Su
perco
urse
الصحة وزارة
eprosy is a chronic granulomatous diseases caused by Mycobacterium Leprae.It is regarded as public health problem because of its capacity to cause permanent disabilities with their social consequences of discrimination and stigma
It is of 3main types ; Tuberculosis, Borderline and the Lepromatous.However, there is a neural type
which affect the nerves only.
It is also known as Hansen disease after the scientist who discoverer the M Leprae
It is similar to M tuberculosis but resistant to culture. It is an obligate intracellular microbe that multiplies slowly. It has a predilection for cooler areas of human body (skin, peripheral nerves, nose, anterior chamber of the eyes). It has 3 main targets: peripheral neural tissues (Schwann cells), small vessels, and monocytes.The skin and nerves are the most commonly affected organs.
Armadillo
Some types of monkeys
Rabbits and Mices (foot pads)
It is known in Germany as ,Aussatz and as Prokaza in Russia and as Lepre in French and as Lepra in Spanish and as Mafung Chinese and as Raibyo in Japanese and as Kushtha In Hindi and in most Sengalese languages , it is known as ‘’The great disease’’
Mainly respiratory route .
Others (broken skin lesion,Pregnancy, insect or contact with animals that harbor the organism)
Hypopigmented patches
Nodules on the ears
Nerve enlargment
Neurological deficits
Lepromin test : Intradermal injection of M Leprae.It is a tuberculin type of reaction .
Clinical features.
Smear or biopsy from the skin lesion stained with Fite stain .
Approximately 83% of the leprosy cases live in 6 countries: Nepal, Madagascar, Manamar, Indonesia, and especially,India and Brazil.
It is known to exist in the Saudi Arabia for long time. But, it is not a public health problem.Ministry of Health has established the Ibn Sina Hospital in 1963 , a specialized hospital for leprosy, in Hada area, around 35 KM from Jeddah.
The prevalence of the disease decrease from 3.27 for each 100,000 in population in 1984 to 0.14 for each 100,000 in 2004.Most of the cases are from expatriates coming from endemic areas.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
Year
Nu
mb
er o
f C
ases
Registered leprosy cases in Saudi Arabia from 1978-2005
Total =2542
Riyadh
Northern boundaries
AljoofاTabouk
Madinah
Makkah
Albaha
Assir
Gazan
Eastern provinceNajran
Most affected region
Distribution of registered leprosy cases in Saudi Arabia
from 1995-2005 according to the nationality
Nu
mb
er o
f ca
ses
Distribution of registered leprosy cases in Saudi Arabia
from 1995-2005 according to the sex
Nu
mb
er o
f ca
ses
Distribution of registered leprosy cases in Saudi Arabia
from 1995-2005 according to the region
Nu
mb
er o
f ca
ses
Distribution of registered leprosy cases in Saudi Arabia
from 1995-2005 according to the age
Nu
mb
er o
f ca
ses
5923
28
75
116
33
227
182
55
314
13
22
31
70
29 9
Riyadh Qassim Hail Eastern AlhassaQonfethah Taif Madina Albaha MakkahJeddah Aljof Algoreat Northen Al HaferTabouk Assir Gazan Najran Bishah
Distribution of registered leprosy cases in Saudi Arabia
from 1995-2005 according to the city
0110
462
210
<1 ابريل-01 مايو-14 15-44 >45 شريحة 6
Distribution of registered leprosy cases
in Saudi Arabia from 1995-2005 according to the age
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