Examine – (الة يفحص مريض(

Fuel وقود Suffer from من يعاني

launch ).. ( صاروخ – اطالق مضخة – Pump يطلق فظيع Horrible يضخ

leak – – يتسرب تسريب يصف Describe يومي Everyday تشريح

Mission مهمة Several عديد Space exploration / ارتياد استكشاف الفضاء

Secret – سري يسخن – Heat سر تكنولوجيا Technology حرارة

System نظام Steam بخار Improve / يطور يحسن

Radio – السلكي مصعد - Lift اذاعة فائدة / )Benefit )of/ from يرفع يستفيد

Programme برنامج Deaf أصم Others االخرون

Space – فراغ باالنابيب – Pipe فضاء ينقل صناعي Satellite انبوبة قمر

Rocket صاروخ plan – خطة التعليم Education يخطط

Take off -) ( يخلع طائرة تقلعمالبس) (

Predict يتنبأ Global warming االحتباس الحراري

Astronaut فضاء فوري Instant يرتب Arrange رائد

Space station فضاء Currently L محطة اتصال Communication حاليا

Repair ) ( – الة اصالح أرضية Gravity يصلح يحل Solve جاذبية

Walk around حول بدنية Gymnastics يمشي المناخ Climate رياضة

Temperature الحرارة الجاذبية Zero gravity درجة خاصةParticularly L انعدام

Control – يتحكم جانبية Side effects تحكم استبيان Questionnaire اثار

Equipment معدات Spin بسرعة نفسه حول خطوة Step يدور

Well trained تم L جيدا درب Spoke العجلة بدني Physical سلك

Main اساسي Anniversary السنوية قضيب Bar ذكري

Tap حنفية Representative – ممثل مندوب

Connect يربط

Damage – – عطل تلف يفسد

Queue – في يقف طابور طابور

Ring – يرن خاتم

Patient – صبور ببطء Orbit مريض مدار في مركز Centre يدور

Tank – حوض متوقع Unexpected مسافة Distance خزان غير

Air conditioning تكييف نظام الهواء

Distant بعيد Activity نشاط

Break down يتعطل Wheel عجلة Result نتيجة

Password المرور كلمة) السر)

Weightless الوزن خاص Special منعدم

Replace يستبدل Weightlessness الوزن موقع Location انعدام

Exactly بالضبط Almost L ضخم Giant تقريبا

Take off / مالبس يخلع الطائرة مالبس / Land / put on تقلع يرتدي الطائرة تهبطSave يوفر Waste / يضيع يهدر

Giant عمالق Tiny ) ( L جدا صغير دقيقAdvantage ميزة Disadvantage عيب

1

Words and opposites

Hello English

Master

Unit oneSecondary three

Reach for the stars

Vocabulary

do a space walk الفضاء في بتمشية يقوم)be( attached to بــ L متصال يكونeach other البعض بعضهم)be( well-trained L جيدا متدربexamine a car for damage السيارة يفحصgo on a two-hour space walk ساعتين لمدة الفضاء في بالمضي يقومsat-nav system الصناعي بالقمر االتجاه تحديد نظامthe 40th anniversary of a man first walking يسير رجل الول االربعين السنوية الذكري)be( the first man to walk يسير انسان اول يكونin the next ten years القادمة سنوات العشر خالل فيat a height of ارتفاع عليtreatment for ……. لــ عالجthe magical feeling السحري الشعورgo on space holidays الفضاء في الجازات يذهبlook down on / يحتقر ناحية السفل ينظر)be( impossible to أن المستحيل منgo for a walk للتمشية يذهبthe more …..the more .... كلما كلماwalk / land on the moon / القمر سطح فوق يمشي يهبطqueue up يصطف compare…to / بـ يشبه يقارنreason for لـ سببcause of / لـ مبرر سببover the last 50 years الماضية L عاما الخمسون مدار عليeveryday life اليومية الحياةspend more money on علي أكير L أموال . ينفقwaste of money لالموال اهدارhave fun with بـ يستمتعknow for sure / التاكيد الدقة وجه علي يعرف

Ordinary عادي Extraordinary عادي غير

Equip )v( يعد –يجهز Equipped)adj( مجهز

Equipment)u n ( معدات

Represent )v( ينوب –يمثل representative )n( مندوب –ممثل representation )n( ) ( دولة او شركة عن تمثيل

Predict )v(يتنبأ Prediction)n( تنبؤ

Predictable)adj ( به التنبؤ يمكن

Explore )v( يستكشف explorer )n( مستكشف exploration )n( استكشاف

Improve )v( يطور –يحسن Improved )adj(

تحسين –تطوير )Improvement )n متطور

Arrange)v( يرتب arrangement )n( ترتيب

Train )v( يدرب Training )n( تدريب Trainer )n( مدرب Trainee )n( متدرب

2

Derivatives

Prepositions , Idioms and Expressions

Currently : at the present time .Distance : the amount of space between two places Gravity : what makes objects fall to the ground .Gymnastics : a sport in which physical exercises and movements are performed .Spin : turn round and around very quickly .Spoke : a thin metal bar which connects the ring around the outside of a wheel to its centre weightless : having no weight side effects : an unexpected result of an activity .leak : to allow water to escape through a hole . examine : to look at something carefully in order to find out something .mission : an important job that someone has been given to do .secret : something that you don’t tell other people about .launch : when a spacecraft is sent into space .system : an organized way of doing something .

Magic – magical * magic خدع (– سحري ) العاب –سحر * magical احساس .....(–ساحر / خالب ) شعور

Spend* spend + )time ( + V.ing يقضي وقت

Launch – lunch – release* launch قمر صناعي (– مكوك –يطلق )صاروخ * release يطلق ) غاز ....( في الهواء * lunch وجبة الغداء

Leak – lake – lack* leak تسريب– يتسرب –يرشح * lake بحيرة * lack يفتقر الي– نقص –عجز

Astronaut – Astronomer – Astrologer* astronaut رائد فضاء * astronomer عالم فلك * astrologer عراف–منجم

Temperature – degree – mark* temperature االرض (–درجة الحرارة ) للجسم * degree علمية ( البد من ذكر الدرجة قبل كتابتها–درجة ) حرارة Ex: Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius / Ola had a master’s degree * mark اختبار–درجة امتحان

Tap – tape* tap صنبور–حنفية

3

Definitions

Language Notes

* tape يسجل علي شريط–شريط

Air conditioning – air conditioner – air conditioned* air conditioning نظام تكييف الهواء * air conditioner جهاز تكييف الهواء * air conditioned)adj ( ) مكيف الهواء )صفة

Pump – pipe* pump مضخة ) للكميات الكبيرة من الغاز او المياه (–يضخ * pipe ينقل باالنابيب–أنبوبة

Everyday – every day* everyday )adj ( ) everyday use / life (يومي * every day )adv ( ) every day I walk to school ( كل يوم

Currently – current – currency* currently) adv ( حاليا� * current )adj ( حالي * currency )n( )..... عملة )دولة

Gravity – attraction* gravity جاذبية االرضية * attraction الصناعة ...... (–جذب ) السياحة

Spin – orbit* spin يدور بسرعة حول نفسه * orbit يدور حول شيء في مدار

Others – other – another* another + اخر اسم مفرد Ex: I bought a book , I will buy another one next week * other + اخرون جمع Ex: some people like football .Other people like tennis * others االخرون بدون اسم Ex : Some boys play in the playground , others are in the library .

Affect – effect* affect = have an effect on ) يؤثر علي )بدون حرف جر * effect )on ( تاثير علي

Repair – reform* repair الة (– ترميم ) مبني –اصالح * reform مؤسسة (– يصلح ) نظام –اصالح

Destination – location – site* destination المقصد–جهة الوصول * location مكان ) مخصص لغرض معين (–موقع * site بناء (– انترنت –موقع )أثري

Anniversary – memory – memorial – souvenir* anniversary ذكري سنوية * memory ذكرى ) المور حياتية (– جهاز تليفون ( –ذاكرة )انسان * memorial النصب التذكاري * souvenir الهدية التذكارية

Arrive – reach – get to* arrive in ) يصل لمكان كبير ) دولة او مدينة

4

* arrive at حديقة ...(– مطار –يصل لمكان صغير ) مدرسة ?Ex: When will they arriveبدون حرف Arriveيمكن استخدام

* reach يصل لمكان كبير او صغير وبدون حرف جر * get to )يصل لمكان ) مع وجود صعوبة في الوصول

مباشرة بدون حرف جر home* الحظ ان يمكن استخدام االفعال السابقة مع كلمة

Route – road* route ) وسيلة لتحقيق الهدف–طريق )من مكان الخر * road ) الطريق ) السطح التي تسير عليه وسائل المواصالت

Well+P.P – a good + nounhave( + a good + noun( + فاعل = well-p.p + )be( + فاعل *

الحظ الفرق في هذه االمثلةEx :My sister has a good education Ex : My sister is well-educated

Row – queue* queue )up ( ) يصطف في طابور–طابور )يقف فيه الناس واحد وراء االخر * row صف من الناس او االشياء جنبا� الي جنب

Tape script Interviewer : Thank you for coming into the studio this morning .Could you start by telling the listeners what you’re doing this week ?Astronaut : Well, this is a very special week for me . Tomorrow afternoon, I’m travelling

with two other astronauts to a secret location .The launch is at 7.50 the next evening

Interviewer : How exciting ! Will this be the first time you’ve been in space ?Astronaut : Yes, it will .I’m really looking forward to it . Interviewer : What is your mission exactly ? Astronaut : We have to repair equipment on the International Space Satation .Interviewer :What’s the problem ? Astronaut : There are two or three little things we need to look at , but the main problem

is the main problem is the temperature control system . We think there may be a leak of some kind .

Interviewer : Is that a difficult job ? Astronaut : No , not particularly ,but we’ll almost certainly need to spend some time

working outside Interviewer : Do you mean a space walk ? Astronaut : Yes, maybe ,but we won’t know for sure until we’re there and can examine the

equipment properly .Interviewer : Isn’t that really dangerous ? Astronaut : Not really – we’ve had a lot of training and of course we’re going to be very

careful .Interviewer : How long will you be in space for ? Astronaut : We’ll probably be there for about five or six days .It depends on how serious

the problems are .Interviewer : That’s very exciting .Thank you for talking to us .And good luck with your

mission . Astronaut : Thank you

July 2009 was the 40th anniversary of man first walking on the Moon. Ever since that day, we have been promised that holidays in space are not far away. Now a representative for the World Tourism Organization predicts that, in the next ten years, people will be queuing to book their holidays in space. They will fly by

5

Reading

Listening

rocket to a space station which will be orbiting the Earth at a height of 320 kilometers – that is about the same as the distance from Cairo to El-Minya. The space station itself will be like a giant spinning wheel with spokes like a bike wheel. There will be two kinds of spokes: those with ordinary gravity and those with zero gravity for weightless sports.Some people who are interested in space holidays are worried that, as space tourists, they will suffer from the same horrible side effects as astronauts have suffered from, but experts say that there are now treatments for most side effects. Just think about such a holiday in space. Everyone who has travelled in space has described the magical feeling of looking down on the Earth as it spins below you. It will be impossible to go shopping or go for a walk, but think of the fun you can have with weightless football or weightless gymnastics. For most people, the main disadvantage at the moment is the cost of space holidays. Currently, the cost of a holiday is very high. But like everything else, the more people want to do something, the cheaper it will become. So, if you are interested, start saving now.

Agreeing االتفاق Disagreeing االختالف I agree with you I completely agreeI think so I suppose do That’s true You’re quite right I’d go along with that I couldn’t agree more

I disagree with you I completely disagreeI don’t think soI don’t agreeI have another opinion it/they is /are That’s not true

Respond to each of the following situations(W.B) 1- Someone says that space exploration is too expensive . You agree 2- Someone says that computers are bad things ,you don’t have the same opinion . Say why 3- One of your friends thinks walking in space would be very frightening .You think he’s right 4- You hear someone says that all astronauts are rich .You know this is not true

Choose the correct answer :W.B – S.B

1- The car stopped because there was a ………..in the petrol tank . a) lack b) lick c) leak d) lake 2- Our air conditioning has broken down . but someone is coming to …………it tomorrow a) repair b) reform c) prepare d) perform3- The doctor ………..me carefully before he gave me the medicine a) exams b) tested c) expanded d) examined4- Computer passwords should always be ………. You should never tell anyone about it a) secret b) scared c) scratch d) sacrifice 5- The astronaut went on a …………space walk to replace a broken fuel pump . a) two hours b) two-hours’ c) two-hour d) two-hour’s 6- Some drivers have a sat-nav ………in their cars to help them find the best route . 2012أغسطس a) discipline b) control c) equipment d)system 7- The rocket is going to reach the moon on Tuesday .Every one watched the ……..on TV . a) launch b) release c) lunch d) mission 8- Space ……..can take several years . a) walks b) missions c) matches d) books 9- Some experts predict that people will be …….to book their holidays in space . a) queuing b) rowing c) sitting d) standing 10- The space station is orbiting the earth at a ………of 320 kilometers .

6

Language function

Agreeing and disagreeing with an opinion

Exercises

a) high b) weight c) weigh d) height 11- The ……..between our town and the nearest town is about 50 kilometers . a) distant b) heavy c) distance d) space 12- The space station is like a giant ……………….wheel . a) orbiting b) moving c) going d) spinning 13- This medicine is safe . There are no side …………….. a) affect b) effects c) corners d) edges 14- Scientists are doing experiments to discover new treatments …………..serious illnesses . a) for b) to c) at d) from 15- Everyone who has travelled in space has described the ……….feeling of looking down on the earth . a) magic b) magical c) magician d) magically 16- The main disadvantage of space holidays is the ……….. a) coast b) size c) absence d) cost 17- The more people want to do something , the ………………it will become . a) cheap b) cheapest c) cheaper d) less cheap

18- They couldn’t attend the conference so they sent a/an …………….. a) represent b) actor c) representative d) representation 19- Space tourists will fly to the space station by ……….. a) rock b) rocket c) ship d) plane 20- Some people think that space exploration is a/an …………of money. a) save b) waist c) waste d) afford 21- Astronauts are well …………..to travel to space . a) training b) train c) trainer d) trained 22- The rocket will be ………..to the space station a) attacked b) attachment c) attached d) attach 23- The mechanic examined my car ……………damage . a) on b) to c) at d) for 24- A spoke with zero gravity is suitable for ……………sports . a) weightless b) weigh c) weight d) weightlessness25- Every year they celebrated the .............of their marriage . a) wedding b) anniversary c) souvenir d) memory 26- ............are traveling to space to do some repairs a) astronauts b) astronomers c) astrologer d) asteroids 27- "..............." means turn round and round quickly . a) orbit b) move c) turn d) spin 28- ……………….. is an unexpected result of an activity. a)Side way b)aside c)Side effect d)effect

29- Buying this old car is a ............. of money. a)waste b)waist c)wisdom d)failure30- There is no doubt that smoking ....................the health badly . a) effect b) facts c) faces d) affects 31- We will arrive ................Cairo airport at about 3 o’clock . a) in b) on c) at d) to 32- My brother has a good .................He graduated from Oxford University . a) educated b) education c) educator d) educate 33- I will take my car to the mechanic to ................ the fuel tank as it leaks a) reform b) reframe c) prepare d) repair 34- Some people like to spend the weekend at home ...........like to spend it outdoors . a) Others b) Other c) Another d) Rather 35- We should reduce our ................use of water . a) everyday b) every day c) ever d) day every 36- …….is the force which makes objects fall to the ground . 2014يونيو a) power b) energy c) gravity d) magnetic 37- The astronauts are going to ………a space station in space . 2011يونيو a) build b) invent c) analyze d) arrest 38- July 2010 was the 41st ………of man’s first landing on the moon . 2011أغسطس

7

a) anniversary b) anonymous c) anomalous d) advisory 39-The astronauts went on a space.............to replace a broken fuel pump. 2013يونيو

a) tour b) suit c) station d) walk40-Millions of people watched the rocket ………………… on TV. 2013أغسطس a) set off b) start c) launch d) eruptionFind the mistakes and write the sentences correctly: W.B1- Current, people can travel to space 2- The moon has more gravity than the earth .3- Doing sums is a very good way of keeping fit .4- Two of the tyres of the front wheel of my bike were broken in the accident .5- The distant between Cairo and London is 35.000 kilometers .6- When you are weight in space , it must be very difficult to stand still . 7- The main problem is in the degree control system .8- We need to spend some time work outside .9- We don’t know on sure until we arrive .10- It depends on what serious the problems are .11- Good luck for your mission 12- On the next ten years people will be able to travel in space .13- The space station is spinning the earth .14- From most people the main disadvantage is the cost of space holidays .15- The more people want to do something the cheapest it will become 2012يونيو 16- Thank you for come into the studio this morning .17- Luxor is a very famous tourist destiny .18- We have to give more interest to tourism gravity to encourage tourists to come to Egypt .19- They had to install an air conditioned to the building 20- The technician examined the engine property .21- In our houses we should turn off tapes 22- The firemen turned on the water pipe to put out the fire 23- There was a lake in the oil tank , so the car broke down . 2011يونيو24- A space job can take several years . 2011أغسطس 25- It’s a magic feeling to travel to space .

Write a paragraph about " Different kinds of holidays "

* الحظ هنا قبل ان نتحدث عن اشكال زمن المستقبل ان جميع الكلمات الدالة علي المستقبل(tomorrow next …. – in the future تكتب مع االشكال المختلفة للمستقبل وليست خاصة بشكل واحد )

منهم فقط .

Will + inf للتعبير عن المستقبل في الحاالت التالية : will + infتستخدم

- االمور المؤكد حدوثها في المستقبل 1 Sara will be twenty next Friday

- التنبأ بحدوث أمور في المستقبل مع عدم ذكر الدليل 2I think they will arrive in an hour

والذهاب لتنفيذها quick decision- اتخاذ قرارت سريعة 3You look very ill . I will cal a doctor

8

Grammar

Future formsأشكال المستقبل

Paragraph writing

- الترتيبات المور بسيطة ال تحتاج العدادات مسبقة 4I will meet you tomorrow

promise- الوعد 5If you succeed , I will get you a present

threaten- التهديد I will punish you if you make another mistake

offer- العرض 6I will make you a cup of tea

request- الطلب Will you help me with the homework

الحظ ان الروابط والتعبيرات واالفعال االتية تستخدم معwill + inf If – unless – after – before – when – as soon as – until I’m sure – think – believe – hope – expect – suppose – promise

ظروفadverbs تستخدم مع will+ inf Probably – possibly – certainly – perhaps

L عن المستقبل ولكنها مه shall+ inf* الحظ انه يمكن استخدام فقط وتستخد I / We للتعبير ايضالالقتراح

Shall we go to the park ? am / is / are going to + inf

تستخدم للتعبير عن المستقبل في حالة- توضيح نية او تخطيط او قرار لعمل شيء في المستقبل ) بدون القيام بالترتيبات الالزمة لهذا االمر ( 1

) plan خطة–يخطط - decide يقرر - decision قرار - intend ينوي - intention نية ( I’m going to do exercises every day They are going to spend the summer holiday in Alex .

- التنبأ بحدو امور في المستقبل بناء علي وجود دليل عليها في الحاضر 2Look out ! The car is going to crash

الحظ في حالة ذكر الدليل علي am/ is/are going to +inf في جملة ونستخدم I think* يمكن استخدام

التنبأ The sky is very cloudy ,I think it’s going to rain

بمكن التعبير عن التخطيط او النية بهذا الشكل ويساويam/is/are going to + inf My plans are / I plan to + inf / I intend to +inf / I decided to +inf

اذا كانت جملةsituation وبها intend او plan يجب الرد علي هذه الجملة بـ am / is / are going to + inf او I intend to + inf

* Someone asks you what you plan to do after school .You intend to go to the library I’m going to go to the library / I intend to go to the library

Present Continuous)am/is/are +V.ing( زمن المضارع المستمر يستخدم للتعبير عن المستقبل في حالة االمرو التي تم االنتهاء من االعدادات والترتيبات اللزمة للقيام

بها في المستقبل وتم تحديد موعدها . Arrange – arranged – arrangements

Booked the tickets – packed the luggage – everything is prepared ) Ok(

استخدام اي تعبيرات من السابقة لكي نستخدم زمن المضارع المستمر للتعبير L الحظ انه ليس شرطاL من مضمون الجملة ان هذا االمر يلزمه ترتيبات مسبقة وتم عن المستقبل ولكن اذا كان مفهموما

االنتهاء منها وتحديد موعد القيام باالمر نستخدم المضارع المستمر We are having a party tomorrow .

فنستطيع ان نخمن ان كل الترتيبات اللزمة لها تم االنتهاء L طالما ان الحفلة موعدها تم تحديده وهو غدامنها وعلي هذا استخدمنا زمن المضارع المستمر .

الحظ We are saving money . we are going to buy a car . We had saved money , we are buying a car next Monday .

are going to +infفي الجملة االولي مازال االمر في مرحلة الخطة او القرار فاستخدمنا في الجملة الثانية انتهينا من االجراء المطلوب لشراء السيارة فاستخدمنا المضارع المستمر .

9

في بعض االحيان يمكن استخدامam/is/are going to+infوالمضارع المستمر علي حد سواء بدون وجود اختالف .

My friend and I are watching the match tonight My friend and I are going to watch the match tonight.

فقط مع افعال مثل مشاهدة التلفزيون I* اما اذا كانت الجملة بالضمير I am going to watch TV tonightI am watching TV tonight )X(

تم الترتيب معه Iالجملة السابقة تعبر عن نية وال يمكن اعتبارها تعبر عن ترتيب لعدم وجود طرف مع الضمير

( في حالة الخططplans لعمل شيء في المستقبل موعده تم تحديده يمكن استخدام ) am / is / are going to + inf او present continuous ) am/is/are + V.ing (

في حالة الجمل التي تعبر عن القيام بزيارة تكتب في المضارع المستمر الن الزيارات ال يتنبأ بها ولكن يرتب لها

I’m visiting my uncle tomorrow.

* I have decided now will + inf * I have decided am/is/are going to + inf

Present Simple زمن المضارع البسيط يستخدم زمن المضارع البسيط للتعبير عن المستقبل في حالة االمور المحددة بجدول مواعد مسبق

بداية ونهاية الدراسة .........( – الحصص – المباريات – االفالم – القطارات –) الطائرات My plane leaves at 7 tomorrow

School begins next September . الحظ

I have booked the tickets , I am travelling to London tomorrow .I have booked the tickets , my plane takes off at 3.50 tomorrow .

Future continuous) will be + V.ing ( زمن المستقبل المستمر يستخدم للتعبير عن احداث ستكون مستمرة في وقت معين في المستقبل

At 7 o’clock tomorrow I will be sleepingFrom )Between ( 6 to 9 tomorrow they will be playing football.A : Can I come and see you at 8 o’clock tomorrow ? B : No, I will be driving to the airport .

Exercises

Choose the correct answer : W.B – S.B

1 -I ………to Paris later this morning. a) will fly b) fly c) flying d) am flying

2 -My plane ………….at ten o’clock tomorrow. a) leaves b) will leave c) is leaving d) is going to leave

3- I ……in the hospital . a) am probably working b) will probably work c) am probably going to work d) would probably work .4- The match ……at six o’clock . a) will start b) is starting c) starts d) is going to start 5- Zamalek ……….my team tomorrow . a) play b) are going to play c) are playing d) will play 6- "This year , I’m going on holiday with my family to Italy " – I’m sure you ………it a) are going to enjoy b) enjoy c) will enjoy d) are enjoying 7- My train ……..at 7.15 this evening a) is going to leave b) leaves c) is leaving d)will leave 8- A: Have you made any arrangements for next week ? B: Yes, I …………my friend from Cairo on Monday . a) will meet b) am meeting c) meet d) am going to meet

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9- By the age of 25 , I expect I ………..a job a) am going to have b) am having c) have d) will have 10- I have biked the tickets , I ………..to London tomorrow . a) am going b) am going to go c) go d) will go 11- We ……. a birthday party tomorrow . a) will have b) are having c) are going to have d) have 12- We have packed the luggage , our plane …….at 8 P.M a) will leave b) leaves c) is leaving d) leave 13- This time next week , I ………..on the school project . a) will be working b) am working c) will work d) work 14- The film …..at 9 o’clock this night . a) will start b) starts c) is going to start d) is starting 15- From 6 to 9 tomorrow , Omar …………. a) will sleep b) sleeps c) will be sleeping d) is sleeping 16- We ……….need to spend sometime working outside . a) are almost certainly going to b) are almost certainly b) will almost certainly d) will certainly almost 17- Look out ! The baby …………. a)is falling b) is going to fall c) will fall d) falls 18- Soha ……………20 next Tuesday . a) will be b) is c) is going to be d) is being 19- I need to keep fit .I’ve made a decision . I ………exercises regularly . a) will do b) am doing c) am going to do d) do 20- I didn’t go to school today , I ………my uncle . a) will visit b) visit c) am visiting d) am going to visit 21- She ………her aunt at the weekend . a) will probably meet b) probably meet c) am probably meeting d) am probably going to meet .22- This year , I ……….on a trip to Greece . a) going b) will go c) go d) am going to go23- The school ……….next June . a) will end b) ends c) is going to end d) is ending 24- I hope the party ………before midnight . a) will finish b) finishes c) is going to finish d) is finishing 25- A : Which book do you want ? B : I ……….the geography book . a) take b) am taking c) is going to take d) will take 26- A : We have run out of sugar . B : Ok . I …………and get some . a) ’ll go b) ’m going c) ’m going to go d) go 27- ………me some money , please ? a) Are you giving b) Are you going to give c) Will you give d) Do you give 28- They………their uncle’s farm .It’s arranged . a) visit b) are visiting c) are going to visit d) will visit 29- I’ve decided I ………an English course . a) will take b) are taking c) am going to take d) take 30- After he arrives home , he …….Sami . a) will call b) calls c) is calling d) call 31- There are a lot of clouds , I think it …………… a) is going to rain b) is raining c) will rain d) rains 32- We ……….the exam until we study hard . a) won’t pass b) aren’t passing c) don’t pass d) will pass 33- Mona promised that she ………..home tomorrow . 2011يونيو a) be b) would have been c) will have been d) will be34-I want to buy a new villa , so I ……….save a lot of money . 2011يونيو a) am going to b) will c) going to d) will be 35- The plane to Brazil ………..off tomorrow at 6:00 a.m . 2015يونيو

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Place: ……………….Speaker A:………….Speaker B:………….Function :……………

Place: ……………….Speaker A:………….Speaker B:………….Function :……………

a) is taking b) takes c) will take d) is going to take

Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly: 1- It’s arranged .We go to the Red Sea this summer )WB) 2- I think my brother is s a doctor .He’s very clever . )WB) 3- Will you play tennis after school today ? )WB) 4- My lesson is finishing at four o’clock this afternoon )WB)5- I am going to watch TV this night .6- We will visit our relatives tomorrow .7- At 4 o’clock tomorrow , I will study .8- She has decided now that she is drinking some tea .9- We’re saving up as we will buy a car .10- She is going to come to our party .11- He will travel to Alex for the summer holiday .12- I want to drink tea, are you like some ? 13- Ali has got a ticket for a play , he will go to the theatre tonight .14- I think our team is going to win 15- We’ve saved money , we are going to buy a big house .

Test 1

A- Language Functions1) Respond to the following situations: 1.Ahmed asks you about your favourite subject.2.A friend asks you about the subjects you are studying at school.3.Your cousin offered you a computer as a birthday present.4.Maha asks you why you like English.2) Supply where these situations take place and who the speakers are : 1. A: Hello! Can I help you, sir?

B: Yes, I'd like to have a single room, please. A: With or without a bathroom? B: With a bathroom.

2. A: I'd like a ticket to Alex, please.B: Here you are. A: Thanks. How much is it? B: It's 20 pounds.

3) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1. A: I am going on holiday tomorrow. B: I'm sure you...............it.

a- are going to enjoy b- are enjoying c- enjoy d- will enjoy2. A: What are you doing at the weekend? B: I expect I .................. some time with my friends.

a- am going to spend b- am Spending c-Will spend d-spend3. The population of Cairo...............reach 15 millions by 2020.

a- would b- is going to c- will d- is going4. I think the weather in England.............. .cold and rainy.

a- will be b- is going to be c- is being d- shall be5. There's not a cloud in the sky- it...............another very sunny day.

a- will be b- is going to be c- is being d- will6. I think you...............very good at squash.

a- is going to be b- are being c- are going be d- will be7. I've planned. Definitely! I...............try hockey.

a- will b- am not going to c- am going to d- won't8. A: This year I...............go swimming every day. B: That's a good idea. You will get very fit.

a- am going to b- am going c- will d- will be going

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9. There was a …………….. in the water pipe and I had to have it fixed.a- brake b- leak c- lake d- fake

10. The astronauts went on a two-hour ………………….. to replace a broken fuel pump.a- side walk b- space walk c- country walk d- walk

11. Some drivers have a sat-nav ……………….. in their car to help them find the best route. a- discipline b- system c- circulation d- repair (

12. The rocket is going to reach the Moon on Tuesday. Everyone watched the ………… on TV. a- lunch b- launch c- exploration d- excavation

13. Computer passwords should always be…………… . You should never tell anyone.a- known b- public c- secret d- distributed

14. Space ………………… can take several years. a- tasks b- jobs c- missions d- discussion

15. The Moon has ……………. than the Earth, so you could jump much higher there.a- more b- much c- few d- less

16. Doing ………………… is a very good way of keeping fit. a- housework b- homework c- exercise d- research

4) Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly: 1. The doctor exchanged me carefully before he gave me the medicine.2. Space fissions can take several years.3. Look at those clouds! It will rain. 4. I expect they are being here soon. 5. Omar's wife is pregnant. He will have a baby. 6. Do you think you are passing the test? 5) Read the following passage then answer the questions:

William Shakespeare was born in the market town of Stratford-upon-Avon . It is said that he attended the local grammar school, where the principal subject taught was Latin. Nothing certain is known of what he did between the time he left school and his departure for London . Whatever caused him to leave the town of his birth, the world can be grateful that he did so . What is certain is that he set his foot on the road to fame when he arrived in London . It is said that at first he was without money or friends there, but after that he earned a little by taking care of the horses of the gentlemen who attended the plays at the theatre. In time, as he became a familiar figure to the actors in the theatre, they stopped and spoke to him .They found his conversation so brilliant that finally he was invited to join their company . By 1592 he became one of the three leading members of a company of actors called the Lord Chamberlain's Men . This company was under the protection of the Queen's Court. From what we know of his later life, it is clear that Shakespeare's connection with the theatre made him a wealthy man, since his plays attracted large audiences and he shared in the profits .Towards the beginning of the seventeenth century not less than eleven of his plays were produced. These included the great tragedies;" Othello "," Macbeth " and " King Lear" His last work was" The Tempest".A) Answer the following questions :1. Why did the actors at the theatre invite Shakespeare to join their company ?2. What language did Shakespeare learn at his early life ? Where ?3. Why did Shakespeare look after the gentlemen's horses when he first arrived in London ?B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d :4. The words" he did so" written, in black-type, refer to.........................

a( he set his foot on the road to fame b( he left schoolc( he learnt Latin d( he left Stratford-upon-Avon

5. The passage gives us a good lesson that it is better......................a( to look after horses b( to talk to actorsc( to endure hardships or obstacles d( to be a wealthy man

6) Read the following passage, then answer the questions:Man's life has been subject to a lot of change during the last hundred years, particularly in what is

connected with his consuming habits. Sixty years ago, before the start of the consumer societies of today's world, people did not throw away so many of the things they used. They used and re-used bottles, jars , cardboard boxes, paper bags, etc. much more carefully than we do today. Now, more than fifty years later, we are returning to the same good idea which we now call "recycling".

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We can again think about what we throw out. Why do we throw away so much food packaging , so many plastic supermarket bags, old newspapers, old books, bottles and cans ? What is all this rubbish doing to our environment, to the world we live in? Can't we use some of it again? The answer is: yes, we can. New industries - recycling industries - are starting to re-use some of our rubbish. For example, the island of Taiwan now buys tons of waste paper from the U.S.A. and recycles it to make newspapers, and for use in offices and homes. Japan takes scrap metal from the U.S.A. and makes some new parts with it. Most European and American cities now have "recycling centres" for people's old bottles and newspapers. All this recycling is not only good for the environment but it is good business, too. For instance, a recycled aluminum container is 20% cheaper to make than a new one. For both the environment and the economy, recycling makes very good sense.A) Answer the following Questions:1.What "change" does the writer refer to in the first paragraph?2.Mention two industries that make use of rubbish.3.What does the underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refer to?B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:4.Our grandparents were ................ than we are today.

a( less careful b( more careful c( more economic d( less wise5.Recycling our rubbish means ............................

a( throwing it away b( keeping it c( encircling it d( using it againD- The Novel

7) (A) Answer the following questions: 1( What kind of work does Rose suggest Rudolf should do? 2( What kind of books did Rudolf finally write? 3( Why didn’t Rassendyll tell his friends that he would travel to Ruritania ? 4( Rassenyll had different skills . Mention them

B) Read the following quotation. then answer the questions“ You are 29 years old. Are you going to do anything useful? “

1-Who said this to whom?2-Why didn’t the addressed person do anything useful ?3-Do you think that people who have enough money don’t need to work ?Why ? Why not?C) Complete the following sentences:

1- Dresden was the capital city of Ruritania.2- Michael Elphberg was the half-cousin to the King of Ruritania.

E- Writing8) Write a paragraph on:

" Space holidays "9) A- Translate into Arabic: In the field of space, it is expected to set up a completely artificially constructed space colony there . According to experts' reports, it is already technically feasible to achieve such a great project. Future will witness further development in this field . B) Translate into English:

سوف تتحقق في المستقبل القريب سياحة الفضاء التي سينجذب إليها الكثير من الناس.

يقدم العلماء الجديد كل يوم لخدمة البشرية .

علم Singularمفرد السياسة

Politics دراسة االدب

اليونانيالقديم

Classics

زوجان – Trainيدرب Pluralجمع زوج

Couple

Debateمناظرة Plenty ofوفرة من Quantityكمية

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Hello English

Master

tinUowt

radnoceSy

eerht

ehT renosirPadneZ fo

yralubacoV

الهروب Specialخاص alikeمتشابه من الواقعبالتسلية

Escapism

� Excitingمثير attendيحضر متعلم جيدا)مثقف(

Well- educated

Educationتعليم Take placeيحدث Castleقلعة

حفلتتويج

Coronation العامةPublic خياليFictional

Inventيخترع Literatureاالدب Rightصحيح

Publishينشر Greeksاليونانيين Occasionمناسبة

Publicationالنشر Romansالرومان Wealthyثري

شيء Worriesهموم identicalمتطابق منشور

a publication

Signالفتة Entertainmentتسلية twinsتوأم

متاح – Excitedlyبانفعال متوفر

Available برنامج اذاعي

Radio programme

Lawyerمحامي Printيطبع Solveيحب

–يبقي يظل

remain يطاردChase قصيدة شعر

Poem

Sortنوع Suspectيشتبه rescueينقذ

بطل )قصة Works اعمال ادبية Finallyأخيرا� –رواية(

Hero

الفريق Surprisedمندهش المستضيف

The home team قائدLeader

مغزي Legalقانوني القصة -أخالقي

moral احتفالCeremony

يخطفimmenseهائل شخص

Kidnap بالضبطexactly

العابالقوي

athletics� realiseيدرك immediatelyحاال

forestغابة the rightالحق guiltyمذنب

شخصinnocentبريء طموح

ambitious

Words and opposites

Fictionalخيالي Real حقيقي

Exciting مثير Boring ممل

Available متوفر –متاح Unavailable متاح غير

Wealthy ثري Poor فقير

Legal قانوني illegal قانوني غير

Popular شعبي Unpopular شعبي غير

Escapism الواقع من الواقعيةRealism الهروب

Publish )..... / ( مجلة جريدة ينشرPublisher ناشر Publication نشر

Classics القديم واليوناني االغريقي االدب دراسةclassic )n( خالد ادبي عملClassic )adj( / / طويلة لمدة قيمة له خالد كالسيكيمسرحيات) .(Classical )adj() ( / / موسيقي كالسيكي قديم تقليدي

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Words and opposites

Derivatives

Classics : The study of the language and literature of the ancient Greeks and Romans Debate : a formal , organized discussion .Escapism : entertainment that helps people to forget about their worries .Fictional : not real , invented by a writer .Publication : when a book is printed and available to buy .Well-educated : having had a good education .Alike : almost exactly the same Coronation : a ceremony when someone becomes the new king or queen .Attend : to go to a meeting , school .Castle : a large strong building built in the past to protect people from attack .The right to : having this means you’re morally or legally allowed to do something .Occasion : an important ceremony .

Language notes

Educate)v(لم Education)n(تعليم Educational)adj(تعليمي Educated )adj ( مثقف –متعلم

Escapism )n( بالتسلية الواقع من الهروبEscape )V( يهرب Escapee الهارب

Debate )v( يناظر Debate )n( مناظرة Debatable )adj( للمناقشة قابل

Politics )n( السياسة علمPolitician )n( سياسة رجلPolitical )adj( سياسي Policy )n( تعليم ) –سياسة للفرد –شركة –مبدأعمل ( نظام

Couple – pair – double* a couple ) زوجان )زوج وزوجة * a couple of = two زوج من شيئان ينفصال عن بعضهما * a pair of زوج من شيئان ال ينفصال عن بعضهما * double مضاعف – مزدوج – يضاعف

Kidnap - hijack – imprison – capture- arrest

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Prepositions , Idioms and Expressions

hear about عن معلومات يتلقيhear of عن اخبار يسمعWell known for بـ معروفnot in the least = not at all االطالق علي ليسPay for the publication النشر تكلفة يدفعtake ) someone’s ( place شخص محل يحلwent on a tour بجولة قامmade him a lot of money كثيرة اموال له جلبت)be( based on / من مستوحي علي مبنيcan’t put it down L جانبا تضعه ان تستطيع الis about to become يصبح ان وشك عليhave the righ to في الحق لديهtake place as planned مخطط هو كما تمتat the same time الوقت نفس فيmake a visit to لـــ بزيارة يقوم)be( interested in بـ مهتمfall off his horse الحصان علي من يسقطforget about his worries همومه ينسي)be( open to the public للجمهور مفتوح

Definitions

* kidnap يخطف شخصا� طلبا� للفدية * hijack طائرة....(–يخطف )سيارة * imprison يسجن * capture يسيطر علي–يأسر * arrest يقبض علي

alike – similar – the same – like – look like* alike أشخاص ( تكتب في نهاية الجملة–متشابه ) أشياء * similar)to( ) متشابه / مشابه )جزئي بوجود اختالف * the same )as ( ) متشابه / نفس الشيء ) كلي * like ) مثل ) تتبع بالطرف االخر المشابه لما قبلها * look like يشبه

)be( based on / )be( based in* )be( based on )...... مبني علي / مستوحي من )للقصص / االفالم * )be( based in يكون مقره في

Hero / champion* hero )........ بطل )قصة / فيلم * champion بطل رياضي

Publish / spread / come out / advertise- polish * publish ).......... ينشر )قصة / جريدة / مجلة * spread معلومات ....(– العلم – المعرفة –ينشر / ينتشر ) الوعي * come out ) be published ( )......... تصدر )قصة / رواية Ex: A new novel by Naguib mahfouz came out ) was published ( last week .* advertise يعلن عن سلع او منتجات * polish يلمع

Suspect – a suspect – suspicious- suspicion* suspect يشتبه– يرتاب –يشك * a suspect مشتبه * suspicious شكاك * suspicion الشك

Was/ were born – borne* was / were born يولد * borne يطيق– يحمل –يتحمل

Coronation – coronet* coronation حفل تتويج * coronet تاج صغير

Live – alive – life – a life – the life of* live X die يموت–يعيش * alive )adj ( X dead علي قيد الحياة - ميت–حي * life X death الحياة )بوجه عام ( - الموت * a life ) حياة )نوع معين من الحياة Ex : He leads a life of entertainment .* the life of + حياة )شخص ( اسم عاقل Ex: Can you tell us about the life of Anthony Hope ?

Die* die of عطش ...(– مجاعة –يموت بسبب ) مرض * die from لدغة ....(– اصابة –يموت بسبب ) جرح * die out ينقرض * die away يزول–يضمحل * deadly مميت

Decide* decide to + inf يقرر أن * decide on + يحدد–يقرر اسم

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Listening

Reading

* decide that + يقرر ان جملة

Tape scriptPresenter : In today’s Book Programme we’re going to hear about the life and work of the writer Anthony Hope .In the studio we have Professor David Lyons from the University of South London .Professor Lyons , Anthony Hope is well known for his adventure novels , but what sort of a man was he ? Was he like his heroes ? Prof Lyons : Not in the least .Anthony Hope was a well-educated English lawyer who started writing in his free time .Presenter : Could you tell us something about his early life ? Prof Lyons : Yes, of course . Anthony Hope was born near London in 1863 .After finishing school , he went to Oxford University , where he studied classics .He was interested in politics and was a good speaker in university debates . After Oxford , he trained as a lawyer and started working in London in 1887 .Presenter : So how did he start writing? Prof Lyons : Well, lawyers in those days had plenty of free time – so Hope wrote short stories fro magazines .He wrote his first novel " A Man Of Mark " in 1890 , but he had to pay for the publication himself . Presenter : How about his most famous book , "The Prisoner Of Zenda " ? Did he pay for that ?

Prof Lyons : No. By then , he was already a successful writer .The amazing thing about this book was how quickly he wrote it .He first had the idea in late 1893 and the book was published in April 1984 .It was immediately successful .Presenter :What was so special about "The Prisoner Of Zenda " ? Prof Lyons : Well, it’s a very exciting adventure story which takes place in a fictional European country . I think it was so popular because it is not about everyday lives .people like escapism .Presenter : Did Hope marry ? Prof Lyons : Yes, he did .In 1903 , he went on a peaking tour to other countries and met Betty Somerville . The couple were married later that year , then came back to England , where they had two sons and a daughter .Presenter : And did he continue writing ? Prof Lyons : Yes, in all he wrote thirty-two works of fiction ,but " The Prisoner Of Zenda " was always his most popular story . It made him a lot of money . A lot of films have been based on the story , and the public still enjoy reading it today .Presenter : Thank you , Professor Lyons , that was most interesting . If you haven’t read " The Prisoner Of Zenda " yet borrow it from your local library .It’s one of those books you just can’t put down

The story takes place in nineteenth-century Europe. Rudolf Rassendyll, a wealthy Englishman, if the cousin of Rudolf Elphberg, who is about to become the new king of Ruritania, a fictional country in central Europe. Rudolf Rassendyll decides to travel to Ruritania to attend the coronation of his cousin, who he has not met before. Soon after he arrives, he is walking through a forest where he meets the future king. The two men of surprised to discover that they are so unlike: they are almost identical twins. The cousins talk excitedly about the coronation.

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However, on the night before the great occasion, Rudolf Elphberg is kidnapped by his younger brother Michael and locked in the castle in the town of Zenda. Although Michael does not have the right to be the next king of the country, he is popular with some of the people of Ruritania. He wants to stop the coronation so that he can become the next king himself. Rudolf Rassendyll solves the problem by taking his cousin place. Because the two men look so alike, nobody realizes what is happening and the coronation takes place as planned. While Rudolf Elphberg remains in the castle, Rudolf Rassendyll lives the life of the king and spends time with his cousin’s friends. At the same time, he realizes that he cannot remain the king of Ruritania forever. He decides to rescue Rudolf Elphberg.The story ends happily for Elphberg when he finally becomes the new king. Michael dies. Rassendyll says goodbye to his friends and leaves the country. The people of Ruritania never find out what has really happened.

How interesting (amazing ) ! Really ? That’s unbelievable Is that right ? I’m very surprised

* ملحوظة طريقة مختلفة للتعبير عن الدهشة

He has bought a new car Has he ?

عن * معبرا� للجمة استمع الذي الطرف من الرد ولكنه مذيال� سؤاال� ليس الحالة هذه في انه الحظالعبارة قائل الشخص نفس يقوله المذيل السؤال الن دهشته

Ex : He has bought a new car , hasn’t he ? ) مذيل ) سؤالEx : He has bought a new car . – Has he ) Expressing surprise (

Ex 2 : Someone tells you that Hope wrote The Prisoner Of Zenda in three months .You’re very surprised by this - That’s unbelievable ! - Did he ? - Really ?

Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: W.B

1- My brother is a very well………..man . He went to Cairo university and then Oxford . a) educate b) education c) educated d) graduate

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Expressing surprise or interest واالهتمام الدهشة عن التعبير

Language function

Exercises

2- We’re having a ………at school next week about ways of reducing global warming . a) discussion b) argue c) ring d) debate3- For some people reading and watching films are forms of ……… a) escapism b) sports c) entertain d) games 4- In the past ,many English children studied ………at school .Now most schools teach modern language a) classic b) classics c) classes d) classy 5- Olive Twist is the ……..hero of one of Chales Dickens’s most famous novels . a) fictional b) fiction c) non-fiction d) real 6- The Prisoner Of Zenda was ready for …….a few months after Anthony Hope thought of the idea a) publish b) polish c) publication d) spread 7- Although everyone in my family works hard ,we aren’t a ……..family . a) wealth b) health c) healthy d) wealthy 8- In Britain children ……….primary school between the ages of 5 and 11 a) go b) come c) attend d) give 9- The …….of Queen Elizabeth II took place in 1952 . a) party b) coronation c) crown d) coronet 10- Nobody has the ………..to steal things from other people . a) light b) tight c) right d) might 11- Some twins are more ………than others . a) similar b) like c) likely d) alike 12- …………were usually made from stone to stop attackers from breaking in . a) Houses b) Castles c) Farms d) Schools

13- He is not in the ……………cruel .He’s very kind a) less b) least c) little d) mess 14- She is well known…………her generosity . a) for b) in c) at d) on 15- A lot of films were ………..on this story . a) base b) basis c) based d) basic 16- Rudolf Rassendyll took his cousin’s ……….to attend the coronation . a) palace b) place c) castle d) happen 17- Our party took place as ………….. a) planned b) plane c) plan d) planning 18- He doesn’t have enough money so he can’t afford the ……….of his book . a) publish b) publication c) spread d) spray 19- There are some flats ……….for rent . a) avail b) valuable c) available d) dependent 20- Tomorrow ,I’ll ………..a visit to my uncle a) make b) do c) had d) resort 21- Water freezes at 0 …………….. Celsius . a) mark b) temperature c) cases d) degree 22- We should try to ……….the problem of pollution . a) solve b) solution c) save d) dissolve 23- The newly married ……….are living next door . a) pair b) couple c) two d) double 24- It’s a very good ……..to tell you the latest news . a) coronation b) party c) occur d) occasion 25- A …….is something you read . a) publication b) publish c) novelist d) classical 26- The gang ……….the businessman’s child and asked for a ransom . a) hijacked b) kidnapped c) killed d) shot 27- Tutankhamun became pharaoh when he was only nine years old . - ………… a) Has he ? b) Did he c) Hasn’t he ? d) Didn’t he ? 28- He likes to study English ………….

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Test yourself

a) literate b) magazines c) literature d) classic 29- Rudolf Rassendyll is the ……….of The Prisoner OF Zenda a) champion b) guest c) host d) hero 30- The new king is popular ……….his people . a) at b) with c) on d) in 31- Every body have the right ………..education . a) of b) at c) on d) to 32- They were almost …………twins a) alike b) similar c) identical d) like 33- The book is so exciting that I can’t put it ………… a) on b) to c) for d) down 34- He is ………….to become the new king . a) about b) at c) of d) in 35- We should try hard to …………the problem of pollution . a) salute b) solve c) salt d) save 36- A ………speaks for people at the courts . a) doctor b) lawyer c) nurse d) diplomat 37- Hope wrote short stories ………magazines . a) at b) in c) for d) of 38- The amazing thing about the book is how ……….he wrote it . a) slow b) quick c) lucky d) quickly 39- He went to Oxford University …………..he studied classics . a) when b) where c) who d) what 40- She was …….in a big city . a) born b) borne c) bear d) bore41- My little brother was …………..by a brave policeman . a) safe b) save c) saved d) kidnapped 42- Novels are usually works of ……………but they are often based on real life . a) fictional b) fiction c) realism d) functional 43- ………..means not real or invented by a writer . a) Escapism b) functional c) fictional d) factual 44- ……………is a formal organized discussion . a) Debate b) Argument c) Conflict d) Battle 45- After Oxford , Hope trained …………a lawyer . a) in b) of c) as d) on 46- Movies are a form of …………for many people because they can get them away from the worries of lives . 2014يونيو a) escapism b) autobiography c) autography d) biodynamic47- A/An ……….is a ceremony in which somebody officially becomes a king . 2011يونيو a) occasion b) debate c) organization d) coronation 48- …….is the entertainment that helps people to forget about their worries 2011أغسطس a) Euphemism b) Escapism c) Publication d) Presentation 50- Oliver Twist is a ……character created by Charles Dickens in 1838. 2012يونيو a) fictional b) familiar c) historical d) critical 51- Although the twins are …………………, their personalities are different. 2013أغسطس a) same b) like c) common d) alike52- The diamonds are so much …………that you cannot tell the difference . 2014يونيو a) like b) look like c) alike d) unlike Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly: ( W.B) 1- Novels are usually works of fictional, but they are often based on real life .2- Anthony Hope’s first novel was polished in 18903- Films and books can sometimes help people to escapism from their everyday worries 4- My brother has a good educated .He went to one of the best universities .5- You can still see a lot of classics architecture in Greece and Rome .6- They attended the celebration of the new queen 7- Some people resort to escape to forget about their worries .

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8- There is a delete at our school about climate change . 9- She is well education , everyone learns from her .10- He took his brother’s part to attend the party .11- The key of my car was blocked inside .12- My brother has two identity twins 13- The girls were chatting excited about the concert 14- King built palaces to protect their land from any invasion . 15- We should give women their wrights as men .

* البد ان نعرف اننا في هذا الدرس لن نتحدث عن ضمائر الفاعل ولكن سنتحدث عن االسماء التي تستخدمكفاعل في اول الجملة وتنقسم الي نوعين :

Countable nouns أسماء معدودة

اذا ذكرت في جملة ثانية the او a – an – oneوهي االسماء التي تجمع وتعد ويكتب قبلها في حالة المفرد A train trains an accident accidents A book books an hour hours

قد يكون لالسم الغير معدود جمع شاذ A child children a man men

* الكلمات التالية تسبق االسماء المعدودة في حالة الجمع

I have got a lot of booksHow many friends do you have ? We have got few apples .We need someWe have a few CDs .She has some oranges in the fridge.Do you have any pens ? I have got no notebooks .

a lot of/ lots of (في الجمل المثبتة )كثير منMany في جمل النفي او سؤال كم العدد كثير منFew قليل )غير كافي ( تعبر عن نفي a few ) قليل ) كافي Some ) بعض ) في االثبات وسؤال العرض او الطلب any ) أي )في النفي والسؤال no ال )نفي (

الحظ

- الكلمات التالية تعامل معاملة الجمع People – police – cattle – goods – clothes - customs – wages –outskirts

ادوات ( تعامل معاملة الجمع –- االسماء التي تتكون من شيئان ال ينفصال )مالبس Shoes – socks – trousers – gloves – jeans – shorts – glasses – scissors – pliers

اصبحت مفردة النهما يعتبران وحدة تجزئة a pair of/ this pairولكن اذا استخدمنا قبلها Ex : This pair of shoes is very expensive Ex: The shoes I bought were tight

وما بعدها جمع وهما واالسم الذي two زوج من ( فهما بمعني – )زوجان the couple أو a couple of* اما بعدهما فاعل جمع

Ex : A couple of weeks are a long time to wait .

Uncountable nouns األسماء الغير معدودة

* هي االسماء التي ال تجمع وال تعد )كميات ( وتعامل معاملة المفرد وهي تشمل Liquids السوائل Water - oil – tea – milk – juice – coffeeMaterials المواد الخام Iron – wood – plastic – copper – gold Phenomena الظواهر Tide – lightning – thunder – eclipse

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Grammar

Subject – verb agreementوالفعل الفاعل توافق

Subjects المواد الدراسية Maths – science – physics – Algebra Activities االنشطةReading – cycling – writing – shoppingAbstract nouns االسماء المجردة Progress – hope – behaviour – beauty – freedom – luck – patience – honesty – tolerance – peace Gases الغازات Oxygen – hydrogen – carbon dioxideSports الرياضات Football – tennis – volleyball - basketball Meals الوجبات Breakfast – lunch – dinnerLanguages اللغات Arabic – English – French – Italian – Persian Other nouns أسماء أخرى Furniture االثاث - grass العشب - luggage – baggage االمتعة - jewellery – money – electricity – work – news – information – laughter – rubbish – hair- traffic - clothing – sand – rain – ice – money Some types of food بعض انواع االطعمة Rice – macaroni – jam – butter زبدة - yogurt زبادي - flour دقيق - sugar – meat – bread

a – an* كما قلنا من قبل االسم الغير المعدود يعامل معاملة الفاعل المفرد ولكن ال يستخدم قبله Ex: Our furniture is very new

a – an* الحظ انه يمكن استخدام االسم الغير معدود كصفة السم مفرد بعده ففي هذه الحالة يسبق بـ وليست خاصة باالسم الغير معدود ولكنها خاصة باالسم المعدود

Ex : There is a clothing factory in our street .Ex : Don’t go through this street , there a traffic jam

* الكلمات التالية تسبق االسماء الغير المعدودة

We have got a lot of sugar How much rice do you need ? We have got little sugar .We need someWe have a little furniture .She has some ice in the fridge.Do you have any money ? I have got no information .

a lot of/ lots of (في الجمل المثبتة )كثير منMuch في جمل النفي او سؤال كم العدد كثير منLittle قليل )غير كافي ( تعبر عن نفي a few ) قليل ) كافي Some ) بعض ) في االثبات وسؤال العرض او الطلب any ) أي )في النفي والسؤال no ال )نفي (

تستخدم كلمةonly قبل a few – a little Ex: I have only a few books Ex: I have only a little rice .

اماtoo L L او الكثرة much – many او قبل few – little فتستخدم قبل ) )جدا )للتعبير عن القلة جدا ) L جدا

Ex : we have got too little tea , we need to buy some Ex : We have got too much furniture , we’ll donate some

قد تكون الكلمة منتهية بـS ولكنها غير معدودة النها تعبر عن علم او مرض او العاب Diabetes مرض السكر - measles الحصبة - politics السياسة -economics علم االقتصاد Physics الفيزياء - mathematics الرياضيات - athletics العاب القوي gymnastics الكوتشينة classics – cards - علم الوراثة genetics - الرياضة البدنية

كلمات منتهية بـS ولها معنى المفرد والجمع Means وسائل–وسيلة - species فصائل–فصيلة - crossroads طرق فرعية–مفترق طرق Series مسلسالت–مسلسل

كلمات لها معنان احدهما معدود واالخر غير معدود حسب المعنى داخل الجملة

uncountable غير معدود Countable معدود glass زجاج ice ثلجexperience خبرة

a glass كوب زجاج an ice ايس كريم an experience تجربة عملية

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Paper ورق time وقت cold برد Chicken لحم الدجاج Light الضوء Hair شعر Iron حديد Business عمل Coffee قهوة Orange ) برتقالي )اللون drink )شرب ) الكحول space فضاء

a paper جريدة a time مرة واحدة a cold نزلة برد a chicken دجاجة a light لمبة a hair شعرة an iron مكواة a business مشروع تجاري a coffee فنجان قهوة an orange برتقالة a drink مشروب a space فراغ–مساحة

Ex : Please, give me a glass of water . This window is made of glass .

درجات حرارة تعامل معاملة المفرد . – وزن – مسافة – ثمن – وقت –العبارات الدالة علي مبالغ مالية Twenty thousand pounds Five kilometers Three hours is / was / has / مصدر +s Forty degrees Fifty litres of petrol

ولكن الحظSeven pounds are on the tableThree-one pound coins are on the desk

الننا نتكلم في هذه الجملة الجملة عن عدد الجنيهات المتواجدة في مكان ما areاستخدمنا Ten minutes have passed

هنا نتحدث عن عدد الدقائق التي مرت فالمعنى يؤدي انها جمع Fifty litres of petrol fills my tank

فهنا نتحدث عن وظيفة محددة لعدد اللترات فتعامل معاملة المفرد .

* االسماء التي تشير الي مجموعة يمكن ان يستخدم معها فعل مفرد او جمع حسب القصد . Team – family – army – navy – crew – gang – group – government – population – staff Ex: The government is doing its best to solve the problems The government are meeting to discuss the problems .

ويمكن جمعها L الفاظ التجزئة التي تكتب قبل االسماء الغير معدودة ويمكن للمعدودة أيضاa bag of rice – sugar a piece/ bit of advice a bottle of milk – water – oil a lump of sugar a sheet of paper a slice of meat – beef a loaf of bread a bar of chocolate a cup of tea – coffee a jar of jam

مالحظات هامة تستخدم كلمةany في الجمل مع الكلمات الدالة علي النفي

hardly - scarcely – seldom – never – without – refuse Ex : He has hardly any sugar left in his house .

تستخدمany في جملة If للتعبير عن الشك If you want any thing , ask me .If anyone has any question , please ask .

يمكن استخدامno +noun في اول الجملة وتعبر عن نفي No one is here No rice left in our kitchen

الحظ الفرق بينa number of - the number of A number of people )are – were – have …..( The number of people ) is – was – has ……(

كلمةfoods او fruits في حالة اضافة sتعني االنواع المختلفة من الفواكه او االطعمة وكذلك كلمة fishes ) انواع االسماك(

كلمتيschool – university الجامعي ( يكونوا– اذا تم استخدامهم بمعني المبني )المدرسي معدودين اما اذا استخدموا بمعني الدراسة يكونوا غير معدودين

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Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1- Perhaps there ………..some cheerful news . a) were b) have been c) is d) has 2- There is only ……………sugar .We need to buy some at once . a) a little b) little c) a few d) few 3- After finishing ……………..she went to Alexandria university . a) a school b) the school c) school d) schools 4- Ten hundred pounds ………..a big sum of money . a) is b) have c) were d) are 5- I met Sami at the café and drank two ………….. a) coffee b) coffees c) a coffee d) cafes 6- What would you like to have ? - Half ………….and some rice . a) chicken b) chickens c) the chicken d) a chicken 7- How …….time left for our landing ? a) much b) many c) some d) any 8- There …………60 seconds in a minute a)is b) was c) has d) are 9- Have you ever seen …………..like this before ? a) orange b) an orange c) the orange d) oranges 10- I won’t drink this tea .There is ……….in my cup . a) a hair b) hairs c) hair d) the hair 11- The police ………….going to get new uniforms . a) is b) was c) have d) are 12- Classics …….. a required subject long ago . a) was b)were c) are d) is 13- My shoes ………….very expensive . a) is b) are c) was d) has been 14- Economics ……………difficult for people with poor maths skills . a) are b) have been c) is d) were 15- How …………….sugar do you need ? a) many b) any c) little d) much

16- He achieved ……………….. progress in a short time . a) many b) few c) much d) any 17- Drink ……….the cause of his illness . a) is b) were c) have d) are 18- Ten gold coins and twenty thousand pounds ………stolen yesterday . a) was b) were c) are d) has been 19- She gave me ………….of advice oh how to keep fit . a) a sheet b) a bag c) a piece d) a bottle 20- I’m sure ………..more people will see the match at the stadium . a) few b) many c) much d) little 21-Hardly ………….can climb Mount Everest . a) anyone b) anything c) someone d) anything 22- It’s very hot today , I want to have ………… a) drink b) a drink c) the drink d) no drink 23- Astronauts have a good training to do walks in ............. a) the space b) spaces c) a space d) space 24- ………………information is very important for the conference . a) A b) An c) Many d) No article 25- This year , he had ………….rain than last year . a) more b) little c) much d) fewer 26- lightening ………….appear in the sky during the day . a) don’t b) doesn’t c) isn’t d) aren’t

25

Exercises

27- This job doesn’t need ………….experience . a) an b) much c) some d) many 28- There is …………..furniture factory in our street . a) an b) no article c) the d) a 29- We can’t swim in the sea , there ……………much tide . a) is b) many c) little d) few 30- Twenty pounds …………..there on the table . a) is b) was c) are d) has 31- Would you like …………tea ? a) any b) many c) few d) some 32- Al Akhbar is ……………… a) paper b) papers c) a paper d) the paper 33- Two years ………….a long time to be unemployed . a) is b) are c) were d) have been 34- Dr.Adel is ……………..university professor . a) the b) no article c) an d) a 35- I went to ………………in Tanta , near the city centre . a) a university b) university c) an university d) the university 36- In Egypt , there ………a lot of wildlife . a) is b) are c) were d) have 37- If you want ……………you should ask your parents . a) an advice b) the advice c) advice d) advise 38- A number of people …………….gathering to call for their demands . a) is b) was c) are d) has 39-Five litres of petrol........ not enough for the trip from Cairo to Alexandria. 2013يونيو

a) is b) are c) were d) had 40- How ………….news do you have about this matter ? a) much b) many c) few d) any

Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly: ( W.B – S.B )

1- Thirty pounds are a lot of money for a five-year –old boy 2- The police is chasing the suspect 3- The team is travelling tonight to their next match 4- We have two litres of oil . – That are enough 5- Five litres of petrol are enough for me to get to work .6- Fifty degrees are a very high temperature /7- Athletics were my father’s favourite sport .8- My five-year-old sister will start a school in September .9- I don’t like an orange .

10- There are hair on the floor 11- These equipment is imported from Japan . 12- This table is made of irons 13- She reads paper every day .14- I hardly ate some food last night .15- Qasr Elshouk is one of Naguib Mahfouz’s most famous work 16- I have a bad news for you 17- We should try to reduce our imports of foreign good 18- The car is a mean of transport .19- Ten dollars are too much to pay .20- A gang of five thieves is robbing the bank .21- There is sixty minutes in an hour 22- We don’t have many furniture .23- How much times do you play tennis ?24- I did the homework without some help 25- He studies a classics at university .26- Ten minutes are not long for you to wait for the train 2011أغسطس

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Place: ……………….Speaker A:………….Speaker B:………….function

Place: ……………….Speaker A:………….Speaker B:………….function

27- Eighty kilometers is along way to travel using two liters of petrol . 2011يونيو 28- How many time does the performance last? 2013أغسطس 29- Four years are a long time to spend away from family and friends 2014يونيو

Test 2

A- Language Functions1) Respond to the following situations:1.You're asked why you admire Dr. Magdi Yacoub.2.A friend asks you what you would like to be after leaving school.3.Salem wants to know the best thing about your school.4.You're asked why you'd like to be a civil engineer.2) Supply where these situations take place and who the speakers are : 1- A: Can I help you ?

B: Yes, I like to book a double room for a week. How much is it?A: It’s 50 pounds per night.

2- A: What’s wrong with you?B: I have a headache.A: Take these tablets three times a day.

B- Vocabulary and Structure3) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1. Films and books can sometimes help people to ……….. from their worries.

a- escape b- escaping c- escapist d- escapism 2. Anthony Hope’s first novel was …………. in 1890.

a- publish b- publishing c- published d- publication3. Novels are usually works of …………., but they are often based on real life.

a- fictional b- fictionalize c- fictions d- fiction 4. The Prisoner of Zenda ………. Hope a lot of money.

a- took b- made c- let d- did5. The king was kidnapped and ……………. in the castle.

a- looked b- booked c- blocked d- locked6. My sister had a good …………. . She went one of the best universities.

a- educating b- education c- educate d- well-educated7. People believe he died after he fell ……….. his horse.

a- of b- with c- from d- off 8. Zenda is the town ………. Elphberg is locked in the castle.

a- which b- where c- what d- that9. Three days ……………………. long enough for a good holiday.

a- weren't c- aren't c- haven't been d- isn't 10. Fortunately the news ………………….. as bad as we expected.

a- wasn't b-weren't c- haven't been d- don't 11. I don't have ……………… furniture.

a- many b- much c- some d- a lot of12. Did you bring ………………… oil.

a- any b- some c- an d- a 13. I have a new ………………….. of shoes.

a- couple b- double c- twin d- pair 14. Dou you think the people --------- happy with the government?

a- are b- was c- is d- has been15. --------- the police know how the accident happened?

a- Does b- Is c- was d- Do16. Money ----------- the root of all evils.

a- are b- have been c- has d- is4) Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly: 1. Hope wrote short stories to magazines.2. The amazing thing about this book was how quick he wrote it.

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3. Is a fiction story true or invented?4. Our luggage are searched carefully.5. Much people don't have enough to eat.6. Athletics are important.

)C( Reading Comprehension and Set Books5) Read the following passage then answer the questions:

Did you think of money? Is it important to us or not ? Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, summed up the four chief qualities of money some 2000 years ago. It must be lasting and easy to recognize, to divide, and to carry. This means it must be, “ durable, distinct, divisible and portable ? “. When we think of money today, We picture it either as round, flat pieces of metal, which we call coins or as printed paper notes. But there are still parts of the world today where coins and notes are of no use .They will buy nothing, and a traveller might starve if he had none of the particular local “ money “ to exchange for food .Among isolated people, who are nooften reached by traders from outside commerce usually means barter . This is a direct exchange for pots, baskets, or other manufactured goods. For this kind of trading, money is not needed, but there is often something that everyone wants and everybody can use, such as salt to flavour food, shells for ornaments, or iron and copper to make into tools and vessels. These things :Salt, shells or metals are still used as money in some primitive parts of the world today.A) Answer the following questions :1.How would you describe money at present ?2.What does the underlined word ) barter ( mean ?3.Give a suitable title for the passage ?B) Choose the correct answer :4.In some isolated parts of the world money is …………………….

a( needed for trading b( not needed for trading c( needed for buying thing d( wanted as coins or paper notes

5.In some parts of the world today where coins and notes are of no use we can………………a( exchange goods b( use local money only c( use any other money d( buy nothing

6) Read the following passage, then answer the questions: In 1961, John Kennedy became president . The world was then introduced to his beautiful wife Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy. She was intelligent, graceful , and beautiful. Americans and the world fell in love with her. She was born Jacqueline Lee Bouvier in 1929. She lived in New York City and East Hampton, Long Island. She loved riding horses and had lessons at a very early age. She went to private schools. Her interests were writing poems and stories, ballet , and drawing. Jacqueline traveled all over the world. She became a photographer for a Washington D.C. newspaper and soon met Senator John Kennedy. She married John Kennedy in 1953. They had two children, Caroline, and John Jr., who was born just before John Kennedy became president in 1960. The family moved into the White House. They had another child Patrick, who was born prematurely and died. A president's wife is called the First Lady. As First Lady, Jackie promoted the “arts”. She introduced the world to the White House by conducting tours for visitors. She had many responsibilities, but her children always were her top priority . Tragedy struck with the assassination of President Kennedy. Jacqueline Kennedy had to care for her children alone. She moved to New York City. She protected the children from all the publicity. She wanted as much privacy as possible, but the people and press always wanted to know about her life. She married Aristotle Onassis in 1968 and lived in Greece. After his death she moved back to New York City and was the editor for Doubleday. She died in 1994. She is remembered for her grace and beauty, her love of words and her family.A. Answer the following questions:1.What did Jacqueline do after John Kennedy’s assassination?2.Where did Jacqueline live when she married Onassis?3.Why is Jacqueline Kennedy remembered?

B- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:4.Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was born in……………………..

a( 1964 b( 1929 c( 1953 d( none of these5.Jacqueline’s interests were……………………………….

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a( riding horses b( writing c( ballet d( all of theseD- The Novel

7) (A) Answer the following questions: 1( Were the King and Duke Michael friends? Why? 2( What did the owner of the inn think of the king? 3( Describe the castle of Zenda . 4( What did Robert Rassendyll think of writing books ?

B) Read the following quotation. then answer the questions“I wish he’d stay in the forest. People say he only likes hunting and good food.”“I wish he’d stay in the forest. People say he only likes hunting and good food.”

1.Who said this to whom?2.Who was the speaker talking about ?3.Why did the speaker want that person to stay in the forest?c) Complete the following sentences:

1-Robert Rassendyll believes that writing a book is the best way to get into medicine.2-Lord Burlesdon was responsible for the land around Zenda and its castle.

E- Writing8) Write a reply to the following letter :

The qualities of a good leader F- Translation

9) A- Translate into Arabic:Escapism stories are stories that make us to forget about our worries and troubles. They

take us to the world of imagination and thinking. the are the same as fictional stories that are not real or true.B) Translate into English:

الجرائم. ومرتكبو المجرمون فيه يحبس الذى المكان هو السجنأضعها أن أستطيع ال أني لدرجة جدا رائعة القصة .L جانبا

–نوع يكتب

Type أمواجWaves فحمCoal

29

Hello English

Master

tinUeerht

radnoceSy

eerht

ygrenE

yralubacoV

علي االلة زيت

الديزلDiesel مصدرSource رياحWind

الواحشمسية

Solar panels غير معقول–ال يصدق

Incredible وقود حفري Fossil fuel

ريشةالمروحة

Blade يحفر–يثقب Drill متجددRenewable

كهرومائي

Hydroelectric عميقDeep غير متجددNon-renewable

–يهدر –يضيع نفاية

Waste يزود ...بــSupply…with مرة كل– ذات مرة

Once

توربيناترياح

Wind turbines تحت االرضUnderground سائلLiquid

Moltenمصهور Power stationمحطة طاقة Replaceيستبدل Nuclear ذري–نووي Largeكبير Speedسرعة

استاذ Materialمادة خام جامعي

Professor ينقل باالنابيب

Pipe

Power قوة–طاقة discussيناقش Withoutبدون Energyطاقة Predictionتنبأ Reduceيقلل –عبر خالل

Through ثريWealthy الضغطPressure

Surfaceسطح Industryصناعة Polluteيلوث Formشكل Impressedمتأثر Environmentالبيئة يعتمدعلي

Depend on سويا� –معا� Together فتحة–ثقب Hole

Steamبخار الماء Hard بجد –صلب Storeيخزن علي

االرجح Probably قوة –يجبر Force يولد –ينتج Produce

مكانالعمل

Workplace يدفعPush الكهرباءElectricity

–يقسم Buryيدفن ينقسم

Split بالداخلInside

–نبع مياه Atom نواة –ذرة Instead ofبدال� من الربيع

Spring

نظام تكييفالهواء

Air conditioning مباشرةStraight يضخ– مضخة

Pump

–يتلف تلف

Damage ذرةCorn معدنMetal

نفاعلنووي

Nuclear reactor يقسم اليDivide into يستخرجExtract

Generateيولد Geothermalتحت االرض

Push يدفع Pull يشد

Inside بالداخل Outside بالخارج Reduce يقلل Increase يزيد Last يدوم Run out ينفذ Liquid سائل Solid صلب

Split يقسم Join يتحد Above فوق Below أسفل

30

Words and opposites

Could you explain how …..? ..... ؟ كيف تفسر ان يمكن هلThis is known as بـ معروف هذاProduce /generate / make electricity كهرباء يولدBelow the surface of the earth االرض سطح اسفلCome up يرتفع )be( connected to بـ متصلRun out of + لديه – مفعول ما ينفذ يستهلك Run out مفعول ينفذ بدون Run on )..... – ( وقود كهرباء بـ يسيرDo a survey into علي استطالع يجريOn the earth’s surface االرض سطح عليUsing today’s technology ) ( الحديثة اليوم تكنولوجيا باستخدامIt’s been a pleasure سروي دواعي من انهOver millions of years السنين ماليين عبرNothing can live without energy طاقة بدون الحياة يستطيع شيء الFor centuries قرون مدي عليMake use of – يستغل يستخدمMake greater use of من أكبر استفادة يحققAs well as being لكونها باالضافةIn an open place مكشوف مكان فيEnergy saving –habits الطاقة توفير عاداتIncrease by )30%( بنسبة 30يزيد % Coal fired furnace بالفحم يعمل فرنLast for – لمدة يستمر يدومCan be captured and stored تخزينها و تجميعها يمكنIt’s important for us to أن لنا المهم منUse up يستهلك Drill deep بعمق يحفر

Fossil fuels : fuels made from animals or plants that lived millions of years ago Generate : make electricity Hydroelectric : using water power to produce electricity .Renewable : can be replaced at the same speed it is used .Waste : materials left after you have used something which you don’t need .Wind turbine : a building with parts that turn with the wind which is used to make power .Liquid : a substance that is not solid or a gas )water ( Molten : molten metal or rock is liquid because it’s extremely hot .Nuclear : using the energy from splitting or joining atoms .Pipe : to send a liquid or a gas through a pipe .Pressure : is the force produced when two things push together against each other

Coal : is a black fossil fuel from underground .Atom : the smallest part that a substance can be divided into .Power station : a building where electricity is made .

Pollute)v( يلوث Pollutant)n( ملوثة مادةPollution)n( التلوث Polluted)adj( ) ( نظيف غير ملوث شيء

Energy )n( طاقة Energetic )adj ( بالطاقة مليءEnergetically )adv( بهمة

Generate)v( يولد Generator )n( المولد Generation )n( توليد

Impress)v( يؤثر Impressed )adj ( متاثر Impressive )adj( مؤثر

Renew )v( يجدد Renewal )n( تجديد Renewable )adj( متجدد Non-renewable )adj( متجدد غير

Produce )v( ينتج Product )n( منتج Production )n( انتاج Productive )adj( االنتاج وفيرProducer )n( منتج

Energy – power* energy ) نشاط–طاقة)القدرة علي عمل شيء * power ) نفوذ– قوة محركة –طاقة)كهربائية

Split – spill – spell* split – split – split ينشطر– يشطر –يقسم

31

Derivatives

Prepositions , idioms ad expressions

Definitions

Language Notes

* spill – spilt – spilt يسكب * spell – spelt – spelt يتهجي

Molten – melted – dissolve* molten معدن .......(–مصهور تحت درجة حرارة مرتفعة ) حديد * melted زبدة- ثلج...(– شيكوالته –ذائب عند درجة الحرارة العادية ) ايس كريم * dissolve سكر ( في سائل–يذيب )ملح

Outdoor – outdoors* outdoor)adj ( ) خارج المنزل ) ياتي بعدها اسم We like to play outdoor games * outdoors )adv( ) خارج المنزل ) ياتي قبلها فعل We like to play games outdoors .

It takes* it takes + time + to + مصدر It takes three hours to write this article * It takes + مفعول + time + to مصدر It takes Sami two hours to finish the homework . مصدر take)s( + time + to + فاعل * He took four hours to study his lessons .

Instead of – instead* instead of +V.ing من اسم او L بدال She watched TV instead of cooking lunch .* instead, من ذلك جملة L بدال She didn’t cook lunch ,instead she watched TV .

Provide …..with – provide …….for* provide ) يزود )شخص ( بـــ–يمد الشيء with).. شخص–دولة

* provide )شيء ( for ) دولة (–يوفر الشيء ل) شخص ).... دولة–شخص

Tape script Interviewer : Doctor Zaki , I’ve heard that we get energy from rocks under the earth .Could you explain how for your listeners ? Dr.Zaki : Yes, of course .We get energy from the heat inside the earth .This is known as Geothermal energy ."Geo " means earth and "thermal " means heat . Interviewer : But rocks are cold , aren’t they ? Dr.Zaki : Not all rocks are cold . Below the surface of the earth , the pressure is so great that rocks are in a very hot liquid form .We say these rocks are molten .Interviewer : I see .Dr.Zaki : The molten rocks heats underground lakes of water .Sometimes, steam is produced like this .When the hot water comes up through a hole in the earth’s surface , that’s when we get hot springs Interviewer : Is this like the hot water that comes up in the Siwa Oasis ? Dr.Zaki : That’s right Interviewer : That’s very interesting .But I don’t understand how we can use energy from these molten rocks .Dr.Zaki : Well, using today’s technology , we drill deep below the earth’s surface into the underground lakes of hot water .This water is then pumped to the surface and is heated again to make steam . The steam is then piped to a power station where it is used connected to machines which produce electricity .Interviewer : That’s incredible .So we do this already ? Dr.Zaki : Yes, There are geothermal power stations that produce as much energy as two large Coal power stations . Interviewer : Well , doctor thank you for talking to us about this very interesting subject .Dr.Zaki : It’s been a pleasure .

32

Listening

Reading

Nothing can live without energy ,people ,animals and plants need energy to live and machines need energy to work . Today , most of the energy we use still comes from fossil fuels like coal ,oil and gas , which have been formed underground over millions of years .We call these non-renewable forms of energy because they can only be used once .Because of this, we need to reduce our use of non-renewable fuel and use more renewable forms of energy like that from the sun ,wind or geothermal energy . For centuries , the wind has been used to sail ships and to pump water .Now it is used to produce electricity .Groups of wind turbines along the Red Sea in Egypt generate large amounts of electricity . Water is also a renewable source of energy .Huge quantities of water go through the High Dam at Aswan from Lake Nasser . This hydroelectric power supplies Egypt with a lot of its electricity .As well as being inexpensive to produce ,this clean energy doesn’t pollute the environment . Other countries depend on nuclear power –power produced when atoms split .However, nuclear power produces dangerous waste, which must be stored for thousands of years before it is safe . Accidents at nuclear power stations are extremely dangerous to people’s health and to the environment . Energy from the sun is probably the best form of renewable energy .Scientists believe that the sun’s energy will last for another five billions years . This energy can now be captured and stored .It is important for us to save energy in our homes and workplaces in order to stop using up non-renewable sources of energy .

Choose the correct answer : W.B

1- Water is the …………..form of ice . a) solid b) liquid c) hard d) easy 2- You send a liquid or gas through a/an …………..to move it to another place . a) pipe b) paste c) air d) trunk 3- Electricity is produced in a …………station . 2014أغسطس a) bus b) railway c) power d) space 4- ………is the force produced when two things push against each other . a) gravity b) pressure c) power d) energy 5- …………is a black fossil fuels from underground . a) Gas b) Water c) Oil d) Coal 6- When atoms are spilt, …………energy is produced . a) Electric b) nuclear c) hydroelectric d) solar 7- If you make rock or metal very hot , it becomes …….. a) molten b) dissolved c) melted d) boiled 8- Coal, oil, and gas are...fuels, which have been formed under the ground millions of years ago.

a) energy b) electricity c) fossil d) waste 2013يونيو 9- Modern ……….are tall towers which are built where there is a lot of wind . a) buildings b) turbines c) houses d) flats 10- Many countries are now using more ………..forms of energy from the sun and wind a) non-renewable b) fossil c) renewable d)new 11- We get energy from ………….inside the earth . a) hot b) heat c) cold d) warm 12- "Geo" in geothermal means …………. a) sun b) mountain c) heat d) earth 13- Energy from the wind is …………because it doesn’t pollute the environment . a) dirty b) clean c) clear d) full 14- Unlike oil, coal can’t be …………. a) sent b) transported c) piped d) burnt 15- If you put ice cream outside the fridge , it turns into a ………….. a) liquid b) steam c) solid d) wind 16- The ……………..iron can be shaped easily .

33

Exercises

a) melted b) molten c) liquid d) hard 17- …………..fuels like coal , oil and gas . a) Fossil b) Cool c) Hot d) Dirty 18- We need to ………..our use of non-renewable fuels . a) increase b) raise c) empty d) reduce 19- The sun , wind or geothermal energy are …………forms of energy . a) renewable b) non-renewable c) fossil d) renew 20- For centuries ,wind has been used ………….ships 2011يونيو a) to sailing b) sailed c) sailing d) to sail21- The wind turbines along the Red Sea ………….large amounts of electricity . a) do b) generate c) drive d) regard 22- Huge ……….of water go through the High Dam at Aswan a) quantities b) mounts c) qualities d) accounts 23- Energy which comes from water is called ……………. a) Electronic b) nuclear c) solar d) hydroelectric 24- ……………being inexpensive to produce, solar energy doesn’t pollute the environment . a) Despite b) As well As c) Without d) Due to 25- We should depend ………….ourselves . a) at b) for c) on d) in 26- We can’t use nuclear waste before it is ………… a) safe b) safety c) save d) dangerous 27- Hydroelectric Power doesn’t cause ………….to the environment . a) pollute b) pollutant c) pollution d) polluted28- Fossil fuels have been formed …………..millions of years . a) over b) of c) at d) in 29- We should ………….our use of renewable forms of energy . a) decrease b) rise c) increase d) devalue 30- The price of oil will increase ………30% in the next five years . a) in b) on c) with d) by 31- All living things need ……………….to grow and move . a) energy b) seeds c) generation d) production 32- Giving up smoking …………the risk of heart diseases a) includes b) decreases c) increases d) interfere 33- When atoms ………….huge amounts of energy are released . a) spilt b) spelt c) spoil d) split 34- He had a/an………..for a job with an export company . a) interview b) conversation c) dialogue d) date 35- Geothermal energy is …………from the heat inside the earth . a) given up b) taken c)extracted d) existed 36- We can save energy by switching …………..lights when not needed . a) on b)in c) of d) off 37- What types of energy are used ………….in Egypt today a) most b) many c) a lot d) few 38- Switching off air conditioning is one of energy ……….habits . a) save b) safe c) safety d) saving 39- Using …………..technology , we can make best use of renewable sources of energy . a) today b) daily c) today’s d) a day 40- Renewable energy can be ………..at the same speed it’s used . a) placed b) replaced c) took place d) palace 41- Students had done a survey ………….how to save energy . a) at b) from c) for d) into 42- Wind and sun produce ………..energy . a) clean b) cliff c) cure d) dirty 43- Hot water comes ……….through a hole in the earth’s surface . a) in b) at c) on d) up 44- Workers need to drill …………to get to places where oil is collected . a) depth b) deep c) deeply d) deepen

34

45- We need to find more forms of energy that will never run ………….. a) out of b) out c) in d) of Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly :

1- Hydroelectric power supplies Egypt of a lot of electricity . 2- Dangerous waste must be stared for thousands of years. 3- Accidents at nuclear power station are dangerous for people’s lives 4- Scientists believe that the sun’s energy will lost for another five billion years . 5- The energy can now be caught and stored . 6- The opposite of expensive is non-expensive 7- Water passing throw a dam produces nuclear power )WB( 8- Burying waist in the ground can damage the environment )WB( 9- Power stations introduce electricity )WB( 10- Fossil fulls like oil and gas are found under the ground .)WB( 11- Splitting of cells produce nuclear power . 201112- I spilt the apple into 3 pieces 13- Nuclear power stations produce dangerous waist 2014يونيو 14- Atoms are used to generate hydroelectric power .15- We should stop to damage the environment .16- To centuries water is used to generate electricity .17- We have to stop using with non-renewable energy .18- Nuclear is the form of energy from the underground .19-Renewable forms of energy will run out soon .20- Energy from the sun is probable id the best form of renewable energy .21- We are used natural gas in our cars nowadays 2014أغسطس

هـو التصريـف األول للفعــل بإضافة :ـ المضــارع البسيـط s – es – ies إذا كـان فاعـل ( He – She – It).أو اسـم مفـرد He – She – It الجمـلـة مفـرد غـائـب

I play football with my friends. He plays football with his friends.نضيـف للفعـل es بــ L . ss – sh – ch – o – x إذا كان منتهيـا

She goes to school on foot. She passes her exam.He washes his car every week. A cat catches mice.

إذا كان الفعل منتهيـا بحـرفyفيحـول إلى i ثم نضيـف es مـع المفرد الغائب إذا كانت yمسبوقة حـرف متحـرك فتبقـى كمـا هـي .yسـاكن أمـا و إذا سبـق بحـرف

Try tries fly flies study studies

:ـ الكلمـات الدالـة عليـه

usuallyعادةoftenغالباrarelyنادراsometimesأحياناfrequentlyمرارا ـ تكراراneverأبدا + everyكل

مدةalwaysدائماgenerallyعامة

يستخــــدم المضـــارع البسيـــط للتعبيـــر عـــن : :ـ استخـدامــه أحـداث متكــررة أو عـــادات

I get up at six everyday. My father usually goes to work by car.

حقــائـق أو وصــفThe Sun rises in the morning. We write English from left to right.

في أو أمر أو مستقبل يكون الثاني والفعل اآلتية الروابط بعد يطالبس المضارع يستخدم مضارع بسيط أو مضارع تام + After/ Before/ When / As soon as / the moment /till / until :(unit 1) مواعيد بجدول المحددة االمور مع المستقبل

After I write the letter, I’ll go out. – My plane leaves at 3 o’clock tomorrow.

35

Grammar

Present simple tense المضارع زمن البسيط

She won’t go to the bank until she gets the cheque..

Before she uses the computer, she will take some exercise.

: الحظ أنه يمكن استخدام فعل أمر بدال من المستقبل البسيطAfter you finish your work, call me. Before you go to bed, turn off the lights.

ـ نفـى المضــارع البسيــط: ) المصـدر + ( don't I – You – We – They – فاعل جمع .

I play tennis. I don't play tennis. They run. They don't run.

( المصـدر + ( doesn't He – She – It – فاعل مفرد .He speaks English. He doesn't speak English.

الكلمـات usually – sometimes – always - often تنفـى بـ never . I always get up early. I never get up early.She usually watches TV at night. She never watches TV at night.

ـالحـظ مـا يلي:

= It is someone's habit + to + مصـدرUsually =in the habit of + ) v + ing (

=be used to + ) v + ing (

It is my habit to get up early. ) usually(I usually get up early. ) in (I'm in the habit of getting up early. ) used (I'm used to getting up early.bhhbvjhbzj

ـالمضــارع البسيــط فى المبنى للمجهول: (am – is – are+ ) p.p

ppActive : The servant keeps the house clean.Passive : The house is kept clean by the servant.

Active : We collect rubbish from the class.

Passive : Rubbish is collected

Active : He doesn't eat meat

Passive : Meat isn't eaten

مالحظات عامة وعند وجوده في الجملة ننفي الجملة am – is – are في المضارع هة عبارة عن (be)فعل

وكذلك الحال عند تكوينdon’t – doesn’t لهم مباشرة بدون الحاجة لـ notباضافة كلمة السؤال بنوعيه

He is at the zoo now He isn’t at the zoo now Is he at the zoo now ?

لم يعد لتدل علي عدم قيام الشخص بعمل الفعل في الوقت no longerيمكن استخدام used to + inf وهي تعتبر المكمل لجملة don’t – doesn’tالحالي وهي نفي بذاتها وال تحتاج

She used to walk to school . She no longer walks يكتب في الجملة بهذا الشكل everyالكلمات الدالة علي المضارع البسيط باستثناء كلمة

I always get up earl - She sometimes cooks lunch فيكتبوا قبل الكلمات الدالة am – is – areاما اذا كان الفعل المستخدم في الجملة

He is always late for work - They are usually naughty . بهذا الشكل ).… every + )day – weekيمكن استخدام

Every day = daily يوميا� Every week = weekly اسبوعيا�

36

Every month = monthly شهريا� Every year = yearly سنويا�

Choose the correct answer : SB - WB

1- We …………..energy from rocks under the earth . a) got b) gets c) get d) are got 2- Sometimes steam ………in power stations . a) produce b) is producing c) is produced d) produces 3- Hot water …….up through a hole in the earth’s surface . a) is come b) come c) coming d) comes 4- Water is pumped to the surface and ………….again to make steam . a) heats b) heated c) is heating d) heat 5- The steam ………….to a power station . a) is piped b) pipes c) piped d) are piped 6- The molten rocks …………….underground lakes of water . a) is heated b) heats c) are heated d) heat 7- We …………deep below the earth’s surface into the underground lakes . a) drill b) are drilled c) drills d) drilling 8- The steam is connected to machines …………..electricity . a) are produced b) produces c) is produced d) produce 9- In geothermal power station , steam ………….machines which make electricity . a) is driving b) drives c) drive d) are driving 10- Rubbish …………..and recycled in some cities . a) collects b) are collected c) is collected d) collected 11- A lot of accidents ………..place on highway roads . a) are taken b) takes c) took d) take 12- Cars and other vehicles …………..by petrol . a) are run b) run c) runs d) are running 13- Every day , the dishes ……………and dried . a) wash b) are washed c) washes d) washing 14- The reports ………….to the manager every morning . a) are delivered b) delivers c) is delivered d) delivering 15- ……………….a solar panel put on your roof ? a) Are b) Is c) Does d) Do 16- This magazine …………..twenty thousand copies a day a) is sold b) sell c) sells d) sold 17- When sunlight ………the earth , power stations produce solar energy a) reaches b) reach c) is reached d) reached 18- They will travel abroad as soon as they ………….the tickets . a) getting b) are got c) gets d) get 19- Scientists ………..to find more forms of energy . a) are tried b) is tried c) try d) tries20- Huge amounts of energy …………..in nuclear power stations . a) produce b) are produced c) produces d) is produced 21- Holes ……………into the earth to find hot water . a) drill b) are drilling c) drills d) are drilled 22- In some places rubbish ………..to produce electricity . a) is burnt b) is burning c) burns d) burn 23- Blades …………..into wind turbines . a) put b) puts c) is put d) are put 24- How often ……….they play tennis ? a) are b) do c) does d) have 25- She ……………to school in her father’s car . a) usually takes b) is usually taken c) does usually take d) is usually taking 26- I always ……….a severe headache if I spend much time on the computer . 2014يونيو a) will get b) got c) am getting d) get

37

Exercises

Place: ……………….Speaker A:………….Speaker B:………….function

Place: ……………….Speaker A:………….Speaker B:………….function

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly : 1- In many parts of the world wood burns to heat people’s homes 2- Now plants and trees use in different ways by people 3- In some places sugar cane uses to make fuel for cars . 4- Vegetable oil produces from trees . 5- The wind is driven the blades )WB( 6- Energy is producing in power station 7- The electricity sends to people’s houses )WB( 8- Non-renewable forms of energy can only use once . 9- He doesn’t be a teacher .10- Nuclear power generates when atoms split 11- New novels publish every year .12- The farmer are irrigated the field every day .13- Holes drill into the earth to find water 14- Hen is supplied us with eggs .15- Does lunch prepared ? 16- He sends to prison for his crime 2011أغسطس

Test 3

A- Language Functions1) Respond to the following situations: 1.Sameh asks you about your plans for your next weekend.2.You're asked about the best way to keep fit.3.Farid asks you about the characteristics of a good friend.4.You're asked about the importance of sport.2) Supply where these situations take place and who the speakers are : 1- A: Can you show me where I can try this dress on? B: The fitting rooms are on the left over there A: thank you.

2- A: How long have you been feeling unwell? B: Since Sunday A: Well, you need to take one of these tablets 3 times a day.3) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1."Nuclear energy" is the powerful force produced when the nucleus of an atom either……. or combines with another atom.

a-spells b- splits c- spills d- spoils 2.Rubbish is a cheap sort of …………….….. energy.

a- nuclear b- non-smoking c- non-renewable d- renewable 3.When oil …………………., it is pumped to the surface.

a- find b- found c- is found d- founded4.Hydroelectric power does not ……….the atmosphere

a- purify b- pollinate c- pollute d- promote 5.Scientists ………to find more sources of renewable energy.

a- is wanted b- am wanted c- has wanted d- want 6.We can benefit from newspapers by ………..

a-a- recycling b- making c- using d- cleaning 7.My sister ……..at six tomorrow morning.

a- arrives b- arrived c- has arrived d- was arrived 8.Windmills are connected to turbines to ………electricity.

a- motivate b- radiate c- generate d- facilitate 9."A hydro-electric station" uses ……………… power to produce electricity.

a-wind b- coal c- water d- oil

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10.It takes ………………….. of years for fossil fuels to form. a-thousands b- hundreds c- millions d- billions

11.In many parts of the word , wood ………………….. to heat people's homes.a- burn b- burns c- is burnt d- are burnt

12.Sugar cane ………………….. and used to make fuel.a- grow b- grows c- grown d- is grown

13.We ………………….. water to the surface and heat it again.a- pump b- pumps c- are pumped d- is pumped

14.Water ………………….. to the surface and heated again.a- pumps b- is pumped c- pump d- are pumped

15.The tower ………………….. in an open place.a– build b- builds c- is building d- is built

16.………………….. means using water power to produce electricity.a- Wind b- Solar c- Atomic d- Hydroelectric

4) Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly:1.Oil company is searched for oil everywhere2.The sun rise in the earth.3.The food is preparing in that restaurant.4.Water are brought to people's houses in plastic bottles.5.Heat and light comes from the sun.6.We are used petrol in our cars.5) Read the following passage then answer the questions:

My advice about learning to drive would be to have proper lessons from a qualified instructor and never to let a friend or family member try to teach you. It's a guaranteed way to spoil a good relationship. Every Sunday, when the traffic was quieter, my father would pick me up and take me for a drive along the streets of our hometown and give me a lecture on how to drive, explaining everything he was doing and why. Eventually it was my turn to have a go. My dad was so nervous that he panicked before I'd even started up the engine. He used to shout at the slightest mistake, and when the lesson was finally over he'd come home and have a large glass of whisky to calm down.Answer the following questions:1- According to the writer, who is the best person to teach you how to drive? 2- What do you think about the writer's father?3- Find words in the passage which mean:

a( felt very frightened b( having suitable knowledge, experience or skillsChoose the correct answer:4- The underlined word he refers to ------------------.

a( the writer b( the instructor c( the writer's father d( the writer's friend5- The writer's father used to teach him how to drive --------------------.

a( once a week b( every Monday c( twice a month d( every day6) Read the following passage, then answer the questions:In Egypt, the tourism industry has come to hold a position of great importance lately. It is felt that it could help increase the national income. In some European countries, tourism has brought in millions of dollars yearly, although they lack the natural and historical attractions we have in Egypt.

We could, for instance, establish tourist villages for children on the Red Sea. We could teach fishing, swimming, diving and sailing there. Another good idea would be a village in the New Valley for horse riding. And what about villages for people with health problems like rheumatism? The warm dry climate of Aswan and Helwan would certainly help them get better.

Our tourist today wants efficient and friendly service. He would probably prefer to try our samples of our local food rather than to eat the international meals, which are served, in some places.

It must also be remembered that most tourists nowadays are seldom rich. Many of them are students or hardworking employees. So what is needed is not expensive hotels but clean comfortable places to sleep and eat in at reasonable prices. This, too, would encourage Egyptians to travel more and more around their lovely country.A) Answer the following questions:1.How could we encourage Egyptians to see more and more of their country?2.Why has tourism become very important?

39

Review A

3.What sort of people did the writer suggest to enjoy our warm dry climate?B) Choose the correct answer: 4.The writer feels that Egypt has….... the other countries which make much money out of tourism.

a( less attractions than b( the least attractions ofc( the same attractions as d( more attractions than

5.Our hotels should be ……………………………….a( expensive b( too cheap c( too expensive d( at reasonable prices

D- The Novel 7) (A) Answer the following questions: 1-How did Michael make use of his brother’s weak point ?2-How did Rassendyll feel when he saw Antoinette De Mauban ?3- Why did the king and Rassendyll stood in silence ? 4- What was Sapt’s plan ? B) Read the following quotation and answer the questions:

“And if we dress you in different clothes , no one will know .”

a- Who said this to whom ? b- What were these different clothes ? c- What was the other person supposed to do ? Why ? C) Find the mistakes in these sentences and correct them :1- Sapt and Fritz were calm when they woke Rassendyll .2- Sapt didn’t agree with the king to invite Fritz to eat with them

8) Write a paragraph of seven about:

" How to save energy ".9) A- Translate into Arabic:

There are many different forms of natural energy that give us light and power in our homes and work. One of these forms is hydroelectric power, which is a renewable source of energy. It's cheap

to produce and doesn’t pollute the atmosphere .

B) Translate into English:.L سوف تدوم بعض مصادر الطاقة مدى الحياة، والبعض األخر ينفذ قريبا.إن الماء مصدر هام للطاقة الكهرومائية فهي رخيصة كما أنها ال تلوث الجو المحيط بنا

Sea snakeثعبان البحر Smart carسيارة ذكية Wavesامواج Motorwayالطريق السريع

Rubberمطاط Safety featuresعوامل االمان Course of a river Lمجري النهر Almostتقريبا

Certainlyبالتاكيد Nearestأقرب Recommend +v.ingيزكي – يوصي بـ Garageورشة لصيانة السيارات

Captureيأسر – يسيطر Checkيفحص Specialخاص Partsأجزاء – قطع غيار

Roofسطح )منزل ..( Receiveيتسلم Warmدافيء – يدفيء Messageراسلة

Electricكهربي Solveيحل bulbلمبة – مصباح Deviceجهاز – أداة

Intelligentذكي Reduceيقلل Realizeيدرك Science fictionخيال علمي

Sandstormعاصفة رملية Destinationجهة الوصول Seabedقاع البحر Car usersمستخدمي السيارات

Riverbedقاع النهر The mouth of a riverمصب النهر

40

Hello English

Master

radnoceSy

eerht

yralubacoV

Dangerous to / for علي خطيرGo dark تظلم Generate electricity from من كهرباء يولدThat sounds like a good idea جيدة فكرة يبدو هذاFind what is wrong الخطأ ما يحددReply on your mobile المحمول هاتفك من تردControl hoe fast you drive on علي قيادتك سرعة في تتحكمIt doesn’t matter يهم الIt will be impossible to أن المستحيل من سيكونSave thousands of lives االرواح من االالف ينقذOn the internet االنترنت عليSat-nav systems ) ( الصناعي بالقمر المالحة االرشاد أنظمةHow to get to الي الوصول كيفيةExpensive to produce االنتاج في التكلفة غاليAlong the motorway السريع الطريق بطولElectric)car –bulb – company -….( الكهربية واالجهزة باالدوات خاص كهربيElectrical )engineer – wiring – equipment …( واالشخاص االعمال لوصف كهربي

Wave farmsمزارع امواج Safetyأمان Estuaryمصب النهر في البحر Slowlyببطء Surfaceسطح )االرض( Impactتاثير

Permitيسمح Car makersصانعي السيارات Simpleبسيط Brakeفرملة – يفرمل

Moving partsأجزاء متحركة Air bagوسادة هوائية )Go wrong )withيفسد – يتعطل Cyclistراكب دراجة

Fast forwardيتقدم بسرعة لالمام Driving courseدورة تعليم قيادة Run a courseينظم دورة Fineيغرم – غرامة

Barrierحاجز Tidal powerطاقة المد والجزر Environmentalبيئي Speed bumpsمطبات الطريق

عالمات – اشارات Helmetخوذة الطريق

Signs

Special خاص Public عام

Permit يسمح Forbid يمنع Simple بسيط Complex معقد

Safety أمان Danger خطر

Inlet مدخل Outlet مخرج

Ahmed : Hi, Omar .Omar : Hello, Ahmed .Ahmed : Did you see that television programme last night about energy from the sea ? Omar : No, I didn’t . I had too much homework . Was it interesting ? Ahmed : Yes, it was really interesting .It showed how electricity can be generated by waves

41

Words and opposites

Prepositions , idioms and expressions

Listening

Omar : That sounds like a good idea .How do they do it ? Ahmed : They use snakes .Omar : Snakes ? Ahmed : Not real snakes .Snakes made of rubber . Omar : Really ? How do they work ? Ahmed : Well, the snakes are nine meters long .One end is attached to the sea bed .As the waves move , the snake goes up and down and this generates electricity .Omar : Nine meters ! That’s very long , isn’t it ? Ahmed : Yes, but in the future , they’ll probably be two hundred meters long .Omar : That’s amazing ! Ahmed : They’re going to make wave farms with fifty or more snakes in one place .Omar : Really ? Isn’t it dangerous for ships to have so many of these things in the sea ? Ahmed : Yes, the snakes are just under the surface , so ships shouldn’t be permitted near the farms Omar : Are they expensive to produce? Ahmed: Not really –the snake themselves are very simple .There are hardly any moving parts .So

nothing much can go wrong .And they produce cheap electricity .Omar : That’s good , isn’t it ? There will always be waves , so it means in the future , we will never

run out of energy

You are driving your smart car along the motorway from Cairo to Aswan when something goes

wrong with the engine .You do not know what the problem is , but the computer in your car will help

you .It will examine the engine and find what is wrong . It will then connect to the internet to find the

distance to the nearest garage where your car can be repaired .the computer will then send an e-mail

to the garage to check that it has the parts you need for your car . If the garage has these , you will

receive an e-mail asking when you would like to take your car to be repaired .You will reply on your

mobile phone, which will e-mail your message to the garage .In this way ,your car’s engine problems

will be solved .

There’s also a device which will control how fast you can drive on the road you are on . It does

not matter what you do , it will be impossible to drive faster than what the device tells the

engine .Experts have found that this device will reduce the number of road accidents and save

thousands of lives every year .

Is this just a science fiction ? No, both these are currently being used .You can find information

about them on the internet .Drivers all over the world are already using sat-nav systems to tell them

where they are and how to get to their destination .In the future, technology will also help them to

solve engine problems and to keep everyone safe .

Choose the correct answer : WB – SB 1- Millions of people watched the rocket …………..on TV . a) start b) launch c) set off d) beginning 2- The medicine I’m taking is wonderful , it has no side ………….. a) results b) damage c) effects d) problems 3- My brother and I are not twins , but we are very ……………

42

Reading

Fast forward

Exercises(Vocabulary – grammar)

a) alike b) same c) like d) correct 4- Coal and oil are two kinds of fossil …………………. a) petrol b) gas c) energy d) fuels 5- Electricity is produced in a/an ………..station a) bus b) railway c) power d) energy 6- Planes are equipped with ………systems to show directions a) sat-nav b) sat c) navigation d) navy 7- The sea snakes are made of ……………… a) rubbish b) rubber c) plastic d) iron 8 - The computer in the new car finds the ……….to the nearest garage . a) distant b) length c) destiny d) distance 9- Finally we arrived at our ……………… a) destination b) location c) information d) scene 10- Drivers should always be careful when they are driving ………………motorways . a) along b) a long c) long d) length 11- We saw a programme yesterday about energy ………….the sea . a) at b) in c) from d) on 12- The ship has sunk in the ……..for more than ten years . a) river side b) seabed c) lake d) leak 13- The programme showed how electricity can be ……………..by waves . a) done b) introduced c) generated d) repaired 14- I …………..the file to the e-mail I sent to London . a) attacked b) attached c) got d) mixed 15- Car computer can ………..the driver when there is a fault in the car . a) say b) ask c) wonder d) tell 16- Using waves to generate electricity means that we will never …………energy a) run out b) run c) run on d) run out of 17- It’s …………expensive to generate electricity from the water . a) in b) un c) non d) im 18- Ships shouldn’t be …………………to come near the snake farms . a) permitted b) prevented c) protected d) prohibited 19- The energy from sea waves aren’t expensive ……………..produce . a) in b) to c) at d) for 20- Scientists are going to make wave………….with 50 or more snakes . a) fields d) lands c) soil d) farms 21- Sea snakes won’t be dangerous ………….ships a) in d) at c) for d) on 22- The car stopped when something had gone wrong ………..the engine . a) in d) for c) to d) with 23- The computer in your car will examine the engine and find …………..is wrong . a) what d) how c) when d) who 24- I need tot go to a garage where my car can be …………….. a) reformed d) prepared c) repaired d) reused 25- You can reply ………your mobile phone to my message . a) in b) at c) for d) on 26- There will be a device which will control ………..fast you can drive . a) what b) how c) when d) where 27- Modern technology is used to ………engine problems . a) solve b) make c) carry d) start 28- The fireman tried to keep everyone ………….. a) save b) safety c) safely d) safe 29- I expect ………….you at the weekend . a) I’m going to see b) I’ll see c) I’m seeing d) I see 30- The film ……..at 7.30 this evening . a) starts b) will start c) started d) is going to start 31- How …….times have you seen that film ?

43

a) many b) much c) lots d) different 32- The distance between here to Cairo ………two kilometers . a) are b) has been c) is d) is being 33- In some places , wood ……..to heat people’s homes . a) are burnt b) burns c) burnt d) is burnt 34- Our next lesson …………..at ten o’clock . a) will start b) starts c) is going to start d) is starting 35- I think the weather tomorrow ……………….very hot . a) will almost certainly be b) is almost certainly c) will certainly almost d) is almost certainly going to be 36- A: What’s your plans for the weekend ? - I ……………….shopping . a) will go b) am going to go c) am going d) go 37- It’s a very exciting book , I think you …………. a) will enjoy b) are going to enjoy c) are enjoying d) enjoy 38- The next train to Cairo ………….at five o’clock . a) will leave b) leaves c) is leaving d) is going to leave 39- Energy ……….when the light of the sun reaches the earth . a) produces b) produce c) is produced d) is producing 40- Some people ……………special glass on the roofs of their houses . a) put b) are put c) puts d) is put Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly :

1- Ali was driving his excellent car along the motorway . 2- Scientists can do electricity from water . 3- Aswan is a famous determination for tourists . 4- I had too many homework to do . 5- Electricity is made in energy station . 6- The snakes are just above the sea surface . 7- Sami took his car to the park to be repaired . 8- Wave fields will be full of fifty or more snakes . 9- The car needs new pieces to be fixed . 10- Soha had attacked a photo to her e-mail . 11- Following traffic rules saves thousands of leaves . 12- Modern devices are current being used . 13- We should try to recycle our imports . 14- The computer exams the engine and finds the problem . 15- The slower drivers travel , the few accidents there will be . 16- The sunlight captured and stored . 17- Special glass is warmed water in people’s homes . 18- The sun is not produce the same quantity of heat all the time . 19- The light of the sun changes into heat or electricity . 20- How many kilometers are it from school to your house ? 21- Are a thousand pounds too much to spend on a holiday ? 22- How much people are there in a football team ? 23- How many money did you pay for the books on your desk ? 24- I’ve decided that I will go to do more exercises . 25- It’s a really good film .I’m sure you enjoy it . 26- Thirty kilometers are a long way to walk in hot weather . 27- Millions of cars produce by Japanese companies every year . 28- In many countries ,children take the right to go to school until the age of 16 29- Electricity is produced in energy stations . 30- Much things can go wrong with the engine 31- Thirty kilometers are a long way to travel on one litre of petrol 32- Sat-nav systems is very useful to many drivers 33- Many lives will be save by the devices . 34- How many petrol does your car use ? 35- How safety are the roads in your area ? 36- What are the main causes for road accidents in that area ?

44

Place…………………… : Speaker A.……………… : Speaker B.……………… :

Function...……………… :

Place…………………… : Speaker A.……………… : Speaker B.……………… :

Function...……………… :

1( Respond each of the following situations : 1- Salem asks if there is life on the moon . You are not sure . 2- You are asked to suggest a place to spend a happy night . 3- A friend thinks that nuclear energy has more disadvantages than its advantages You don’t agree with him . 4- Hani said that he read a whole story in an hour . You are very surprised .2( Mention the place , the speakers and the language function in each of the following mini- dialogues

1- A : Keep off the cage , the tiger is frenzy . B : I’m sorry , I just want to throw this piece of meat

2- A : Can I have your driving license sir ? B : What for ? A : You’ve exceeded the speed limit and you have to pay a fine . B : Here is the license . I’m awfully sorry .

3( Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d : 1- Everyone watched the ………….of the rocket on TV a( launch b( push c( drive d( connection 2- Pure water sometimes doesn’t freeze until it reaches minus 40…………. a( marks b( degrees c( cases d( trails 3- You send a liquid or gas through a …………..to move it to another place . a( queue b( line c( pipe d( row 4- The sun supplies us …………..heat and light . a( to b( for c( of d( with 5- For many people going on holiday is a form of …………… a( criticism b( escapism c( terrorism d( symbolism 6- If you make rock or metal very hot , it becomes ………….. a( melted b( dissolved c( molten d( leaked 7- The wind is used to …………..energy . a( bear b( consume c( manufacture d( generate 8- July 2009 was the 40th ……………of a man first walking on the moon . a( mourning b( anniversary c( funeral d( preparation 9- The plane …………at Cairo Airport at 9.30 tomorrow . a( arrives b( will arrive c( is arriving d( is going to arrive 10- Forty-five kilometers ………….a very long distance . a( were b( have been c( is d( had 11- Hydroelectric power …………..by the power water a( produce b( is produced c( produced d( is producing 12- ……….you usually go to Alex by train a( Does b( Have c( Do d( Has 13- I don’t want ………….coffee . a( some b( many c( lot d( any 14- I’d like a ………….of bread , please . a( much b( loaf c( some d( few 15- In some cities , rubbish ………..to produce electricity . a( burn b( burnt c( burns d( is burnt 16- I thought the two girls are twins because they are very ………… a( like b( same c( alike d( right .4( Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences , then write it correctly : 1- The sun gives us right and heat . 2- It’s very cloudy , I think it’s raining . 3- Water is considered a pollute source of electricity .

45

General test on units (1-2-3)

4- Waste cans can use again and again . 5- His new story will be polished in the newspaper Al-Akhbar next Friday . 6- Your fuel tank lacks .You should repair it .5( Read the following passage then answer the questions : Yesterday , I read the following story in the newspaper . The police got a message that a van carrying large sums of money on its way to the bank had been robbed . Immediately some police officers and soldiers hurried to the scene of the crime .After searching for about two hours , they found the van . The driver and the guard were found in the van . Their hand were tied behind their backs .After being freed , the driver said " I was stopped in the street by people wearing police uniforms. One of them said ,: If you shout ,we’ll shoot you " .They tied both of us and threw us into the back of the van .They took all the money and left in a blue car . The police searched the place and the van very well . They also asked some people who were around at that time . They asked all the workers of the bank and got the numbers of the stolen banknotes .A few days later , the police arrested a man who was trying to buy a new car .He paid the price of the car from the stolen money . He and his five fellows were arrested and led to the prison . The money returned to its owner . I was astonished when I read that the driver was one of the robbers .

A( Answer the following questions : 1- How many persons took part in the robbery ?2- How did the robbers know about the van and the money ?3- Why didn’t the driver shout for help ?

B( Choose the correct answer : 4- The stolen money belonged to …………… a( police b( bank c( robbers d( stolen 5- The driver was tied with the guard in order to ………… a( tell the truth b( help the police c( deceive the police d( help the robbers 6( Read the following passage then answer the questions : We may take it for granted , but water is the most important resource on Earth .It covers 80% of the Earth’s surface and it’s the only substance that can be found naturally in three forms : solid , liquid and gas . Water also makes up 66% of the human body and without it we can’t live for more than a week . Although water is the most common substance on Earth , we should use it carefully because 1 % is drinkable 1/3 of all the people in the world can’t get enough clear water .Today , we use 3 times more water than in 1950 .So where does it all go? Well , a single dripping tap can waste up to 7.600 litres of water in a year and a leaking toilet can waste about 260 litres in a day . At home , we can help by fixing broken taps and toilets .Having showers instead of baths could save about 300 litres of water a week . We should also avoid using chemicals that pollute the water supply , because we can’t increase the amount of fresh water in the world .We can only change the way we use it . A) Give answers for the following questions : 1- How long can we live without water ? 2- Of all the available water . How much of it is drinkable ? 3- Give two words from the passage which mean the same as : - allow water to escape - repair B) Choose the correct answer from a, b , c or d : 4- Changing the way we use water help to ………………… a( pollute fresh water b( waste a lot of water b( save it for use d( use chemicals in water 5- Water covers 80% of the Earth’s surface , the rest of it is ………… a( desert b( land c( air d( sea

The Novel 7( A( Answer the following questions : 1( Why couldn't Rudolf Rassendyll stay in the capital city, Strelsau?

2( What kind of work does Rose suggest Rudolf should do?3( How did Rassendyll find the king ? 4( Why couldn’t they delay the coronation saying the king was ill? B) Read the following quotation then answer the questions :

46

2) "No, I have never seen him, but I hope to do so on Wednesday at the coronation." a- Who said this to whom? b- Whose coronation was going to take place on Wednesday? c- Why was the addressed person surprised when he or she saw the speaker?

C ) Find the mistakes : 1- Lord Burlesdon was responsible for the land around Zenda and its castle. 2- Antoinette de Mauban was an Italian poor woman.8) Write a paragraph of seven about: " What can be done to reduce road accidents "

9(A( Translate into Arabic : The intelligence of the elephants is widely known . We say " The elephant never forgets " in honor of its excellent memory . Elephants are also surprisingly good at solving problems B( Translate into English :

- هذه االيام معظم الطاقة التي نستخدمها مازالت تاتي من الوقود الحفري مثل الفحم والزيت والغاز 1 . - بعض الناس المهتمين باجازات الفضاء قلقين من ان يعانوا من االثار الجانبية 2

نظام الحياة Show يوضح – يبين Earthquakeزلزال اليومي

Routine

طراز-موضة Deliverيوصل Needيحتاج قديمة

Old-fashioned

Competitionمسابقة At leastعلي االقل Collectionمجموعة

Tryيحاول custom عادة – عرف Respected جليل –محترم

معتاد – Translateيترجم مألوف

Customary رأيOpinion

الجائزة Developيطور Believerمؤمن االولي

First prize

يرسخ – Powerقوة يحقق مكانة

Establish الناشرPublisher

قانون – Educationالتعليم حقوق

Law منتصف اليوم )at(midday

رائد في Support يدعم –يساند مجاله

Pioneer يدخلEnter

Insist onيصر علي Styleاسلوب Politicalسياسي

حي – Report تقرير–يبلغ منطقة

District شيء مرفقAttachment

Fixedمحدد – ثابت Literatureاالدب Retiredمتقاعد

PoemقصيدةAs well as باالضاف الي Create يوفر –يخلق

وطني – Graduateيتخرج Excellentممتاز قومي

National

Confusingمربك – محير Careerحياة مهنية City centreوسط المدينة

Stillمازال Winيفوز Reviseيراجع

Average(of)متوسط Diplomatدبلوماسي Exactlyبالضبط

Headacheصداع Abroadخارج البالد Play the piano يعزف علي

47

Hello English

Master

tinUruof

radnoceSy

eerht

sretirW dna

seirots

yralubacoV

It was made into a film لفيلم تحويلها تمa manager of a football team قدم كرة فريق مديرfirst prize in a poetry competition الشعر مسابقة في االولي الجائزةa prize for chemistry الكيمياء في جائزةIt’s more than 20 years من اكثر L 20انها عاما doesn’t use a computer for writing الكتابة في الكمبيوتر يستخدم الfor as long as I can remember اذكره الذي بالقدرa national competition for school children المدارس الطفال قومية مسابقةMy head was full of ideas باالفكار ممتلئة كانت راسيin two or three days ثالثة او يومين فيfor over twenty years من L 20الكثر عاما a ten-minute break = a ten minutes’ break لمدة دقائق 10استراحة it gave )cause ( me a headache بالصداع أصابنيtype it onto the computer ) ( الكمبيوتر علي ينسخها يكتبهاspend)time( + v.ing وقت يقضيhappy with بـ سعيدask for opinion الراي يطلبwork for a publisher ناشر لدي يعملmodern Egyptian literature المعاصر المصري االدبgraduate in ) تخصص ) في يتخرجestablished him as كـ مكانته رسختwrote in a new way جديدة بطريقة كتبstrong believer in بـ بشدة مؤمنis still thought of as أنه يعتقد مازالas far as I’m concerned مهتم انا ما بقدر

البيانو Secretaryسكرتيرة Experience تجربة عملية Block of flatsعمارة سكنية

� Cut downيقطع يفحص – Disabled معاق جسديايراجع

Check

Productمنتج Groupمجموعة Lawyerمحامي

Traditionalتقليدي Areaمنطقة Clerkموظف

سياسي )رجلسياسة(

Politician زراع قلبHeart transplant

Obeyيطيع

Typicalنموذجي Villageقرية Sailorبحار

Expert on /atخبير في followيتتبع Novelistروائي

رواية Journalistصحفي Hotel managerمدير فندقالبوسطجي

The Postman

Old-fashioned قديمة –طراز موضة Fashionable للموضة مساير

Obey يطيع Disobey يعصي Win يفوز Lose - يفقد يخسر

National قومي –وطني International دولي

Experienced خبرة خيرة Inexperienced ذو بالBeliever مؤمن Unbeliever مؤمن كافر –غير

attach يرفق attached )adj ( مرفق attachment )n( مرفق شيء

culture ثقافة cultured )adj( مثقف cultural )adj ( ثقافي culturally )adv( L ثقافيا

publish)v( ينشر publisher )n( الناشر publication )n( النشر a publication )n( منشور شيئ

develop )v( يطور developed )adj( متطور developing )adj( نامي development )n( – التنمية التطور

compete )v( ينافس competition )n( منافسة competitor )n( متنافس

believe )v( يعتقد – يؤمنbeliever )n(مؤمن belief )n( – اعتقاد إيمان

48

Words and opposites

Derivatives

Expressions , Idioms and Prepositions

habit – custom - routine* habit عادة شخص * custom دولة ...(–عادة شعب ) مدينة * tradition )تقليد )شيء متوارث يفعله الناس من الماضي وحتى الوقت الحاضر

Career – job – work – occupation – profession* career الحياة المهنية للفرد * job وظيفة )اسم معدود ( قد ال تحتاج لخبرة سابقة * work مكان العمل ) اسم غير معدود (–عمل * works أعمال أدبية * occupation مهنة )معدود (–وظيفة * profession حرفة ) تحتاج خبرة سابقة للحصول عليها (–مهنة

Win – beat – gain – earn* win X lose جائزة ....(– مسابقة –يفوز )مباراة * beat دولة ...( في حرب او مباراة– فريق – يهزم ) شخص –يكسب * gain معلومات...( - يزيد في الوزن– خبرة – يكتسب ) معرفة –يكسب gain = put on weight X lose weight يفقد وزن * earn )money – his bread – his living ( قوت يومه (–يكسب )مال

Retire – resign* retire باالحالة للمعاش او ترك الحياة المهنية (–يتقاعد( L يعتزل العمل نهائيا* resign يستقيل من العمل ولكن بدون احالة للتقاعد

Routine – red tape* routine ) نظام الحياة اليومي)شخصي * red tape الروتين الحكومي

Abroad – aboard – on board – broad* abroad خارج البالد

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Definitions

Develop : make a new product or idea successful Customs : things that people do because they are traditional .Law : system of rules that people must obey Style : a way of writing that is typical of a person or group .Pioneer : one of the first people to do something that others will follow District : an area of a town or city Old-fashioned : not modern and not fashionable .Routine : the usual way in which you do things Publisher : a person or a company that produces books, magazines …..etc Attachment : something you attach to or send with an e-mail .

Language Notes

Tape script Interviewer : When did you start writing ? Writer : I’ve written stories and poems for as long as I can remember .Interviewer :What was the first thing you wrote ? Writer :When I was seven , I wrote a poem which won second prize in a national competition for school children .interviewer : When did you start writing stories ? Writer : When I was at the university , I wrote short stories for a student magazine My head was always full of ideas .While I was finishing one story , I was

thinking of the next one .Interviewer :Wasn’t that very confusing ? Writer : Not really . I used to write very quickly –I finished most short stories in two

or three days .As soon as I’d finished one story , I’d start the next one Interviewer : Do you still write like that ? Writer : No, I haven’t written any short stories for over twenty years . Now, I only

write novels –they take much longer Interviewer :So how do you write now ? Do you have a fixed routine ?Writer : Yes, I write from nine in the morning till three in the afternoon, with a ten-

minute break for coffee at midday . I write an average of a thousand words a day

Interviewer : Do you use a computer ? Writer : No, I’m old-fashioned –I use a pencil and paper .I’ve tried using a

computer , but it gave me a headache .When I’m happy with what I’ve written , my secretary types it onto the computer .My publisher insists that I send everything as an e-mail attachment .

Interviewer :And do you check what you’ve written ? Writer : Of course .I write one thousand new words a day for a week .Then I

spend two or three days checking the week’s work until I’m completely happy with I’ve written .My last novel was changed six times before I was happy with it .

Interviewer : Do you show other people ? Writer : No , not until a novel’s almost finished .Then I give it to two or three friends

and ask them for their opinions .Interviewer : Do they ever tell you they don’t like what you’ve written ? Writer : Yes! Last year both of the people who read one of my books said they

didn’t like how my story ended .So I changed it Interviewer : That’s very interesting .Thank you for talking to me Writer : It’s been a pleasure

* aboard الطائرة–علي متن السفينة * on board الطائرة–علي متن السفينة * board سبورة–لوحة * broad عريض–واسع

Respected – respectable – respectful* respected جليل ) النجازاته واعماله (–محترم He was a respected scientist . He won the Noble Prize * respectable االخالقيات ......(– مهذب )للمظهر –محترم Wear this suit , it will make you more respectable * respectful)to /of ( يظهر االحترام لالخرين We have to be respectful to people’s opinions .

Disabled – retarded – backward* disabled معاق جسديا� * retarded معاق ذهنيا� * backward دولة (–متخلف عن النمو او التطور الطبيعي ) شخص

Graduate* graduate from ).. يتخرج من )جامعة * a gradate of خريج جامعة كذا * graduate with a degree in يتخرج بدرجة )بشهادة ( في

50

Listening

Yehia Haqqi was one of the pioneers of modern Egyptian Literature . As well as being an important writer , he was an expert on Arab culture .Yehia Haqqi was born in 1905 in Sayyida Zeinab district of Cairo. He graduated in law and worked for a short time as a lawyer. In 1929 , he began his career as a diplomat and he worked abroad for more than 20 years . The time he spent in France , Italy , Turkey and Libya gave him experiences he later used in his writing. At the same time as he was working , Haqqi was also writing stories. His first short story , published )came out( in 1925, established him as one of the great short story writers of the Arab world. Haqqi always wanted to help poor and disabled people. He had to go to hospital after an earthquake in Cairo , but he gave his bed to a poor person who he thought needed it more. In 1955 , he wrote a collection of short stories about the poor and the disabled which won an important prize . Another of his stories , the postman , was made into a film. Haqqi wrote in a new way about Arab society and customs in the twentieth century .Haqqi was also interested in the Arabic language and he developed a new style of writing which is respected today. As well as writing his own novels and stories , Haqqi also translated Russian , French , Italian and Turkish literature into Arabic He was a very strong believer in the power of education and supported many young Egyptian writers. Haqqi died in 1992, but is still thought of as the father of the modern short story and the novel in Egypt.

Choose the correct answer : WB- SB 1- Early black and white photos show people in ……………..clothes a) fashionable b) fashion c) old-fashioned d) modern 2- The sun is at its strongest at …………….. a) midnight b) midday c) middle d) evening 3- I don’t really have a …………….during the holidays . a) red tape b) customs c) traditions d) routine 4- My friends and I are going to enter an athletics ……………. a) competition b) competitor c) win d) game 5- I sent e-mail with two ……………..They were photos of my friends . a) attacks b) attachments c) pounds d) letters 6- The verb of "competition " is …………….. a) compare b) complete c) contact d) compete 7- The opposite of " old-fashioned " is ……………. a) ancient b) old c) fashionable d) fashion 8- He works for a very famous ……………. a) publisher b) publication c) polish d) publish 9- "……………."means system of rules that people must obey . a) Medicine b) Law c) Engineering d) lawyer 10- A way of writing that is typical for a person or group is called ……………… a) way b) system c) style d) road 11- …………..is an area of a town or a city . a) District b) Country c) Village d) Governorate 12- I really enjoyed this book . It is written in a very simple………….

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Reading

Exercises

a) street b) state c) style d) way

13- Magdi Yacuob was one of the first heart transplant ………………… a) leaders b) managers c) pioneers d) directors 14- My brother wants to be a lawyer when he graduates , so he’s studying ………..at university . a) genetics b) agriculture c) industry d) law15- Yehia Haqqi came from a poor …………………of Cairo. a) district b) disabled c) country d) kingdom 16- In my grandfather’s village , they still have the same traditional ………..that he used to follow

when he was a boy . a) red tape b) customary c) habit d) routine 17- Scientists are paid to ………………..new medicines every year to help people . a) invent b) recycle c) develop d) devalue 18- My sister loves clothes and buys very ……………….dresses . a) fashionable b) old-fashioned c) dirty d) clear 19- His first job was as a …………….. a) low b) lawyer c) law d) lower 20- A ………………is someone who produces books , newspapers or magazines . a) publish b) chemist c) reporter d) publisher 21- Mt parents gave me a …………….of modern short stories for my birthday . a) collection b) group c) combination d) mix22- Yeahia Haqqi was an important twentieth-century …………. a) poet b) footballer c) writer d) presenter 23- Haqqi was an expert on Arab ………………. a) culture b) cultural c) medicine d) films 24- Haqqi’s works …………..him as one of the greatest short story writers . a) published b) established c) polished d) did 25- ……………writing his own novels , Haqqi also translated French literature . 2014يونيو a) As well as b) Because of c) In addition d) In spite of 26-Yehia Haqqi …….of as the father of the Egyptian modern short story and novel 2011أغسطس a) still is thinking b) still is thought c) is still thought d) is still thinking27- Dr. Zewail is more than just a Nobel Prize winner .He’s a/an …….in chemistry 2012يونيو a) investor b) explorer c) pioneer d) politician28- He worked ………for more than 20 years . a) board b) abroad c) broad d) aboard 29- Haqqi ……………in law and worked as a diplomat . a) graduated b) graduation c) graduate d) granted 30- The time he spent abroad gave him ………..he later used in his novels . a) experiment b) experts c) exerts d) experiences 31- He wanted to help poor and ………………people . a) enabled b) disabled c) able d) disability .32- His story "The Postman" was made ………….a film . a) in b) on c) at d) into 33- He wrote ……… a new way about Arab society . a) on b) to c) in d) for34- When you finished your novel you need to find a …………….. a) publisher b) publication c) publish d) spread 35- We should respect our …………and traditions . a) custom b) customs c) habits d) routine36- After the ………..many houses were destroyed . a) drought b) lightning c) earthquake d) irrigation 37- He also ………….Turkish literature into Arabic . a) translated b) transported c) transformed d) transferred 38- He was a strong believer in the ………………of education . a) energy b) power c) water d) difficulty 39- He likes writing short ……………in his free time a) novels b) events c) stories d) games

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40- I am very interested ……….the Arabic language . a) on b) of c) to d) in 41- My grandmother is very old , she likes to wear …………..dresses . a) old-fashioned b) fashionable c)modern d) recent 42- Haqqi ………….a new style of writing . a) deleted b) developed c) enveloped d) polished 43- …………..exert more efforts to achieve peace . a) Captains b) Players c) Employees d) Diplomats 44- His first novel was …………….in 2005 . a) come out b) carved c) published d) painted 45- It’s a ……………thing to write two novels at the same time . a) confusing b) confused c) confuse d) surprised .46- Using a computer ……………..Ali a headache . a) makes b) does c) gives d) takes 47- After finidshing the novel ,my secretary types it ……………..the computer . a) in b) at c) for d) onto 48- Before I left the class , I …………..all my answers . a) checked b) shaved c) shocked d) showered 49- The spectators didn’t like …………….the story ended . a) what b) how c) when d) why 50- In 1929 , Haqqi began his …………….as a diplomat . a) career b) profession c) game d) writing

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly: 1- She won the first prize for a poetry competition 2- The story was transported into a film . 3- He has a ten-minutes break for coffee. 4- I spend two hours check the week’s work . 5- Haqqi’s work established him as a great writer . 6- I wasn’t happy at the last story I wrote . 7- I used to write very quick . 8- Some people like to have a fix routine 9- He’s very stubborn .He insists in what he wants .10- Omar prefers to have coffee in midday .11- Literate includes novels , short stories , plays and poetry .12- We should respected different cultures .13- She is a young lady , she always wears fashion clothes .14- A surgeon is one of the first people to do something that others will continue .15-Scientists are trying to devalue new treatments for serious illnesses .16- You have to attend a photo to your application form .17- Doctors make books available for sale . 18- I supporter the national team .19- As soon as I’m concerned , stories are a good way of escapism .20- He was a respected experiment in Arab literature .

I think / don’t think that………………In my opinion , it / they )is –are – was – were ( ………….I’d say that ………………….As far as I’m concerned ……..

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Language function

Expressing opinions

Grammar

Past Tenses: Active & Passive

Past simple الماضي البسيـط

هـو التصـريــف الثاني للفعـل بإضـافـة ـ: الماضي البسيـط ( d - ed - ied) للفعـل مـا عـدا .I went to Alexandria last week. األفعـال الشـاذة He watched television yesterday.

. إذا انتهـى الفعــل بحـــرف ساكـن مسبــوق بحــرف متحــرك يضـاعـف الحــرف الساكــنtravel travelled stop stopped

used to + inf

used to + inf يعبر عن عادة كانت تحدث فى الماضي ولم) ( فعــل) اعتاد أن I used to walk to school when I was( تعد تحدث اآلن

young young.He used to be rich, but now he isn’t isn’t.didn't use to + inf في النفي نستخـدم I didn't use to drive a car when I was young.He didn't use to be fat but now he is ال نستخدمused to عند ذكر عدد

مرات القيام بحدث في الماضي

Did +فاعل + use to + inf وفي االستفهام( yes – no ) نستخـدم Did she use to be naughty when he was a child ?

تستخدم no longer بدال مـن used to .ويأتي بعدها الفعل في المضارع البسيط المثبتHe used to live here. ) no longer (He no longer lives here.

تستخدم any more ـ any longer بدال من used toمع نفى الفعل في المضارع البسيط و )He used to live here. )any moreتأتى في نهاية الجملة.

He doesn’t live here any more.

ـ الكلمــات الدالــة عليـــه:

yesterday أمس in the past في الماضي last + مدة زمنية الماضيago منذ ـ فيما

مضىin ancient times في العصور

,Onceالقديمة ذات مرة one day, في يوم ماLast week He gave a party. I visited my uncle a week ago.

ـالماضى البسيط فى المبنى للمجهول: (was – were + ) pp

Active : They chose a nice house to live in.Passive : A nice house was chosen to live in .

المصــدر ( عنـد نفـى الماضي البسيـط نستخــدم :ـ نفى الماضي البسيــط didn’t + ). I finished my work. She won the cup yesterday.I didn’t finish my work. She didn't win the cup yesterday.

Past Continuous الماضيالمستمـر

يتكـون مـنwas – were + ) v + ing (

I was cooking lunch .They were washing thr car.

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ـ الكلمـات الـدالـة عليـه:

past simple حـدث مستمر وقطعه حدثآخـر

past continuous As – While past continuouspast simple When

While I was watching TV, the light went out . ) When (When the light went out I was watching TV .

While + ) v + ing ( past simple فاعلإذا لـم يوجــد فاعـــلWhile I was running to catch the train I lost my money .While running to catch the train I lost my money .

يكـون زمني الجملـة ماضي مستمـر إذا لم يقطـع أحـدهمـا اآلخــر :ـ ملحوظـة.While mother was cooking, father was reading a story . ) During (

During + ) v+ing (

تسـتخـدم بـدال مـن ( while ). During mother's cooking, father was reading a story . While father was reading the paper, mother was cooking.

يمكن أن يكون الحدثين مع when في الماضي البسيط :When he arrived , he found the door locked.

يمكن استخدام On دال من ب when و يأتي يعدها . ( V + ing)

When he arrived , he found the door locked. )On …(On arriving, he found the door locked.

الفعل بعد and :يأخذ نفس شكل الفعل الذي يسبقها He was writing a letter and listening to some music. She has finished work and gone home.

الحظ عدم استخدامto Be :في الماضي المستمرWhile I was at school, I worked to a plan.

يمكن أن نستخدم الزمنان بعدWhile ماضي مستمر اذا لم يقطع أحدهما االخر While I was watching TV , my father was sleeping .

ـالماضى المستمر فى المبنى للمجهول: (was – were + ) being +

ppActive : The gardener was watering the flowers.Passive : The flowers were being watered by the

gardener gardener.Active : He was reading the story when they arrived.

Passive : The story was being read when they arrived.

Present Perfect المضـــارع التـام

حتي االنهـو فعــل حــدث في الماضي ومـازال له أثــر أو :ـ المضـارع التـام L مازال مستمراhas + pp ـhaveويتكـون مـن :

She has cooked lunch I have studied English.

يمكن استخدامه لوصف حدث وقع بالفعل ولكن وقت حدوثه غير محدد اما اذا تم تحديد الوقت نستخدم ماضي بسيط

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ـالكلمـات الدالـة عليـه:just توا ـ حاال already بالفعل ever دوما since منذso far حتى اآلن yet بعد never أبدا for لمدlately حديثا recently حديثا up till now حتى اآلن

: و يستخدم إذا بدأت الجملة بمـا يلـيIt’s ) This ( is the only… It’s - This is the first ) second…( time..In recent years In the last few years - monthsover the ages - over the years - over the centuries throughout history علي مر

التاريخThey haven't won the prize so far. He has just arrived.We have already bought a new car. She has already finished work.

تنـفـى just - already بـ not -- -- -- yet مـع حـذفهمـا.She hasn't left the house yet.

تستخدم كلمةalready أحيانا� في نهاية السؤال للتعبير من الدهشة من سرعة غير متوقعة النهاء الحدث

Have you finished the homework already ? That’s too fast .just = a moment ago = a short time ago

He has just arrived. ) a moment ago (I arrived a moment ago.

I ever ) meet ( my friends. ) Correct (I have ever met my friends. ) Negative (

تنـفـى ever بـ never . مــع حـذفهــاI have never met my friends.

تستخدمever ( في سؤال Yes – No بين الفاعل و ) P.P Has he ever been to France ? Yes, he has No , he has never

تستخدمever ) في جملة صيغة المقارنة القصوى ) التفضيل This is the most exciting book I have ever read .= I have never read such an exiting book .= I have never read an exciting book like this one .

recently lately

تستخـدمـان بمعنى في الماضي القريـب وغـالبـا تستخـدم lately نهاية الجملة المنفية في .I have been to Cairo recently. I haven't met him lately.Have you gone to Luxor lately / recently ?

have been to ذهـب وعـاد have gone to ذهـب ولم يعـدHe has been to London . ) He is here now (He has gone to London . ) He is there now (

Since & For

Since 3 o’clock For Seven hoursJuly Six monthsSunday Two weeks2008 Five yearshe was young ages

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then a )long – short(timelast ……………...

the last …………..Yesterday

For ) محددة ( بعــدهـا مـده زمنيـه كـامـلة

I have played for two hours. She has studied for five hours.

Since بعـدهـا بدايـة مـده زمنيـة ) غيـر محـددة (

He has travelled since 1995. He has learned to drive since last month.

كما تستخـدمsince كـأداة ربــط .

ماضي بسيــط since مضـارع تـام

I have written stories since I was thirteen .She has studied English since she finished secondary school.

Last - The last time - ago + past simple

عند استخدام ( since – for) :بدال من الكلمات السابقة نستخدم مضارع تام منفىI last had my hair cut when I was in Cairo. ) since ( = I haven’t had my hair cut since I was in Cairo.

The last time I played chess was six years ago. ) since - for (

= I haven’t played chess since 2003. = I haven’t played chess for six years. = I haven't played chess since six years ago.

I last met Ahmed when we were at school. ) since (

I haven't met Ahmed since we were at school.

The last time I played football was in 2000. ) since (

I haven't played football since 2000.

عنــد استخـدام :ـ ملحوظـة since بــدال مـن for مـع وجـود مـدة زمنية غيـر معـلومة نستخـدم

It is + فتـرة زمنية + since + ماضىبسيـط

It is a long time since I visited my friend.I haven't met him for ten years. ) It's (It's ten years since I met him.

ـ عنـد استخــدامملحوظـة: ago بــدال مــن since – for نستخــدم .

started – began + ) to + inf ( or ) v + ing(

She has learnt English for seven years. ) ago (She began to learn ) learning ( English seven years ago.

استخدام :ـ الحـظ yet في الجملة المنفيــةI haven’t finished my homework yet.

في حالة استخدامyet بدال من stillنستخدم مضارع تام منفى بدال من المضارع المستمر :He is still writing the report. ) yet (

He hasn’t finished writing the report yet.

ـ فى المبنى للمجهول التـامالمضارع:

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(have – has + ) been + ppActive : He has written the letter.Passive : The letter has been written.

Active : We have built a new house.

Passive : A new house has been built by us.

Past perfect الماضي التـام

هـو فعــل حدث واكتمـل في الماضي ويتكـون من : :ـ الماضي التـام

had + pp

She had cooked lunch

I had studied English .She had won the cup. He had finished work.

ـ الكلمـات الـدالـة عليـه: After بعد when عندما by في وقتbefore قبل as soon as بمجرد أن no sooner..

than لم يكد ...

till - untilحتى حتى the moment فى لحظة أن

After – As soon as – When ماضي تـام ماضي بسـيـط

After I had done my homework, I watched TV.

After )اسـم ( or ) v + ing ( ماضيماضي التصريـف الثالث Having pp بسـيـط بسـيـط

After doing my homework, I watched TV . ) Having (Having done my homework, I watched TV .

ماضي بسـيـط before ماضي تــام

I did my homework I went to bed . ) before (I had done my homework before I went to bed .Before I went to bed, I had done my homework .

or ) v + ing ( ( اسـم ) before تــاماضيم

I had done my homework before going to bed .Before going to bed, I had done my homework

ماضي تــام till – until ماضي بسيط غالبا منفى

I went to bed. I did my homework . ) until (I didn't go to bed till ) until ( I had done my homework .

It was only when – It wasn’t until ماضي بسيـط ماضي تــام

It was only when I had done my homework, I went to bed.

) v + ing ( or ) اسـم( till – until ماضي بسيط غالبا منفى

I didn't go to bed till ( until ) doing my homework .

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The moment ماضي بسيــط ماضي تـام

I had finished work. I left the office. ) The moment )The moment I had finished work, I left the office.

By the time ماضي تــام ماضي بسـيـط

By ماضي تــام فتـرة زمنيـة

I arrived the cinema. the film had started . ) By )By the time I arrived the cinema , the film had started .By the year 1990, I had learnt English .

No sooner thanScarcely ماضي تـــام when ماضي بسـيــطHardly when

Only just when

ـ هـذه الكلمـات لـهـا طـريقتـان في الربـط:

بعـد الفاعل تكـون الجمـلة خبريـة .(2 في أول الجمــلة تكـون على صيغـة استفهـام . (1

He arrived at the station . The train left . ) No sooner (No sooner had he arrived at the station than the train left .He had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left . ) Immediately )

هـذه الجمـلةComplex وعنـد تحـويلهــا إلى Simple ـ نستخـدم:

Immediately after اسـم (( or ) v + ing ) مـاضى بسيـط

Immediately after his arrival at the station, the train left.

ـالماضى التام فى المبنى للمجهول:had been + ppActive : The teacher had explained the lesson.Passive : The lesson had been explained by the

teacher.Active : Ahmed had done homework.

Passive : Homework had been done by Ahmed.

Choose the correct answer (WB- SB) 1- I …………….the newspaper every day .Now I don’t have the time . a) was reading b) reads c) had read d) used to read 2- As soon as we arrived at school , the first lesson ……………. a) began b) begins c) was beginning d) begin 3- I ……….the film before I read the book . a) already had seen b) was already seeing c) had already seen d) already saw 4- What …………..when I called you ? You sounded very busy . a) did you do b) do you do c) have you done d) were you doing 5- I ………….my own computer for three years now . a) had b) have c) was having d) have had 6- While she …………her homework , her sister was listening to music . a) was doing b) did c) have done d) does 7- Our block of flats ………….five years ago a) were building b) built c) was built d) were built 8- I ……….to a football match at the weekend .

59

Exercises

a) was taken b) took c) take d) is taken 9- Yesterday evening the programme ………………by a million people . a) was watching b) was being watched c) had been watching d) watched 10- The window at school ………….this morning . a) were cleaned b) is cleaned c) was cleaned d) being cleaned b11- We ………….that we have to give in our homework on Thursday . a) were told b) told c) tells d) are telling12- Five trees ……………down in the park a) cut b) were cut c) is cut d) were cutting .13- I …………reading novels since I was a young child . a) has enjoyed b) enjoyed c) have enjoyed d) had enjoyed 14- Yesterday , my sister …………….a book after she had finished reading it the day before . a) gives b) has given c) is given d) gave 15- The letters were delivered while I ……………the newspaper . a) was reading b) was read c) have read d) read 16- This book …………….by a famous writer . a) wrote b) was written c) was writing d) writes 17- I ………..at least one book a week , but now I don’t read so many . a) have read b) reads c) used to read d) was read18- It’s more than 20 years ……………I have travelled abroad 2012أغسطس a) while b) before c) when d) since 19- …………..seeing the road accident , the motorist drove more carefully 2012أغسطس a) On b) Without c) Despite d) Over 20- No sooner ………..the noise than we rushed to the spot 2014يونيو a) had we heard b) did we hear c) we had heard d) we did hear 21- Ali …………for work forever a year before he finally got a job . 2012أغسطس a) has been looking b) had looked c) had been looking d) has looked 22- We have stayed here since my father ……………in the company . a) worked b) has worked c) was working d) works 23- She has put on weight ………… a) just b) yet c) recently d) ever 24- I …………this exciting film , but I’m going to see it again tonight . a) saw b) see c) have seen d) had seen 25- When I arrived home , I discovered that all my money ……………… a) had been stolen b) had stolen c) was stolen d) stole 26- While ……………..the match , the light went out . a) was watching b) were watching c) to watch d) watching 27- I haven’t seen Sami ……………. over ten years . a) for b) since c) just d) never 28- My last novel ……………six times before I was happy with it . a) changed b) was changed c) changes d) has changed 29- By the time Ali was eleven , he ………….how to write a) had taught b) has taught c) was teaching d) had been taught 30- I went to the restaurant with my friends but I …………….anything . a) haven’t eaten b) didn’t eat c) wasn’t eaten d) don’t eat 31- After …………..the homework , we decided to got out for a walk . a) to do b) had done c) has done d) doing 32- He ………..buy things in cash. Now he has a credit card . a) used to b) didn’t use to c) used d) is used to 33- While I was writing a story , I ………….of the next one . a) was thought b) thinking c) was thinking d) is thought 34- Maha ………….to the dentist after school yesterday . a) took b) is taken c) was taking d) was taken 35- At seven o’clock yesterday I …………….a story . a) was reading b) read c) was read d) am reading 36- It’s three years ……… I last saw Omar . a) for b) just c) since d) recently

60

37- Osama arrived home at 7 o’clock .Since then he …………….his lessons . a) have studied b) studied c) studies d) has studies 38- My parents moved to this house three yeas ago , we ………….here for three years . a) has lived b) have lived c) were lived d) lived

39- She ………….for the job recently . a) had applied b) has applied c) had been applied d) applied 40- Has Ahmed done the homework …………..? I’m very surprised of his speed . a) just b) ever c) yet d) already Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly :

1- Twenty million people saw the film already 2- My parents use to live in a small flat in the city centre . 3- Yesterday evening , we revised for our English test when all the lights went out . 4- I attended this school for five years 5- Our school was opening exactly 25 years ago today . 6- She played the piano since the age of six and she still plays every day . 7- On hear about the accident , they hurried to the hospital . 8- His last novel published after his death . 9- She had written two letters today .10- He lived in Luxor For 200111- I use to play tennis when I was young .12- Do the room cleaned every day ? 13- What was you doing when I called you yesterday ? 14- The Japanese companies are produced a lot of cars .15- The e-mail was sent this morning already .16- While I came home yesterday , I saw my friend Ali .17- Did you interested in the match last night ? 18- During he was cleaning the room, the door knocked .19- Someone have stolen my wallet .20- I last met Soha three years yet .21- It wasn’t until he wrote the homework, that he went out .22- Leila were found dead on the road .23- Soha has gone to London , she stays with her family now .24- Before to watch TV, he had read the newspaper 25- She was sleeping while her mum cooked food .

Test 4

A- Language Functions1) Respond to the following situations: 1.You're asked to open the window because it's hot and you agree.2.You're asked about the longest river in the world.3.Samy asks you about your favourite writer.4.Hassan asks you about the age of the pyramids.2) Supply where these situations take place and who the speakers are :

61Place : …….…Speaker A : ……..Speaker B : ……function :……

1- A : Your ticket, please.B : Here your are.A : Seat F4.B : Thank you, What time does it start?A : At 10.00.

2- A : You have to pay a fine.B : Why, sir ?A : You exceeded the limited speed.

B- Vocabulary and Structure3) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1. I really enjoyed this book. It is written in a very simple ………………… .

a-direction b- establishment c- style d- location 2. He wouldn't try to mislead you. It's not his ……………………. .

a- style b- case c- condition d- circumstance 3. Many doctors want to see a law …………….. all tobacco advertising.

a- allowing b- welcoming c- banning d- rewarding 4. His first short story ………….. him as one of the great short story writers of the Arab world.

a- appointed b- posted c- allowed d- established 5. In my country, it's the ……………. for women to get married in white.

a- law b- custom c- rule d- regulation 6. I'm looking for a job which will enable me to ……………….. my skills.

a- develop b- depend c- replace d- deplete 7. There's no fixed ……………….. at work – every day is different.

a- career b- profession c- routine d- position 8. His collection of short stories …………….. an important prize.

a- beat b- gained c- earned d- won 9. He hasn't studied English -------------------------

a- recently b- lately c- ago d- just10. Since I graduated, I ---------------------- in this company.

a- worked b- had worked c- will work d- have been working11. I last ------------------- my friend was last week.

a- see b- saw c- has seen d- have seen12. It is ages since we ------------------------- some good news.

a- have heard b- had heard c- heard d- was hearing13. Have you done your homework ----------------------? That is too fast.

a- yet b- so far c- since d- already14. ----------------------- I was out shopping, I saw three of my friends.

a- Because b- While c- If d- Although15. The first map----------------------- by El_idrissi .

a- was drawn b-drew c- is drawn d- draws16. He hasen't written a letter since I --------------- to England.

a– travelled b -will travel c- have travelled d- travel4) Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly: 1. He wrote two collisions of short stories.2. Yehia Haqqi developed a new steel of writing which is respected today.3. He is going to enter a reading commission and he is hoping to win it.4. Before he left the country, he has paid all his debts.5. While he is being in London, he went shopping.6. She doesn't receive the prize yet.

)C( Reading Comprehension and Set Books5) Read the following passage then answer the questions:

62

Place : ………Speaker A : ……..Speaker B : ………

One day, I was standing outside an underground station in London waiting for a friend, when I saw two men . One was sitting on the pavement. His clothes were old and dirty and had a hat in front of him. As people passed by , he said, “ Can you give me some change, please ? “ A few people tossed some coins into the hat but mist people ignored him . The other man was wearing a suit and holding a plastic petrol can . He stopped people and told them his car had run out of petrol and he had forgotten his wallet. He asked them to lend him some money for petrol. Most people happily gave him money. Some gave him coins, but most gave him notes. I watched him for ten minutes . In that time he collected a lot of money. He put it in his pocket, but he did no go to the petrol station. It became clear to me that both men were beggars. The one in the dirty clothes needed money more than one in the suit. But the one in the suit was much more successful . Isn’t that strange ?

A) Answer the following questions :1- Why was the writer standing outside the station ?2- Which man collected the most money ?3- What does the pronoun “ it “ in bold refer to ?B) Choose the correct answer :4- “ Most people ignored him “ means people ----------------------------

a( shouted at him b( refused to give any moneyc( walked past without looking at him d( moved quickly

5- People ----------------- the second man’s story .a( didn’t believe b( believed c( doubted d( knew

6) Read the following passage, then answer the questions:We may know there's a scientific explanation for solar eclipses, but they continue to exert an

almost magical power over us. It's not at all clear we've decreased in gullibility االنخداع سهولة since the days when Columbus used his fore-knowledge of an eclipse to hoodwink the Jamaicans. And even though we know better, during each total solar eclipse, there will be people blinded by the too tempting sight of an eclipsed sun. On the other hand, we don't beat drums, fire arrows into the sky, and stand up to our necks in water in an effort to appeas the gods as did the ancient Chinese and Indians. Both the Chinese and the Indians thought a snake attacked the sun during an eclipse. Noise making was an effort to scare the creature away. The earliest recorded eclipse was in China on October 22, 2134 BC. Then two court astrologers lost their heads because, since they had failed to predict it, the emperor had been caught unprepared to make the necessary dragon-scaring noise. Almost a millennium later, in the fourteenth century B.C., an eclipse was described by a Chinese seer as three flames eating the sun. Eclipses have been seen as evil omens whose presence changed the course of battle. In the eclipse of 585 B.C, the one Thales is said to have predicted -- five years of fighting ended between the Medes and Lydians as a result of an eclipse. The Babylonians were the first to calculate the regular intervals at which eclipses occur. It was through contact with the East that Thales of Miletus was able to make the prediction that marked the beginning of the Greek scientific era. Thales predicted a total solar eclipse in the midst of the battle between Media and Lydia. While there is some doubt as to whether Thales accurately predicted the eclipse because he didn't fully understand all the cycles necessary to calculate the date, he is credited with predicting the May 25, 585 B.C. eclipse.A. Answer the following questions:1-What happens to people who watch a solar eclipse?2-What did the ancient Chinese and Indians do to appease the gods?3-Why is there some doubt as to whether Thales accurately predicted the eclipse?

B- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:4-The Chinese and the Indians thought a ………………… during an eclipse.

a( a snake attacked the sun b( a dragon attacked the sunc( three flames ate the sun d( two astrologers were kill

5-The Chinese emperor kill the two court astrologers because………………..a( they could predict the eclipse b( they couldn’t predict the eclipsec( they made scaring noise d( they scared the dragon

D- The Novel 7) (A) Answer the following questions:

63

1- What was the king fond of ?2- How did Michael try to get rid of the king?3- Why wasn’t Rassendyll as sick as the king ?4- What did they do to Johann’s mother ?

B) Read the following quotation and answer the questions:

“It must have been those cakes he ate last night ”1- Who said these words to whom?2- What does "he" refer to ?3- What happened to the person who ate the cakes ?C) Find the mistakes in these sentences and correct them :1-Poor people supported Michael because he had poisoned the king 2-The whole country was waiting for the king to be hanged

E- Writing8) Write a paragraph of (100) words about:

" Famous writers in Egypt "F- Translation

9) A- Translate into Arabic: Some Egyptian writers have written books and articles advocating the rights of women . They have called for women's equality with men. Now women have the same rights as men and even hold important positions in the society.

B)Translate into English:نجيب وكذلك حسين طه ، حقي يحي مثل العربي األدب في الرواد من العديد مصر تملك

. محفوظالمستقبل في العادي الكتاب محل سيحل اإللكتروني الكتـاب أن الناس من كثير يعتقد

القريب

Amnesia فقدان الذاكرة

Hurt يؤلم – يؤذي Worried قلق

Excavation تنقيب عن االثار

Taste يتذوق - له مذاق

Lock يحبس

64

Hello English

Master

tinUevif

radnoceSy

eerht

ahtagAeitsirhC

yralubacoV

Mousetrap مصيدة الفأر Nervous عصبي Powerful قويMurder قتل Embarrassed يتذكر Afraid of خائف منPoison سم Equipment معدات – اداة Especially LخاصةShy خجول Actor ممثل Informal غير رسميCrime جريمة The same نفس – مشابه Compare يقارنFirst World War الحرب

العالمة االوليCharacter شخصية Phrase عبارة

Soldier جندي Guest ضيف Patriotic شخص وطنيTravel agent وكيل

سفرياتSnow ثلج Do well L يحسن صنعا

Children’s books كتب أطفال Heavy غزير – ثقيل Near بالقرب منArchaeologist عالم اثار Report تقرير – يبلغ Both كال منInstead بدال من ذلك Bang يخبط Lead يقودLook after يعتني بـ Capture – يأسر

يسيطرCriminal مجرم

Orient Express قطار الشرق السريع

Design يصمم Guilty مذنب

Wounded جريح Increasing متزايد Radio signal اشارة السلكي

Medicine دواء – طب Headquarters مركز القيادة Control يتحكم – تحكمQueen ملكة Identity هوية Organization منظمةClose to قريب من Innocent بريء Prove يثبت –يبرهنWork as يعمل كـ Invasion الغزو History تاريخDisappear يختفي Secret agent عميل سري Recent حديثAround حول Spy جاسوس Partner شريكIncluding L متضمنا Suspect - مشتبه به

يشتبهAdvice نصيحة

Travels سفريات Transmitter جهاز ارسال Identity card بطاقة هويةTheatre مسرح Enemy عدو Enable يمكنPlay مسرحية Introduce يقدم – يعرف Found يؤسسPerform يؤدي دور Overlook يطل علي Bathroom حمامVictim ضحية Golf لعبة الجولف Remember يتذكرDig يحفر Owner – صاحب

مالكHidden مخبأ

Shy خجول Bold جريء

Innocent بريء Guilty مذنب

Enemy عدو Friend – ally حليف –صديق

Appear يظهر Disappear يختفي Near من عن Far away قريب بعيدا�

Nervous عصبي Calm – cool هاديء

War حرب Peace سالم

Transmit)v( اشارة يبثTransmission )n( - ارسال البثTransmitter )n( البث االرسال –جهاز

Murder)v( يقتل Murder )n( القتل جريمةMurderer )n( قاتل

Poison)v( يسمم Poison )n( سم Poisonous )adj ( سام

Found )v(يؤسس Founder )n(مؤسس Foundation )n(مؤسسة

65

Words and opposites

Derivatives

Prepositions , Idioms and Expressions

The longest-running play مسرحي عرض أطولOver a hundred countries دولة مائة من اكثرThe youngest of بين L سنا االصغرAt a very young age للغاية صغير سن فيWrote all her life حياتها طوال كتبتLearn about / عن يتعلم يعرفDeeply affected by ) بــ ) كبيرة بدرجة بشدة متأثرon her trip رحلتها فيwork with ) someone ( on علي شخص مع يعمل)be( base on – من مستوحي علي مبني)be ( turned / made into films الفالم يتحولdied, aged 85 )at the age of ( العمر من بالغة L 85ماتت عاما by the end of the play المسرحية بنهايةfound dead on the road الطريق علي L ميتا عليه عثرWorld Cup final العالم كأس نهائيon the coast الساحل عليon the way back العودة طريق فيChildren’s charity لالطفال خيرية جمعيةdo a project about archaeology االثار علم عن L مشروعا يعدDeath on the Nile " النيل ضفاف علي الموت " روايةat the beginning البداية فيa man in his forties عمره من االربعينيات في رجلknow more about عن أكثر يعرفbusy with بــ مشغولGeological Museum الجيولوجي المتحف

Amnesia : being unable to remember Excavation : digging up the ground to find things Murder :the crime of killing someone .Poison : a substance that can kill you if you eat or drink it .Shy : nervous and embarrassed about talking to othe people .Mousetrap :equipment for catching and killing mice .Identity : who someone is .Transmitter : a piece of equipment that sends out radio or television signals .Invasion : entering another country to take control .Headquarters :the place from which a company or military action is controlled .Spy : a person who finds out information about another company or organization .Leader : a person who leads Innocent : not guilty of a crime .Suspect : someone who may be guilty of a crime .

Poisoned – poisonous* poisoned ) مسمم ) وضع به سم * poisonous ثعبان ....(–سام ) بطبعه عقرب

Shy – ashamed* shy خجول بطبعه * ashamed مكسوف بسبب خطأ تم ارتكابه–خجالن

Work

66

Definitions

Language notes

* work عمل )اسم غير معدود (–يعمل * works االعمال االدبية * work as )job( ) يعمل كــ )اسم الوظيفة * work for جمعية .....(– لحساب ) شركة –يعمل لدي * work on يعمل علي بحث او مشروع * work with يتعامل مع )أجهزة او معدات داخل عمله(– مجموعة ( –يعمل مع )أشخاص

Include – contain – consist of – enclose* include يحتوي علي جزء او اكثر من االجزاء وليس كلها * contain ) يحتوي علي شيء بداخله ) كل * consist of ) يتكون من )كل المكونات االساسية * enclose يحيط–يرفق

alone – lonely* alone ) بمفرده )مادي * lonely ) وحيد يشعر بالوحدة )معنوي

By – in – on + وسيلة مواصالت* by )car – plane – train – ship – bus – taxi ( ) بــ)بدون ادوات تعريف او تنكير او ملكية * in a / the / ملكية + car / taxi * on a / the / ملكية + )bus – train – plane – ship ( * on foot / horseback

Tape script Presenter : Welcome to The Book Programme. Today , our subject is the queen of English crime

fiction ,Agatha Christie .You may never have read any of her books , but you probably know her name .To tell us more about her , we have Professor Dunn from London University .Professor , could you tell us about Agatha Christie’s life ?

Prof.Dunn : Well, Agatha Miller was born in 1890 and was the youngest of three children .She was a shy child who was very close to her family .She didn’t go to school , but was taught at home by her mother .She started writing at a very young age and wrote all her life .

Presenter :Was she only a writer ? Prof. Dunn: No, during the First World War she worked as a nurse ,and while she was looking for

wounded soldiers , she learned about medicines and poisons , information that was later used in her writing .

Presenter :And when was her first novel written ? Pro. Dunn : In 1920, soon after the war ended Presenter : I remember reading that Agatha Christie was deeply affected by the death of her mother.

Can you tell us about that ? Prof .Dunn: Yes, when her mother died in 1926, Christie disappeared for about a week .Nobody

knew where she was .Later , she could remember nothing about the week and is thought to have suffered from amnesia .Soon after this, Christie started travelling abroad .Her first journey on the Orient Express train , was to Baghdad and the ancient city of Ur. On her second trip , she met the archaeologist Max Mallowan , whom she later married .She became very interested in archaeology and worked with her husband on excavations around Iraq .It’s reported that she cleaned and repaired some of the things that were found herself .

Presenter : Some of her books are based on her travels to these countries , aren’t they ?

Prof. Dunn : Yes, including famous novels like Murder On the Orient Express , Death on the Nile ands Death comes as the End , a dark story of a family in ancient Egypt .

Presenter :And she continued writing all her life didn’t she ? Prof. Dun: Yes, she did. In all she wrote eighty crime stories , many of which were turned into films

or theatre plays .Her most famous play is The Mousetrap ,which was first performed in

67

Listening

1952 Since then , the play has been performed without a break and is the longest-running play in the world .

Presenter :That’s incredible .Prof.Dunn: It is .Her best books have been published in over a hundred countries and translated into

over forty languages .Agatha Christie died, aged 85 in 1976 .

N or M ? It is a time of war in England and everyone knows that there could be an invasion at any time. The government knows that the enemy is being helped by a dangerous group of spies inside the country, but nobody knows their identity. But it is believed that the spies’ headquarters is a small hotel on the coast, and the spies’ leaders are a man and a woman. Two secret agents, Tommy Beresford and his wife Tuppence, are sent to the hotel to find these spies. They meet the other hotel guests and the people from the town. The guests include Mr. Bletchley, a retired soldier; Mrs. Sprot, a shy young woman; and Carl von Deinim, a scientist. Mr. Bletchley introduces Tommy to Mr. Haydock, a retired sailor who lives in a house overlooking the sea. The three men sometimes play golf together. The Beresford’s first suspects are the hotel owner and the scientist, but they soon discover that both are innocent. Then they hear that the invasion is planned for the following week. This means they have seven days to find the enemy and save the country from invasion. One day, after a game of golf, Tommy finds a radio transmitter hidden in Mr. Haydock’s bathroom and realizes that Haydock is one of the spies. Haydock does not seem worried by Tommy’s discovery. Tommy leaves his friend's house, but on the way back to his hotel, he is captured and locked in a room. Tuppence discovers the other spy leader. To everyone's surprise, it is the shy Mrs. Sprot The police arrest her and soon find Mr. Haydock. Tommy is set free.Without the help of the spies’ leaders, the invasion cannot take place. Tommy and Tuppence have saved the country.

Choose the correct answers : ( WB)

1- Many children are …………..about talking to their teacher when they first go to school . a) shy b) ashamed c) bold d) clever 2- All the fish in the river have been died .Someone must have put ………in the water . a) poisonous b) salt c) sugar d) poison 3- A man had been found dead on the road .The police think it was an accident , not ……….. a) party b) wedding c) murder d) coincident 4- He banged his head and is now suffering from ………….. a) paranoia b) phobia c) fear d) amnesia 5- After they saw the mouse , they decided to put a ………….in the kitchen . a) mousetrap b) mouse feeding d) cheese d) rice 6- Archaeologists are planning a new …………in the south of the country . a) exclamation b) excavation d) explanation d) location 7- The noun for the action is crime , but the noun for the person is …………. a) crime b) criminality c) criminal d) crimes 8- The adjective of the noun poison is ……………..

68

Reading

Exercises

a) poisonous b) poison c) boiled d) biologist 9- The verb of the noun excavation is …………. a) excavator b) excavated c) excavate d) explanation 10- ……………is a person you think may have done a crime . a) criminal b) suspect c) respect d) swindler 11- the equipment that sends radio signals is called …………… a) transmission b) transmit c) transmitter d) transistor 12- …………….is the place from which a company or action is controlled . a) head b) headquarters c) school d) house 13- The person who finds out information about another country or organization is called a/an…….. a) spy b) surgeon c) leader d) fan 14- Police are looking for someone who stole a car yesterday .The main ……..is man in the forties a) ciminla b) suspect c) suspicious d) suspicion 15- They are using a very powerful ……………..to send signals to the astronauts . a) transistor b) television c) transmitter d) screen 16- Working as a ……………in a foreign country can be a very dangerous job . a) teacher b) doctor c) professor d) spy 17- In many countries , people have to carry an …………….card to prove who they are . a) identity b) flash c) credit d) debit 18- In Britain , in the 1940s , people were afraid of an ……………..by the enemy . a) invade b) conquer c) invasion d) celebration 19- The Romans …………..Briatin in 43 BCE . a) invasion b) partied c) invaders d) invaded 20- We saw a lot of photographs , but we couldn’t ……..the man we’d met . a) identify b) identification c) identity d) classify 21- How did the man prove his ……………? a) guilt b) innocent c) innocence d) guilty 22- The enemy used radios to …………….messages to their ships . a) transmitter b) transmission c) transmit d) transaction 23- They ………….that the driver had been going very fast at the time of the accident . a) suspicious b) suspected c) a suspect d) suspicion 24- Christie worked as a nurse and …………..wounded soldiers. a) took after b) cured for c) looked after d) decided to 25- When her mother died , Agatha Christie ………for a week . a) discovered b) disappeared c) distributed d) appeared 26- Christie never went to school …………..she was taught at home . a) Besides b) On c) Instead d) Instead of 27- The writer’s books have been ………….in over a hundred countries . a) published b) spread c) sprayed d) come out 28- Poverty and illiteracy are the ………of progress . a) enemies b) allies c) friends d) compounds 29- They sent two secret ………..to find the spies’ leader . a) diplomats b) ambassadors c) agents d) employees 30- The police agents heard that the invasion is …………..for the following week . a) planning b) expected c) planned d) organized 31- To everyone’s ……………the spy leader was the shy Mrs. Sprot . a) surprise b) surprised c) surprising d) frightened 32- The secret agent was arrested before ………….information to the enemy . a) going to b) passing on c) looking after d) taking place 33- A team of English archaeologists took part in many …………..of ancient egyptian settlements . a) excavations b) missions c) works d) expirations 34- The Police found him guilty of ………… a) murdering b) murderer c) murder d) suicide 35- Using ………….gases may lead to catastrophes . a) poison b) poisonous c) poisoned d) poisoning 36- She was a pioneer in ……………..stories . a) criminal b) criminality c) crime d) creams

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37- Some of the writer’s stories are ……………..on her travels to the east. a) based b) made c) done d) constructed 38- The pupils take …………….to answer the questions in the classroom . a) place b) care c) away d) turns 39- They had bought a new flat ……………the Nile . a) overlooking b) overseeing c) overcoming d) overtaking 40- She has a very ……………face . I can’t believe she the murderer . a) innocence b) innocent c) ashamed d) guilty 41- When I saw her , I ………………something wrong had happened . a) recognized b) identified c) realized d) organized 42- The ancient tomb has been …………..by archaeologists . a) dug b) extracted c) excavated d) reached 43- The judge set him free after he had proved his ………….. a) innocence b) innocent c) guilt d) guilty 44- Agatha Christie died , ……………85 in 1976 a) age b) aged c) ago d) at the age 45- This transmitter sends radio and television ………………efficiently . a) signs b) designs c) signals d) sights 46- Why don't you believe Sameh ? I see you always ………….his intentions . a) prove b) approve c) suspect d) suspicious47- She was …………..about the way her children have behaved at the party . a) shy b) calm c) shameful d) ashamed 48- Some people are ………………about flying . a) nervous b) shy c) afraid d) ashamed 49- To work as a …………………for a foreign country may lead to execution a) travel agent b) nurse c) spy d) supervisor50- We use satellites to …………..television pictures and phone calls . a) orbit b) spin c) launch d) transmit51- Injuries to the head , caused by accidents can lead to …………….. 2014يونيو a) amnesty b) anemia c) memory d) amnesia 52- The police think the man with a scar on his face committed the crime , he is the main ….. a) witness b) suspect c) accuser d) suspender

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly: 1- The mousetrap is the longest-run play ever . 2- They found a radio transistor in the spy’s hidden flat 3- No one know the identification of the criminals 4- Murder is the crime of rewarding someone . 5- Excavation is digging up the ground to find things from the future . 6- The police investigated and found that he was the main suspicious 7- After he had proved his innocence he was set freedom 8- He had hit his head and suffered from chronic . 9- He lives lonely in his house . No one stays with him . 10- They had travelled to Paris by a plane 11- Agatha Christie’s books were transformed into more than 40 languages 12- She wrote about 80 criminal stories . 13- The little girl was deep affected by the death of her mother . 14- Don’t eat this food it is poisonous 15- Archaeologists are excuting the new site

I think you should If I were you , I’d What about + v.ing ? It’d be a good idea to + inf

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Language functionGiving Advice

You’d better + infThe best thing you could do would be to + inf

1) Respond to the following situations: 1- A friend asks for youyr advice about keeping fit .Advise him 2- You want some advice from a friend about how you can eat more healthily .What do you ask ? 3- A friend wants to meet new people ,but he/she is very shy .Make a recommendation 4- Ask you teacher for advice about how to do well in the next English test .

جملة الـpassive بمفعول الجملة وتعبر عن ما يعبر عنه نفس الزمن في الشكل L هي جملة تبدأ دائما

)المبني للمعلوم ( activeالـ الشكل العام الي جملةpassive : يكون كالتالي

فعل مساعد + مفعول )be( + P.P + by + فاعل الجملة يمكننا االستغناء عن اخر عنصرين في جملة الpassive ( وهما by ) والفاعل اذا كان الفاعل ضمير واردنا كتابته في جملة الـpassive يكتب في شكل ضمير مفعول وكذلك

المفعول اذا كان ضمير وسنبدأ به الجملة يكتب في شكل ضمير الفاعل passiveاالزمنة في الـ

Passive المجهول Tense الزمن المضارع البسيط am / is / are + P.P Present simple + مفعولالماضي البسيط was / were + P.P Past simple + مفعولالمضارع المستمرam / is / are being + P.P Present continuous + مفعولالماضي المستمرwas / were being + P.P Past continuous + مفعول المضارع التام have / has been + P.P Present perfect + مفعولالماضي التام had been + P.P Past perfect + مفعولWill / would / can / could May / might / shall / should )be( + P.P Must ought to

Will / would / can / could May / might / shall / should + مصدر Must ought to

Have / has / had / will have to Needn’t – seem to – appear to )be( + P.P )be( going / supposed to

Have / has / had / will have to Needn’t – seem to – appear to + مصدر )be( going / supposed to

Examples - Present simpleالمضارع البسيط She writes the homework every day The homework is written every day - Past simple الماضي البسيط They watched TV last night TV was watched last night - Present contiuous المضارع المستمر We are cooking lunch Lunch is being cooked .- Past contiuous الماضي المستمر He was reading a newspaper at 7 yeserday . A newspaper was being read at 7 yesterday .- Present perfect المضارع التام She has cleaned the rooms recently The rooms have been cleaned recently .- Past perfect الماضي التام Someone had stolen my wallet My wallet had been stolen .- future simple المستقبل البسيط Mona will wash the dishes The dishes will be washed Osama is going to prepare the luggage The luggage is going to be prepared

الحظ عند التحويل) to )see- hear – make – helpاالفعال التي ياتي بعدها مفعول ثم مصدر مباشرة بدون

to نستخدم passsiveللـ The teacher made us write the homework. We were made to write the homework.

don’t like – dislike- افعال

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Grammar Passive

I don’t like people to laugh at me I don’t like to be laughed atI dislike people laughing at me I dislke being laughed at .

passive قد يستخدم داخل الجملة بشكلين فيكون لكل منهما طريقة تحويله للـ let- فعل 1- He let people deceive him الفاعل هو نفسه المفعول - He let himself be deceived 2- He let his sister watch TV الفاعل ليس نفسه المفعول - His sister was allowed to watch TV

مكتوبة في الماضي let الن was allowed toالحط اننا في الجملة الثانية استخدمنا - االفعال

Think – believe – say – report – know – suppose يفترض - expect – predict – agree – claim – allge يدعي - understand – consider يعتبر - announce يعلن - deny ينكر - admit يعترف - declare يعلن - find - inform

passiveاو يمكن االستغناء عنها ثم جملة كاملة اخري فيكون التحويل للـ thatاالفعال السابقة يكتب بعدها بطريقتين

الطريقة االولي People say that ……… It is said that ………….. We think that ……….. It is thought that ………… People believe that ………….. It is believed that ………… People thought that …… It was thought that ………Ex : People think that Noha studies hard It is thought that Noha studies hard Ex2 : They believed that he has a big house It was believed that he has a big house .

الطريقة الثانيةpassive- نضع الفعل المستخدم في صيفة الـ that 2- نبدأ بالفاعل الثاني المكتوب بعد 1 to اما اذا كان ماضي نستخدم to + inf- اذا كان الفعل الموجود في الجملة الثانية مضارع نستخدم 3

have + p.p Ex : We say that she is hard-working . She is said to be hard-working Ex2 : People know that he killed his wife . He is known to have killed his wife

) الحظ ) علي الطريق الثانية في التحويل-The newspaper reported that the bank was robbed The bank was reported to have been robbed - People believed that she was writing a story . She was believed to have been writing a story .

مع كتابة الفعل في االثبات Nothing نبدأ الجملة بـ not anything- الجملة الموجود بها I can’t do anything to help him .Nothing can be done to help him .

مع االفعال التي تحدث صدفة او فجأة . p.p قبل get- يفضل استخدام الفعل Get ) lost – arrested – wounded – hurt ……..(

( يمكن ان نبدأ باي منهما ….give – lend- االفعال التي ياتي بعدها مفعولين) The headteacher gave him a prize .He was given a prize )or( A prize was given to him .

- افعال ال تتحول لمجهول النه ال يكتب بعدها مفعول Fall – collapse – come – exist يتواجد - disagree – go – disappear – appear – take place – consist of – happen

passiveاستخدامات ال - اذا كان الفاعل مجهول او غير مهم بالنسة لنا من فعل الشيء 1

Someone had robbed the bank The bank had been robbed

- عندما يكون االهتمام موجه بشكل أكبر بالمفعول الموجود بالجملة 2A nice cake was made )االهتمام هنا للكيكة بغض النظر عن من قام بصنعها (

- عند وضوح الفاعل القائم بفعل الشيئ 3The thieves were arrested last night .

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Choose the correct answers : ( WB)

1- The Mousetrap ……………as a radio play in 1947. a) wrote b) is written c) was written d) was writing 2- Agatha Christie’s books …………..into more than 40 langauges . a) was translated b) were translated c) was translating d) translated 3- 2008 Olympic Games ………….by millions of people all over the world . a) was watched b) were watched c) are watched d) watched 4- Petra ………..by the Romans in CE 106 a) captured b) is captured c) were captured d) was captured 5- The Eiffel Tower in Paris …………….by Gustave Eiffel in 1889 . a) was designed b) designed c) is designed d) was designing 6- The Cairo Metro ……………by about two million passengers every day a) are used b) is used c) was used d) is using 7- Many of Agatha Christie’s novels …………….into films and Tv Programmes . a) has made b) have made c) are made d) have been made 8- This year’s prize for crime fiction ………….by a 78-year-old man a) has been won b) is won c) is being won d) has won 9- The last World Cup final onTV ………..by three hundred million people . a) saw b) are seen c) was seen d) seen 10- In most tourist offices Arabic and English ……………. a) is spoken b) are speaking c) have spoken d) are spoken 11- One of the classroom windows …………. a) are broken b) has been broken c) have been broken d) was breaking 12- A famous tennis player …………….to be hurt after a city centre road accident . a) is believed b) is believing c) believed d) believes 13- It ……………that increasing number of tourists visited Egypt last year . a) knows b) knew c) has known d) is known 14- It …………….school teaches languages to younger pupils . a) is believed b) believes c) believed d) believing 15- He was thought ………………the wallet . a) to stole b) to have stolen c) to have been stolen d) steals 16- The flat is believed to ………….last year to a very rich man . a) sell b) sold c) have been sold d) have sold 17- Agatha …………at home by her mother . a) was taught b) taught c) teaches d) is taught 18- She is thought ………….from amnesia . a) to suffered b) to have suffered c) has suffered d) suffers 19- It ………..that she cleaned and repaired some of the things that were found . a) is reporting b) is reported c) reports d) reported 20- Some of her stories ………….on her travels to these countries . a) based b) is based c) bases d) are based 21- Since then , the play ………….witrhout a break . a) has been performed b) performed c) performs d) is performing 22- Her best books ………..in over a hundred countries . a) have been peublished b) have published c) published d) was published 23-We can't possibly allow the antiques ……….abroad. a)to sell b) to be sold c) to be selling d)to being sold 24-In Japan buildings …………..to withstand earthquakes. a)have construct b)are constructing c) are constructed d)had constructed 25-The Cairo Metro ………..from Imbaba to Cairo airport.

a)may be extended b)may extend c)may be extending d)may have extended 26-A lot of money …………..on education. a) is spent b) has spent c) has spent d) is spending 27-Alexander Fleming ……………penicillin.

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Exercises

a) is invented b) invented c) has been invented d) was inventing 28-Pelé ……….. to be the greatest footballer. a) is saying b) said c) is said d) says 29-A box of chocolates ………..to Amanda. a) gives b) were given c) gave d) was given 30-A letter ………….. at the moment. a) is being written b) is written c) is writing d) was writing 31-The statue…………. out of stone by the ancient Egyptians. a) carved b) has been carved c) was carved d) was carving 32-People ………… that he is a spy. a) say b) are said c) is said d) have been said 33-When he returned home, he found that all his money ……………. a) had stolen b) has been stolen c) is stolen d) had been stolen 34-I don’t mind ………….. by people. a) helping b) being helping c) being helped d) helped 35-The whole village…………. by an earthquake. a) was damaging b) is damaged c) got damaged d) has damaged 36-More oil……………. a) may find b) may be found c) may be find d) may found 37-Don’t let yourself …………. by others. a) be deceived b) to deceive c) to deceived d) be deceiving 38-The law must never ………………. a) break b) broke c) be break d) be broken 39-Hamlet was written ………… Shakespeare. a) at b) by c) on d) of 40-Ali ……….at the party yesterday. a) didn’t see b) wasn’t saw c) wasn’t seen d) wasn’t seeing 41- The play is suggested to ……….because the leading actor is ill . 2011يونيو a) being cancelled b) cancel c) have cancelled d) be cancelled 42- I think one day every new book ………at an e-book 2012يونيو a) will publish b) is published c) will be published d) is publishing 43- From the medical report, she …………… to have suffered from amnesia. 2012أغسطس a) believed b) is believed c) is believing d) believes 44- I was advised …………..by a doctor , but it was not possible . 2014يونيو a) seeing b) to be seen c) to see d) being seen 45- After the house ………….painted ,we furnished it 2014أغسطس a) had b) had been c) has been d) is 46- I don’t like ………..at 2015يونيو a) people laughing b) having laughed c) being lughed d) people laughed Find the mistake in each of the following sentences and write it correctly1- It is been reported that he took the money.2- It is know that he can help us.3- He is said too be a thief.4- She was believed to have steal the car.5- It is fear that there are no survivors of the crash.6- It was believed that he stole the bank.7- It is saying that many people are homeless after the floods.8- Money is think to be the root of all evils.9- Lamia was said to had gone to Alex..10- Lander is said to is a swindler .,11- Leila was arrest because the police found a gold rabbit among her clothes.12- Cotton grows in Egypt13- The job is doing at the moment.14- The injured man couldn't walk and his friends had to be carried him.15- A new hospital has built near the airport.16- Dangerous driving are caused a lot of accidents.17- A decision won't be making before the end of the month.

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18- People are not allowing to park here.19- All the questions must answer in order.20- Our products export to many countries.21- She got hurting while cleaning the kitchen.22- This painting is going to exhibit at the art gallery.23- The man is questioning at the police station at the moment.24- This problem should solve soon.25- Dr Magdy Yacoub is admiring for his medical achievements. 26- Mail doesn't deliver mail on Christmas Day.27- Mona was severely punishing by her mother.28- More money will spent on education.29- Tickets can be buy on the day of the concert.30- He will be given a prize of the teacher.31- Peace knows to be constructive 2011يونيو32- He sends to prison for his crime . 2011أغسطس

Test 5

1) Respond to the following situations:1.You meet a tourist at the airport. You want to give him a hand.2.You meet an old friend after a very long time.3.A person you do not know arrives in your school and you want to help him.4.You ask an older person about his education.2) Supply where these situations take place and who the speakers are :

1- A: Have you seen Tarek ?B: No, sir. He was at his desk on the phone a few minutes agoA: Is not he there now?B: No, may be he is gone home already.A: he can not have gone home. he is preparing a report for me.

2- A: Is there anything I can do to help, miss Salma?B: Could you give these books back to the class after break?A: Yes, of course. Is that the homework we did last week?B: Yes, that is right. your homework was very good.

3) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1. People have to carry an …………………. card to prove who they are.

a- identity b- credit c- debit d- hobby 2. In the past , the Romans ………………… Egypt.

a- invaded b- invasion c- flooded d- sold 3. Government employees ………………… at the age of 60.

a- resign b- retried c- retired d- replay 4. Israil still occupies the west ………………… .

a- shore b- bank c- beach d- coast 5. My brother's house is ……………….. by a nice garden.

a- included b- containing c- consist d- enclosed 6. My father traveled to France on a business ……………………. .

a- trip b- voyage c- picnic d- hike 7. He was afraid as he was at home ………………. .

a- lonely b- alone c- only d- own 8. He is ……………….. to have thought from amnesia.

a- think b- thinking c- to think d- thought 9. A famous player ………………… to be hurt in an accident.

a- is believed b- are believed c- is believing d- are believing10. Money ………………….. to bring happiness.

a- thought b- will think c- has thought d- is thought

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Place : ……..…….. Speaker A: ……… Speaker B: ………Function :……….. ………………

Place : ……..….. Speaker A: ……… Speaker B: ……….Function :…………. :…..………………

11. It was reported ………………… cancelled.a- that the match b- have been c- to have d- that the match was

12. They are expected ………………….. the cup.a- to have won b- that they will win c- to win d- to have been win

13. My son ……………… to get full marks.a- believes b- believed c- is believing d- is believed

14. It ………………. that money is very important.a- can't deny b- can't have denied c- denied d- can't be denied

15. We don't know where he lives . ……………………….. believed to live in Tanta.a- It is b- It was c- He is d- He has

16. He ………………… to be an intelligent pupil.a- considers b- is considered c- has considered d- is considering

4) Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly:1. I went to the cinema to watch the new play.2. My father died at the ago of 66.3. Excavation means to dig up the ground to find things from the present.4. It is been reported that he took the money.5. It is know that he can help us.6. He is said too be a thief.5) Read the following passage then answer the questions: Olive oil has been used by people of the Mediterranean countries, Greece, Italy and Spain for about 4000 years. Many people have realized the healthy benefits of using olive oil instead of other oils. As well as tasting delicious and being the healthiest cooking oil. Olive oil has many other uses such as cosmetics, hair conditioners and soaps. It is a preservative; it keeps fish and cheese fresh for years. Perhaps more important, is olive oil's value as a medicine. Not only can eating olive lowers the risk of serious diseases such as cancer and heart disease, it can also have a healing effect on many stomach disorders and diseases. This could explain why people in the Mediterranean countries tend to live longer. It will make your food taste better and your life last longer.A) Answer the following questions:1. How can we keep fish last for years?2. What is the value of olive oil as a medicine?3. Why do the people in the Mediterranean countries tend to live longer?B) Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d:4. ……….. is one of the Mediterranean countries

a( Sudan b( Saudi Arabia c( Spain d( England5. The underlined pronoun "it" refers to …………

a( list b( olive oil c( food d( lifeRead the following passage, then answer the questions:

A young woman is walking to her car in a car park. Suddenly a man jumps out at her from behind. She kicks him and while he's on the floor she jumps into her car and drives away unharmed. When the girl tries to kick the bad man, he grabs her and pulls her off balance and now she's on the floor, defenseless, with nowhere to rum. This little story teaches you two things: never walk alone at night and most importantly, use your brain and not your body to defend yourself against an attacker. Staying safe is all about not putting yourself in a dangerous situation. Avoid attack before it happens by using your common sense. This means walk with confidence; stay in well-lit areas make sure someone always knows where you are, and carry a mobile phone with you all times.A) Answer the following questions:1. What is the most important lesson you've learnt from the story?2. Why shouldn’t you walk alone at night?3. Is it very important to carry a mobile phone all times? Why?B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:4. The young woman was unharmed because she …………..

a( was strong b( was weak c( was alone d( didn’t have a mobile5. The writer s someone who is trying to make people …………

a( worried b( safe c( confident d( frightened

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Unit six The importance of

trees

D- The Novel 7) (A) Answer the following questions: 1- What was Michael’s reaction on seeing Rassendyll?2- How did Sapt and Rassendyll get a permit from the king ? 3- What did Rassendyll remember about the coronation ? 4- How did Rassendyll and Sapt get out of the palace ? B) Read following quotation and answer the questions:

“I think I want to change now that I’m king” 1- Who said this to whom?2- What did the listener notice about the speaker ?3- What was surprising about the speaker ?C) Find the mistakes :

1-People of the Old Town were wealthy.2-Michael asked Sapt and the Marshal to stay back.

8) Write a paragraph of 100 words about How to increase useful reading among youth

F- Translation9) A- Translate into Arabic: In some poor countries , over twenty percent of the children die in their first year of life . The reason for this is the lack of medical care and medicine. Another cause is food and water shortage .B) Translate into English:

ما. يوما تنكشف سوف اختفائها طال مهما جريمة أيالحادث. من الوحيد الناجي هو صديقي كان

Importance اهمية Graden حديقة Circle دائرةBark لحاء Along امتداد علي Soft cells ناعمه خالياHarden – يتحجر يتصلب Side جانب Spring – ماء نبع الربيعRing – – خاتم حلقة

يرنDifficult صعب Form يشكل

Tube انبوبة Branch - شجرة ) فرعشركة(

Drill into يحفر

Leaf(leaves) شجر ورقة Shelter – ملجأ ماوي Quite ما حد اليRoots جذور Hear يسمع Die يموتPart جزء End – نهاية ينهي Generally L عموماAge – سن عمر Exercise تدريب Difference اختالفCut down يقطع Natural world الطبيعة عالم Trunk جذعKill يقتل Listener مستمع Deep عميقSoft – أملس ناعم How tall ? الطول كم Long طويلBelow أسفل Giant عمالق Strong قويWood خشب Incredible يصدق ال High عاليThin – رفيع نحيف Move on ينتقل Bridge كوبريRemove يزيل Take in يمتص Weak ضعيفRain – مطر تمطر Skin جلد Trousers بنطلونNarrow ضيق Caller متصل Knife سكينWide – عريض واسع Light ضوء Popular محبوبCalculate يحسب Like مثل Taste يتذوقPossible ممكن The living الحي الجزء Freeze – يجمد يتجمد

77

Hello English

Master

radnoceSy

eerht

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part Extract يستخرج Count يعد Headache صداعPiece قطعه Perhaps ربما Race سباقWidth العرض Explain – يشرح يفسر Instrument الهDepend on علي يعتمد Refer to الي يشير Rubber مطاطToothpaste أسنان معجون Stick - يثبت عصا Tonight الليلةRecently L مؤخرا Fertilizers أسمدة –

مخصباتWind رياح

Paint remover

دهان مزيل Pot اناء Destroy يدمر

Surprised مندهش Flat مسطح Pick يلتقطTeeth أسنان Enough كافي Sweet – حلويات حلوGloves قفاز Become يصبح Throw يرميNewspaper جريدة Flood – يفيض فيضان Pink بمبيPlam trees النخيل Field – مجال حقل Cardboard كرتون ورق

مقوىInstructions تعليمات Irrigate يروي Products منتجاتPress صحافة – يضغط Sandstorm رملية عاصفة Sap – عصارة النسغ

للغذاء حاملةFinally L أخيرا Mix يخلط Turpentine التربنتين زيتAdd يضيف Dangerous خطير Tie يربطFurniture أثاث Guitar جيتار Point – نقطة يشيرChemicals كيماوية مواد Environment البيئة Hammer شاكوشValuable قيم Fill يمليء Melt يذوبManage to من يتمكن Soil تربة Butter زبدةStiff صلب Breathe يتنفس Sequoia ينمو طويل شجر

كالفورنيا في

Wide – واسع ضيق Narrow عريضHard – صعب ناعم – Soft – easy صلب سهلSharp حاد Blunt ) ( تلم حاد غيرSweet حلو Bitter مر Dry جاف Damp رطب Strongقوي Weak ضعيف Take in يمتص Give out يخرج Valuable قيم Valueless قيمة بالDeep عميق Shallow ضحل

hard )adj ( – صلب صعبhard )adv( باجتهاد –بجد hardly )adv ( بصعوبة harden )v( يتحجر –يتصلب hardness )n( صالبة

Deep (adj ) عميق Deepen (v) يعمق Depth (n) عمق

Wood (n) خشب Woods (n) غابة Wooden (adj ) خشبي

Sharp (adj) حاد Sharpen (v) حدة –يحد اكثر يصبح Sharpness (n) حدة

Wide (adj) عريض –واسع Widen (v) يوسع Width (n) اتساع –عرض Widely (adv) واسعة بصورة

Value(v) يثمن –يقيم Valuable (adj ) قيم Valuables (n) قيمة أشياء

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Words and opposites

Derivatives

badly damaged شديد تلف أصابهhelp it to take in light الضوء امتصاص في يساعدهاkeep animals away from عن الحيوانات يبعدhow is it possible to ان يمكننا كيفcalculate the age of عمر يحسبyou could start with بـ تبدأ أن يمكنكthere is a circle of من دائرة هناكdoes no damage to the tree للشجرة تلف يسبب الthe same width االتساع نفسdry year ) االمطار ) من جاف عامThe dry year الجفاف عامin this way الطريقة بهذهwhat the weather was like ? ؟ الطقس كان كيفeveryday use اليومي االستخدامwhy we need trees االشجار نحتاج لماذاmost of them معظمم make paper out of wood الخشب من ورق يصنعbelieve it or not تصدق ال او صدقin addition to الي باالضافةcan also be used L أيضا استخدامه يمكنturn into الي يتحول

First of all بدء ذي باديءMore serious reason أهمية اكثر سببPress the soil down hard بشدة التربة علي يضغطSurprised to hear لسماع مندهشGive out oxygen أكسجين يخرجa strong –smelling liquid نفاذة رائحة ذو سائلmake tea the English way االنجليزية بالطريقة شاي يصنع

Bark :the hard outside part of a tree .Harden : to become firm and stiff Ring : an object in the shape of a circle Tube : a pipe that liquids or gases go through Cardboard : very stiff thick paper , used especially for making boxes Instrument : something such as a piano used for producing musical sounds Product : something that is grown or made to be sold Rubber : a substance used for making tyres , boots etc Sap : is the liquid that carries food in trees. Toothpaste : a substance used for cleaning your teeth Turpentine : a strong smelling liquid used for removing paint Calculate : to find out something or measure something by using numbers Extract : to remove something Width : the distance from one side of something to the other Branch : a part of a tree that grows out from the trunk Fruit : grows on a plant ot tree and has seeds inside Leaves : are the flat green parts at the nd of the branches of a tree Roots : are the parts of trees that grow under the ground and find water .

Strong (adj )قوي Strength (n) قوة Strengthen(v) يقوي Strongly (adv) بقوة

Weak (adj) ضعيف Weaken (v) يضعف Weakness (n) ضعف

Bark – park* bark لحاء الشجرة * park يركن السيارة–حديقة

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Prepositions . idioms and expressions

Definitions

Language Notes

Hear – listen to* hear يسمع شيء بالمصادفة وبدون قصد * hear from يتلقي رسالة من * hear of يسمع أخبار عن * hear about يتلقي معلومات عن * listen to ينصت للشيء عن قصد–يستمع

Cell – sell* cell زنزانة–خلية * sell )sold – sold ( يبيع

Breathe – breath – breeze* breathe )v( يتنفس - breathe in = inhale يستنشق - breathe out = exhale يزفر * breath عملية التنفس * breeze النسيم العليل

Made of – made from – made with – made by- made in * made of ) مصنوع من )مادة لم تتغير بعد التصنيع * made from ) مصنوع من مادة ) تغيرت بعد التصنيع * made with ) مصنوع بــ) عند ذكر بعض مكونات الشيء وليس الكل * made by شركة (–مصنوع بواسطة )شخص * make )something ( out of )material (يصنع شيء من مادة * made in سنة (–مصنوع في )مكان

Manage to – succeed in* manage to + inf يتمكن من / ينجح في * succeed in + v.ing ينجح في

Count – calculate* count يعد )ارقام بسيطة ( علي اصابعه * calculate يحسب )ارقام كبيرة ( علي االلة

Climate – weather * climate )المناخ )حالة الجو خالل فترة زمنية طويلة* weather )الطقس )حالة الجو خالل فترة زمنية قصيرة

Tape script Presenter : In today’s Natural World Professor Jeremy Beech is going to answer listener’s questions

about trees .Welcome to the programme .Prof.Beech : Hello .Presenter : Can we have our first question , please ? Female caller : Hello. I’d like to ask the Professor about the tallest tree in the world .Where is it and

how tall is it ? Prof.Beech : The tallest tree in the world is the Giant Sequoia and it’s in California .It’s 83.8 metres

tall .Scientists say it is between 2.300 and 2.700 years old .Presenter : That’s incredible . Now , let’s move on to our second caller . Boy caller : Hello .i know a tree’s leaves help it to take in light from the sun .But I’d like to ask what

the bark of a tree does .Prof .Beech : Well, the bark is like our skin –it protects the living part of the tree and the tubes which

carry water from a tree’s roots to its leaves .If the bark is badly damaged , the tree dies .Animals such as goats love eating bark , so it’s especially important to keep animals away from younger trees .

Presenter : Thank you .What’s the next question ? Male caller : Hi, I’d like to ask :how is it possible to calculate the age of a tree by counting its rings ,

without cutting the tree down ? Presenter : Good question .Perhaps you could start by explaining what the rings are that this caller is

referring to .Prof .Beech : Well, most trees grow bigger every year .Just under the bark there’s a circle of soft

cells which hardens every spring or summer .This forms a ring of new wood each year .This means we can calculate the age of the tree by counting the rings .

Presenter : You can see the rings if you cut the tree down .But how do you do this without killing the tree ?

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Listening

Prof .Beech : We can drill into the tree to make a deep, narrow hole .We then extract a very thin piece of wood which does no damage to the tree .

Presenter : And are the rings the same width every year ? Prof .Beech : No, they aren’t .The width depends on the climate and the amount of rain .If there’s a

lot of rain during the year , the rings are quite wide .If it’s a dry year , the rings are narrower .In this way we can find out what the weather was like hundreds of years ago when the tree was younger .

Presenter : Really ? Well, I’m afraid that’s all we have time for in today’s programme .Thanks to everyone.

Why do we need trees ? If you ask people why we need trees, most of them will answer: “ We need wood from trees

for building houses ”; “ We get fruit and nuts from trees”; “We make paper out of wood from trees”;

“we can use wood as a fuel for cooking and heating”. Recently, people have added a more

serious reason to this list: “Trees help the earth to breathe ” or “They protect us from global

warming ”.

It has been said that more than 5,000 things in everyday use are

made from trees. Here are a few of them: furniture, sports equipment,

pencils, magazines and newspapers, cardboard boxes, musical

instruments and- believe it or not- some kinds of toothpaste.

In addition to these uses, trees also give us valuable chemicals.

Turpentine, which is used as paint remover, is made from the sap of

trees. Sap can also be used to make rubber. If wood is heated, chemicals are produced which can

be used to make medicines and some kinds of plastic. Wood products can also be turned into

paper, cardboard and materials from which clothes can be made. You may be surprised to hear

that wood products are also used in some types of ice cream and other foods.

So, the next time you are reading a newspaper, eating an ice cream, playing the piano or cleaning your teeth, just stop and think: how would you manage to do these things if there were no trees?

Choose the correct answer: (WB) 1- The …………..are the parts of trees that grow under the ground to find water . a)roots b) leaves c) bark d) branches 2- The hard outside part of a tree is called the …………… a) leaves b) bark c) branch d) tube 3- …………are the flat green parts at the end of the branches of a tree . a) roots b) trunk c) leaves d) fruit 4- A ………….grows on a plant or tree and has seeds inside . a) leaves b) bark c) branch d) fruit 5- Every year , trees grow extra …………..of new wood . a) rings b) branches c)cells d) saps 6- Every year the cells under the bark of a tree ………….and become new wood . a) sharpen b) harden c) widen d) lengthen7- This road is too narrow for all today’s traffic , so they’re going to …………..it a) sharpen b) harden c) widen d) lengthen8- That old bridge over the river is very weak .They’ll have to ………..it soon . a) shorten b) lenghthen c) deepen d) strengthen

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Reading

Exercises

9- My new trousers are too long , so my mother is going to …………….them for me . a) shorten b) lenghthen c) deepen d) strengthen 10- This knife doesn’t cut well . I need to ……………it . a) widen b) lengthen c) sharpen d) strengthen 11- That film is sp popular that the queues to see it …………….every day . a) sharpen b) strengthen c) lengthen d) deepen 12- We count the ……………to know the age of a tree . a) barks b) leaves c) roots d) rings 13- If the year is dry , the rings become …………….. a) wider b) deeper c) narrower d) taller 14- Trees are …………..fgor wood, fruit and other uses a) watered b) grown c) burnt d) cut 15- ………….is used for making tyres a) Rubber b) Skin c) Boxes d) Turpentine16- ……………is the liquid that carries food in trees a) Turpentine b) Bark c) Tubes d) Sap17- Tubes carry water from the ……………of a tree to the leaves . a) roots b) bark c) rings d) branch 18- We …………..a thin piece of wood from a tree in order to calculate its age . a) find b) extract c) cut d) make 19- The tree’s leaves help it to …………….light from the sun . a) give out b) take c) take in d) move on 20- The bark of the tree is like our …………… a) feet b) fingers c) face d) skin 21- We should keep animals ……………from younger trees . a) at b) away c) on d) for 22- The …………carry water from a tree’s roots to its leaves a) tubes b) barks c) leaves d) branches 23- If the bark is ………….damaged , the tree dies . a) bad b) well c) badly d) good 24- We can see the rings if we cur the tree …………… a) in b) out c) on d) down 25- We drill ………….the tree to make a deep, narrow hole . a) on b) into c) of d) for 26- Just under the bark there’s a ……………of soft cells . a) square b) triangle c) tube d) circle 27- Turpentine is used as a paint ………… a) remove b) removes c) remover d) removed 28- We make paper …………..wood from trees. a) out of b) out c) at d) in 29- People use wood as a ……………for cooking or heating . a) gas b) coal c) fuel d) ice 30- Trees also help the earth to ………….. a) breath b) breathe c) breeze d) freeze 31- There are a lot of things in …………..use are made from trees . a) every day b) everyday c) day d) ever day 32- Wood is used for making musical ………….. a) devices b) instruments c) appliances d) instructions 33- Trees give us ……………chemicals . a) valuable b) valueless c) valuables d) values 34- Sap also can be used to make ………….. a) paper b) wood c) rubber d) oil 35- Wood products can also be …………….paper . a) turned b) turned into c) turn d) given 36-He …………… to climb the tree with great difficulty. a)able b) managed c) capable d) could 37-We use …………… to make boxes.

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a)cardboard b) dashboard c) blackboard d) board 38-You can use ………….. to brush your teeth. a) toothpaste b) flour c) milk d) shaving paste 39-The …………….. is a musical instrument. a)paint b)piano c)jug d) mug 40-Goats and other animals can ………….. tress by damaging the bark. a)eat b) kill c)water d) freeze 41-The …………… of the rings depends on the climate and amount of rain. a)wide b)width c) length d)age 42-what was the weather……………. yesterday? a)as b)like c)likes d)hates 43-The ………………….. are the food factory of a tree. a) trunks b)barks c)branches d)leaves 44-The smallest part of an animal or a plant is called a …………………….. . a)sell b)well c) cell d) skin 45-The oil which is ………………….. from olives is used for cooking. a)extracted b) retreated c) contacted d)conducted46-Cutting ………………… trees causes damage to the environment. a) in b)of c)away d)down 47-Egypt exports a lot of …………..to other countries. a)conducts b)instructs c)deducts d)products48-The garden is 20 metres in ………………….. a)wide b)widen c)width d)the wide49-We should plant more trees …………….the sides of streets. a)along b)beneath c) off d)above50-…………… fall from some trees in autumn. a)Leaves b)Barks c) Roots d) Branches

Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly : 1- Trees help the earth to breathing.2- Trees protect us from global warm.3- Trees give us valuable chemistry.4- Sap can be used to make rub.5- They excrete wood from trees.6- The trunk forms a new circle of wood every year.7- Millions of trees are cut out every year.8- Wood is good for making musical machines.9- We make paper out from wood from trees.10- We can use wood as a fool for cooking and heating.11- Wood produces can be turned into paper and cardboard.12- My hands hardness when I was working on the farm.13- Every year soft shells below the bark of a tree form new wood.14- The more rain there is in a year, the narrower the tree rings are,15- Turpentine is used as a paint mover.16- What’s the climate like today?17- The Great Pyramid is 150 metres in high.18- The roots take out water from the earth for the tree.19- A tub is a pipe that liquids or gases go through.20- I’d like buying a new mobile.

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Grammar

The conditional phrases (If)

Zero conditional وقوانين علمية قـائـالحق مـع( يهرصفـال ةـحـالال (

If + طـبسي عرـضــام طـيـبس ارعــضـم

If we heat water, it boils.If you freeze water, It turns into ice.If + أمــرال طـيـبس ارعـضـم ( )

أمــرال فىواوامر توجيهات العطاء

If my brother comes, please tell me .If she comes, let her in.

If I need money , I take from my father معتادة ومواقف حقيقية احداث عن للتعبير

The First conditional األولى ةـالشرطي الحـالـة

If + طـيـبس ارعــمض will/can / may +

.If you study hard, you will get high marksدرـالمصIf I earn some money, I’ll go abroad.

تحـل ـ: ـظـالح Should لـمح If دونــب درــمص اـويليه ةـوالثاني ىـاألول نـالحالتي ىـف to.حدوث اساس علي المستقبل في شيء لحدوث احتمال عن للتعبير االولي الحالة نستخدم

……(tomorrow – next) المستقبل علي الدالية الكلمات استخدام ويمكن الحاضر في اخر شيء

Should + فاعل + مصدر will ) would ( + دــالمصرShould I earn some money, I’ll go abroad.

بمعنى اآلتيـة الروابـط تستخـدم but only if – If .in caseproviding

Future simple provided that Present simpleas long asonly if

I'll attend the party provided that he invites me.

I'll lend you the money as long as you promise to pay it back soon.He will travel abroad in case he gets the passport.She will pass the test only if she studies hard

Unless = Except if = If not حـاالتهـا كـل فى

Unless you study hard, you will not get high marks.

كانت إذا ـ:ـظـالح If ستخداما دـعن ةمثبت Unless منفية كانت إذا وأما الشرط جـواب ننفى You will be late unless you hurry. الشـرط جواب ننفى وال النفي نحذف

You will be late if you don't hurry. You will be late except if you hurry.

تستخـدم ـ: السـابقـة األمثلة في الحـظ if + not أو except if محـل unless .

If you don't study, you will fail. ) Unless (Unless you study, you will fail. ) Without (

Without ) But for ( + noun اســـم or ) v + ing (

Without ) But for ( studying, you will fail.

84

The Second conditional الثـانية ةـالشرطي الحـالـة

If + طـيـبس ماضي would/ could / might +درــالمص مصدر

If you studied hard, you would get high marks.

If he hurried, he would catch the train. ) Should (Should he hurry, he would catch the train. ) In case of (In case of hurrying, he would catch the train. ) Unless (Unless he hurried, he would not catch the train. ) Without (Without ) But for ( hurrying, he would not catch the train. ) Were (

Were + فـاعـل + to + ردـمص would +

درــالمص لـتح Were لــمح If ةالثانيـ ةـالحال في.Were he to hurry, he would catch the train.If he were tall, he’d touch the shelf. ) B. w. Were (Were he tall, he’d touch the shelf.

دامـــستخا ـ: ظــالحـ were االستحـالـة حـالـة في الضمـائـر كـل مــع.If I were a doctor, I would be rich

تستخدم If I were you, I would/ wouldn't + inf النصيحة عن للتعبير If I were you I’d go to adoctor

ـلــتح ـ: ظـــالح Had لــمحـ If لتعبر عن تمنيـمـسا اـويليـه ةـانيـالث ةــالــالح في( .If he had a map, he wouldn’t get lost. امتالك هذا الشيء (

= Had he a map, he wouldn’t get lost.

النفي ذفــح عـمـ الثـانيـة ةـالحال دمــنستخ ارعـمضـ لـةـالجم انـتـك إذا ـ: ظــالحـ .If he did his best, he would )could( get high marks.

She doesn't run quickly, so she doesn't catch the train. ) B. w. If (If she ran quickly, she would catch the train.

ســما ( ـلــتح ـ: ـظـالح + (If it were not for لــمحـ ) But for - without ( ةـالثاني ةـالحال في

If it were not for + مـــسا Would + ـالمصدرـ

But for doctors, People would die.If it were not for doctors, People would die.

The Third conditional ةـالثـالث ةـالشرطي الحـالـة

If + ) had + pp ( تـام ماضي would have + pp If he had studied hard, he would have got high marks. ) Had (

ـلـتح ـ: ظــالح Had لـمحـ If ثـالثال التصـريـف ثم فاعل اـويليه ةـالثـالث الـةـالح في .Had he studied hard, he would have got high marks.

Had he studied hard, he would have got high marks. ) In case of (In case of hard study, he would have got high marks. ) Unless (Unless he studied hard, he would not have got high marks. ) Without ( Without hard study, he would not have got high marks.

النفي ثبـاتإو اإلثبـات ىـنف عـم ةالثــالث ـةالـالح نستخدم ماضي ةـلـالجم تـانــك إذا ـ: ظـالحـ .

85

He didn’t study hard so he didn’t get high marks. ) If (If he had studied hard, he would have got high marks.

We won October war. We restored Sinai. ) If (If we hadn’t won October war, we wouldn’t have restored Sinai.

They didn’t catch the train because they didn’t hurry. ) Had (Had they hurried, they would have caught the train.

ســما ( لــتح ـ: ـظـالح + If it hadn’t been for ( لـمحـ ) But for - without ( ةـالحال في .ةلثـالثا

If it hadn’t been for + ســما Would have + pp

Without the rescuers’ efforts, a lot of people wouldn’t have survived

If it hadn’t been for rescuers' efforts, A lot people wouldn’t have survived.

* الحظIn case of – With - By + noun اســـم or ) v + ing (

In case of hard study, he will succeedIf I earn some money, I’ll go a broad. ) In case of (In case of earning some money, I’ll go a broad.If you study hard, you will get high marks. ) Unless (

Choose the correct answer :(WB – SB)

1- If scientists study the rings of trees , they ……..information about climate in the past . a( would find b( finds c( can find d( could find 2- If there is not much rain in a year , the rings in a tree ………close together . a( are b( will be c( would be d( would have been 3- If they extract a thin piece of wood from the tree , they ……….its age without cutting it down . a( calculate b( can calculate c( would calculate d( calculating 4- The tree won’t fall over in strong winds if it …………deep roots a( has had b( have c( had d( has 5- The tree dies if the bark of it ………….. a( destroys b( destroyed c( is destroyed d( was destroyed 6- If you pick those apples now , they ……….very sweet. You have to wait a( will taste b( won’t taste c( would taste d( tastes 7- If you leave now , you ………..your train . a( will catch b( would catch c( might catch d( catch 8- Water freezes if the temperature ………….zero or below . a( will be b( are c(is d( would be 9- If you throw that stone , you ……………a window a( may break b( would break c( breaks d( are breaking 10- I ………….a headache if I spend too long on the computer . a( will get b( gets c( get d( would get 11- If she trains hard , she ……………next week’s race . a( wins b( would win c( could win d( will win 12- If you )mix – mixed - had mixed – mixes ( red and white , you get pink . 13- You )would - can - doesn’t – is( see the rings if you cut the tree down . 14- If there is a lot of rain during the year , the rings)become - have become - will become - can

become ( quite wide 15- If those goats eat the bark of my trres , the trees ) die - will die - would die – dies ( 16- If water freezes , it )will turn - would turn - turned - turns ( into ice . 17- If people ) don’t get - doesn’t get - didn’t get - haven’t got ( , they become ill . 18- If it goes on raining for much longer , the river ) would flood -may flood - flood - flooded ( 19- If you look at the sun, you )would - will - would have - might have ( damage your sight.

86

Exercises

20-If there )had been – were – are - have been ( clouds in the sky tonight, you will not be able to see the moon..

21-If it had been an eclipse, the sky )would have gone - will go - might go - should go ( dark. 22-If I )had discovered - discovered - discover - have discovered ( a planet, I would give it my

aunt's name. 23-)Unless - Without - If - In case of ( there was an eclipse of the sun in my country, I would

definitely watch it. 24- )Were – If - In case of – Unless( you watch the sky on a clear night, you can see stars and

planets. 25-If the sun didn’t give heat and light, there )won’t be-may not be-wouldn’t be-can’t be( any

life on Earth.26-If you wear a hat, your face )won't get-wouldn't get-wouldn't have got-should have got( burnt.27-It is better for your eyes )without-in case of-were-if( you wear glasses.28-)If-Unless-Should-Had( you hadn't spent so long in the sun, you wouldn't have got burnt.29-If it's warm and sunny tomorrow, I )go-might go-would have gone-will go( swimming.30-)Unless-If-Without-But for( I had gone to England, I would have met my pen friend.31-If you )take-took-had taken-takes( the temperature at the sun's centre, you'd find it was 15 million degrees.32-If he hadn't looked at the sun, he )won't have-will have-wouldn't have-would have( damaged his sight.33-If it hadn't rained so heavily, we )would have – have – have had – wouldn't have had( floods.34-If it )is-were-had been-was( very hot tomorrow, we will not go to the beach.35-If I were you, I )shall-would-can-may( listen to the weather forecast before deciding where to go tomorrow.36-I )will put on-would put on-would have put on-may put on( protective glasses if I were you.37-I wouldn’t watch an eclipse unless it )is-was-had been-has been( on TV.38-If you look through a telescope, you )could-can-might-would( see stars and planets.39-If it )were-was-is-had been( cloudy, we may not see the eclipse.40-If there )was-is-had been-has been( a solar eclipse in my country, I would definitely watch it.41-If you use sun cream, you )won’t get-wouldn’t get-couldn’t get-might not get( sun burnt.42-Remember to keep your receipt )in case of-unless-without-in case( you want to change the goods.43-I wouldn’t say it unless it )is-does-did-were( true.44-If Sam loses his job, he )will-would-had to-have to( look for work in the city.45-What )will you do-may you do-can you do-would you do( if it rained next June?46- )In case-But for-Unless-If( blood banks, many people would die.47-I would put on protective glasses if I )were-will be-has been-am( you.48-If she hadn’t learned how to type, she )would have written-will write-wouldn’t have written-would write( so many books.49-If you can’t dictate your conditions , you )will - should - need – ought( negotiate . 2011يونيو 50-If Mona had come ten minutes earlier, she) would meet - would have me - will meet meets( her boss. 2013يونيو 51-)If - As - When – Unless ( you work harder, you'll fail your exam. 2013أغسطس 52- If you had come five minutes later, I )would leave -would have left -leave - will leave ( أغسطس 2013

53-)If it didn’t stop -Unless it stop - Should it stop - If it stopped ( raining , we won’t be able to finish the game . 2014اغسطس 54-Unless he )had helped - has helped - helped – helps ( me ,I wouldn’t have been able to finish the work quickly and accurately . 2015يونيو

Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly : 1-If it will rain, we will get wet.2-If you leave now, you catch your train.3-Water will freeze if the temperature is zero or below.

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Place: ……………….Speaker A:………….Speaker B:………….Function :……………

Place: ……………….Speaker A:………….Speaker B:………….Function :……………

4-If you throw that stone, you break a window.5-I get a headache if I use the computer for too long.6-If she trains hard, she wins next week’s race.7-If you’ll mix red and white, you get pink.8-If you will water plants regularly they grow well. 9-If you heat water to 100 º C it will boil.10-If you will eat an apple every day, you'll be very healthy.11-She looks completely different if she cuts her hair.12-You get heart disease if you eat too much meat.13-You don’t pass the course if you don’t study.14-If I cook some eggs, how many did you eat?15-If you do not study, you would fail the test.16-If you look in the fridge, you would find some cold drinks.17-If there was no oil in the engine, the car will break down.18-I will lend you my umbrella if you will need it.19-The sea level would rise if the planet gets hotter.20-You be safe in an accident if you wear your seatbelt.

21-If you put a long bar of steel in water, will it sink? 2012يونيو 22- If she had more information about Hany’s situation , she helped him . 2011أغسطس

Test 6

A- Language Functions1) Respond to the following situations: 1.You want to ask one of your grandparents about his life when she was young.2.Ahmed suggests going to the shore but you don't have spare time.3.You're asked which sport you think is the best form of exercise.4.Your bus leaves in ten minutes and you want to catch it.2) Supply where these situations take place and who the speakers are : 1 - A : How can I operate this TV? B : This brochure will show you , sir. A : Ok , thanks.

2 – A : How can I get high marks? B : If you study hard and work to a plan. A : Thank.

B- Vocabulary and Structure3) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1. Every year, trees grow extra ……… of new wood.

a- rings b- sings c- brings d- kings 2. The liquid that carries food in trees is called ….

a- lab b- map c- nap d- sap 3. A piano is a musical …….. .

a- measurement b- instrument c- movement d- improvement 4. We can use turpentine to …………… paint.

a- remove b- prove c- disprove d- drove 5. The ………. are the parts of trees that grow under the ground and find water.

a- leaves b- roots c- bark d- branches 6. The hard outside part of a tree is called the ……………………… .

a- ark b- clerk c- bark d- park 7. ……………….. are the flat green parts at the ends of the branches of a tree.

a- Leaves b- Roots c- Bark d- Branches 8. A fruit grows on a plant or tree and has ……………….. inside.

a- leaves b- roots c- seeds d- branches

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9. If it ------------------ tomorrow, I will go for a walk.a- doesn't rain b- won't rain c- didn't rain d- hadn't rained

10. ---------------- danger, call the police.a- If b- Unless c- Without d- In case of

11. If we heat metals , they ----------------------a- expanded b- would expand c- will not expand d- expand

12. If you meet my father, ------------ tell him I am in the club.a- won't b- wouldn't c- don't d- can't

13. You will understand the lesson ----------------- you listen carefully.a- unless b- except if c- as long as d- so

14. If she -------------- the newspaper, she would have known.a- read b- reads c- had read d- will read

15. If I -------------- you, I would apologize to her.a- am b- were c- had been d- have been

16. If he didn't come , I ----------------- him.a-forgive b- won't forgive c- wouldn't forgive d- would have forgiven

4) Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly:1. If I felt tired, I will go to bed.2. If I found any money at school, I will take it to the teacher.3. I will tell you if I saw anything unusual.4. If she trains hard , she wins next week's race.5. This instance measures breathing and blood pressure.6. Her company has benches in Cairo and Alexandria.

)C( Reading Comprehension and Set Books 5) Read the following passage then answer the questions:

Light and heat from the sun pour down on the Earth all the time. When we turn this energy into electricity or use it as heat, we call it solar |- power. On a sunny day, a square patch of Earth facing the sun with sides 1 m )40 in( long gets up to 1.000 watts of power from the sun: enough to run one bar of an electric fire. In fact, the sun could supply all the power we need for the whole world if could collect it and use it efficiently. The equipment needed to turn the sun's energy into useful power is expensive

But the costs of running and maintaining that equipment are less than those of ordinary power stations.Electricity is probably the most convenient type of power we use every day, and solar cells can turn sunlight directly into electricity. Solar cells are made from thin slices of pure silicon, a material, which can be got from sand.

The top of the slice is a slightly different kind of silicon from the bottom, and when light shines on it, an electric current will flow along a wire connecting the top to the bottom. A single solar cell produces only a tiny current, but an array of cells connected together makes a useful amount of power. Solar cells are expensive to make so we use them only where there is no convenient electricity supply. Satellites in space have huge panels of solar cells to supply their electricity. In remote parts of some developing countries solar cells provide electricity to pump water for drinking and growing crops and to power refrigerators storing medicines.

Answer the following questions: 1.What is solar power?2.When could the sun supply the power needed for the whole world?3.Why must satellites in space have solar cells?4.What does the underlined word 'remote' refer to?

B - Choose the right answer form a, b, c, or d:

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5.The most suitable type of power for us is ...........a( coal b( oil c( gas d( electricity

6.The ........... is a good conductor of electricity.a( silicon b( light c( sun d( slice

7.A single solar cell produces a .......... current of electricity.a( strong b( remote c( tiny d( hot

6) Read the following passage, then answer the questions:In Egypt, the tourism industry has come to hold a position of great importance lately. It

is felt that it could help increase the national income. In some European countries, tourism has brought in millions of dollars yearly, although they lack the natural and historical attractions we have in Egypt. We could, for instance, establish tourist villages for children on the Red Sea. We could teach fishing, swimming, diving and sailing there. Another good idea would be a village in the New Valley for horse riding. And what about villages for people with health problems like rheumatism? The warm dry climate of Aswan and Helwan would certainly help them get better.

Our tourist today wants efficient and friendly service. He would probably prefer to try our samples of our local food rather than to eat the international meals, which are served, in some places. It must also be remembered that most tourists nowadays are seldom rich. Many of them are students or hardworking employees. So what is needed is not expensive hotels but clean comfortable places to sleep and eat in at reasonable prices. This, too, would encourage Egyptians to travel more and more around their lovely country.Give short answers to the following questions:1.How could we encourage Egyptians to see more and more of their country?2.Why has tourism become very important?3.What sort of people did the writer suggest to enjoy our warm dry climate?

Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:4.The writer feels that Egypt has got …….. the other countries which make so much money

from tourism.a( less attractions than b( the least attractions ofc( the same attractions as d( more attractions than

5.According to the writer, if someone has pains in his muscles and joints, he should go to …a( Europe b( Aswan c( The Red Sea d( The New Valley

D- The Novel 7) (A) Answer the following questions: 1-What did Rassendyll notice when he rode alone through the old town ?2-What did Fritz do while Sapt and Rassendyll were in Zenda?3-How did Sapt and Rassendyll find Josef ? 4-Why wasn’t the guard at the city gate ? 5-B)Read following quotation and answer the questions:

“But you need a permit to leave the city ”1-Who said this to whom ?2-Why did they want to leave the city?3-Whose the signature had to be on the permit ?

C) Find the mistakes in these sentences and correct them :1-A golden ring was placed on the King's head .

2-During the coronation the King was really worried.E- Writing

8) Write a paragraph of 100 words about:

" The importance and uses of trees " F- Translation

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is covered by بـ مغطيrefer to الي يشير

Branch ( شجرة شركة (–فرعPoint down السفل تتجهtalk about عن يتحدثas we all know L جميعا نعرف كماtake part in the murder الجريمة في يشاركfall off علي من يسقطare found in في متواجدthe dry season الجفاف موسمa dry season جاف موسمon the sides of the mountain الجبال جوانب عليnever lose their leaves اوراقها L أبدا تفقد الsquare kilometer مربع كيلومترlook straight at the sun الشمس الي مباشرة ينظرone by one االخر تلو L واحداsolve a crime جريمة لغز يحلwork on a crime جريمة لغز حل علي يعملMurder On The Orient Express ) ( السريع الشرق قطار في قتل جريمة روايةin danger خطر فيthe father of medicine ) الطب ) علم مؤسس أبوconnect with - بـ عالقة لها بـ صلة ذاتcollect post cards بريد طوابع يجمعmake me laugh تضحكني got on the train للقطار صعدwas hated by many people الكثيرين من مكروهso full on the journey الرحلة خالل L جدا ممتليءDidn’t look right for the part للدور L مناسبا يبدو ال

9) A- Translate into Arabic: Trees are very important because they have many uses. We can use them to get wood and other things . But the most important thing is that they protect us from global warming.B) Translate into English:

التلوث. وتقليل األكسجين زيادة في األشجار تساهموالنظـام الذات وإنكـار التعــاون إلى يـؤدى الجماعى العمل إن.

Map خريطة Carbon dioxide الكربون أكسيد ثاني

Rainforest ممطرة غابة Guest ضيف

Grow يزرع – ينمو Afterwards ذلك بعد

Surface سطح Noise pollution ضوضائي تلوث

Thirsty L عطشان Welcome يرحب – مرحبا

Percent مئوية نسبة Be careful احترس

Snow ثلج Panإناء

Support دعم – يدعم Pick up يلتقط

Reach يصل Burn يحرق

)بوليس مفتش – مخبر )

Detective يصف Describe

Central Africa افريقيا وسط Journey رحلة

Sunlight الشمس ضوء Empty فارغ

Above فوق Wealthy ثري

Low منخفض During أثناء

Make up مكياج – يكون – يشكل Passenger راكب

Neither …nor .....وال وال Still مازال

Consist of من يتكون Purpose غرض

Lose يفقد Greek يوناني

Northern شمالي Hidden مخفي

Contact يتصل Human body البشري الجسم

Trunk جذع Offer عرض – يعرض

Somewhere ما مكان في Secret identity سرية هوية

Notice يالحظ Changes تغييرات

Rain heavily بغزارة تمطر Film-makers الفيلم صناع

91

Expressions , idioms and prepositions

Hello English

Master

Review B

Secondary three

Vocabulary

Presenter : in last week’s programme , Professor Jeremy Beech answered some of the questions about trees . Today we welcome Professor Beech to talk about forests .Professor ,could you start by telling us about the different kinds of forests ?

Prof.Beesh : Yes, of course. Well, as we all know , a forest is a large area of land which is covered by trees .About twenty percent of the earth’s surface is covered with forest .Different climates and soils support different types of forests .Let’s look first at rain forests , like the ones in South America and Central Africa .Here, temperatures are high and it rains a lot .There are many different types of trees in rain forests .Some grow very tall to reach the sunlight above.Below them are shorter trees ,and below these are other low plants .Rain forests make up about sesven percent of the earth’s surface .The second type of forests is found in places where the climate is neither very hot nor very cold .These forests consist of trees which lose their leaves in the winter or in the dryy season . The final kind of forests is found in countries with cold climates and on the sides of mountains .Most of the trees here never lose their leaves .Their branches point downwards so that snow can fall off them during the winter .The largest forest of this type is in northern Europe and covers eleven million square kilometers .

Presenter : That’s very interesting , Professor .Thankyou .Now , if any listener would like to ask profesoor Beech a question , you can contact the programme .

Murder on the Orient Express Hercule Poirot probably Agatha Christie’s most famous detective , had finished working on a crime in Turkey and was about to go home on the Orient Express .When Poirot got on the train , he noticed that it was unusually full for the time of year . Soon after the train had left Istanbul , a wealthy businessman , Mr. Raechett , asked Poirot to protect him because he believed his life was in danger .Although

92

Listening

Reading

Ratchett offered Poirot a lot of money to do this , the detective did not belive the man’s story and refused to help him. During the night , the train had to stop because of heavy snow .The next morning .Ratchett was found dead : he had been murdered .Had someone got on the train and killed him ? Now Poirot believed Ratchett’s story and , together with a doctor who was also on the train , he started to work to solve the crime .The two men soon discovered that Ratchett had a secret identity .He was not a buysinessman , but a criminal who was hated by many people . After examining the train and Ratchett’s body , Poirot realized that the man had almost cretaily been murdered by on of the 13 people from the same part of the train as Ratchett .This meant that there were 13 suspects .One by one , Poirot discovered that these 13 people all had a good reason to hate Ratchett .Together , they had carefully planned what they were going to do and had all taken part in the murder .This was why the Orient Express had been so full on that journey.

Choose the correct answer : 6-If someone decides to live in a particular place, we say they )put up-put down-put off-put out( roots there.7-Rainforests grow in hot and rainy )air-atmosphere-weather-climate(.8-A )forest-desert-town-rock( is a large area of land covered by trees.9-Some trees have some branches pointing downwards so that snow can fall )up-off-out-of( their leaves.10-Different climates and soils )import-report-support-export( different types of forest.11-About 20% of the earth’s surface is covered )with-from-of-at( snow.12-Rainforests make )out-of-down-up( 7% of the earth’s surface.13-Trees take )after-in-out-off( carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.14-Hercule Poirot is a detective who woks )at-with-by-on( crimes.15-Mr Ratchett believed that his wife is )in-at-with-by( danger.16-He’s going to do a )delay-survey-convey-journey( of people’s film-watching habits and references.17-I like films that make people )laugh-to laugh-laughing-laughed(.18-A doctor helped the detective to )answer-reply-response-solve( the crime.19-Poirot worked )at-with-by-on( a doctor who was also on the train.20-The court set the young man free because he was found )innocent-guilty-a spy-shy.21-Our wildest dreams are often )joined-connected-linked-contacted( with money.22-He enclosed his order )altogether-gather-together-all together( with a cheque for £15.23-The first )scene-view-vision-sight( of the play “Hamlet” takes place on the castle walls.24-I )knew-recognized-realized-looked( that I had left my keys at the office.25-A )detective-spy-criminal-suspect( is a police officer who tries to solve crimes.26-I found the story )confused-confusing-confusion-confuse(. I didn’t understand it.27-The murder suspect was still )at-with-by-on( the train at the end of the story.28-The little boy was )treated-dealt-handled-recovered( for burns at the hospital.29-Don’t leave your bag on the floor like that - pick it )out-up-down-to(.30-Thirteen people had taken part )at-in-by-on( the murder.31- The main )crime-suspect-summit-suspense( in the case القضية committed suicide.انتحر 32-There's a lot of )competition-race-war-quarrel( between computer companies.33-The police )looked-saw-watched-searched( the woods for the missing boy.34-Enemy forces )arrested-caught-captured-held( the city after a week-long battle.35-The )purpose-result-cause-consequence( of the research is to find out about the causes of the disease.41- The man ) had almost certainly – almost certainly had – almost ghad certainly – had certainly almost ( been murdered by one of the 13 people on the train . 42- Carbon dioxide ) is taken – takes – too – was taken in ( by trees 43-Noise pollution in cities is often )reduce-reducing-reduced-reduction( by trees.44-Some trees )produce-is produced-producing-have been produced( more than a million seeds every year.

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Exercises

45-People )grew-had grown-were growing-have grown( trees in gardens for thousands of years.46-If you )eat-will eat-had eaten-would eat( a lot of salt, it makes you thirsty.47-When I was younger, I )was going-had gone-went-go( to Greece on holiday every year.48-It’s three years )for-since-ago-when( I went on holiday.49-It )is expected-is expecting-expects-expecting( that Egypt will win the match.50-If I play computer games for too long, I )would get-should get-get-could get( a bad headache the next day.51-Her new furniture )delivered-was delivered-had delivered-has delivered( yesterday.52-She has never been to London )yet-already-since-ever(.53-That pan is very hot. If you )pick-picked-will pick-had picked( it up, you’ll burn your hand.54-The broken window )will replace-will be replaced-is replaced-replaces( tomorrow morning.55-If I )will go-go-went-were going( to bed very late, I don’t sleep well.56-They )knew-had known-were known-have known( each other since they were children57-As soon as he )has finished-was finishing-had finished-had been finished( eating, he did the washing up.58-They )were walking-walked-had walked-have been walking( to the station when they saw the accident.59-We )finished-had finished-were finishing-have finished( dinner by the time they arrived.60-I last )eat-had eaten-was eating-ate( fish when I was in Aswan.61-He had had breakfast before he )goes-went-going-had gone( to work.62-He wondered why he )had been followed-had followed-was followed-has followed(.

Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly : 1- He finished working in a crime in Greater Cairo.2- The police have not managed to answer the crime.3- He was a young sailor on his first sea journey.4- How size is your flat?5- He refused giving his sun any money.6- Trees drink carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.7- A detective is a person who secretly collects information about another country.8- Neither John or Jack plays computer games.9- Some animals are on danger.10- He suffers of a severe headache.11- The actress who killed Cleopatra didn’t look right for the part . 2014يونيو 12- Trees are usually killing by insects, diseases or people.13- Be careful! If you look straight at the sun like that, you damage your eyes.14- If you phone me this evening, I tell you what happened.15- She having dinner when her husband called.16- Her essay has to be finish by next Monday.17- When he was younger, he use to work in Cairo.18- English is speaking in most countries.19- I haven’t seen him since he leaves for Cairo.20- The letter hasn’t delivered yet.21- As soon as he has found a place, he parked his car.

Translate into English : 1-Films have to tell a story in a very short time. They often leave out some of the minor characters in books. They sometimes add scenes to make the story more exciting.2-Trees are the lungs of the environment. They take much of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen via photosynthesis. They provide a cover over the top surface of earth preventing excessive heating up by solar rays.

Translate into English : ان الكتاب يستطيعون تطوير الشخصيات و يسمحون للقارئ ببناء صورة تدريجية للشخصيات.-1لقد شهد العصر الحديث اختراعات و اكتشافات متنوعة فى كل مجاالت العلم و المعرفة.-2

1- Respond to each of the following situations:1- A friend asks you your opinion about the importance of the rainforests. Say what you think.

94

General test on units (4- 5- 6)

2- A friend who has never visited your country asks for your advice about place to see in Egypt.3- A friend from another country wants to phone someone from a public phone in Egypt. He / she

has never done this before. Tell him / her what to do first.4- Someone asks what you think about films which have been made from books.

2- Mention the place, the speakers and the language function in each of the following two mini-dialogues:1- A: Can I help you? Place:……………..

B: I want to send a registered letter. Speaker A:………….A: It will cost you 15 pounds. Speaker B:…………. B: Here you are. Function:………….

2- A: Can I see your ticket, please? Place:………..B: Here you are. When will the film start? Speaker A:………..A: At 7:30. Speaker B:………….

B: Thank you. Function :………….

3-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1- When I was at school, I won a poetry writing ……………….. .

a( race b( article c( competition d( game2- She sent me the report as an e-mail …………………..

a( attachment b( letter c( picture d( article3- The little girl does not want to sing because she is ……………….. .

a( innocent b( secret c( spy d( shy4- My favourite musical …………….. is the piano. a( player b instrument c( tool d( equipment5- I collect postcards which I keep in a ……………… box.

a( paper b( card c( cardboard d( wood6-The …………… is the hard outside part of a tree.

a( branch b( root c( bark d( trunk7- We saw a lot of photographs, but we couldn’t …………… the man we’d met.

a( identify b( realise c( look d( watch8-I really enjoyed this book. It is written in a very simple …………….. .

a( way b( style c( system d( design9- We arrived an hour late. The film ……………… half an hour earlier.

a( began b( was beginning c( had begun d( has begun10- Agatha Christie’s books ……………… into more than 40 languages.

a( have been translated b( have translatedc( translated d( were being translated

11- The Romans ………………. Petra nearly two thousands year ago.a( have captured b( were captured c( captured d( had captured

12- Your train leaves in ten minutes. If you hurry, you …………… it.a( are catching b( would catchc( will catch d( catch

13- If I am thirsty, I …………………. Water.a( will drink b( would drink c( am drinking d( drank

14- If water …………….., it boils.a( heated b( is heated c( heats d( is heating

15- My car …………… at the moment.a( is being repaired b( is repaired c( is repairing d( ‘ll go

16-I have known him ……………. years. a( since b( ago c( from d( for4-Find the mistake in each of the following sentences, then write it correctly:

1- The street where I live is only three metres width.2- Traveling by plane sometimes makes me a headache.3- The table is two metres in long.4- When I was younger, I use to want to be a pilot. 5- If you kick the ball too hard, you break that window.6- The Mousetrap written by Agatha Christie.

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5-Read the following passage, then answer the questions: (WB) Trees have often been important in history. On the Greek island of Kos, there is a tree that is

more than 12 metres in width. It is growing exactly in the same place as Hippocrates, the father of medicine, used to teach his pupils. And in another place and time, the English hero Robin Hood is believed to have hidden from his enemies in the branches of large trees.

The English language uses many words connected with trees. You can talk about the branches of a bank or a shop and the trunk of the human body. And if someone has lived somewhere for a long time, you can say they have put down roots.

A) Answer the following Questions:1-What does the phrase the father of medicine mean?2-Why did Robin Hood hide in trees?3-The English language uses many words connected with trees. Give examples.

B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:4- What did Hippocrates do on the island of Kos? a( He grew trees b( He treated patients c( He taught pupils d( He took medicine5-You say people have put down roots when they have ………………….. . a( stayed in a place for a long time c( moved house d( just moved somewhere new b( lived near some trees

6-Read the following passage, then answer the questions: After inventing dynamite, Swedish-born Alfred Nobel became a very rich man. However, he

foresaw its universally destructive powers too late. Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before his death, he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind. Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine, and peace. Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first awards ceremony .

Nobel’s original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and the interest on this sum is used for the awards, which vary from $30,000 to $ 125,000.

Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel’s death, the awards )gold medal, illuminated diploma, and money( are presented to the winners. Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judges’ decisions . Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes.

No awards were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War II. Some people have won two prizes, but this is rare ; others have shared their prizes.

A)Give short answers to the following questions: 1- When did Alfred Nobel die?2-Why was the Nobel Prize established?3-Why wasn’t anyone awarded the Nobel Prize from 1940 to 1942?

A)Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 4- Americans have achieved the most awards in ……………………… .

a( literature b( economics c( peace d( science

5- ……………….. can play an important role in selecting the winners. a( Economics b( literature c( Science d( Politics7-A) Answer the following questions:

1- What were Rassendyll’s fears of pretending to be the king again ?2- Why couldn’t the Duke and his men say that Rassendyll isn’t the real king ?3- Why do you think the Marshal changed th route to the palace ? 4- What did Rassendyll want the people of the old town think about the king ?

B) Read the following quotation and answer the questions:"Tell your soldiers to ride ahead of me. I don't need them or you."

a(Who says this to whom? b(Where are they and when is this? c(Why does the speaker say this?C) Find the mistakes in these sentences and correct them :

96

Unit seven

Building and engineering

1-The Princess knows that Rudolf isn't the real King.2-Sapt tells Fritz that he may let Michael into the King's bedroom.8-Write a paragraph of about 100 words about:

A film you have enjoyed recently9- A) Translate into Arabic:(WB) If wood is heated, chemicals are produced. These chemicals can be used to make medicines

and some kinds of plastic. Wood products are also used in some types of ice cream.

B) Translate into English: ( WB)- بينما كان ينتهى من قصة, كان يفكر فى القصة التالية.1( WB)- لقد تم نشر كتبها فى أكثر من مائة دولة.2

engineeringهندسة baseقاعدة investmentاستثمار concreteخرسانة

wish أمنية –يتمني illiuminate ينير –يضيء young peopleالشباب monumentsاثار

position Lيضع في مكان معين nearlyتقريباL لمكان عمله raysاشعة commuter مسافر يوميا diameterقطر دائرة statueتمثال

massiveضخم the nile valleyوادي النيل massivenessضخامة flood فيضان –يفيض

city centreوسط المدينة unthinkableمن غير المقبول undergroundمترو )تحت االرض ( weighيزن save ينقذ –يوفر tonneطن metro lineخط المترو shapeشكل

97

Hello English

Master

radnoceSy

eerht yralubacoV

The Great Wall of China العظيم الصين سورtook hundred of years to complete ) ( منه لالنتهاء السنوات مئات استقرق أخذthe quickest way to get to الي للوصول طريق ... تسرعa journey on the underground بالمترو رحلةfeel proud بالفخر يشعرfive meters in diameter أمتار خمسة قطرهwork on a project مشروع علي يعمل)be( carved into a cliff صخر في منحوت)be( carved from stone ) ( صخر حجر من منحوتthe first line opened االول الخط افتتحthe line goes from ….to….. الي ... من يسير ...الخطtravelling around Cairo القاهرة عبر السفرNo, not at all االطالق علي ليس الthere are plans for لـــ خطط هناكIt goes under the Nile النيل نهر أسفل يسيرa massive drilling machine عمالقة حفر الةthe whole thing sounds like مثل يبدو باكمله االمرa centre for لـــ مركزworks of engineering هندسية أعمالlose one of its important monuments اثارها اهم من واحدة تفقدplans were made الخطط وضعتkeep the attacjers out / المهاجمين المعتدين يبعدreach a length of الي طوله يصلthe longest structure ever built الحياة مدي علي بني بناء أطولcome to an agrremnet on حول التفاق يصلstop attckers from عن المعتدين يمنعcut stone or wood الخشب او الصخر ينحتin the same position الموقع نفس فيare sometimes threatened by بــ مهددة L أحيانا تكونgrammar and spelliung mistakes ونحوية لغوية أخطاءlay the railway through the mountains الجبال وسط الحديد السكة خط يضع

tunnel يحفر نفق –نفق reopenيعيد افتتاح cost تكلفة –يكلف the rising sunالشمس المشرقة

underأسفل combination خليط –مزيج attractiveجذاب enemyعدو

machine ماكينة –اله emperorامبراطور raiseيرفع eventuallyفي النهاية

carveينحت ride a horseيركب حصان paint يلون –يدهن experimentتجربة

brushفرشاة asleepنائم proudفخور deiving testاختبار القيادة

railwayسكة حديد shine يشرق –يسطع systemنظام remindيذكر the middle eastالشرق االوسط eventحدث

northeastالشمال الشرقي heightارتفاع structureبناء artistفنان improveيحسن - يطور bright مضيء –المع

tunnelingحفر االنفاق the front ofمقدمة sculptureتمثال منحوت gateبوابة sphinxابو الهول shutيغلق

pharaohفرعون the Great Pyramidالهرم االكبر ancientقديم common شائع –معتاد

topالقمة mud bricks الطوب اللبن sinkيغرق the sameنفس الشيء

iron bridgeالكوبري الحديدي specialخاص congestionازدحام nearby قريب –مجاور

laboratoryمعمل draftمسودة spectacularرائع viewمنظر engineer يهندس –مهندس lose يفقد –يخسر

North شمال South الجنوب East الشرق West الغرب Open يفتح Shut يغلق

Shine تشرق Set تغرب Ancient قديم Modern عصري –حديث

Sink يغوص –يغرق Float يطفو

Attract(v) يجذب Attraction(n) جذب Attractive (adj) جذاب

Invest(v) يستثمر Investor (n) مستثمر Investment (n) استثمار

Mass (n) كتلة Massive (adj) ضخم Massiveness (n) ضخامة

Amaze (v)يندهش Amazement (n) دهشة Amazing (adj) مدهش Amazed (adj ) مندهش

98

Words and opposites

Derivatives

Prepositions , idioms and expressions

Commuter : soemone who regularly travels to work specially a long distance Diameter : a line that goes from one side of a circle to the other end passes through the centre Engineering : the work of designing the way roads , bridges, machines ,etc are built Rays : narrow beams of light or energy from the sun .Unthinkable : impossible to imagine or accept . Base : a hard surface on which other things cab be built .Positioned : put someone or something in a place .Carve : cut stone or wood into particular shape . Illuminate : make light shine on something .Monument : a large structure that is built to remind people of an important event or a famous person .Cliff : a high steep rock or a piece of land .Raise : move something to a igher position .Investment : something that you buy because it will be valuable or useful later ;

rise – raise – arise – arouse* rise )rose – risen ( تشرق–) ترتفع )بدون مفعول * raise )ed( ) يرفع )ياتي بعدها مفعول * arise )arose – arisen ( يبرز–) ينشأ )بدون مفعول * arouse هموم (– مشاكل –يثير )متاعب

Carve – curve* carve ينحت * curve منحنى Lose – miss * lose X win يفوز - find يضيع )شيء (– يفقد –بطولة ( –يخسر )مباراة يجد * miss x catch ) يفتقد )شخص ( يفقد )وسيلة مواصالت بمعني تفوته الوسيلة

Weigh – heavy – in weight* weigh يزن - My brother weigh 70 kg .* heavy وزن ) تكتب بعد رقم الوزن والكيلوجرام (–ثقل - My brother is 70 kg heavy .* in weight ) بعد رقم الوزن بالكيلوجرام ( L وزنا

99

Definitions

Language Notes

- My brother is 70 kg in weight Statue – sculpture

* statue حيوان ...(–تمثال بالحجم الطبيعي ) انسان * sculpture فن النحت– الصلصال ( – الثلج –تمثال منحوت بشكل مصغر ) من الخشب

asleep sleepy* asleep ) نائم )مستغرق في النوم * sleepy ) نعسان ) مازال في بدايات النوم

hundred thousand millionالكلمات إذا جاء قبلها عدد محدد تكون مفردا أما إذا لم يسبقها عدد محدد وتشير لكميات كبيرة تكون جمعا.هذه

Tape script Tourist : Excuse me , could you tell me the best way to get to the city centre , please ? Egyptian man : Yes, the quickest way from here is to take an underground train .Tourist : I didn’t know Cairo had underground trains Egyptian man : Yes, it’s the only underground railway system in Africa or the Middle East . I know

this because I work on it as an engineer Tourist : Is it new ? Egyptian man : No, but it’s a lot newer than the London or Paris systems . The first lined opened in

1989 .It’s about 44 kilmeters long and goes from Helwan , in the south of Cairo to New El Marg in the northeast .

Tourist : Really ?That really must have made travelling around Cairo easier , especially for commuters

Egyptian man : It certainly has .Trains carry nearly two million people every day .

Tourist : Is it expensive ? Egyptian man : No, not at all .That’s one of the best things about

it .Journeys cost the same whether you travel between two stations or go from one end of the line to the other .

Tourist : That’s fantastic .It must have saved people a lot of money and improved their journeys to work

Egyptian man : It has Tourist : So how many lines are there in the system ? Egyptian man : There are two at the moment , but there are plans for six lines .Line two goes from

Shoubra to Elmonib .It goes under the Nile .Tourist : Really ? That’s amazing . Tunneling under the Nile can’t have been easy .Egyptian man :They used a massive drilling machine called Nefertiti .It dug a tunnel with a diameter

of over eight metres Tourist : Is there a line to the airport ? Egyptain man : No, not yet that’ll be line three ,They’ve started work on it already .Tourist : The whole thing sounds like a massive engineering project .It can’t have been cheap .Egyptian man : No, it wasn’t , but we’re very proud of it , and it’s considered to be one of the most

modern underground systems in the world . And , of course , it’s an investment in Egypt’s future as a centre for tourism and business .

Tourist : When will it be finished ? Egyptian man : All six lines might be open by 2022

Great Engineering

100

Listening

Reading

Egypt has many amazing works of engineering, both ancient and modern. South of Aswan, for example, Abu Simbel is the site of two temples which were carved into a cliff in about 1250 BC. The larger temple was positioned so that at certain times of the year, the rays of the rising sun would illuminate the statues of Ptah, Amun-Re, Ramses II and Ry-Horakhty. In 1954, the government decided to build Aswan High Dam. This meant that the Nile Valley would be flooded and that Abu Simbel itself would be under water. It was unthinkable that Egypt should lose one of its most important monuments, so plans were made to rescue it. The massive statues were cut into pieces which weighed over 30 tonnes each. These were raised over 60 metres up the cliff, where they were attached to a concrete base. The work took thousands of workers more than three years to complete. Today, the temples, which were re-opened in 1968, are an amazing combination of ancient and modern engineering. Many years after the building of Abu Simbel, China had a different problem which was solved by another great engineering project. Many years ago, enemies were attacking the rich towns of northern China. The emperor decided to keep the attacks out, so work on the Great Wall of China began in 220 BCE and continued for hundreds of years. Eventually, the wall reached a length of 6400 km. It is the longest structure ever built and was all made without machines. Its five-meter width is wide enough for soldiers to ride along on horses to stop attackers from climbing over the wall .

Choose the correct answer : WB- SB 1- The Egyptian man compares the Cairo underground system )with-at –in –on ( that in London 2- It )coats – cuts – costs – coasts ( the same even if you travel to the end of the line 3- The tunnel which goes under the Nile has a ) meter – diameter – dynamite – kilometer (of over

eight meters 4- The tourist thinks that the building of the Cairo undergroung must have been ) cheap – thin –

expensive – old ( 5- We as Egyptians feel very ) pride – pronouns – proud – prestige ( of the Cairo underground . 6- He believes it will make Cairo more )attract – attraction – attack – attractive ( to tourists . 7- My father studied ) engineer – engineering – engine – ages ( at university and has designed

many important bridges . 8- Education is an/a ) wish – hope – investors – investment ( in the future of a country and its young

people 9- Nearly four million ) commuters – travellers – players –actors ( travel to and from London every

day .10- The Great Wall of China was a /an ) investment – massive – mass – maasiveness( project which

took hundred of years to complete .11- That tunnel has a ) size – wide – weight – diameter ( of 7.6 meters 12- The verb of enigineering is ) engine – engineer – angle – angel ( 13- The verb is commute but the noun is ) communication – commuted – commuter – commute ( 14- The quickest way to get to the city centre is to ) go – come – take – fly ( an underground train 15- A journey on the underground ) gets – pays – bills – costs ( one pound 16- The first line of the Paris Metro system ) started – closed – got – opened ( in 190017- Before answering the question , you should )rise – raise – arise – arouse ( your hand .18- This temple was ) curve – covered – carved – coffined ( into a cliff .19- At certain times of the year, the rays of the rising sun would )illuminate – eliminate – educate –

candidate ( the statues 20- They built a concrete ) basic – bas – base – basis ( to position the statue 21- Contractors these days use ) concorde – concrete – concentration – mud ( to build houses .22- Tourists from all over the world come to Egypt to watch its ) monuments – roads – streets –

houses ( 23- The statue was ) poisoned – polluted – boiled – positioned ( in a place where sun can reach it .24- The sun )raises – rises – arouses – arises ( in the east every day 25- The height of the ) cave – coffee – cliff – café ( is 25 meters

101

Exercises

26- The artist ) covered – harvested – curved – carved ( the sculpture from a massive piece of stone 27- At night , bright lights always ) illuminate – elite – edit – communicate ( the front of the palace 28- The Sphinx is ) possessed – positioned – curved – locked ( near the Pyramids of Giza 29- The statue is built on a hard )basic – pass – base – land ( made of concrete 30- They had built the wall to keep the attackers ) in – on – at – out ( 31- The forest is a )mass-massive-pass-lass( of colour in autumn.32-The company will )invent-invite-invest-pass( 5 million in the new project.33-Egypt is full of examples of amazing )works-jobs-tasks-professions( of ancient and modern engineering and building skills.34-Abu Simbel is the )site-sight-cite-sit( of two temples south of Aswan.35-The temples in Aswan were carved )out-at-of-into( a sandstone cliff.36-The Great Wall of China )reached-arrived-came-went( a length of 6,400 km.37-The Great Wall of China is the longest )obstruction-structure-instruction-congestion( ever built.38-The Cairo Metro is a wonderful )job-work-task-doing( of engineering.39-The Cairo Metro is the only underground railway )tidy-discipline-arrangement-system( in Africa or the Middle East.40-My father )rises-arises-raises-arouses( at 5 every morning to do his exercises.41-Her answers )rose-arose-risen-aroused( suspicions in my mind.42-It was )advisable-justifiable-unthinkable-unsafe( that Egypt should lose one of its most important monuments.43-Plans were )done-taken-made-given( to rescue the temples.44-The Great Pyramid is about 150 metres )height-high-highly-highest(.45-The government does its best to provide social services )with-for-at-on( poorer families.46-The Cairo underground line is 44 kilometres )length-long-lengthen-longest(.47-He was )attracted-attended-attempted-attacked( and seriously injured by a gang of youths.48-Huge engineering projects have )effective-affects-effects-affections( on the people who live in the area.49-He )contacted-telephoned-rang-connected( a printer to the computer.50-Our washing machine broke down yesterday and )floated-flooded-fought-fled( the kitchen.51- The pieces were raised over 60 metres )in – at – of – up ( the cliff .52- It is (thinkable - imaginable - unthinkable – understandable( for Egyptians to lose one of their unique monuments. Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1- The kilometer of the tunnel is about eight meter 2- The long of the Great Wall of China is 6.400 kilometers 3- The top of the wall is five meters in wide 4- The Cairo underground line is 44 kilometers length 5- The Great Pyramid is about 150 meters height

6-He studied engineer at Cairo University.7-He's not certain whether to invent in the property market.8-The man stood on the top of a steep clip and looked out to sea.9-You can't imagine what it would be like to have your child die - it's quite unthinking.10-The statue is built on a hard basic made of concrete.11-They have done plans to protect our monuments.12-Rise your hand if you know the answer.13-A transporter is someone who travels a long distance to work every day.14-Abu Simbel is the sight of two temples south of Aswan.15-They used a mass drilling machine to dig a tunnel.

Write a paragraph of 100 words about : The Cairo underground as a great work of engineering

102

Grammar Deduction االستنتاج

( هو اننا نقوم بتخمين حدث معين سواء كان في الماضي او في الوقت deduction* اوال المقصود باالستنتاج )الحالي بناء علي جملة تقدم معلومة معينة علي اساسها نقوم بعملية االستنتاج

* للتوضيح الحظ المثالين التاليين Omar passed the exams .I’m sure ) I deduce ( that he is happy Omar passed the exams. I’m sure )I deduce ( he isn’t sad .

( وعلي Omar passed the exams* في الجملتين السابقتين نالحظ ان هناك جملو تقدم معلومة معينة ) L وهو استنتاج المر معين متاكدين من حدوثه في اساسها استنتجنا أنه بالتاكيد سعيد او بالتاكيد ليس حزينا

المضارع

L * وهنا الحظ أيضاOmar passed the exams . I’m sure ) I deduce ( he studied )had studied( hard

( ولكن االستنتاج الذي نريده هو االمر Omar passed the exams* في الجملة السابقة قدمنا معلومة ) االذي سبق هذه المعلومة بمعني انه بالتاكيد ذاكر في الماضي بجد حتي يصل للنجاح في االمتحانات

* ومن هنا يمكننا ان نبدأ الحديث عن درس االستنتاج ويمكن تقسيمه الي : Present المضارع

Must be أو) inf ( تستاخدم في حالة التعبير عن التاكد من حدوث شيء في المضارع

- He had bought two expensive cars . He must be rich

Must be = I’m sure / certain Certainly + فاعل + is / are +….. I deduceCan’t be تستخدم للتعبير عن التاكد من عدم حدوث الشيء في المضارع - She had bought two villas . She can’t be poor .

Can’t be = I’m sure / certain Certainly + فاعل + is / are not +….. I deduce

May be تستخدم في حالة عدم التاكد من حدوث الشيء في المضارع - Ali is absent today. I’m not sure he may be ill

May be = I’m not sure / certain It’s possible / possibly It’s probable / probably Perhaps ربما

L من might / could + beالحظ انه يمكن استخدام وتعطي نفس المعني للتعبير عن االحتمالية لحدوث may be بدالشيء في المضار ع .

Past الماضي

Must have + p.p تستخدم للتعبيرعن التاكد من حدوث شيء معين في الماضي - He missed the train . He must have got up late . = I’m sure he got up late Must have + p.p = I’m sure / certain Certainly + فعل في الماضي + فاعل I deduce

Can’t have + p.p تستخدم للتعبي عن التاكد من عدم حدوث شيء في الماضي - Sara didn’t get high marks in the exam .She can’t have studied well = I’m sure she didn’t study well / It’s impossible that she studied well .

Must have + p.p = I’m sure / certain Certainly + فاعل + didn’t + مصدر I deduce It’s impossible that + فعل في الماضي + فاعل Might have + p.p تستخدم لعمل استنتاجات غير مؤكدة المور قد تكون حدثت في الماضي - Ahmed wasn’t seen at the party yesterday .He might have left the country .May be = I’m not sure / certain It’s possible / possibly It’s probable / probably / Perhaps ربما

103

L من might / could + have + p.pالحظ انه يمكن استخدام وتعطي نفس المعني للتعبير عن may have p.p بدالاالحتمالية لحدوث شيء في المضار ع .

Choose the correct answer : 1- I don’t know where is my bag , mum ? – It’s not here . You ) might – can’t – should – would ( have

left it on the train 2- Look, Hehsam’s keys are on the table . He ) must – might – can’t – could ( have seen them when

he left this morning 3- I rang you this morning , but you didn’t answer . – Sorry , I ) can’t – would – can – must ( have

been asleep 4- He’s only been in the laboratory for ten minutes . surely he ) can’t – must – might – may ( have

finished the experiment already . 5- Ali fell off his bike this morning Do you know if he’s OK? - His mother says he ) must – might –

can’t – can ( have broken his arm . 6- It ) msut – can’t – could – might ( have started raining .Every one is putting their umbrellas up . 7- Leila took her driving test yesterday , she ) must – might – may – can’t ( have passed it because

she looks very unhappy . 8- My friend told me the homework was on page 41 .He ) must – can’t – might – could ( have been

wrong as there isn’t a page 41 . 9- Karim ) must – could – may – can’t ( have shut the gate to the field , the goats are all in the road . 10- It ) may – can’t – must – ould ( have been very difficult to build this this structure 200 years

ago .Those pieces of metal look incredibly heavy .11-Emad didn't take his keys with him. He )could have seen-could see-might see-couldn't have seen( them on the table.12-This )may-can't-must-could( be his car. He's too poor to afford such an expensive car.13-Sami isn't here. He )must-can-ought-should( have gone home to study for the test tomorrow.14-Ahmed is a professor of Surgery. He must )be-have been-have-had been( very clever at school.15-He )must have-can't have-might-can( have missed his train. He's usually late.16-His watch )must-might-can-can’t( have cost a lot of money. It’s made of plastic.17-It )can’t have-will have-must have-didn’t have( been very windy during the night. There are branches all over the ground.18-Tunnelling under the Nile )must have-may have-can’t have-might have( been easy. I’m sure it was difficult.19-My father )didn’t have-won’t have-shall have-must have( walked to work this morning. His car is still in the garage.20-He can’t walk. He )must-mustn’t-shouldn’t-won’t( be ill.21-He spends so much money. He )can’t-shouldn’t-must-won’t( be rich.22-You )can’t have-must have-should have-will have( finished that book already. You bought it only yesterday and it is very long.23-He )can’t have-mustn’t have-must have-should have( been injured. There was blood on his face.24-The streets are wet. It )must rain-can’t rain-must have rained-should have rained( last night.25-I can’t find the theatre tickets. They )must have fallen-can’t have fallen-had to fall-mustn’t have fallen( out of my pocket.4) Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly:

1- He must have failed the exam. He looks very happy.2- That house must have been build a few years ago.3- He couldn’t have catch the bus. 4- Samy must have been at school. He was in Alexandria.5- You’ve just had lunch. You mustn’t be hungry already.6- I didn’t hear the phone. I can’t have been asleep.7- Ali hasn’t contacted me. He must have got my message.8- A: I can’t find my bag anywhere.

B: You might have leave it in the shop9- There can’t have been a sandstorm. The streets are covered in sand.10- She might have ring me early this morning.11- He has three cars and a villa. He must be very poor.

104

Exercises

Place: ……………….Speaker A:………….Speaker B:………….Function :……………

Place: ……………….Speaker A:………….Speaker B:………….Function :……………

12- You can’t be joking. I can’t possibly lend you that sum of money.13- Emad didn’t take his keys with him. He must have seen them on the table.14- You can’t be Fahmy. I met you at a language conference in Cairo years ago.15- Ali was not at the meeting. He must have read my e-mail.

Test 7

1) Respond to the following situations:1-Hesham offers to go the doctor's with you , but you can't take him on your own.2-You don't have any sugar left. Explain why you are going to the supermarket.3-You're at Hazem's house and you're late for home. He wants you to stay with him but you apologize.4-A friend asks your opinion about a film director he likes. You don't agree with your friend.2) Supply where these situations take place and who the speakers are : 1- A: Do you remember what happened?

B: No, I just remember waking up in the road.A: How do you fell now?B: Not too bad. Will I have to stay here tonight?A: We are not sure yet. We will have to check you have no broken bones.

2- A: Excuse me. I need to find out about modern farming in Egypt for a university project.B: All the information on agriculture is on the second floor.A: Thank you. Can I take any of the books out?

3) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1- If you want to ask a question , you should ……………….. your hand.

a- rise b- raise c- cut d- wash 2- It was ………………… , we can't believe or accept it.

a- think b- thinkable c- unthinkable d- rethink 3- They ………………. their train so they had to wait.

a- lost b- missed c- took d- damaged 4- The Cairo Metro is the only underground railway …………….. in the Middle East.

a- method b- operation c- experiment d- system 5- People can …………… money by travelling on the underground.

a- steal b- save c- keep d- take 6- In the past, women ………………. do certain jobs.

a- can't b- will c- shall d- couldn't 7- ……………..I ask you a few questions, please?

a- Ought b- May c- Have d- Don't 8- There is plenty of food in the world. We ……………….. feed everyone.

a- can b- won't c- have d- should have 9- He ……………………. gone to the cinema, but he preferred to watch a film on TV.

a- could have b- may have c- needn't have d- won't have 10- He worked on his bike for a long time. Finally, he ………………… to mend it.

a- could b- able c- ability d- managed 11- A small dog had somehow ……………………. surviving the fire.

a- managed to b- succeeded in c- was able d- could 12- When I was younger I …………….. stay up all night and not get tired.

a- could b- can c- was able d- managed 13- …………… you buy me some stamps, please?

a- May b- Might c- Should d- Can 14- I …………….. find my keys this morning so I got into the house through the window.

a- shouldn't b- can't c- couldn't d- might not 15- He …………….. British. He speaks English fluently.

a- must be b- can't be c- won't be d- must have been 16- I have lost one of my gloves, I must ……………… it somewhere.

a- drop b- have dropped c- dropping d- drops

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4) Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly:1-I am sure he might be an engineer.2-He must has had an accident3-He has a lot of money , he can't be rich.4-The telephone rang , but I didn't hear it , I cant have been asleep.5-It is possible , he must have taken the book.6-I am sure, he must been intelligent.5) Read the following passage then answer the questions:

Objects sometimes fall from space and hit the Earth. Although most asteroids burn up as soon as they reach the Earth’s atmosphere, some cause big craters or holes in the Earth’s surface. Scientists think that millions of years ago dinosaurs died out when a gigantic asteroid hit the Earth, causing an enormous dust cloud. The dust cloud prevented sunlight from reaching Earth so all the plants died. Animals which lived on plants soon died too because they had nothing to eat. Then big meat-eating animals like dinosaurs started to suffer because the animals they usually ate had disappeared. Dinosaurs were huge creatures and required a lot of food. Soon there weren’t enough animals for them to eat and they became extinct.

Asteroids are not the only things that fall from the sky. There have been reports throughout history of showers of dish, frogs and even sheep. The Greek writer Aeschylus was killed when a tortoise fell from the sky and hit him on the head. Eagles like to eat tortoises, but they find it difficult to break their tough shells. They sometimes pick them up, fly high into the sky and drop them on rocks so that the shells break and they can get at the tortoise inside. Aeschylus was bald and a passing eagle mistook his head for a rock.

A) Ans w er the following questions: 1.What happens when asteroids hit the Earth?2.Why do eagles drop tortoises on rocks?3.How do scientists think that an asteroid caused the extinction of the dinosaurs?B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:4.The underlined pronoun “them” refers to…………………………………………..

a( tortoises b( eagles c( objects d( winds5.A passing eagle thought Aeschylus’s head to be…………………………………

a( an asteroid b( a dinosaur c( a tortoise d( a rock6) Read the following passage, then answer the questions:

Every one has heard of Bill Gates , one of the richest and most successful people in the world. Microsoft , the business he started with a friend in 1975 , has become the world's largest computer software company. At school Bill soon showed that he was very intelligent, and especially good at Maths and Science, His parents decided to send him to Lakeside , the private school where he first began to use computers. 13-year-old Bill and his school friend Paul Alien were soon spending all their time writing programs and learning about computers instead of doing their schoolwork ! After finishing school in 1973 , Bill went to Harvard , America's most famous university .

The next year , he and Paul Alien wrote an operating program for the Altair , one of the world's first micro computers. The two friends started Microsoft in 1975 . Since then , the company has continued to grow , producing most of the world's leading PC software. One reason for his success is that Gates has always been very ambitious , and hardworking.

When he does find time to relax , he likes puzzles , golf and reading about science . He has already given huge amounts of money to charity and says that he plans to give away almost all of his wealth when he retires.A) Answer the following questions :1.Why has Gates been so successful?2.What does he do in his free time?3.What does he plan to do with all his money?B) Choose the right answer :-4.After school Gates went to the most ………………. university in America.

a( unknown b(ordinary c( well known 5.Gates and his ………………. Paul Alien started Microsoft in 1975.

a( pen friend b( colleague c( classmate D- The Novel

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Unit eight

Stevenson / Dr.

Jekyll and Mr.Hyde

7) (A) Answer the following questions: 1.What would happen if the real king was killed ?2.What did Sapt spend a long time doing?3.What did Fritz think when he saw Rassendyll again ? 4.Why couldn’t Michael teel people that Rassendyll isn’t the real king ?

B)Read following quotation and answer the questions:

“yes, an animal bit me ”1.Who said this to whom ?2.What animal did the speaker mean ?3.What would the speaker do if the animal bit again ?

C) Find the mistakes :. 1-Rassendyll's head was hit by a bullet .

2-Michael's men wanted to hide the old woman's body .E- Writing

8) Write a letter to your pen-friend Tony inviting him to visit Egypt during the summer holiday. Tell him that

you will show him the places of interest and ancient monuments . Your name is Ahmed and you live at 16, El Gehad street, Zeiton, Cairo.

F- Translation9) A- Translate into Arabic:

The Great Wall of China was built according to the emperor's orders. It was built to protect China from the raiders . It is regarded as the longest graveyard in history.B) Translate into English:

العالم أنحاء كل من السياح إليها يأتي التي العظيمة التاريخية اآلثار من الكثير مصر تملك برؤيتها. واالستمتاع لزيارتها

عظيم. هندسي عمل سمبل أبو معابد إنقاذ يعتبر

Admitيعترف Blackmailيبتز Biographyسيرة ذاتية لشخص Willوصية

Knock at /onيطرق علي )باب ( Disapproveيستنكر Permanentlyبشكل دائم Frighteningمخيف – مرعب

Professionمهنة Violentعنيف Recuperateيتعافي – يسترد صحته Terribleفظيع Respectableمحترم – مهذب Strangeغريب

Guessيخمن Rewriteيعيد كتابة Preferيفضل Worryيقلق

Recognize Lيتعرف علي Bestsellerاكثر الكتب مبيعا Bedroomحجرة نوم Demandيطالب

Complainيشكو Wrongخطأ Excitingمثير Subjectموضوع – مادة دراسية

" Treasure Island"رواية "جزيرة الكنز " Qualityصفة – ميزة Probablyعلي االرجح Legalقانوني Surprisingمدهش – مذهل Documentوثيقة Authorمؤلف Fightingقتال

Childطفل Seriousخطير Health problemsمشاكل صحية Ordinary peopleعامة الناس

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Hello English

Master

radnoceSy

eerht

yralubacoV

Disappointedمحبط Human beingsالبشر Faults Lعيوب Immediatelyعلي الفور / حاال

Abroadخارج البالد Teenagerمراهق Essay reviewsمقاالت نقدية Local libraryمكتبة محلية

Kidnappedمخطوف Questionnaireاستبيان Organize Lينظم Laterالحقا

IncludingمتضمنةFortnight Lأسبوعان Appearanceمظهر )… Once a )weekمرة كل

L L – متكررا Colleagueزميل عمل – دراسة Frequentlyكثيرا Commit a crimeيرتكب جريمة Regularlyبانتظام

Medical professionمهنة طبية Joinينضم Honestشريف – أمين Memberعضو

Behaveيتصرف – يسلك Expressيعبر عن Caseحالة – قضية Reponseرد – استجابة

Appointment اختالفDifference Personalityشخصية

Permanent دائم Temporary مؤقت Legal قانوني Illegal قانوني غير

Complain يشكو Praise علي –يمدح يثني Disapprove يستنكر Approve يستحسن

Wrong خطأ Right – correct صواب –صحيح

Permanence بقاء –دوام Permanent ثابت–دائم

permanently دائم بشكل

Blackmail )v( يبتز Blackmail )n( ابتزاز Balckmailer )n( مبتز

Respect )n- v( يحترم –احترام Respected )adj ( جليل –محترم

Respectable )adj ( مهذب –محترم

Protect )v( يحمي Protection )n( حماية Protective )adj( واقي

The light was still on L مضاءا مازال الضوءwas reading in bed السرير في يقرأ كانa respected scientists / محترم جليل عالمsail to الي يبحرbest works االدبية االعمال أفضلgood for health للصحة جيدgo back to الي يعودgo on a holiday اجازة لقضاء يذهبbelong to يخص / الي ينتميcome from a respectable family ) ( مرموقة محترمة عائلة من ينحدرsocially respectable L اجتماعيا مقبولbadly injured بشدة مصابtake longer than we thought نعتقد مما أكثر وقتا استغرقbiographical information شخص بسيرة متعلقة معلوماتknow a lot about عن الكثير يعرفwait for ينتظر at the weekend االسبوع نهاية فيtakle place in في تحدثdo reasearches into human nature البشرية الطبيعة علي ابحاث يجريuse himself for his experiments نفسه علي التجارب يجري

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Words and opposites

Expressions . idioms and prepositions

Derivatives

in conflict صراع فيdo / carry out / perform experiments on علي تجارب يجريhave a good and an evil side وشر خير جانب بهاleaving everything to ) ( لــ ممتلكاته شيء كل L ناركاwho is never seen L أبدا يري ال الذيfind it more difficult صعوبة أكثر يجدهاtell secrets about أسرار يفشي)be( sent to prison يسجن prove his ideas أفكاره يثبتthe best time for ) ( لــ وقت أنسب أفضل

Admit : agree or say that someyhing is true ,althoughg you don’t want to Biography : a book about a person’s life Permenantely : for all future time or for a very long time Profession : a job that needs special education and training .Recuperate : to spend time getting better after an illness , injury etc…Respectable : behaving in a way that people think is socially respectable or morally right Blackmail : to make someone pay you money or do what you want by threatening to tell all secrets about him Haman nature : behaviour , faults , qualities etc that are typical of ordinary people Will :a legal document in which you say who you want to give your money and property to after you die Colleague : a person you work with .

Will – well* will ) وصية – سوف )للمستقبل ( – ارادة )عزيمة * well بئر – بشكل جيد – L حسنا

Respected – respectable – respectful* respected جليل بسبب انجازات قام بها الشخص–محترم * respectable مهذب–محترم * respectful )to /of ( يظهر االحترام لالخرين

Biography – autobiography* biography ) سيرة ذاتية الحد المشاهير ) يكتبها شخص عن شخص اخر * autobiography سيرة ذاتية يكتبها الشخص عن نفسه

Complain* complain to + يشكو لشخص شخص * complain about + يشكو من شـئ * complain of + يشكو من مـرض * complain that + يشكو من جمـلة كامـلة

Tape scriptPresenter : Hello, and welcome to The Book Programme .I’d like to start by telling you something

that happened last night .As I was going to bed , I saw that my son’s bedroom light was still on . I knocked on the door and went in .My son was reading in bed . I complained that it was rather late and it was time fof him to do to sleep . I said he would be tired the next day . My son explained that his book was really exciting and he wouldn’t be able to sleep until he’d finished it .When I asked him what he was reading , he said " Treasure Island " – probably the most popular book by the writer we’re looking at today : Robert Louis Stevenson .My guest is Sally Spencer who’s writing a biography of Stevensin .Sally – could you tell us about Stevenson’s life

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Definitions

Language notes

Listening

Sally Spencer : Certainly .It’s not surprising that your son enjoyed "Treasure Island " .It was written in 1883 and has been a bestseller ever since .The author , Robert Louis Stevenson was born in Edinburgh , Scotland in 1850 .As a child , he had health problems and spent a lot of time in bed .In 1867 he went to Edinburgh University to study engineering .However, he was more interested in literature .Stevenson soon told his father that he wanted to be a writer .

Presenter : What did his father think about that ? Sally Spencer : He was disappointed because he wanted his son to have a respectable

profession .He wanted him to be an engineer like him .But he said his son could be a writer if that was what he wanted .

Presenter : Did he start writing immediately ? Sally Spencer : No, he ddin’t .In 1873 , he was very ill and his doctor told him he should go abroad

to recuperate .That’s why he went to the south of France , where he started to write essays , reviews and short stories .

Presenter : When he start writing novels ? Sally Spencer : Well , he wrote his best works , including "Treasure Island " , "Kidnapped " and

Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde between 1880 and 1887 .Presenter : Was he living in Britain during thisd time ?Sally Spencer : Yes, he lived in Britain until 1887 , when his father died .Later , Stevenson and his

wife sailed to the South Seas and visited the island of Samoa .The climate there was good for Stevenson’s health and they liked it so much that they decided to live there permanently .

Presenter : Did he ever go back to Scotland ? Sally Spencer : No, he didn’t .He stayed in Samoa and continued writing until he died in 1894 .Presenter : Thank you , Sally . I must admit , I found Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde even more exciting than

Treasure Isalnd .When my son’s read them both .I’l ask him if he agrees .

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde takes place in London in the nineteenth century. Dr. Henry Jekyll, a respected scientist, is doing research into human nature. He believes that human beings have a good and evil side and that these sides are always in conflict. Dr. Jekyll’s colleagues disagree with his ideas and disapprove of his research. So Dr. Jekyll starts doing secret experiments on himself to prove his ideas. He takes special medicine which changes not only his character, but also his appearance. For a short time after he takes the medicine, he becomes Mr. Hyde, an evil man who looks frightening, has a violent personality and commits terrible crimes. Later, friends think something strange is happening when Dr. Jekyll rewrites his will, leaving everything to Mr. Hyde, a man they do not know. They worry more when the police start asking questions about Mr. Hyde. Who is this stranger who is never seen at the same time as Dr. Jekyll? They think that Dr. Jekyll may be protecting Hyde from the place, or that Hyde is blackmailing Dr. Jekyll.Dr. Jekyll has now proved that human nature is both good and evil, but soon he starts to enjoy being Mr. Hyde. He changes into Mr. Hyde more often and finds it more difficult to change back into Mr. Jekyll. Eventually Dr. Jekyll changes into Mr. Hyde without taking any medicine and finds he cannot

change back again. This means that he cannot leave his house, because someone might see him and he might be arrested. The story ends badly for “both” characters.

Choose the correct answer: 1- My brother went on a holiday to Aswan .Now he’s decided to live there ) permanently –

permanent – temporary – temporarily ( 2- I thought the test would be easy , but I must ) deny – admit – permit – let ( I’m finding it quite difficult 3- Someone ) cooked – looked – locked – knocked ( on our door late last night , but I didn’t open it . 4- Doctors and nurses belon to the medical ) career – profession – job – occupation (

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Listening

Exercises

5- All my friends come from ver ) respect – respected – respectable – respects ( families 6- My grandfather ) recuperates – cooperates – educates – decorates ( after a long illness 7- I’m reading a new )autobiography – photography – biography – calligraphy(of William

Shakespear . He had a very interesting life . 8- Ali wasn’t badly injured in the accident , but his ) cooperation – information – corporation –

recuperation ( took longer than we thought . 9- I’ve worked in a lot of different places .Now I’d like a more ) partial – temporary – permanent –

graduall ( 10- You can find ) biographical – chemical – social – geological ( information about many writers on

the internet .11- I )accept - prove – admit – respect ( people who are honest and work hard .12- When he said sorry, it was a/an ) admission – denial – disagreement – refusal ( that he had been wrong .13- If you are a doctor , it’s very important to behave ) professional – professionally – strangely –

differently ( towards your patients . 14-She has a very nice )person-personality-personal-personally(. She's kind to everyone she meets.15-People who )commit-make-play-take( serious crimes should be sent to prison.16-He left everything to his son in his )well-shell-willing-will(.17-When my brother started his new job, all his )people-colleagues-workers-relatives( were friendly and helpful.18-If you are going to a job interview, your )appearance-acquaintance-allowance-audience( is important. You must look your best.19-Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde )takes-makes-does-acts( place in London.20-Dr Jekyll was )taking-making-doing-acting( research into human nature.21-He )did-planned-made-gave( a special medicine for himself.22-When he )gave-did-put-took( the medicine, he changed into Mr Hyde.23-The medicine )made-took-had-acted( him do terrible things.24-Human beings have a good and an evil side that are always in )fight-war-quarrel-conflict(.25-They used the photographs to )blackmail-blackjack-blacksmith-blacken( her into spying for them.26-It's only human )conflict-life-will-nature( to want the best for your children.27-I hadn't seen her for 20 years, but I )recognized-knew-understood-noticed( her immediately.28-)Person-Personally-Personality-Personnel(, I think the show is going to be a great success.29-Scientists are )doing-getting-taking-working( experiments to test the new drug.30-We were deeply )disappoint-disappointing-disappointed-appointed( about the result.31-How about )go-going-went-to go( to the swimming pool?32-If you are going to a job interview, you must look your )good-better-well-best(.33-I’d rather )have-had-having-has( orange juice.34-Some parents don’t )prove-improve-approve-agree( of their children watching a lot of television.35-I've always had an )interest-interesting-interested-interestingly( in astronomy.37-James Bond novels have been best )seller-sell-sale-sales( since they were first written.38-She suggested )go-going-to go-went( for a swim.39-You shouldn't take what doesn't belong )at-with-from-to( you.40-I’d )rather-prefer-like-hate( stay at home.41- Arab countries shouldn’t be in ) condition – confidence – harmony – conflict ( as they face the same challenges 2011يونيو 42- "It’s rather late and it’s time for you to go to sleep " The mother ) remembered – inquired – promised – complained ( that the children are still awake 2012يونيو 43- The doctor recommends that you take two weeks to )regain –recuperate - restore –recapture( before going back to work 2012يونيو 44-She is reading the )biography -blackmail -ceremony –celebration ( of Taha Hussein. He has a very interesting life. 2013أغسطس 45- As the famous man is illiterate , a journalist is writing his ) autography – autobiography – biography – biodynamics ( 2014يونيو Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly :

1-One of the boys admitted break the window.2-You can't change humane nature.3-He was sent to prison for a crime that he didn't connect.4-Confession is a job that needs special education and training.

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5-There's someone kicking on the door.6-She spent a month in the country recreating from the operation.7-The businessman left his secretary some money in his well.8-At first he denied stealing the money but he later committed it.9-It’s time we go home.10-I’d rather doing my homework.11-He is a middle-aged man of smart appear.16-I think next time we need any decorating we'll get it done professional.17-We're entertaining some colleges of Ali's tonight.18-Michael and his family have settled permanent in the States.19-She has a very nice person. Everyone likes her.20-I don’t approve about people who cheat.21-Greenmail is the act of forcing a person to pay money under threat 2012يونيو 22- Scientists agree that it’s difficult to change our humane nature 2014يونيو

Language Functions

Making Suggestions Responding to suggestions

How about + v + ing..? ..... ؟ فى رأيك ما I'd go along with that. ذلك على أوافقWhat about + v + ing..? ..... ؟ فى رأيك ما That's a good idea. جيدة فكرة من لها ياShall we + مصدر ? I'm not sure about that. ذلك من متأكدا لستWhy don't we / you / they..? .... ؟ ال لما Personally, I'd prefer.. أفضل شخصياI'd say ………….. أقول أن أود Sorry, I don't agree. .أوافق ال اسفLet's say ………... نقول فيه That's what I think دعنا أفكر ما هو هذاWe could ……….... أن الممكن ..... من I agree. أوافق

That sounds fine. رائعا يبدو هذا

: عند تحويل اي جملة من مباشر لغير مباشر يجب ان نحدد أوال ( أو أمر أوطلب question wordأو yes – no- هل الجملة خبرية ام استفهامية ) 1- فعل القول الموجود قبل " " وكيف سيتم تحويله 2 ملكية ....( وكيف سيتم تحويلها حسب المخاطب– مفعول –- الضمائر الموجودة داخل الجملة ) فاعل 3

والمتكلم - االزمنة والكلمات الزمنية الدالة الموجودة داخل الجملة وكيفية تحويلها 4

ومن هنا يمكننا تقسيم تحويل الجملة المباشر الي غير مباشر كالتالي : 1- Statemnet الجملة الخبرية

الجملة الخبرية هي التي تبدأ بالفاعل ويكون تحويلها للغير مباشر بالخطوات االتية -فعل القول الموجود قبل " " يحول حسب الجدول االتي -1

Direct Reported direct Reported say to / says to tells Say / says Say / sayssaid to told said said

ويمكننا االستغناء عنه that- نحذف " " ونضع الرابط 2 - نحول الضمائر الموجودة داخل الجملة حسب المتكلم والمخاطب الموجودين قبل " " وبالنسبة لتحويل3

الضمائر تشكل هذه الخطوة لبعض الطلبة مشكلة فالحظ معي االمثلة االتية للتوضيح Mona said to Sara " I will go to Alex …" Mona told Sara that she Ahmed said to Sami " You don’t like fish " Ahmed told Sami that he The teacher said to th pupils " You have to …" The T. told the P. that they Maher said to me " You have to do your homework " Maher told me that I had to my

L لالسماء الموجودة قبل " " نالحظ من االمثلة السابقة ان تحويل الضمائر يكون تبعا

4 ) L - نحول االزنمة والكلمات الزمنية حسب الجدول التالي ) مهم جداReported التقريري Direct المباشر Past simple ماضي بسيط Present simple المضارع البسيط Past simple / past perfect ماضي تام Past simple الماضي البسيط Was / were am / is / are

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Grammar Reported speech غير ( التقريري الكالم

مباشر )

Had Have / has Would / could / might Will / Can / May Had to Must للضرورة Must have + p.p must لالستنتاج Didn’t have to + inf Needn’t + inf the day before / the previous day Yesterday Before مدة + ago The مدة before last + مدة The following / next day Tomorrow The following + مدة Next + مدة Then Now There Here That day Today That night Tonight That This Those These

* هيا نري جملة مثال وكيفية التحويل Ex : Sami said to Osama " I went to the zoo yesterday " Sami told Osama that he went )had gone ( o the zoo the day before

* الحظ عزيزي التلميذ ان جميع خطوات تحويل الجملة لغير مباشر ال يمكن االستغناء عنها اال خطوة تحويل االزمنة ( وذلك في الحاالت االتية 4والكلمات الزمنية )خطوة

)say / says /say)s( to / tell)s كان فعل القول مضارع - إذا1Ex : Ali says to Mona " I will go to Alex tomorrow " Ali tells Mona that he will go to Alex tomorrow

L بــ2 فمني ذلك ان الجملة داخل " " now – just now – a moment ago- إذا كان فعل القول ماضي ولكن متبوعاقيلت منذ فترة بسيطة للغاية فال يجوز تحويل االزمنة او الكلمات الزمنية

Ex : Rami said now " I am writing my homework at this moment " Rami said now that he is writing hismework at this moment .

- إذا كانت الجملة داخل " " تعبر عن حقيقة علمية ثابتة ال تتغير 3Ex : The teacher said to us " The earth goes round the sun "

الحالـة الثانيـة أو الثالثـة ifشرطيـة لــ ال- الجمـل 4Ex: She said, “ If I had met him, I would have known the news.” She said that if she had met him, she would have known the news

الحظ محل االقامة .....( يمكن ان– الطول –إذا كانت الجملة داخل االقواس تعبر عن بيانات شخصية للفرد ) السن

نحتفظ بزمن الجملة كما هو مضارع او تغييره . من L وذلك حسب الغرض من say)s( – tell)s( – said – toldيمكن استخدام افعال أخري كفعل قول بدال

الجملة كما في االمثلة االتية : فى جمـل العـرض

He said, “Can I help you"? He offered to help me.

فى جمــل التمني He said to me, “Have a nice holiday".

She wished me a nice holiday.فى جمــل االتهــام

He said to the servant, “You stole my wallet".He accused the servant of stealing his wallet.

فى جمـل االقتـراح .He said, “Let’s swim "

He suggested swimming. He suggested that they should swim.الوعــد .

His father said, “If you get high mark, I’ll buy you a bike.His father promised to buy him a bike if he got high marks.

.thankedفى جمـل الشكـر يحـول فعــل القــول إلى He said to me, "Thank you very much".

He thanked me very much. agree تحــذف ويتحــول فعــل القــول إلى yesإذا جــاءت كلمـة

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He said to me, "yes, I shall go with you."He agreed to go with me.

refuse تحـذف ويتحــول فعــل القــول إلى noإذا جــاءت كلمـة She said to me, "No, I won't obey your orders."She refused to obey my orders.

إذا كانـت الجمــلة داخـل األقـواس تعبـر عــن دعـوة تتحـول كاآلتي :He said to me, "would you like to have a drink ?"He offered me a drink. OR He invited me to have a drink .

فى جمـل النصيحة She said to me " you should see a doctor " She advised me to see a doctor .

2- Question السؤال A – Yes –no question

كالم غير مباشر: reported إلى direct خطوات تحويل السؤال من كالم مباشر نحول فعل القول كما يلى-1

Direct Reportedsay / says Ask)s( / wonder)s( / inquire)s( / want)s( to know Say)s( to asks said Asked / wonder)ed ( / inquire)d( / want)ed( to knowSaid to Asked

:يمكن أن يبدأ السؤال غير المباشر بأحد التعبيرات اآلتية I don’t know – I’d like to know – Could you tell me - I have no idea

ونكتب بعدها الجملة خبرية بمعني اننا نبحث عن الفاعل ) اسم او ضمير (if / whetherــ و نربط ب" " - نحذف 2L بعد الرابط فعل مساعد الموجود في السؤال ونقوم بتحويل الضمائر حسب المتكلم والمخاطب وال نكتب أبدا

تكلم والمخاطبنغير الضمائر حسب الم -3 .- نحول االزنمة والكلمات الزمنية حسب الجدول الذي سبق توضيحه في تحويل الجملة الخبرية 4

Ex : Ola said to Soha " Are you watching TV now ? " Ola asked Soha if she was watching TV then . Ola asked Soha if was she watching TV then )x(

B- " Wh " question ولكننا في هذه الحالة نستخدم نفس اداة yes – Noنفس الخظوات السابقة في تحويل سؤال الــ

االستفهام كرابط وبعدها أيضا� جملة خبرية Ex : Mother said to Ahmed " How much sugar did you buy yesterday ? " Mother asked Ahmed how much sugar he bought the day before .

* الحظ انه نفس الحاالت الموجودة في الجملة الخبرية والتي ال نحول ازمنة الجملة او الكلمات الزمنية هي نفسها تنطبق في حالة اذا ما كانت الجملة سؤال .

3- Orders and requests الطلبات واالوامر : indirect إلى كالم غير مباشر direct خطوات تحويل الطلب من كالم مباشر

. asked / told / begged / ordered/ warned إلى said to- نحول 1 اذا كان االمر منفي not to او إذا كان األمر مثبتto- نحذف األقواس و نربط بـ 2 .to / not to- نستخدم المصدر بعد 3حسب المتكلم والمخاطب . غير الضمائر ن- 4

He said to me, "Open the door, please." He asked me to open the door. He said to me, "Don’t play with fire." He warned me not to play with fire.

* كلمة أخيرة ان* مباشر وغير مباشر جملة حل عند الطالب من الكثير تواجه التي المشكلة

ام االمتحان في تاتي سؤال االجملة تكون findاو chooseفي الجملة ان بمعنيقد والذي الصحيح االختيار تحديد التلميذ من ومطلوب مباشر الغير الي أصال� محولة

تحويل باسلوب شرحها يتم مباشر الغير قاعدة و القول فعل او الزمن يكوناسلوب من النه التالميذ بعض عند ارتباك فيحدث مباشر لغير مباشر من الجمل

لحل وكمحاولة مباشر لغير بتحويلها هو ويقوم مباشر الجملة تاتي ان معتاد الشرحللتوضيح مثال من اكثر نستعرض المشكلة هذه

Ex1 : Sara told Sameh that she ) will go – went – would go – is going ( to Aswan the following week

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that والرابط told الن الجملة محولة للغير مباشر بوجود فعل القول would goفي الجملة السابقة قمنا باختيار فعل ناقص في– مستمر – بسيط –والمطلوب هو تحديد الزمن الصحيح بالطبع سنقوم باستبعاد اي زمن مضارع )تام

فبالتالي يكون الزمن مستقبل محول في next week التي كانت في المباشر the following weekالمضارع ( ووجود would + infالغير مباشر الي

Ex 2 : Omar said just now that he ) has – is having – was having – would have ( a party tomorrow علي الرغم من الجملة غير مباشر والطبيعي ان نختار is having* في الجملة السابقة قمنا باختيار

بعد فعل القول تجعلنا ال نحول ازمن الجملة وال just nowالزمن الدال علي ماضي ولكن وجود الكلمات الزمنية .

Ex 3 : Maha asked Leila ) if – that – to – when ( go to bed early . لوجود فعل في المصدر بعد ) ( وهذا يعني انها جملة طلب او امر وليست سؤال او to* اخترنا الرابط

جملة خبرية

Choose the correct answer: (WB - SB ) 1- She complained that she ) waits – had waited – has waited – waiting ( for more than half an hour 2- They promised that they ) will phone – phoned – would phone – phone ( as soon as they arrived 3- He admitted that he ) had arrived – arrives – has arrived – was arriving ( late the night before . 4- She explained that she ) hopes – hope – was hoping – hoping ( to come and see me the following

week 5- He agreed he ) won’t – wouldn’t – don’t – didn’ ( tell anyone what I had said 6- He asked me if ) I know – did I know – have I known – I knew ( that his sister had been ill 7- We wanted to know what ) did they think – had they thought – they thought – they think ( of this

idea 8- Nadia wanted to know if I ) am doing – was doing – do – will do ( anything interesting at the

weekend 9- Rahma asked Nour ) if – to not – to – that ( phone her before she comes 10- I said he ) will be – is – was – would be ( tired the next day 11- My son explained that his book ) is – were – would be – was (really exciting 12- Mom asked her son ) what was he – what he is – what is he – what he was ( reading 13- He said he wouldn’t be able to sleep until he ) finishes – has finished – is finishing – had finished (

the story 14- The surgeon said that he )does-will do-did-had done( the operation that morning.15-He )told-asked-said-wondered( me that he had forgotten my name.16-The mother said that she )is-was-has been-are( busy that night.17-Dalia said that she )is doing-did-had done-was doing( her homework then.18-He )said-told-asked-advised( me where I had been.19-Ali ) wondered – said - said to – told ( his son had bought a car the day before.20-Ola told me that she ) would – will – had – had ( visit Tanta the following day.21-The teacher told his students that The Nile ) ran - had run - will run – runs ( in Egypt.22-Aya ordered Maha ) to – if – whether - not to ( make noise in the class.23-Do you know where ) Dina went - did Dina go - Dina had gone - had Dina gone ( the previous day.24-The police ) told – warned – wondered – wandered ( people from the deadly spiders.25-He asked me where I ) stay - did I stay - was staying - am I staying ( then.26-I want know how ) you helped - have you helped - do you help - had you helped ( her.27-He said that he ) will visit – would visit – is visiting – visited ( his friend the following day.28- Samia asked Hala )unless - whether – without - except ( she was doing anything the next day . 2011يونيو 29-Monira has just told Amira that they )would go - have gone - were going - are going( to their friend’s wedding tonight . 2011أغسطس 30- Mahmoud promised he would not tell anyone what (had I -I had -have I -I have ( said. أغسطس 201231-Ahmed asked me where )I had gone -I went -had I gone - did I go( the day before . 2012يونيو 32- At the wedding party yesterday , the bride said ) today was – that day was – yesterday had – that

day had ( the happiest day in her life 2014يونيو Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly :

1- He said he’ll see me the next day.

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Exercises

Place: ……………….Speaker A:………….Speaker B:………….Function :……………

Place: ……………….Speaker A:………….Speaker B:………….Function :……………

2-Dalia said she’s doing her homework then.3-The inspector asked him weather he always caught such an early train. 4-He asked me when would the next exam take place.5-She promised that she will be home the next morning.6-He agreed he would not tell anyone what I have said.7-Nadia wanted to know if was I doing anything interesting at the weekend.8-They said they were planning to study medicine next year.9-He agreed that he will perform the operation the following day.10-He told me that he has visited his uncle the day before. 11-He said that he'd do it today.12-I don’t know why are they buying a new house.13-He asked me if would I like to run your own business.14-Mother asked the children if they have eaten all your food.15-He said to me, "What you are doing now?" 16-He asked me if I went to the club the day before. 17-He asked me that give me some money.18-He asked the children to not talk while eating.19-My father advised me not to waste my time.20-He asked me what had I bought the day before.21-He wanted to know how would I feel about working in Luxor. 2013يونيو 22- She wanted to know why had he been angry the day before 2015يونيو

Test 8

1) Respond to the following situations:1.You're doing a project on wildlife. Ask a friend of yours for more information.2.You advise a friend of yours not to eat too much.3.Salem believes that fresh fruit and vegetables are good for health. Express your opinion.4.Reham eats food with too much salt in it.2) Supply where these situations take place and who the speakers are : 1- A: Can I find a book about Robert Louis Stevenson? B: Of course it is on the shelf on the right corner.

A: Thank you

2- A: Your tickets please. B: here you are . B: Your seats are no 43 and 44 at the last row. A: When does the show start?3) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1.He suffers from many ---------------- problems .

a- healthier b- healthy c- health d- wealth2.This story was a ---------------------- for two years.

a- absent b- bestseller c- bookseller d- fruit seller3.----------------------- means to take something from someone for silence.

a- blackmail b- borrow c- lend d- laugh4.The young boy was ---------------------- of the huge man.

a- frightening b- fright c- frightened d- bright5.My uncle visited Aswan buy now he has decided to live there ----------------------

a- temporarily b- permanently c- by chance d- fantastically6.Someone ------------------------ on our door last night , but I didn't open it.

a- broke b- knocked c- took d- booked7.He left all his savings to his son in his -----------------

a- hand b- will c- memory d- fan8.All my friends come from very --------------- families.

a- respectable b- evil c- devil d- unrespectable

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9.The police made him -------------------- his crime.a- confess b- say c- commit d- admit

10. He said that he ------ his friend the following day.a- will visit b- would visit c- is visiting d- visited

11.He said that he ------------------ her playing the piano.a- had seen b- has seen c- will see d- can see

12.I asked her if -------- use the new camera.a- I could b- could I c- can I d- are I

13.Farouk asked Osman why --------- late.a- was he b- are you c- is he d- he was

14.The teacher said, " Where ------------- , Hazim ?"a- your book is b- is your book c- the books are d-your books were

15.Samir --------- that the helicopter was flying high.a- told b- said to c- asked d- said

16.Karim ------------Nour if there was sugar in the cup.a- asked b- told c- said d- talked

4) Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly:1. He wrote his biography before he died.2. He used to complain to pain in heart.3. I asked him what was he doing.4. She asked me weather I had watched the DVD.5. He told that it was a busy day.6. He says that he was taking his brother to the airport.5) Read the following passage then answer the questions:

A student passed all his school examinations and then went to a college to continue his studies. There, he enrolled in a course in geography. But after the first lecture, he didn’t attend any more lectures. The geography lecturer noticed this student was always absent and that he had changed to another course, so he was very surprised when he saw the boy’s name on the list of students who wanted to take the geography examination at the end of the year.The lecturer had prepared a difficult examination paper, which followed his lectures very closely, and he was eager to see how this student answered the questions. He expected that his answers would be very bad, but when he examined the answers, he found only one small mistake. So he sent for the student to question him. When the student had come, the lecturer told him that he was curious to know how he was able to find only one little mistake although the student came to the first lecture and he was absent from all the others.To his great surprise, the student told him that he would not have made that mistake if he hadn’t been confused by his first lecture.A- Answer the following questions :

1. Why was the lecturer surprised when he saw the student’s name on the list?2. What made the lecturer prepare a difficult examination?3. Why had the student made a mistake in his examination paper?B- Choose the correct answer :

4. The student mentioned in the passage must have been very ……………………. .a( curious b( stupid c( clever d( impatient

5. The underlined words “the others” refer to ………………. .a( the questions b( the lectures c( the students d( the professors

6) Read the following passage, then answer the questions: It is true that men have invented a lot of useful things; the alphabet, machines, rockets and so

many other things. But scientists and archaeologists now agree that women invented one very important thing which has changed history. They invented agriculture. Before the invention of agriculture, men were hunters. They went out every day. Sometimes they killed animals, sometimes animals killed them. Life was difficult and dangerous. Women had to go out every day too. They collected roots, fruit and grass. One day, more than 10,000 years ago, a woman dropped some grass seeds. She dropped them near her home. They grew and the first wheat was born. The idea grew, too. Women planted roots and fruit trees. Then they could stay at home and look after their children and their animals.

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Archaeologists think that women kept the first domestic animals. Then their husbands did not have to go hunting for meat. They stayed at home. They built villages and cities. Civilization began. Men began civilization after women had invented agriculture.A) Answer the following questions: 1. Who proved that women invented agriculture?2. How did the early man get his food?3. What was the first crop cultivated by women?B. Choose the correct answer: 4. An archaeologist is a person who studies …………….

a( animal life b( agriculture life c( geological life d( buried remains of ancient times5. The underlined word “they” refers to …………..

a( women b( seeds c( men d( animalsD- The Novel

7) (A) Answer the following questions: 1-Why was Sapt sure that the Duke wouldn’t harm the king ?2-What plan did Rassendyll make ?3-Why did Rassendyll want to be in a good relation with the princess ? 4-Why couldn’t Michael enter the room ? B)Read following quotation and answer the questions:

“They’ll do whatever Michael asks them to do .”1-Who said thid to whom?2-What does "they " refer to ?3-What might Michael ask them to do?C) Find the mistakes :

1-Streets were quiet as people were resting after the wedding ;2-Half of the Ten were in Strelsau.

E- Writing8) Writing a letter:

Your uncle has promised to give you a large sum of money as a reward for passing an examination. Write a letter thanking him and explaining how you propose to use the gift.Your name is Amer and you live at 25, El Galaa street, Mansoura.

F- Translation9) A- Translate into Arabic:Dr. Jekyll has now proved that human nature is both good and evil, but soon he starts to enjoy being Mr. Hyde. He changes into Mr. Hyde more often and finds it more difficult to change back into Mr. Jekyll.

B) Translate into English:

؟ سري كعميل تعمل أن تحب * هل . L وصبورا متعاونا تكون وأن اآلخرين مشاعر تحترم أن * يجب

شك Natureطبيعة Definitelyبال

علمية ( Naturalطبيعي Degreeحرارة ) –درجة

ساخن Centigradeمئوية مياه Geyserنبع

Volcanoبركان Give outيخرج

الجوي كهربية Atmosphereالغالف Electrical stormعاصفة

الحية Warnيحذر Human beingsالكائنات

يصدق ال Absorb / take inيمتص Incrediblyبشكل

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Hello English

Master

tinUenin

radnoceSy

eerht

ehT fo rewop

erutan

yralubacoV

Absorbentماص Resultنتيجة

كسوف / Thunderالرعد Eclipseخسوف

الجوية Harmfulضار Weather forecastالنشرة

للبركان ( ) –يثور Sightالبصر Eruptينفجر

البنفسجية Destroyيدمر فوق Ultraviolet raysأشعة

علي Cloudسحابة Depend onيعتمد

Distanceمسافة Discoverيكتشف

safelyبامان Planetكوكب

شمس Clearصافي –واضح Sunglassesنظارة

مشدد –مضغوط للنطق( )

Stressed قدرةAbility

Informيعلم –يخبر Towardsباتجاه

االقتصاد ) Cause )ofيسبب –سبب Economicsعلم

دولة ( Droughtجفاف Economyشركة ) –اقتصاد

Damageتلف Lightningالبرق

Skinجلد Northernشمالي

Go darkerتظلم Occurيحدث

والجزر Phenomenonظاهرة Tideالمد

االمطار ) Seem )to+infيبدو Rainfallتساقط

Disappearيختفي Southernجنوبي

معتاد / طبيعي passيمر Unusualغير

Soilتربة Surpriseيتفاجيء –مفاجأة

القمر Enoughكافي Lunar eclipseخسوف

Volcanicبركاني Pieceقطعة

Giantعمالق Expertخبير

االصفر Speedسرعة The Yellow Riverالنهر

رياح Aroundحوالي Windyبه

الشمس Freezeيتجمد Solar eclipseكسوف

الرياح / Antarcticجنوبي ال مطارد Storm chaserمتعقب

Descriptionوصف Averageمتوسط

قياسي –يسجل Floatيطفو Recordرقم

هوائي Draughtمسودة –تيار

take in , absorb يمتص give out يخرج float يطفو sink يغرق –يغوص

disappear يختفي appear يظهر ability قدرة disability القدرة عدم

Natural طبيعي artificial صناعي

Economics )n( االقتصاد علمEconomy )n( ( دولة شركة (–اقتصاد

Economist )n( اقتصاد عالمEconomise)v( يقتصد

Economic )adj ( ( وضع حالة (–تقرير –اقتصادي Economical )adj ( ) ( المصروفات في مدبر اقتصادي

Destroy )v( يدمر Destruction )n( دمار Destructive )adj ( مدمر

Safe )adj ( امن Safely )adv( بامان

Erupt )v( يثور–) ( للبركان ينفجر Eruption )n( ثورة

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Words and opposites

Derivatives

Safety )n( امان

Eclipse : when the sun or the moon seems tro disappear because one of them is passing between the other and the earth .Geyser : a hole in the Earth from which hot water can rise Harmful : causing damage Sight : the ability to see Ultraviolet rays :light which can make people’s skin go darker Phenomenon : something that happens or exists especially something that is unusual or difficult to understand .Drought : a long period of dry weather when there is not enough water .Lightning : a bright flash of electrical light in the sky during a storm .Northern : in or from the north part of a country or area .Rainfall : the amount of rain that falls on an area in a particular period of time .Southern : in or from the south part of a country or area .

)be( able to يكون قادر علي have the ability to لديه القدرة علي what exactly is the sun ما هي الشمس بالضبط That’s incredible هذا ال يصدق we do have this information نحن لدينا )بالتاكيد ( هذه المعلومات can be very harmful to لــ L are absorbed من الممكن ان يكون ضاراin the atmosphere تمتص في الغالف الجوي warn )someone( about يحذر شخص بخصوص incredibly strong never look straight at قوي بشكل ال يصدقL مباشرة ناحية لديه have problems with ال ينظر أبدا a ball of light = ball ) يعاني ( مشاكل منlightning ) كرة من الضوء ) كرة البرق in the fourteenth century في القرن الرابع عشر disappeared beneath the sea ) اختفت تحت البحر )الماء killed more than قتلت the worst flood in history أكثر من is becoming more common أسوا فيضان في التاريخL وهذا this causes serious droughts اصبح اكثر اعتيادا عصر جليدي بسيط a little Ice Age يسبب حاالت جفاف خطيرةthe windiest place للرياح L 64اكثر االماكن هبوبا kilometres an hour 64 كيلومتر في الساعة so )adj ( that لدرجة ان جملة L جدا lift people off their feet يطير الناس من علي االرض give an explanation for لــ–يعطي تفسيرا L give an مبرراexplanation of لشيء ليفهمه االخرون ) L L ) توضيحا came يعطي تفسرياinto sight يصبح في مجال الرؤية put / expose their lives in danger يعرض حياته للخطر find out as much as you can اكتشف بقدر ما تستطيع block out the light from the sun تحجب ضوء الشمس he was caught in the storm لحقت به العاصفة the shadow of the moon ظل القمر water runs off the land into the river تجري المياه علي االرض الي النهر on the surface of the earth علي سطح االرض easy to follow سهل التتبع

lightning – lightening* lightning برق * lightening تنوير

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Defintions

Expressions , idioms and prepositions

Language Notes

South – southern – southerly* south ) جنوب )اسم ( - نحو الجنوب ) ظرف - Aswan is in the south of Egypt - He moved south for 2 hours * southern جنوبي ) صفة ( وتتبع باسم - Aswan is in southern Egypt .* southerly نحو الجنوب ) لتسير لالتجاه او الحركة ( صفة / ظرف - She drove in a southerly direction - They moved southerly .

Occurrence – phenomenon* occurrence بانه معتاد او نادر الحدوث ( وتكون ظاهرة عادية بعد أحداث –حدث L حدوث )توصف غالبا معينة* phenomenon نفسية ( تستحق الدراسة والبحث–ظاهرة ) طبيعية

Sight – the sights* sight الرؤية–البصر * the sights المعالم السياحية

any more no longer* no longer ) لم يعد ) يكتب الفعل معها في االثبات - He no longer plays football * any more ) لم يعد ) يكتب الفعل معها في النفي - He doesn’t play football any more

Tape ScriptAmena : We’ve been learning that some people are afraid that the light from the sun might go out

permanently during an eclipse.Professor: Really? Well, that couldn’t happen, of course. But people are right to think that the sun’s

very important.Shahd : Yes that’s right. If we didn’t get heat and light from the sun, there would be no life on

Earth, would there?Professor: Definitely not! Human beings have always understood this.Shahd : So, what exactly is the sun, Professor?Professor: It’s a giant ball of hot gases, which is 150 million kilometres from the Earth.Amena : Wow! As far as that! Do we know how hot it is?Professor: Yes, we do have this information. The surface of the sun is

about 6,000 degrees centigrade, but if you took the temperature at its centre, you’d find it was more like 15 million degrees.

Shahd : That's incredible.Professor: The sun gives us heat and light, which we eat, but it also gives out x-rays and ultraviolet

rays, which can be very harmful to life.Shahd : Really? Can you explain why they don’t harm us, then?Professor: I’ll try and explain. Most of these rays are absorbed in the atmosphere, so they aren’t able

to affect us. But I ought to warn you about one very important thing.Shahd : What that?Professor: The sun is incredibly strong and you should never look straight at it. If you look at the sun,

you’ll damage your sight.Shahd : Is it OK if you look at the sun wearing sunglasses?Professor: No, I’m afraid it’s not. A friend of mine thought that, but he now has problems with his

eyes. If he hadn’t looked at the sun, he wouldn’t have damaged his sight. Just remember, never look at the sun.

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Listening

The Power of Nature For most people, the word weather means the sun, rain, wind or snow. If you live in

southern Europe or Africa, you know that temperatures are higher and there is less rain than if you live in northern Europe or Canada. It is unusual for a weather forecast to surprise us.

However, strange weather can occur all over the world. For example, people have seen giant pieces of ice falling from the sky. And what would you think if you saw a ball of light as big as a football on a plane, or floating through your home? Weather experts called these ball lightning.

Some storms are very unusual and may cause terrible damage. The English town of Dunwich was once an important port, but in the fourteenth century, high waves and violent storms hit the area and most of the town disappeared beneath the sea. The worst storm in Britain, in 1703, killed more than 8000 people. The worst flood in history was in 1887 in China when the Yellow River flooded and killed around a million people.

Unusual weather is becoming more common, with very high or low temperatures and very heavy rainfall all over the world. This causes serious droughts in some places and floods in others. However, this is not a modern phenomenon: in Europe in the eighteenth century, there was a Little Ice Age when rivers like the River Thames in England froze.

What will happen to our weather in the future? No one really knows, but one day ‘unusual’ weather may not be unusual anymore.

Choose the correct answer: (WB – SB ) 1- Life on the earth depens on heat and light from the ) moon – sun - eclipse – geyser ( 2- The sun is made of hot ) rocks – petrol – gases – liquids ( 3- The atmosphere ) absorbs – eats - -drinks – hurt ( most of the sun’s harmful rays . 4- You can’t look at the sun ) safe – safety – save – safely ( even if you are wearing sunglasses 5- When the sun or the moon seems tro disappear because one of them is passing between the

other and the earth this is called ) eclipse – lightning – tide – thunder ( 6- A /An ) hall – well – injury – geyser ( is a hole in the earth from whih hot water can rise . 7- ) Hear – Smell – Sight – Touch ( is the ability to see . 8- The best thing about our holiday to Iceland was our visit to see the ) water – geyser – earth –

sun ( 9- It it rains so hard that the soil cannot ) take – give out – absorb – give ( the water quickly enough

, there are floods . 10- When there is a/an ) eclipse – tide – echo – idea ( of the sun , everything goes dark and the

birds stop singing . 11- You cannot see ) red – violet – pink – ultraviolet ( rays , but they can still damage yor skin . 12- She doesn’t need to wear glasses .There is nothing wrong with her ) hearing – smell – taste –

sight ( 13- Scientists are not sure what ) reason – because – cause – case ( volcanoes to erupt . 14- Greece and Spain are in ) south – southern – southerly – north ( Europe . 15- An eclipse of the sun is a strange natural )phenomenon-sight-response-view ( 16- It has not rained here for five months. It is the longest )draught-drought-draft-doubt( anyone can

remember. 17-When I was a child, I used to be afraid of storms. I covered my eyes so that I could not see the

)fighting-lighting-lightning-sighting(.

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Reading

Exercises

18-Very )tall-huge-high-big( temperatures can make people ill. 19-The city was destroyed by high waves and )cruel-violent-hard-severe( storms. 20-)Big-Strong-Heavy-High( rain and strong winds destroyed buildings all over the country. 21-Storms can cause )cruel-serious-strong-high( damage. 22-Denmark is in )north-northern-northerly-forth( Europe. 23- Some people are afraid that the light from the sun might go ) in – out – at – off ( 24- Without heat from the sun there would be no life ) in – for – of – on ( the earth . 25- The sun ) takes in – absorbs – gives out – gives up ( x-rays and ultraviolet rays . 26- Ultraviolet rays can be very harmful )in – to – at – of ( life 27- The sun ) takes – makes – does – gives ( us heat and light . 28- Sami, can you explain ) how – what – why – when ( you didn’t do the homework ? 29- The absorbed rays in the atmosphere are not able to ) defect – affect – effect – infect ( us . 30- People should never look straight ) in – at – for – with ( the sun . 31- Is it OK if you look at the sun ) wearing – wear – to wear – wears ( sunglasses ? 32- Some people like to live in ) north- northly – northern – south ( Europe . 33- Sometimes the weather forecast ) comprises – surprises – economises – surprising ( us 34- In place where temperature is higher there is ) more – less – much – many ( rain . 35- Some storms re unusual and may ) reason - case – cause – why ( terrible damage . 36- Because of the high waves , most of the town ) disappeared – appeared – appealed –

discovered ( beneath the sea . 37- The river ) floated – sank – folded – flooded ( and a lot of houses were destroyed . 38- In some African places , people suffer from serious ) draughts – droughts – dry – laughter ( 39- When there was an Ice Age , some rivers ) froze – breeze – sneeze – squeeze ( 40- Some experts think that unusual weather may not be unusual ) no longer – any more – no way –

nowhere ( 41- The wind is so strong that it can lift people ) off – of – in – on ( their feet . 42- Could you give me an / a ) reason – explanation – exploration – excavation ( of the solar eclipse 43- Storm ) hunters – killers – lovers – chasers ( are people who find and follow storms . 44- When you close the window , you will block ) in – on – out – from ( the light from the sun . 45- Today , it’s very hot it is about 45 ) temperature – marks – points – degrees ( . 46- ) Globally – Generally – complete – Current ( most of us like quietness and piece . 47- Eclipses ) take – occur – make – do ( from time to time . 48- He can’t see as he had lost his ) sights – signs – sight – light ( 49- ) Petrol – Oil – Waves – Sun ( can supply electricity , but they can drown and kill people . 50- Greed is part of ) humane nature – human being – human nature – animal’s natural ( 51- Watr runs ) in – off – at – on ( the land into the river . 52- Lightning is a natural , but dangerous ) sight - view - phenomenon – eclipse ( 2011أغسطس 53- )Wind followers -Storm Chasers - Weather forecasters - Climate researchers( not only study storm but they also follow and understand them . 2012يونيو 54-) An eclipse - Wind -Thunder – Lightening ( occurs when the moon disappears, and passes between the sun and the earth. 2013يونيو 55- An eclipse of the sun is a strange natural )superstition -phenomenon–tradition-custom( 2015يونيو Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences , then write them correctly : 1- Alexandrain is in the northern of Egypt . )WB( 2- Electrical storm are a common occur in our part of the country )WB( 3- Those trees have grown phenomenon tall in the last tw years )WB( 4- Where we live , the wind usually blows in a south direction )WB( 5- Life depends on the heart and light from the sun . 6- If we look straight at the sun you will damage your site . 7- The teacher warned us to a very important thing . 8- A friend of mine has now prblems to his eyes . 9- I asked one of my friends to show me what exact is the sun ? 10- The word wether means the sun ,rain , wind or snow . 11- In southerly Europe or Africa the degrees are higher . 12- Some countries face heavy fallrain . 13- Durin an eclipse of the sun it becomes light on the earth .

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Place: ……………….Speaker A:………….Speaker B:………….Function :……………

Place: ……………….Speaker A:………….Speaker B:………….Function :……………

14- What are the dangerous of chasing a storm ? 15- Don’t look at the sun , it is harmless to your eyes . 16- When a volcano explodes , it causes a lot of damage . 17- The atmosphere absorbent most rays of the sun . 18- People think that wearing sunglasses enables them to look at the sun safety . 19- If a lot of rain feels in a short time , the soil can’t absorb it .

Test 9

1) Respond to the following situations:1.Ramy always feels tired. Give him advice.2.You're asked about the weather today3.Omar who feels unwell asks for advice about food. Suggest fruit.4.You ask Hosam about the name of the book he is reading and its writer.2) Supply where these situations take place and who the speakers are : 1- A) Where are you flying to sir?

B) To London. A) May I see your ticket and passport, please? B) Here you are, sir.

2- A) Have you finished the work on my car? B) I'm afraid not. We haven't got the parts yet. A) Oh, that's a nuisance. When do you think it'll be ready?

3) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1- What has been seen ……………..….. from the sky?

a- falling b-feeling c- felling d- filling 2- Dunwich was destroyed by……………..….. waves and violent storms.

a- long b- tall c- high d- short 3- Storms can ……………..….. at any time and in any place.

a- cause b- happen c- hesitate d- paste 4- It has not rained here for five months, It is the longest …..……. anyone can remember.

a- drought b- draught c- doubt d- draft 5- To ……………..….. means to make something appear.

a- cause b- destroy c- occur d- remove 6- Unusual weather is not a modern ……………..….. .

a- atmosphere b- fantasia c- phenomenon d- phantom 7- When there is an …………. of the sun, everything goes dark and the birds stop singing

a- hurricane b- eclipse c- drought d- volcano 8- If the sun ……………..….. light and heat, there wouldn't be any life on earth.

a- wouldn’t give b- won’t give c- don’t give d- didn't give 9- If you ……………..….. a hat, your face won’t get burnt.

a- wore b- wear c- don’t wear d- didn’t wear 10- It is ……………..….. for a weather forecast to surprise us.

a- usual b- unusual c- ordinary d- common 11- If the Arctic glaciers ……………..….., the sea level will rise.

a- freeze b- melt c- smelt d- raise 12- If there ……………..….. clouds in the sky tonight, you will not be able to see the moon.

a- will be b- were c- are d- had been 13- ……………..….. is the light you see during electric storm.

a- Lightning b- Fog c- Thunder d- Mist 14- How do you think the wind …… the people who live in Port Martin?

a- effects b- reflects c- affects d- affectionate 15- Should he ………..……….. early , he will catch the bus.

a- comes b- come c- came d- had come16- ……………..….. having enough money, I can buy a car.

a- Without b- for c- In case of d- should

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4) Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly:1. Weather experts cell these balls ball lightning. 2. Some storms are very unusual and may pause terrible damage. 3. The English town of Dunwich was once an importance port. 4. If I discover a new planet, I would give it my mother's name. 5. If there was an eclipse of the sun in my country, I may definitely watch it. 6. If you looked at the sun, you'll damage your sight. 5) Read the following passage then answer the questions:

A tuk-tuk is a type of taxi with three wheels. The driver sits at the front and behind him is a seat for three passengers. Sometimes four passengers can fit into the tuk-tuk, but it is very uncomfortable! They are called tuk-tuks because of the funny sounds of their small engines. There are thousands of tuk-tuks in Bangkok, Thailand.One tuk-tuk driver is Pom Sanniwat. Pom is 52 years old and has been driving his tuk-tuk for almost 25 years. Like many tuk-tuk drivers, Pom comes from the north of Thailand. Pom's village was very poor. There was no work on the farms, so Pom came to Bangkok. He decided to become a tuk-tuk driver because it looked like fun.Pom likes being a tuk-tuk driver because he can speak to many people every day. He can also earn over $400 a month. Almost anyone can become a tuk-tuk driver. Tuk-tuks are very easy to drive. But driving a tuk-tuk has its disadvantages, too. When Pom started driving his tuk-tuk, he often got lost. Pom also has a long day. He works from 6 o'clock in the morning until 9 at night. There are many cars and buses in Bangkok, so there is a lot of pollution. The pollution is bad for Pom's health.Answer the following questions:1. Why does Pom like his job as a tuk-tuk driver?2. Why is driving a tuk-tuk bad for Pom's health? 3. What do you think of the tuk-tuk as a means of transportation? Why? Choose the correct answer:4. -------------- passengers can sit comfortably in a tuk-tuk.

a( Three b( Four c( Five d( Six 5. Tuk-tuks are ------------ in Bangkok, Thailand.

a( rare b( banned c( available d( uncommon6) Read the following passage then answer the questions below :For most of us, the idea of soup which stops us getting ill, or crisps which relax us seems like something from a science-fiction film. However, these food products known as "functional foods" may already be on your supermarket's shelves.In today's world, we all know that our diet affects our health. Therefore, food companies are taking advantage of this fact. They have already started to use ingredients in their products which will offer extra health benefits to their customers. For example, orange juice already contains vitamin C, but now you can buy orange juice with added calcium to strengthen your bones and teeth.Of course, there are people who believe that functional foods are a bad idea. They claim that products such as these can be dangerous, as people may end up taking more vitamins than they need and may damage their bodies as a result. Nevertheless, functional foods are becoming increasingly popular, and supporters feel that it won't be long before there are foods which prevent cancer, protect eyesight and much more.

A) Answer the following questions:1. Why are some people against functional foods ?2. What are the advantages of functional foods ?3. Would you like your regular meals to include functional foods ? Why ?

B) Choose the correct answer:4. Some food companies benefit from functional foods by…………….. .

a( offering extra health advantages to their customers. b( reducing vitamins in their products.c( helping customers save more money. d( helping customers consume more food.

5. A suitable title for the passage can be:…………………….. .a( "The Advantages of Functional Foods" b( "The Disadvantages of Functional Foods"c( "Functional Foods in Science Fiction" d( "A New Type of Foods"

D- The Novel

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7) (A) Answer the following questions: 1. How did Sapt decide that the king was in the castle ?2. What did Sapt and Rassendyll think about the letter ?3. Who was Antoinette De Mauban ? 4. What was Michael’s plan to get rid of Rassendyll ?B) Read following quotation and answer the questions:

“ that wouldn’t be a good idea .” 1. Who said this to whom ?2. Which idea did the speaker reject ?3. Why wasn’t it a good idea ?

C) Find the mistakes :1-Michael received a letter from Antoinette .

2-Detchard offered Rassendyll a safe journey to the gates .E- Writing

8) Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about:

“The Sun” F- Translation

9) A- Translate into Arabic: It can’t be denied that nature is beautiful. When nature is angry, it becomes man’s enemy. There are things such as volcanoes, earthquakes, floods and storms which cause great damage.

B) Translate into English:

؟ مواجهتها يمكن والبراكين العواصف مثل الطبيعية الظواهر أن تعتقد هل* استعادة األخيرة السنوات فى المصريون ويسعى الحضـارة منشـأ أنهـا دائمـا مصـر عرفـت*

.السابقة أمجادها

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structure مبني activities أنشطةbelow أسفل date / تاريخ موعدcairo tower القاهرة برج truth الحقيقةspecial خاص e-mail الكتروني بريدclose يغلق surely بالتاكيدtop قمة hide يخبيءfree L مجانا mystery غموضvisitors زوار colleague / الدراسة العمل زميلearthquake زلزال sound شيء ( )–يبدو صوتbeach شاطيء irrigate يرويvideo camera فيديو كاميرا water level الماء مستويengine محرك create / / يوفر ينشيء يخلقexplore يستكشف capital / عاصمة مال راسexploration استكشاف huge ضخمdesign يصمم thames barrier التايمز نهر حاجزarchitect معماري مهندس mind + v.ing يمانعpublic الجمهور guess يخمنaccommodation اقامة rest راحة –يستريحfantastic رائع farmland زراعية أرضacross عبر benefit / فائدة يستفيدconnected with بــ مرتبط agricultural land زراعية ارضgo round يدور fertile خصبwhole كل collect يجمعconcrete خرسانة cover يغطيmetal معدن thick mud سميك طينevil شرير corn ذرةtogether L معا dam سدlook like يشبه welcome يرحب– L مرحباclearly بوضوح go up and down والسفل العلي يذهبexport …to .... الي يصدر empty يفرغ –فارغsnow ثلج necessary ضروري

Words and opposites

Export …to .... الي من Import ….from يصدر يستوردHuge ضخم Tiny ضئيل Close يغلق Open يفتح Top قمة Bottom القاع

Expressions , idioms and prepositions

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Hello English

Master

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Go right to the top يذهب للقمة مباشرة It’s open to the public مفتوح للجمهور See right across the city يري مباشرة عبر المدينة a television tower برج تليفزيوني it was designed by صمم بواسطة at the top في االعلي / القمة pay a bit more L يدفع أكثر قليالwas damaged by an earthquake دمرت بزلزال have been to ذهب لمكان وعاد منه tell the truth يقول الحقيقة take )time ( to arrive للوصول L يستغرق وقتاhavr to be controlled البد ان يتم التحكم فيه water runs into the lakes المياه تتجه ناحية البحيرات to stop river flooding ليمنع فيضان النهر up and down the river نحو منبع النهر او المصب sea levels are rising مستويات مياه البحر ترتفع the same control system نفس نظام التحكم keep )something ( out of يحجز / يبعد عن stop people from falling in يمنع الناس من السقوط keep water in the river يحتفظ بالمياه في النهر on the two sides of the river علي جانبي النهر pass up and down يمر من اعلي السفل

Listening Tape script Adel: So, Hamid, can you go right to the top?Hamid: Yes, it’s open to the public from nine o’clock in the morning until one o’clock at night. My

parents went last week and they said the view was fantastic. They said they could see right across the city, and the river looked beautiful at night, especially when it was beginning to go dark and the city lights came on.

Adel: Do you know why it was built?Hamid: Yes, it’s a television tower. It was designed by one of our best architects, Naum Chebib. Adel: And there’s a restaurant at the top, isn’t there?Hamid: Yes, it goes round very slowly, so that you can see the whole city while you are eating.Adel: How much does it cost to go to the top?Hamid: I think it’s about twenty-five pounds.Adel: That’s not bad, is it?Hamid: No, but you have to pay a bit more if you take a video camera.Adel: Do you know how tall it is?Hamid: Yes, it’s 187 metres tall. It’s not the tallest building in the world, but when it was built in 1961,

it was the tallest concrete structure in the world.Adel: That must have been quite difficult. I thought all modern buildings had metal inside to

strengthen the concrete. And it was damaged by an earthquake, wasn’t it?Hamid: That’s right – when the city was hit by an earthquake in 1992. The damage wasn’t serious –

and it’s all been repaired now.Adel: Have you ever been to the top?Hamid: No , but I’d love to go, especially after what my parents saidAdel: Why don’t we go together? I’d love to see what the Pyramids look like from the top.Hamid: They’re fifteen kilometres away, but you can see them really clearly. If we went in the

evening, we’d see the Nile at night.Adel: Ok, Let's arrange a date and time. Reading

Controlling Floods

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In many countries, rivers that cause floods have to be controlled. There are many ways of doing this, including buildings walls along the sides of rivers so that they do not flood even when the water level rises. In some places lakes are created next to rivers so that, when the level rises, the water runs into the lakes instead of into the streets of town or cities. In other places, dams have been built to stop rivers flooding. The Aswan dam is a good example of this. In London, the British capital, many areas are below the level of the river Thames, which means that the city has to be protected from possible floods. To do this, a huge metal wall called the Thames Barrier was built across the river. Usually this stays open so boats can pass up the Thames to London or down the river to the sea. If the water in the river rises to a dangerous level, however, the wall can be raised. Between 1982, when it was finished, and 2009, the Thames Barrier was raised over 100 times. Venice in Italy has the same control system. We usually think of floods as bad and there are many examples of floods which have destroyed towns, cities and farm land. But floods can also benefit people. In the past, for example, Nile floods made agricultural land more fertile .

ExercisesChoose the correct answer 1- Too much sun can be ) respectable – harmful – unthinkable – in conflict ( 2- We ) visited – called – hit – knocked ( on the door three times , but they did not hear us . 3- Nurses are part of the medical ) profession – work – job – career ( 4- I get on well with all my ) people – workers – colleagues – relatives ( at work , but they are not

close friends 5- The accident ) occurred – took – came – caused ( at eight o’clock when everyone was on their

way to work . 6- Some visitors like to go ) write – left – wright – right ( to the top of the Cairo Tower . 7- The tower is open to the ) view – public – general – coward ( from 9 a.m to 10 p.m 8- After working hard , you ) lock – took – look – make ( very tired . 9- From our balcony we can see ) head – light – right – far ( across the road 10- When it’s beginning to go ) dark – black – bark – happy ( the river looks beautiful . 11- Our neighbour who lives in the flat ) blow – under – bow – below ( is very annoying . 12- When we moved to Cairo , we went out at night to ) explode – discover – invent – explore ( the

city 13- You need to drive very ) slow – fast – slowly – quickly ( or you’ll have an accident . 14- How much does it cost to hire a bike ? – It’s ) in – on – of – about ( ten pounds . 15- They had to ) strong – strengthen – long – strongly ( their relationships to avoid any dangerous

threats 16- The judge asked the witness to swear to ) say – know – think – tell ( the truth 17- My car is very fast , so it won’t ) make – cake – fake – take ( a long time to arrive . 18- I can’t meet you at home tomorrow , I’ll be ) in – out – to – for ( 19- No one could solve the ) problem – identity – reason – mystery ( of his murder . 20- Rivers that cause floods have to be ) connected – contacted – communicated – controlled ( 21- When water ) level – leave – lift – stage ( rises , floods occur . 22- London is the ) small – tiny – capital – second ( city of England . 23- The Aswan High Dam is a good ) exam – exclamation – example – exist ( of great engineering . 24- If the water ) raises – arouses – arises- rises ( to a dangerous level ,they put a barrier . 25- Floods can sometimed ) believe – harmful – benefit – danger ( people 26- Nile floods ) did – made – took – gave ( agricultural land more fertile for farming . 27- In the past heavy rain falls from the mountain of Ethiopia went ) on – of – into – from ( the Nile . 28- Fertile soil helps farmers to grow plants ) of – on – about – at ( all kinds 29- We arranged our ) accompany – accommodation – leaving – time ( n a hotel overlooking the Nile 30- Dr.Jekyll changes ) on – at – for – into ( Hyde more often . Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly: 1- What about go shooping this afternoon ? 2- How in earth is it possible to irrigate the desert ?

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Place……………… : Speaker A………… :

Speaker B…………… : Function…………… :

Place……………… : Speaker A………… :

Speaker B…………… : Function…………… :

3- The museum is opening to the public at certain time 4- Do you know what it was built ? 5- You needn’t pay for this present , it’s busy . 6- This building was written by a very famous architect . 7- You can find a restaurant for the top of the tower . 8- It’s a very fantastic restaurant , it goes around 9- How tall is the tower ? – I think it’s 187 metres taller . 10- We should build a wall a long the sides of the river . 11- When the level rises , the water runs in the lakes . 12- They rises a wall of concrete to stop water from flooding . 13- London is in the southern of England . 14- I think the temples at Abu Simbel were very easy to move . 15-It took me three weeks to cooperate after the operation . 16- The tunnel is 9.8 metres kilometer

1( Respond each of the following situations : 1- A friend asks your opinion about his new car . 2- your brother asks your advice about learning English . 3- Someone asks you about film which had been made from books . 4- Your friend asks you about places to visit in Egypt .2( Mention the place , the speakers and the language function in each of the following mini- dialogues 1- A- Good morning .Please sit down .Thank you for your application and CV. Could you tell me a little about the work you are doing at the moment ? B- Yes, I’m an accountant in small company .

2- A- Can I help you madam ? B- Yes, it’s my car . It suddenly broke down . A- Where is it now ? B- About fifty meters from here 3( Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d : 1- The Nile …………its banks and submerged the village . a( flooded b( dried c( rained d( damped 2- He wrote many ………..in the newspaper about plays that he saw . a( novels b( reviews c( books d( stories 3- After his success we were ………….as he didn’t study hard a( surprising b( surprise c( surprised d( astonishing 4- Please ,can you ………..your hand as I can’t see you . a( rise b( arise c( arouse d( raise 5- They don’t want to be late for school so they go to school …………a taxi a( by b( in c( on d( of 6- When he moved to his new house , he felt that he was a………….. a( foreign b( strange c( stranger d( foreigner 7- If you put a piece of wood on water , it …………. a( sinks b( floats c( drowns d( dives 8- The volcano gives some warnings before it ………. a( erupts b( blows c( explode d( bombs 9- He ……………that we should play tennis a( asked b( ordered c( suggested d( requested 10- He wondered a moment ago what time …………. a( does he get up b( he got up c( he gets up d( did he get up

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General test on units (7 – 8 – 9 )

11- Mona …………..answered the phone , because she wasn’t at home . a( must have b( can’t have c( might have d( would have 12- He’d have caught the train if he …………..early a( got up b( gets up c( had got up d( has got up 13-…………hard working , he wouldn’t have succeeded . a( Without b( In case of c( Should d( Had 14- I’m not sure Ali …………taken the money with him . a( can have b( might have c( must have d( can’t have 15- ……..he forgotten his keys , he would have entered his house a( Should b( Having c( Had d( Without 16- I didn’t find my money , someone ………….stolen my wallet . a( must have b( can’t have c( might have d( must 4( Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences , then write it correctly : 1- He travels to his work everyday by bus 2- After any operation you should cooperate 3- He said that he will watch TV that night 4- The police capture the thieves immediately . 5- She can’t have been ill , she came to school today . 6- Had played well , they would have won the match .5( Read the following passage then answer the questions :

Can you imagine life without computers? Whether in the office. school or at home, computers have become a necessary part of our everyday life .

They save valuable time and space. Time-consuming tasks, such as checking bank accounts can now be done in a matter of minutes and large amounts of

information are stored on tiny disks. We can always keep up to-date with global and current issues. Computers provide entertainment. for

instance in the form of amusing games . There are also disadvantages with the computer age. Computer

technology may progress rapidly, but machines still make mistakes. It is common for computers to suddenly crash, deleting whole files of essential

information .How often do we hear of youngsters spending all their free time in front of the computers, isolating themselves from other people

Computers are admirable tools that improve the quality of life, but only when used sensibly .

A. Answer the following questions : 1 -Why are the computers important in our life 2 -What are the disadvantages of computers ?

3 -Computers can be sometimes unhelpful. Do you agree? Why / why not ? B. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d :

4 -The underlined word "themselves" in the passage refers to , ................ a( computers b( young persons c( tasks d( classes

5 -The word tiny in the passage means very . .................. a( big b( long c( dark d( small

5( Read the following passage then answer the questions : )WB( A village in the mountains

When the people of a small island off the coast of Scotland woke up and looked outof their bedroom windows one morning, they were amazed. At the north end of theirisland, they saw mountains covered with snow and a village. The village consisted of alarge building with smaller houses around it. The reason that the people were amazedwas because none of these things had been there when they went to bed the nightbefore. This strange sight remained all day, but then disappeared when the sun wentdown. Scientists believe that they had seen the mountains and village from another

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country, 800 kilometres to the north. Experts agreed that unusual weather and light hadprobably caused this strange sight.A – Answer the following questions :.

1- What did the people see when they looked at of their windows?2- When did the village disappear?3 What did scientists think they had seen?

B – Choose the correct answer :4 How did the people feel when they saw the village?a( They were frightened. B(They were angry.c(They were disappointed. d (They were very surprised.5 How did the experts explain the sight?a( They thought people had built a new village.b (They said the islanders had not really seen anything unusual.c ( They thought it was caused by the weather.c ( They thought the village was made of snow.

7( A( Answer the following questions : 1-What does Sapt plan to do if the real King is dead?2-What does Rassendyll mean that some of those evil men should join Josef?3-Who are the Six Men? Where are they from? Why are only three in Strelsau?4-Why can't Michael come into the room when the King is there? B) Read the following quotation then answer the questions "You're mad! The plan's too dangerous!" a)Who says this to whom? b)Where are they? c)What is the dangerous plan?C) Find the mistakes in these sentences and correct them :

1-Michael's men wanted to hide the old woman's body .2-Rassendyll told the driver he had a bad tooth .

8. Write a paragraph of about 100 words about ) WB( Unusual weather you remember

8( Translate into Arabic )WB( If you live in southern Europe or Africa, you know that the temperatures are higher and there is less rain than if you live in northern Europe or Canada. It is unusual for the weather forecast to surprise us.9( Translate into English )WB(

- كانت الرياح بالقطع شديدة خالل الليل اليس كذلك؟1.احمد وعال وعدونا ان يكونوا غدا في الصباح الباكر -2

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