o;===================================== af6 sfof{Gjog x'g] ===================================================== sfo{qmd
cGtu{t ======================================================================================================= sfo{sf] nflu >L
============================================================== af6 hDdf ?= ============================================== cIf/]kL
======================================================================================= ;wGojfb k|fKt eof] .
25
!&=%= ef}r/sf] k|of]u
s= qm]l86 ef}r/
• k|fKt cfDbfgLsf] lx;fj r9fpg' cufj} qm]l86 ef}r/ tof/ kfg'{k5{ . ef}r/ p7fpFbf ;f] ef}r/sf] ljj/0fdf s'g s'g k|of]hgsf] nflu /sd k|fKt ePsf] xf] ;f] :ki6 v'nfpg'k5{ .
• cfDbfgLsf] k|dfl0ft sfuhft– h:t}, a}+s ef}r/, gubL /;Lb cflb qm]l86 ef}r/;fy ;+nUg ug'{k5{ .
• qm]l86 ef}r/x?df l;nl;n]jf/ gDa/ /fVg'k5{ . h:t}, qm]=ef}=g+= !, qm]=ef}=g+= @ ======= cflb .
• qm]l86 ef}r/x?nfO{ qmdzM cfDbfgL÷vr{ vftfsf] cfDbfgL v08 tkm{ r9fpg'k5{ .
• qm]l86 ef}r/ adf]lhdsf] sf/f]jf/ r9fPsf] 5, 5}g lglZrt ug{ cfDbfgL÷vr{ vftfsf] ;DalGwt kfgf gDa/ qm]l86 ef}r/df r9fpg'k5{ .
• qm]l86 ef}r/x?nfO{ l;nl;n]jf/ gDa/ ldnfO{ Pp6f 5'§} kmfOndf gTyL u/L /fVg'k5{ .
v= 8]la6 ef}r/
• vr{ /sdsf] 8]la6 ef}r/ p7fpg'k5{ .
• 8]la6 ef}r/df vr{sf] :ki6 ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{k5{ . h:t} Hofnf, ;fdu|L, pk/s/0f v/Lb cflb .
• 8]la6 ef}r/df kfpg]sf] :ki6 ;xL x'g'k5{ / ;fydf k|dfl0ft ljn, e/kfO{ ;+nUg /fVg'k5{ .
• 8]la6 ef}r/x?nfO{ l;nl;n]jf/ gDa/ ldnfO{ Pp6f 5'§} kmfOndf gTyL /fVg'k5{ .
• qm]l86 ef}r/df h:t} 8]la6 ef}r/df klg 5'§} l;nl;n]jf/ gDa/ /fVg'k5{ . h:t} 8]=ef}=g+= !, 8]=ef}=g+= @ cflb .
• ef}r/x? r9fPsf] 5, 5}g olsg ug{ cfDbfgL tyf vr{ vftfsf] ;DalGwt kfgf gDa/ 8]lj6 ef}r/df r9fpg' k5{ .
26
8]la6÷qm]l86 ef}r/sf] gd"gf tn lnOPsf] 5 .
8]la6÷q]ml86 ef}r/
pkcfof]hgfsf] gfdM– ef}r/ ;+VofM–
sf]8 g+M
7]ufgfM– ldltM–
ljj/0f kfgf g+= /sd s}lkmot
! @ # $
a'lemlng]sf] ;xLM– r]s g+=M–
gfd, y/M– /sd -cIf/]kL_M–
k]z ug]{sf] b:tvtM– :jLs[t ug]{sf] b:tvtM–
gfd, y/M– gfd, y/M–
kbM– kbM–
ldltM– ldltM–
!&=^= cfDbfgL÷vr{ vftf
o cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg sfof{noaf6 s] slt gub cg'bfg k|fKt eof], To;dWo] s] slt vr{ eO{ slt df}Hbft afFsL 5 < ljj/0fsf nflu cfDbfgL÷vr{ vftf /fVg'k5{ .
o cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg sfof{noaf6 k|bfg ul/Psf] cg'bfg /sdnfO{ cfDbfgL÷vr{ vftfsf] cfDbfgLv08tkm{ r9fpg'k5{ .
27
o To:t} ;f] cg'bfg /sdaf6 e'QmfgL ul/g] /sdx?nfO{ of] vftfsf] vr{v08 tkm{ r9fpg'k5{ . -cfDbfgL÷vr{ vftfsf] dxn %,^,& dWo] s'g k|s[ltsf] xf] . ;f]xL cg';f/ r9fpg] _ .
o tn k|ljlw lj:tf/ / k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{qmddf cfwfl/t gd"gf k|bz{g ul/Psf] 5 . nufgL lj:tf/sf nflu cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{ cg'bfgu|fxL s[lifhGo Jofkf/ Joj;foL ;d"xn] /Ltk"j{ssf] Jofj;flos n]vf / n]vf ljj/0f tof/ ug'{kg]{5 .
cfDbfgL÷vr{ vftfsf] gd"gf tn lbOPsf] 5 .
cfDbfgL÷vr{ vftf
pkcfof]hgfsf] gfdM
sf]8 g+M
7]ufgfM–
Eff}=g+= ldlt ljj/0f cfDbfgL ?=
vr{ df}Hbft afFsL Hofnf ;fdu|L cGo hDdf
! @ # $ % ^ & * (
qm]]=ef}=g+=! k|yd ls:tf !%),))) !%),)))
8]]=ef}=g+=! -e/kfO{ ;+nUg_
Hofnf %),))) !)),)))
8]]=ef}=g+=! -ljn e/kfO{ ;+nUg_
;fdu|L (),))) !),)))
28
cfDbfgL÷vr{ vftf lgDgfg';f/ eg'{k5{ .
• ef}=g+=M– ef}r/x?sf] l;nl;n]jf/ gDa/ h:t}, cfDbfgL tkm{sf] eP qm]=ef}=g+= !, q]m=ef}=g+= @ . To:t} vr{ tkm{sf] eP 8]=ef}=g+=,!, 8]=ef}=g+= @ cflb .
• ldltM– ef}r/ cg';f/ sf/f]af/ ePsf] ldlt
• ljj/0fM– cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f . h:t}, cfDbfgL tkm{ klxnf] ls:tf k|fKt, bf];|f] ls:tf k|fKt cflb . To:t} vr{ tkm{ %) hgfsf] Hofnf e'QmfgL, ;fdu|L v/Lb jfkt e'QmfgL .
• cfDbfgLM– cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg sfof{noaf6 k|fKt ePsf] cg'bfg /sd .
• vr{M– o; dxnnfO{ Hofnf, ;fdu|L / cGo u/L # efudf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . vr{sf] k|s[lt x]/L ;DalGwt dxndf vr{ /sd eg'{k5{ .
• afFsLM– cfDbfgLaf6 vr{ s6fO{ afFsL /x]sf] /sd . k|To]s cfDbfgL jf vr{sf] sf/f]jf/nfO{ r9fO{;s]kl5 df}Hbft afFsL b]vfpg'k5{ .
• cg'bfgu|fxL s[ifs ;d"x jf cGo d"No>[Înfsf ;xeflusf ;xeflutf jfktsf] >dbfg, ;fdu|L ;Ísngsf] lx;fa /fVg 5'§} clen]v /flvg] x'Fbf tL lx;fax? cfDbfgL÷vr{ vftfdf r9fpg' kb}{g .
!*= vr{ / cfDbfgLsf] ljj/0f /fVg]
pkcfof]hgf ;~rfngsf] vr{ / pkcfof]hgfjf6 k|fKt pTkfbg ljqmLjf6 k|fKt cfDbfgLsf] ljj/0f k|To]s pkcfofhgfn] jflif{s ?kdf cg';"rL !* cg';f/ /fVg' kg]{5
!(= pkcfof]hgf k|ult k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{
k|To]s cg'bfgu|fxLn] å}dfl;s ?kdf cfˆgf] Joj;fosf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg / ljlQo k|ltj]bgx? pQm cjwL k"/f ePsf] Ps xKtf leq cfof]hgfdf j'emfO ;Sg'kg]{5 . Ps jif{ eGbf a9LcjwL ePsf pkcfof]hgfx?n] aflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg / ljlQo k|ltj]bg k|To]s Joj;flos jif{ k'/f ePsf] !% lbg leqdf j'emfO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 . pkcfof]hgfsf] cjwL ;DkGg eO{;s]kl5 pQm Joj;fosf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg tyf ljlQo k|ltj]bg !% lbg leq a'emfO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 .
29
cg'bfgu|fxLx?n] k|ltj]bgsf] On]S6«f]lgs k|lt ;d]t k]z ug{'kg]{5 . k|ltj]bgsf] On]S6«f]lgs k|lt cfof]hgfsf] O{d]n 7]ufgfdf jf l;=l8=sf] dfWodaf6 k]z ug{ ;lsg] 5 . Od]ndfkm{t k7fOPsf k|ltj]bgsf] lzif{ k[i7df k|ltj]bsn] cfˆgf] x:tfIf/ / 5fk:Sofg u/L /fVg'kg]{5 .
k|To]s k|ltj]bgsf] @ k|lt cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{, g]kfnu~hdf / Ps k|lt ;DjlGwt lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfo{nodf j'emfpg' kg]{5 .
å}dfl;s÷jflif{s÷Joj;fo ;DkGgef}lts k|ultk|ltj]bgsf] 9fFrf cg';'rL !( df / ljQLo k|ltj]bgsf] 9fFrf cg';"rL @) df lbOPsf] 5 .
@)= pkcfof]hgf cg'udg
k|To]s pkcfof]hgfn] cfk\mgf] Joj;fosf] lg/Gt/ cg'udg ug'{ kb{5 / cg'udgjf6 b]lvPsf sld sdhf/Lx?nfO{ ;'wfb{} hfg' kb{5 . cfof]hgfaf6 cg'bfgu|fxL s[ifs;d"xjf cGo d"No>[Înfsf ;xefuL ;d"xnfO{ pknJw u/fPsf] /sd h'g p2]Zon] pknAw u/fOPsf] xf] ;f]xL p2]Zo cg'?k sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5 5}g olsg ug{ cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg OsfO{n] ;do ;dodf lg/LIf0f Pjd\ cg'udg ug{ ;Sg]5 .o;sf ;fy} cfof]hgfsf ;/f]sf/ lgsfojf6 x'g] cg'udg sf nflu pkcfof]hgf sfof{no / pkcfof]hgf ;~rfng :yndf cg'udgstf{nfO{ lgjf{w?kdf k|j]z ug{ lbg' kb{5 . pkcfof]hgfsf ;/f]sf/jfnfjf6 ul/Psf] cg'udgjf6 k|fKt ;'emfx?nfO{ cg'bfgu|fxLn] u|x0f / sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{5 .
@!= pkcfof]hgfsf] n]vf k/LIf0f u/fpg]
k|To]s cg'bfgu|fxLn] g]kfn rf6{/ Psfp6]G6 ;+:yf -ICAN_df cfj4 n]vf k/LIfsnfO{ pkcfof]hgfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{sf] nflu lgo'Qm ug'{kg]{5 / Joj;fo ;DkGg k|ltj]bgsf ;fy n]vf k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
@@= ;fj{hlgs ;'gfO{/;dLIff
cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfn] pkcfof]hgf z'?ug'{k"j{ ! k6s / ;DkGg eP kZrft ! k6s clgjfo{ u/L slDtdf # k6spkcfof]hgfsf ultljlw / k|ultx? :yfgLo hgtf / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ cjut u/fO{ cfjZos /fo ;'emfj k|fKt ug{ ;fj{hlgs ;dLIff÷;'g'jfO{sf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{ 5 . o;sf] k|zf/0f :yfgLo, If]qLo jf /fli6«o k|zf/0f dfWodaf6 ug{ ;lsg]5 .
30
@@=!=pkcfof]hgfsf] ;fj{hlgs ;dLIff ljlw
cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] ;'ljwf cg';f/ ;DjlGwt uf= lj= ;= jf s[lif ;]jf s]Gb| jf pks]Gb| jf
cGo pko'Qm :yfgdf ;fj{hlgs ;'gfO{ sfo{qmd /fVg ;Sg]5g\ . ;fj{hlgs ;dLIff⁄;'g'jfO{{sf] ;do, ldlt / :yfg lgwf{l/0f u/L b]xfosf ;+:yfx?nfO{ k|ltlgwL k7fpg lnlvt cfdGq0f ug'{ kb{5 .
� lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfo{no
� :yfgLo s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|
� uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf
� cfof]hgfsf] lhNnf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf
� cfof]hgf Aoj:yfkg OsfO{
� pkcfof]hgfsf] s[ofsnfk;+u ;DjlGwt laifodf sfo{ug]{ s'g} ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfo tyf ;d"x
� pkcfof]hgfn] ;]jf k'¥ofpg] ;]jfu|fxLx?sf k|ltlglw
� :yfgLo /fhg}lts bnsf k|ltlglwx?
� :yfgLo k|];÷ldl8of
� :yfgLo k|x/L÷sfof{no÷kf]i6
� :yfgLo o'jf Snjx?
� :yfgLo ljBfno
� :yfgLo ;xsf/L jf ;d"xx?
� ;xsf/Lsf] xsdf ;DjlGwt l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nosf] k|ltlglw
o;sf ;fy} ;fj{hlgs ;dLIff⁄;'g'jfO{{df ;s[o ;xefuL x'g ;j{;fw/0fx?nfO{ ljgd| cg'/f]w ul/Psf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfn] b]xfosf] :yfgdf clgjfo{ ?kdf 6fF; u/L cfdGq0f ug]{' kg]{ 5 .
� :yfgLo÷gu/kflnsf÷uflj; ejg
� j8f sfof{no
� :yfgLo ljBfnox?
� :yfgLo ;/sf/L sfof{nox?
� :yfgLo ;fd'bflos ;+3 ;+:yfx?
sfo{qmd ;fwf/0f / 5f]6f] ?kdf ;~rfng ul/g' kb{5 . cgfjZos t8s e8s ug{x'Gg .;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ cfof]hgfsf] nfut / cg'bfg k|fKt /sd / To;af6 k|fKt pknlAw tyf k|ltkmnaf/]
31
k|sfz kf/] kl5 ;xefuLx?sf]] lh1f;f lg?k0f ug{ 5nkmn sfo{qmdnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ Jojl:yt tyf dof{lbt 9+uaf6 ;~rfng ug'{ kb{5 .
pkcfof]hgfsf] ;fj{hlgs ;dLIfsf] k|ltj]bg lgDgfg';f/ k]z ug'{ kb{5 .
@@=@= ;fj{hlgs ;dLIff k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{
pkcfof]hgfn] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ ;DkGg eP kl5 cg'';"rL @! df pNn]lvt 9fFrfdf k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L cfof]hgfdf j'emfpg' kg]{5 .
@#= cfuGt's k'l:tsf /fVg]
pkcfof]hgf sfof{nodf Pp6f cfuGt's k'l:tsf /fVg' kg]{5 h;df pkcfof]hgf cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f ug{ cfpg] hf]sf]xLn] cfk\mgf] k|lts[of Pjd\ ;'emfjx? lbg ;Sg]5g\ . o:tf k|lts[of tyf ;'emjx?n] pkcfof]hgf sfof{Gjogdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5 . cfuGt's k'l:tsfsf] 9fFrf cg';"rL@@ df lbOPsf] 5 .
@$= e'QmfgL k|s[of
pkcfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfof]hgf, g]kfn /fi6« a}+s tyf cg'bfgu|fxL lar lqklIfo ;Demf}tf ;DkGg eP kZrft cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfsf] dfusf] cfwf/df hDdf cg'bfg /sdsf] @) k|ltzt ;DDfsf] /sd k]ZsL :j?k cfof]hgfn] a}+s dfkm{t cg'bfg e'QmfgL ug]{5 . cfof]hgfsf] cg'bfg /sd ? @%,)),))).– eGbf a9L x'g] cg'bfgu|fxLn] k]ZsL /sd a/fj/sf] a}+s Uof/]G6L k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfn] ;Demf}tfdf ;dfj]z ePsf sfo{ of]hgf, nfut ;fem]bf/L tyf sf]z] 9'+uf adf]lhdsf lgwf{l/t sfo{ tyf pknlAwx? lgwf{l/t ;dodf ldtJolotfsf ;fy ;Gtf]ifhgs ?kdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{ 5 .
cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfn] k|ltj]bg cjwL ;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x? ;Gtf]ifhgs ?kdf ;DkGg ul/ yk ls:tf cg'bfg dfu ug'{ kg]{ 5 . cg'bfg dfu ug]{ 9fFrf cg';"rL @# df ;+nUg 5 . ;+emf}tf adf]lhd ls:tf dfu ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf jl9df #) lbgsf] ;do lbO{ cof]hgfn] cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfnfO{ tfs]tf ug]{5 . cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfn] al9df csf]{ #) lbg cjlw ;Dd cjwLyk ug{ cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 . t/ pkcfof]hgfsf] cg'/f]w adf]lhd cjlw yk ug]{÷gug]{ clwsf/ cfof]hgfdf ;'/lIft /xg] 5.clGtd ls:tf dfu ubf{ Aoj;fo ;DkGg k|ltj]bg ;fy pkcfof]hgfsf] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ k|ltj]bg / n]vf kl/If0f k|ltj]bg ;d]t k]z ug'{kg]{5 .
32
cg'bfg e'QmfgLsf] Go"gtd zt{sf ?kdf cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfx?n] ls:tf e'QmfgLsf] nflu cg';"rL @$ cGtu{tsf b'j} kmf/fd e/L b]xfoadf]lhdsf] lgj]bg;fy b]xfosf k|ltj]bg ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-s_ ;xefuL÷nfeflGjt ju{ ljj/0f -k]ZsL /sdsf] nflu dfqcg'R5]b %=% Afdf]lhd_
-v_;+nUg ;b:ox?sf] cfwf/ cj:yf -k]ZsL /sdsf] nflu dfq cg'R5]b %=^ Afdf]lhd_
-u_ pkcfof]hgfsf] ef}lts k|utL k|ltj]bg -cg';"rL!(, adf]lhd_
-3_ pkcfof]hgfsf] ljlQo k|utL k|ltj]bg -cg';"rL, @) adf]lhd_
-ª_ pkcfof]hgf Aoj:yfks af6 k|dfl0ft u/L lalQo k|utL cg'?ksf vr{sf lan, ekf{Ox?sf] 5fofk|ltx?
-r_ ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{sf] k|ltj]bg -cg';"rL@! adf]lhd_
-5_ n]vf kl/If0f k|ltj]bg -clGtd ls:tfsf] nflu dfq_
pkcfof]hgfaf6 cg'bfg ls:tf dfu u/L lgj]bg k|fKt x'g cfPsf] ldltn] al9df & sfo{ lbg leq cfof]hgfsf] :ynut cg'udg 6f]nLn]n] ;DalGwt pkcfof]hgfsf] cg'udg u/L pkcfof]hgfsf] :ynut pknAwL cg'udg k|ltj]bg -cg';'rL @%_ cfof]hgfdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
:ynut cg'udg 6f]nLaf6 l;kmfl/; k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] & sfo{lbg leq cg'bfg e'QmfgL lbg dgfl;j eP cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg clws[tn]cfof]hgf k|d'v ;dIf lg0f{osf nflu k]z ug]{ jf pkcfof]hgfsf] k|utL lgwf{/0f ul/Psf sf]z]9'+uf / pknAwLx? cg';f/sf] gePdf ;DjGwLt cg'bfgu|fxLnfO{ lnlvt ?kdf ;f] k'/f ug{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] 5 .
@%= sfo{lalw ;+;f]wg
o; lgb]{lzsfnfO{ cfof]hgfn] cg'bfgu|fxL tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;'emfj tyf ;NnfxnfO{ ;d]t b[li6ut u/L PlzofnL a}+s tyf cfof]hgf lgb]{zg ;ldltsf] :jLs[ltdf ;dofg's"n kl/dfh{g tyf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
33
cg';"rL !M xf]l8{+u af]8{sf] gd"gf
g]kfn ;/sf/ s[lif ljsf; dGqfno s[lif ljefu
;fgf tyf demf}nf s[ifs cfo:t/ a[l4 cfof]hgf sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ;+rflnt
-pkcfof]hgfsf] gfd_ -7]ufgf_
pkcfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ ;+:yf M = 7]ufgf M pk cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo M
M != @=
d"No >[+vnf M cg'dflgt pknlAw
M != @= #=
pkcfof]hgfsf] d"Vo s[ofsnfk
M != @= #= $= %=
nfeflGjt kl/jf/ / ;+Vof M s"n M dlxnfM k'?ifM
;+:yfsf] cWoIfsf] gfd M 6]lnkmf]g g+= M
M M
lhDd]jf/ AoQmLsf] gfd M 6]lnkmf]g g+= M
M M
s"n nfut s"n M cg'bfg M ? - _ ;fem]bf/L /sd ? - _
;+rfng x'g] cjlw
M z'? M M ;DkGg M
34
cg';"rL @M pk cfof]hgfsf] sf]z]9'Ëf ljj/0f qm=;+= lqmofsnfk k|d'v pknJwL OsfO{ kl/df0f s}lkmot
35
cg';"rL #M pk cfof]hgfdf ;+nUg ;b:ox?sf] ljj/0f
s||=;= gfd 7]ufgf lnË hftLotf5555 lzIff6666
5blnt, hghftL cGo 6lg/If/, ;fIf/, k|fylds tx, dfWoflds tx, P;\Pn;L jf ;f] eGbf dfly
36
s||=;= gfd 7]ufgf lnË hftLotf lzIff
37
cg';"rL $M ;+nUg ;b:ox?sf] cfwf/ cj:yf
qm=;+ ;b:osf] gfd hDdf hUuf pd"jf7777 sf] If]qkmn
pTkfbg laqmL kl/df0f cfDbfgL ?
pd'jf jf6 cGo >f]tjf6
7pRr d"No jfnL
38
qm=;+ ;b:osf] gfd hDdf hUuf pd"jf7777 sf] If]qkmn
pTkfbg laqmL kl/df0f cfDbfgL ?
pd'jf jf6 cGo >f]tjf6
39
cg';"rL %M ;d"x÷;xsf/Lsf] cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L ;"rs* OsfO{ jt{dfg cj:yf cg'dflgt kl/jt{g ;d"x÷;xsf/L ;+nUg 3/w'/L -kl/jf/_ ;+Vof ;a} 3/w'/Lx?sf] hDdf hUuf hDdf v]tL ul/Psf] hdLg pk cfof]hgfdf pNn]v ul/Psf jfnL pTkfbg ul/Psf] hDdf hUuf -;+nUg ;j} 3/w'/Lsf]_ afnL !M afnL @ M afnL # M afnL $ M afnL % M pk cfof]hgfdf pNn]v ul/Psf jfnLsf] hDdf pTkfbg nfut -pTkfbgb]lv ljqmL ubf{;Ddsf nfut jfnL cg';f/ pNn]v ug]{_ afnL !M afnL @ M afnL # M afnL $ M afnL % M pk cfof]hgfdf pNn]v ul/Psf jfnLsf] hDdf pTkfbg -;+nUg ;j} 3/w'/Lsf]_ afnL !M afnL @ M afnL # M afnL $ M afnL % M ljqmL kl/df0f -jfnL cg';f/_
40
;"rs* OsfO{ jt{dfg cj:yf cg'dflgt kl/jt{g afnL !M afnL @ M afnL # M afnL $ M afnL % M k|fKt cf}ift d"No -jfnL cg';f/÷k|lt OsfO{_ afnL !M afnL @ M afnL # M afnL $ M afnL % M cf}ift afXo v]tL cfDbfgL k|lt kl/jf/ k|lt jif{ * k|:tfljt Joj;fo of]hgfsf] cfwf/df ;"rsx? km/s x'g ;Sg]5g\ . :yfgLo ;]jf k|bfosx?jf6 oyfy{tfsf] oL ljj/0fx?sf] oyfy{tf hfFr ul/g]5 .
41
cg';"rL ^M kmfd{ cf}hf/ tyf k|ljlw k|of]usf] cfwf/ cj:yf kmfd{ cf}hf/ tyf k|ljlw s]< -gfd pNn]v ug]{_ slt< -kl/df0f pNn]v
ug]{_ s;/L -k|of]usf] ljlw jf k|s[of pNn]v ug]{_
s}lkmot
kmfd{ cf}hf/
s[lif oGq
pGgt jLp
/f;folgs dn
hLjgfzs ljiffbL
kf]i6 xfe]{i6
e08f/0f ;'ljwf
;+sng ;'ljwf
u|]l8Ë÷Kofs]lhË
k|;f]wg
l;+rfO{ k"jf{wf/
l;+lrt If]q
9'jfgL Joj:yf
cGo====
42
cg';"rL &M v/Lb of]hgf
j|md ;+Vof
v/Lb ul/g] dfn;fdfg÷pks/0f jf lgdf0f{ sfo{sf] ljj/0f
v/Lb cfjZos
kg]{ ;do8
v/Lb ug'{ kg]{ cfjZos kl/df0f
v/Lb ug{ nfUg] cg'dflgt /sd
v/Lb ug]{ :yfg
v/Lb ug]{ ljlw9
!
@
#
$
%
^
&
8dfn;fdfg÷pks/0f jf lgdf0f{ sfo{ slxn] cfjZos kg]{ xf] pNn]v ug]{ 9;f]em} jhf/af6 v/Lb ug]{ jf sf]6]zgaf6 v/Lb ug]{ jf 6]08/af6 v/Lb ug]{ xf] pko'Qm ljlw pNn]v ug]{
43
cg';"rL *M jfnL kfqf]
jfnL kfqf] -cg'bfg ju{ ! sf nflu_
jfnLsf] gfd jfnLsf] hft nufOg] If]qkmn
/f]Kg] ;do jfnL sf6\g]
;do10
cg'dflgt pTkfbg
s}lkmot
10kmnkm"n jfnLsf] xsdf jfnL sf6\g] ;do eg]sf] kmnkm"n l6Kg] ;do xf] / o;df /f]Kg] ;do pNn]v ul//fVg' kb}{g .
44
cg';"rL (M k|;f]wg÷jhf/Ls/0f of]hgf
-cg'bfg ju{ @ / # sf nflu_
dlxgf sRrf kbfy{sf] gfd
-k|;f]wg ul/g] ePdf_
cfk'lt{ kl/df0f
k|;f]lwt j:t'sf] gfd
k|;f]lwt kl/df0f
cg'dflgt ljqmL kl/df0f
;+efJo jhf/
j};fv
h]i7
c;f/
>fj0f
efb|
cflZjg
sflt{s
d+;L/
k';
df3
kmfu'g
r}t
45
cg';"rL !)M ;fdfg bflvnf clen]v
qm=;+= bflvnfldlt ljj/0f d"No >f]t cj:yf k|of]hg k|of]hg11111111
Ifdtf
11k"0f{ Ifdtfdf ;+rfng eP !)) k|ltzt / ;f] eGbf sd eP ;f]xL cg';f/ k|ltztdf pNn]v ug]{
46
qm=;+= bflvnfldlt ljj/0f d"No >f]t cj:yf k|of]hg k|of]hg11111111
Ifdtf
47
cg';"rL !!MlhG;L ;fdu|L vr{sf] ljj/0f
;fdu|Lsf] gfdM
Aoj;flos of]hgf adf]lhdsf] hDDff kl/df0f M
ldlt M v/Lb ePsf] kl/df0f M v/Lb x'g afFsL kl/df0f M
vr{ ePsf] ldlt M
vr{ ePsf] kl/df0f M df}hft /x]sf] kl/df0fM
qm=;+= ;fdu|L a'‰g]sf] gfd kl/df0f a'em\g]sf] ;lx k|of]hg
tof/ ug]{ M k|dfl0ft ug]{ M
48
cg';"rL !@M vr{ eP/ ghfg] ;fdu|Lsf] ljj/0f
qm=;=
;fdu|Lsf] gfd ;fdfg hf/L ldlt
hf/L ul/Psf] kl/df0f
hf/L ubf{sf] cj:yf
lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{ ldlt
a'lemlng]sf] gfd 7]ufgf b:tvt
49
cg'';"rL !#M d]lzg, cf}hf/, pks/0f / ;'ljwf k|of]usf] cj:yf
s|= ;+=
;'ljwfsf] ljj/0f k|of]u x'g] pRr d"No s[lif j:t'
dlxgf el/df k|of]u x'g] ;+Vof÷ k6s s}lkmot
a} h] c ;f e c sf d+ k" df kmf r}
50
cg';"rL !$M k|of]u x'g] :yL/ ;fdfg sf] clen]v
qm=;=
;fdu|L jf ;'ljwfsf] gfd ;+Vof s"n Ifdtf
pkof]u ug{ lbPsf] ;+Vof -Ifdtf_
pkof]u cjlw pkof]usf] zt{
pkof]u ug]{sf] gfd 7]ufgf
b:tvt
51
cg';"rL !%M >d kl/rfngsf] ljj/0f
l;=g+= s[ofsnfk
kl/jf/ >d Hofnf >d12 kz' >d
oflGqs >d -6«ØfS6/, y|]z/ cflb_
k' d k' d cfkmg} ef8fdf cfkmg} ef8fdf >d
lbg13
>d lbg
>d lbg
>d lbg
>d lbg
>d lbg
306f 306f
12o;df k"0f{ ;do / cf+lzs Hofnfbf/Lsf] ;d]t >d lbg hf]8]/ /fVg'k5{ .
13! >d lbg j/fj/ & sfo{ 306f
52
cg';"rL !^M jflif{s pTkfbg tyf laqmL ljt/0fsf] clen]v -cg'bfg ju{ ! / @_M
l;=g+= leq\ofPsf] ldlt pRr d"No s[lif j:t'sf] gfd
pTkfbg kl/df0f
3/fo;L vkt kl/df0f
las|L kl/df0f k|lt O{sfO d"No
las|L af6 k|fKt s'n /sd
53
cg';"rL !&M= jflif{s k|;f]wg tyf jhf/Ls/0f ljj/0f -cg'bfg ju{ @ / #_M
dlxgf M
l;=g+= k|zf]wg x'g] pRr d'No s[lif j:t'sf] gfd
sRrf kbfy{sf] kl/df0f
pTkfbg kl/df0f
lalqm ldlt las|L kl/df0f
k|lt
O{sfO
d"No
las|L
af6
k|fKt
s'n
/sd
cGo
j:
t'
las|L
af6
k|fKt
s'n
/sd
54
cg';"rL !*M cfDbfgL / vr{ ljj/0f
nufgL ljj/0f vr{ pTkfbg ljj/0f cfDbfgL s}lkmot
OsfO{ kl/df0f b/ d"No OsfO{ kl/df0f b/ d"No
;fdu|L
� jLp
� dn
� ljiffbL
� cf}hf/
� /;fog
� Kofls+u ;fdfg
� ======
� =======
>d
55
nufgL ljj/0f vr{ pTkfbg ljj/0f cfDbfgL s}lkmot
OsfO{ kl/df0f b/ d"No OsfO{ kl/df0f b/ d"No
� dfgj >d
� kz' >d
� oflGqs >d
� =====
9'jfgL vr{
e08f/0f vr{
jhfl/s/0f vr{
=============
cg'udg
k|ltj]bg
hDdf
56
cg';"rL !(M pkcfof]hgfsf] ef}lts k|ult k|ltj]bg
å}dfl;s/jflif{s/sfo{;DkGg
pkcfof]hgfsf] gfd – k|ltj]bg cjlw M–
cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfsf] gfd –
qm=;= s[ofsnfk PsfO{ pkcfof]hgfsf] s"n nIo -kl/df0f_
k|ult÷pknAwL afFsL kl/df0f -s–v_
s}lkmot
o; cufl8sf] k|ult
o; k|ltj]bgsf] k|ult
xfn;Ddsf] k|ult -v_
57
cg';"rL @)M pkcfof]hgfsf] ljlQo k|ult k|ltj]bg
å}dfl;s/jflif{s/sfo{;DkGg k|lta]bg
pkcfof]hgfsf] gfd+= –
cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfsf] gfd –
cjlw M–
qm=;= s[ofsnfk PsfO{ b/ -cg'dflgt_
kl/df0f pkcfof]hgfsf] s"n nfut ?=
xfn;Ddsf] vr{ -jf:tljs _
cfof]hgfsf] tkm{af6 vr{
cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 vr{ s"n vr{
-s+v
_ ?= -s_
?= -v_
>f]tM
1111 k"+lhut ! @ # $ % ^
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
58
qm=;= s[ofsnfk PsfO{ b/ -cg'dflgt_
kl/df0f pkcfof]hgfsf] s"n nfut ?=
xfn;Ddsf] vr{ -jf:tljs _
cfof]hgfsf] tkm{af6 vr{
cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 vr{ s"n vr{
-s+v
_ ?= -s_
?= -v_
>f]tM
2 rfn'
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
s"n >f]t M–
!_ hg;xeflutf ->dbfg_ @_ hg;xeflutf -;fdu|L_ #_ hg;xeflutf -gub_ $_ a}+s C0f %_ ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfsf] cfGtl/s ^_ uflj;, lhlj;, u}+/;/sf/L ;xefuL
59
qm=;= s[ofsnfk PsfO{ b/ -cg'dflgt_
kl/df0f pkcfof]hgfsf] s"n nfut ?=
xfn;Ddsf] vr{ -jf:tljs _
cfof]hgfsf] tkm{af6 vr{
cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 vr{ s"n vr{
-s+v
_ ?= -s_
?= -v_
>f]tM
;+:yfsf ;xof]u -gfd ;lxt_ &_ cfof]hgfsf] cg'bfg ;xof]u hDdf
cg'bfg ls:tf e'QmfgL lbg] a}+ssf] gfd / 7]ufgf M ==================================================
60
cg';"rL @!M ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ k|ltj]bg
pkcfof]hgfsf] gfdM
;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ u/]sf] ldlt / :yfgM
s= kl/ro-pkcfof]hgfsf] 5f]6s/L kl/ro n]Vg]_
pkl:ylt
;d"x⁄;+:yf sfo{;ldltsf ;b:oM hDdf ======== dlxnf ========== k'?if ===========
;]jfu|fxLx?sf] ;VofM hDdf ======== dlxnf ========== k'?if ===========
uflj; k|ltlglwM-gfd pNn]v ug]{_
lhNnf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf ;+of]hsM-gfd pNn]v ug]{_
cGo lgsfosf k|ltlglwM -gfd pNn]v ug]{_
v= k|ult ljj/0f
v=! xfn;Ddsf] ef}lts k|ult
v=@=xfn ;Ddsf] pknlAwx?
v=#= xfn ;Ddsf] cfDbfgL vr{sf] ljj/0f
gub ÷lhG;L ;fdu|L cfDbfgL vr{ df}Hbft
gub
61
u= ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{df k|fKt k|lts[of Pj+ ;'emfjx?
u=! ;fj{hlgs ;dLIffdf lhNnf:t/Lo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / s[lif ljsf; sfof{no nufot cGo lgsfox?sf k|ltlglwsf] k|lts[of-;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{sf] j]nf k|lts[of l6kf]6 ug]{ lhDd]jf/L Ps hgnfO{ lbg'k5{ / lghn] l6kf]6 u/]sf] cfwf/df of] v08 eg'{ kb{5_
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------
u=@ ;fj{hlgs ;dLIffdf ;]ju|fxLsf] k|lts[of-;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{sf] j]nf k|lts[of l6kf]6 ug]{ lhDd]jf/L Ps hgnfO{ lbg'k5{ / lghn] l6kf]6 u/]sf] cfwf/df of] v08 eg'{ kb{5_
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3=;fj{hlgs ;dLIffsf lg0f{ox? -;fj{hlgs ;dLIffsf j]nf lg0f{o k'l:tsf n]Vg' kb{5 / k'l:tsfdf n]v]sf] lg0f{osf] Joxf]/f o; v08df n]Vg' kb{5 .
=========================================================================================================================
=============================================================================
ª= ;fj{hlgs ;dLIffdf pkl:yt ;xefuLx?sf] xflh/L M
qm=;+= Gffd ÷7]ufgf x:tfIf/ qm=;+= Gffd ÷7]ufgf x:tfIf/
62
cg';"rL @@M cfuGt's÷cg'udgstf{x?sf] clen]v
qm=;+= ldlt cfuGt'ssf] gfd ;+:yf k|ltlqmof b:tvt
63
cg';'rL @#M ls:tf /sd dfu ug]{ ljj/0f
ldlt M ============================ >Ldfg\ cfof]hgf lgb]{zs Ho" ;fgf tyf demf}nf s[ifs cfo:t/ a[l4 cfof]hgf cfof]hg Aoj:yfkg OsfO{, g]kfnu~h, afFs] .
laifo M ls:tf /sd dfu ;DjGwdf
pk/f]Qm ;DjGwdf o; cfof]hgfsf] cg'bfg ;xof]udf =====================================, =======================n] ;~rfng u/]sf] =======================================================pkcfof]hgfsf] nflu ldlt ================ df /sd ?============= cIf]?kL=========================== ===================?k}ofF dfq k]ZsL :j?k k|fKt u/]sf] ;fy} o; ====================================== n] Aoxf]g]{ /sd ?= ================== cIf]?kL =============================================?k}ofF dfq a/fj/sf] nufgL ;d]t u/L tf]lsPsf kl/0ffdsf ;'rsx? b]lvg] u/L Aoj;flos s[ofsnfkx? ;DkGg u/]sf]n] yk Aoj;flos s[ofsnfk ;~rfngsf nflu ;+nUg of]hgf adf]lhd cfjZos /sd ?================== cIf]?kL ==============================================?k}ofF dfq cfof]hgfsf] s[lif Aoj;fo cg'bfg ;xof]u af6 pknAw ul/lbg'x'g cg'/f]w ;fy lgj]bg k]z ub{5' .
=================================
cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfsf] gfd, 7]ufgf
cg'bfg g+= M pkcfof]hgfsf] gfd M cfly{s aif{ M Joj;fo aif{ M vr{sf] rf}dfl;s cjwL M b]lv ;Dd
cfufdL rf}dfl;s cjwLdf x'g] vr{sf] laj/0f
s|= ;+ laj/0f cfufdL rf}dfl;s cjwLsf] of]hgf
/sd AGF ;fem]bf/L s[ofsnfk !
s[ofsnfk @ s[ofsnfk # s[ofsnfk $ s[ofsnfk %
64
cg';'rL @$M ls:tf dfusf nflu eg'{kg]{ kmf/fd qm=;+= ;DkGg ug'{'kg]{ lqmofsnfk ;DkGg
ul/;Sg'kg]{ ldlt
ls:tf /sd ;DkGg eP÷gePsf] -gePdf sf/0f ;lxt
pNn]v ug]{_
pk cfof]hgf Joj:yfkssf] x:tfIf/
;DalGwt lhNnf÷If]lqo u};;sf] l;kmfl/;
/fli6«o u};;sf] l;kmfl/;
s}lkmot
65
cg';'rL @%M ;+rfngdf /x]sf pkcfof]hgfx?sf] :ynut cg'udg k|ltj]bg pkcfof]hgfsf] gfd M 7]ufgf M pkcfof]hgf ;+rfns ;+:yfsf] gfdM pkcfof]hgfsf nlIft pknAwLx? M
o; cjwLsf nflu tf]lsPsf sf]z]9'+ufx? M
:ynut cj:yfx? M != pkcfof]hgf ;~rfng k|s[of @= nlIft sf]z]9'+uf adf]lhd pkcfof]hgfsf k|ltkmnx? #= cg'bfg /sd tyf cfj]bssf] nufgLsf] cj:yf $= cfly{s cg'zf;g %= Aoj:yfklso kIf cg'udg stf{sf] 6f]nLn] :ynut ?kdf pknAw ljj/0fx?nfO{ a:t'ut ?kdf laZn]if0f ul/ tflnsfdf hgfOP adf]lhdsf ;'rsx?df c+s k|bfg ug]{ . yk ls:tf /sd dfu ug]{ pkcfof]hgfx?n] s'g}klg cfwf/x?df z'Go c+s k|fKt u/]df yk ls:tfsf] nflu cof]Uo x'g]5 . ;fy} ;du| k|Ktf+s %) k|ltzt eGbf a9L k|Kt u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf cfj]hgfn] ;DjlGwt pkcfof]hgf ;+rfnsnfO{ ;'wf/sf] df}sf lbO{ kq hf/L ug]{5 .
66
:ynut cg'udg k|ltj]bg ;f/+z -pkcfof]hgsf] gfd, 7]ugf_ qm= ;+= ;du| sfo{Gjog ;'rsx? c+s ef/ k|fKtfÍ 1
pkcfof]hgf ;~rfng k|s[of 15
clt pQd 15
pQd 10
/fd|f] 5
sdhf]/ 0
2
nlIft sf]z]9'+uf adf]lhd pkcfof]hgfsf k|ltkmnx? 40
@% k|ltzt eGbf sd 0
@% k|ltzt b]lv %) k|ltzt ;Dd 20
%) k|ltzt b]lv &% k|ltzt ;Dd 30
&% k|ltzt eGbf a9L 40
3
vr{ 20
@% k|ltzt eGbf sd 0
@% k|ltzt b]lv %) k|ltzt ;Dd 10
%) k|ltzt b]lv &% k|ltzt ;Dd 15
&% k|ltzt eGbf a9L 20
4
cfly{s cg'zf;g 15
clt pQd 15
pQd 10
/fd|f] 5
sdhf]/ 0
5
Aoj:yfklso kIf 10
sdhf]/ 3
dWod 6
pQd 10
hDDff 100100100100
:ynut cg'udg 6f]nLsf] ;'emfj M
:ynut cg'udg stf{x? M qm= ;+= gfd kb sfo{no x:tfIf/
67