রমাযানের ফাযায়েল ও রোযার মাসায়েল

vmpfsbv Ifpfsqt W svfpfv mfnfsqt

1

HHHCC C dddmmmjjjfff

إن الحمد هللا نحمده ونستعينه ونستغفره ونعوذ باهللا من شرور أنفسـنا وسـيئات أعمالنا، من يهده اهللا فال مضل له، ومن X إ أن ال إله دهأشو ،له ادىلل فال هضي ال

اهللا وحده ال شريك له، وأشهد أن محمدا عبده ورسـوله . ® $ pκš‰r'≈ tƒ â¨$ ¨Ζ9 $# (#θà)?$# ãΝä3 −/u‘

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öΝä3 t/θçΡèŒ 3 ⎯tΒ uρ ÆìÏÜãƒ ©! $# … ã& s!θß™ u‘uρ ô‰s) sù y—$ sù #·— öθsù $ ¸ϑŠ Ïàtã ∩∠⊇∪ ⟨ zf©mf hf`l, nrDr ltDtsj dHdÙ jsv vmpfsbv Ifpfsqt W svfpfv mfnfsqt iansÌ hù dtJf isV ˆhQ hÙÁxkf ðsb W jsv msb msb dbsu djYc dtJfv siavBf ufso. rj susb kf si]ZsY slWqfv lfdqk¶ iaskAj mcndtsmv. snƒ kfjDslƒ ˆhQ dhswN jsv zft-mfumfzfr lfWqfk zdIsnv dhswN …{nfsr zfdm ˆ dhNsq dtJsk ðv¢ jdv zfvhDsk. jKf zfsY ˆ hƒ zbCdlk rsh dhdHâ HfNfq. zfïfr spb snƒ kWIDj slb. zfmDb. lDOG dkb hYv pfh{ zfvhDv sti mcsVf dlsq Ocdmsq Kfjfv iv ˆ[sB kfsj ufdosq hfQtfv sthfn ivfƒ zfmfv öHfND hfMftD Hfƒ-shfbslv ubA. svfpfv W vmpfsbv mk ˆjde mrfb …{nfr W …ÜDibf kKf zfb¦l-mcJv smZnmsj dOsv sp njt ufbf W mfbfv jKf ˆsk idvshdwk rsqsY, zfwf jdv kf njt mcndtsmv ufbf iasqfub. rqskf hf bkcb jKf djYc bq, ksh zsbj jKf ufbfv zfsY, mfbfv zfsY. pdlW hƒdev jsthv hxr{, khcW zfdm msb jdv sp, sjfb jKf idvkAfuA bq, ziafndÌj bq. zfwf jdv ifEj mfÛ ztnkf jfdesq hfvhfv isV sbshb; dhswN jsv vmpfsbv smZnsm. klbcv™i pdl mnduslv ƒmfm nfsrhoB sjfb ˆj bfmfspv iv -dhswN jsv vmpfb mfsn- ufmfzfksj isV swfbfb, kfrst hV …ijfv nfdLk rsh hst zfwf jdv. pf djYc dtdJ zfïfr skfmfv n§Âdóv ubAƒ. kcdm ˆƒ hƒdesj jhct jsvf ˆhQ ˆƒ zfmstv znDtfq stJj, iajfwj, iayfvj W ifEjsj zfsJvfsk shsrsñv hfnf dlW. zfïfù©mf zfmDb.

dhbDk } zfèct rfmDl IfƒpD

zft-mfumfzfr, n†lD zfvh

10ƒ mrvGm, zfwCvf 1424 dr} 13/3/2003 Jx}

vmpfsbv Ifpfsqt W svfpfv mfnfsqt 2

iaKm zLAfq dddnnnqqqfffmmm wwwsssèèèvvv kkkfff{{{iiipppGG G

zdHLfsb صيام (dnqfm)ˆv nfLfvB zKG rt, dhvk Kfjf. zfv ˆ ubAƒ jKf htf sKsj sp dhvk Kfsj -zKGf{ yci W db²Àé Kfsj kfsj صـائم (nfsqm) htf rq. mrfb zfïfr rpvk mfvqAfm (zf})ˆv ƒdkrfn …sïJ jsv hstb,

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zKGf{, (n§Àfb HCdmô jvfv iv) pdl kcdm jf…sj (sjfb iaw´ hf SjdIqk jvsk) slJ, ksh kcdm ht, `zfdm lqfmq (zfïfrv) ubA (jKf htf sKsj) dhvk Kfjfv bpv smsbdY. nckvfQ zfu zfdm djYcskƒ sjfb mfbcsNv nfsK jKfƒ hth bf.' (jc} 19/26) htf hfùtA, ˆJfsb `nWm'-ˆv zKG rt jKf htf sKsj dhvk Kfjf. wvDqskv idvHfNfq `nWm' hf `dnqfm'-ˆv zKG rt, Iuv …lq sKsj nCpGf²À ipG§À ifbfrfv, ²ÃD-nÌm ƒkAfdl pfhkDq svfpf bójfvD jmG rsk dhvk Kfjfv mfLAsm zfïfrv ƒhflk jvf. (mcm} 6/310, kfp} 9ix})

zhwA ˆƒ nQÎfq znfvkf W zw½Dtkf sKsj dhvk KfjfW wfdmt vsqsY. jfvB, diaq bhD hstb, ªsjht ifbfrfv sKsj dhvk Kfjfv bfmƒ dnqfm bq; hvQ znfvkf W zw½Dtkf sKsj dhvk Kfjfv bfmƒ rt (zfnt) dnqfm. nckvfQ pdl skfmfsj sj… oftfofdt jsv zKhf skfmfv iadk mCJGfdm ialwGb jsv, kfrst kcdm (kfv iadkswfL bf dbsq) kfsj ht sp, `zfdm svfpf svsJdY, zfdm svfpf svsJdY.« (rf}, hf}, ƒJc}, ƒdr}, nuf} 5376bQ)

`svfpf' zfdHLfdbj zsKG dnqfsmv nmfKGshfLj bf rstW ifdvHfdNj zsKG IfvnD, …lGc, dr¦lD W hfQtf HfNfq dnqfsmv ufqofq `svfpf' wède hAhrfv rq hstƒ nfLfvB ubnfLfvsBv hcUfv ncdhLfsKG zfdmW ˆƒ icd²Àjfq svfpf wèƒ iasqfo jsvdY. zfv ˆ hAhrfsv wvDqkok sjfb [dk sbƒ.

iiiCC ChhhGG GhhhkkkGG G DDD LLLmmmGG Gmmmssskkk sssvvvfffpppfff mfbcsNv ubA vmpfsbv svfpfƒ iaKm svfpf bq. jfvB, svfpf rt ˆmb ƒhflk, pf zfïfr kfzftf mfbcN nxdóv iv sKsjƒ dbsuv hf¦lfv ubA Ivp jsvsYb. dkdb jcvzfb mfuDsl hstb,

® $ yγ•ƒ r' ¯≈ tƒ t⎦⎪Ï% ©! $# (#θ ãΖtΒ#u™ |= ÏGä. ãΝà6ø‹ n=tæ ãΠ$ u‹Å_Á9 $# $ yϑx. |= ÏGä. ’ n? tã š⎥⎪Ï% ©! $# ⎯ÏΒ öΝà6Ï=ö7 s% öΝä3 ¯=yè s9 tβθ à)−Gs? ∩⊇∇⊂∪ ⟨ zKGf{, sr „mfblfvoB! skfmfslv …iv svfpf Ivp jvf rt, spmb skfmfslv iChGhkGD …©mskv …iv Ivp jvf rsqdYt. pfsk skfmvf ivsrpofv rsk ifv. (jc} 2/183) ˆ sKsj hcUf pfq sp, iChGhkGD njt …©mskv ubA svfpf Ivp dYt. zhwA ƒntfm, dJaófb W ƒqfùlD LsmGv iCshGv LmGfhtìD mfbcNvf djHfsh sjfbX iÝdksk svfpf iftb


3

jvk, kf dbdlGóv™si ufbf pfq bf. ksh ƒqfùl W dJaófbvf dbdlGó nmsq dbdlGó dudbn sKsj dhvk sKsj svfpf iftb jvk. kfWvfk W ƒÓDstv hkGmfb nQõfvÈstf sKsjW ufbf pfq sp, zfïfr kfzftf svfpfsj k]fv iChGhkGD hf¦lfslv …iv Ivp jsvdYstb. hcJfvD-mcndtsmv ˆjde rflDsn ifWqf pfq sp, mrfbhD pJb mÄf sKsj druvk jsv mlDbfq ˆstb, kJb slJstb, ƒqfùlDvf zfwCvfv dlsb svfpf iftb jvsY. dkdb kfslvsj duÎfnf jvstb, ªêf dj ˆmb dlb sp, skfmvf ˆ dlsb svfpf vfJY?« ƒqfùlDvf htt, `ˆ ˆj mrfb dlb. ˆ dlsb zfïfr mCnf W k]fv jWmsj idvÛfB dlsqdYstb ˆhQ dIvzf†b W kfv jWmsj ifdbsk Fcdhsq L¶Qn jsvdYstb. kfƒ mCnf ˆvƒ jxkÎkf Îfisbv …sÜswA ˆƒ dlsb svfpf iftb jsvdYstb. zfv snƒ ubAƒ zfmvfW ˆ dlsb svfpf svsJ Kfdj.' ˆ jKf ðsb mrfbhD htstb, ªmCnfv n¹xdk iftb jvfv hAfifsv skfmfslv yfƒsk zfmvf zdLj rjlfv.« nckvfQ dkdb ‰ dlsb svfpf vfJstb ˆhQ njtsj svfpf vfJsk zfslw dlstb. (hc} 2004, mc} 1130bQ) zhwA zfrst djkfh (ƒqfùlD-dJaófb) W mcndtmslv svfpfv mfsU ˆjde ifKGjA ˆƒ sp, zfrst djkfhvf snrvD (1) Jfq bf. dj§Â mcndtmvf Jfq. (mc} 1096bQ) klbcv™i zfrst djkfhvf ƒIkfv jvsk slvD jsv. i[f§Àsv mcndtmvf nCpG sFfhfmfÛ kdVOdV ƒIkfv jsv Kfsj. (zflf}, rf}, ƒdr}, nuf} 7689bQ) ƒbnfƒsj½fsidFqf hxefdbjfsk htf rsqsY sp, ut, hfqc, ufdk, LmG W ifdvifdw¶Gjkf sHsl svfufv dbqm-iÝdk dhdHâ rƒstW ˆmb sjfb LsmGv bfm …sïJ jvf jdEb pfrfv LmGDq dhLfsb svfpfv zfhwAjkf öDjfv jvf rq bfƒ. (hfQtf dmwjfk, ˆmlfdlqf tfƒshavD Yfif 4/264 û}) pfƒ srfj bf sjb, ˆƒ Jhsvv mfsU mcndtmslv ubA vsqsY nf§À¶bf W zfw¶fn. jfvB, ðLc …©msk mcrf©mflDv …isvƒ bq; hvQ iChGhkGD njt …©mskv …isvƒ svfpf Ivp dYt. zfv sn msb jsvƒ mcndtmslv …isvW svfpfv Hfv zsbj rfîf rsq pfq. jfvB, mcndtm pJb ufbsk ifsv sp, ˆƒ svfpf vfJfv iK rt iChGhkGD zfdìqf W k]fslv zbcofmD sbj stfjslv, kJb sn ˆƒ iK zhtìb jsv zfb¦lshfL jsv ˆhQ svfpfv sjfb jósjƒ sn dbsuv ubA HfvD msb jsv bf. (lcvf} 5ix})

(١) snrvD jKfde nfrfvDv ziëQw. ˆde شاذ يف القياس وفصيح يف االستعمال . snrvD wède …lcG zdHLfsb ifWqf pfq, dj§Â nfrfvD wède sjfb zdHLfsb ifWqf pfq bf.


ƒƒƒnnntttfffmmmDDD wwwvvvDDDqqqssskkk sssvvvfffpppfff WWW kkkfffvvv iiipppGG G fffqqqÛÛÛÁÁÁmmm mrfdhÎfb W drjmkmq mrfb zfïfrv ˆjde drjmk W zbcoar ˆƒ sp, dkdb hf¦lfv …iv sp zfslw-dbsNL zfsvfi jsvsYb kfv msLA hù dhNqsjƒ ipGfq zbcÛÁsm LDsv LDsv Ivp zKhf rfvfm jsvsYb. zbcv™i k]fv ˆj Ivp rt dnqfm hf svfpf. pf dkdb …©msk mcrf©mflDv …iv ipGfqÛÁsm djYc djYc jsv Ivp jsvsYb. spmb }-

iiiaa aKKKmmm iiippp GG G fffqqq }}}--- diaq bhD iaskAj mfsn 3de jsv svfpf iftb jvskb. zfv ˆ slsJ nfrfhfoBW k]fv zbcnvsB ‰ svfpf vfJskb. pfsk jsv svfpfv zHAfn kfslv ubA nru rsq WsE.

dddäääkkkDDDqqq iiipppGG G fffqqq }}}--- jcvfƒwlt ufsrtD pcso zfwCvfv svfpf vfJk. (hc} 1893, mc} 1125) zk}iv dkdb mÄf sKsj druvk jsv mlDbfq ˆst rpvk mCnf -ˆv zbcjvsB k]fv n¹xdk iftb jsv zfwCvfv dlsb Jch Èv¢sk¶v nfsK svfpf vfJstb ˆhQ nfrfhfslvsjW ˆ svfpf vfJsk zfslw jvstb. kJb ˆ svfpf vfJf Ivp dYt.

kkkxx xkkkDDDqqq iiipppGG G fffqqq }}}--- zk}iv svfpfv dhLfb dbsq jcvzfb jfvDsmv …ipGcÙÁ zfqfk zhkDBG rt. dj§Â ðv¢sk kJbW svfpf iCBG zfjfsv Ivp dYt bf. pfv ƒ¤Yf sn svfpf vfJk ˆhQ pfv ƒ¤Yf sn bf svsJ dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jvk. ksh svfpf vfJfefƒ zfïfrv dbje zdLj iY¦lbDq dYt. ˆ hAfifsv mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw dYt }-

® ’ n?tã uρ š⎥⎪Ï%©! $# … çµ tΡθ à)‹ÏÜãƒ ×π tƒô‰ Ïù ãΠ$yè sÛ &⎦⎫ Å3ó¡ ÏΒ ( ⎯ yϑsù tí§θ sÜs? # [ öyz uθ ßγsù Ö ö yz … ã&©! 4 βr& uρ (#θãΒθ ÝÁ s?

Öö yz öΝà6 ©9 ( βÎ) óΟçFΖä. tβθ ßϑn=÷è s? ∩⊇∇⊆∪ ⟨ zKGf{, pfvf svfpf vfJfv nfmKGA Kfjf nsÙ¶W svfpf vfJsk yfq bf, kfvf ˆv idvhskG ˆjub dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jvsh. sp hAdÙÁ JcwDv nfsK n{jmG jsv, kf kfv ubA jtAfBjv rq. zfv pdl skfmvf svfpf vfJ, kfrst kf skfmfslv ubA dhswN jtAfBianC; pdl skfmvf …itdé jvsk ifv. (jc} 2/184)

yyykkkcc cKKK GG G iiippp GG G fffqqq }}}--- zk}iv nb 2 druvDv wf'hfb mfsnv 2q kfvDJ snfmhfsv(2) iaskAj nfmKGAhfb Hfviafå mcndtsmv is[ iCBG vmpfb (3) mfsnv svfpf Ivp jvf rt. ˆ hAfifsv mrfb zfïfr hstb,

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(2) dInc} 1/383 û}

( ٣ ) vmpfb jKfde zfvhD `vfmfpfb'-ˆv ziëQw W hfQtfq ydtk v™i.


5

y‰Îκ y− ãΝä3Ψ ÏΒ u ÷κ ¤¶9$# çµôϑÝÁ uŠ ù=sù ( ⟨ zKGf{, vmpfb mfn; sp mfsn mfbcsNv dlwfvD ˆhQ n{isKv ±ió dblwGb W nkAfnskAv ifKGjAjfvDv™si jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY. zkˆh skfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb ˆ mfsn svfpf vfsJ. (jc} 2/185) nckvfQ nfmKGAhfb Hfviafå (Îfbn©iâ nfhftj) oxrhfnDv ubA dmnjDbsj JflAlfsbv dhLfb vdrk rsq sot ˆhQ hxÝ W dyvsvfoDv ubA kf hrft vfJf rt. zbcv™i (djYc …tfmfv msk) ˆ dhLfb oHGhkD W lcÊlfÛD mdrtfv ubAW hrft jvf rt; pfvf oHGjfst hf lcÊlfb jfst svfpf vfJst kfv n§Àfsbv dhswN [dk rsh hst zfwËf jsv. mcndtmslv iadk zfïfrv dhswN vrmk ˆƒ dYt sp, svfpfv hù jóHfv dkdb tfOh jsv dlsqsYb. spmb; ðv¢v dlsj ˆ svfpf Ivp dYt ˆwfv bfmfp hf vfsÛ Ocdmsq pfWqfv iv sKsj iv dlb nCpGf²À ipG§À. zKGf{, vfsÛ ˆjhfv Ocdmsq iVst ifbfrfv W ²ÃD-nrhfn rfvfm rsq spk. ˆsk mcndtmvf hV jóshfL jvsk tfostb. nmq tìf Kfjfv jfvsB k]fvf hV lchGt rsq iVskb. zk}iv mrfb zfïfrv kvI sKsj sn Hfv rfîf jvf rt. idvswsN Iuv …lqjft sKsj ðv¢ jsv nCpGf²À jft ipG§À rt svfpf vfJfv nmq. zfbnfv sofsÛv dnvmfr bfmj ˆj hAdÙÁ svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq náAf ipG§À jfu jvskb. ˆjdlb dkdb hfdV dIsv ˆsn ˆwfv bfmfp isV Ocdmsq iVstb ˆhQ sjfb iajfv ifbfrfv bf jsvƒ k]fv Iuv rsq sot. nckvfQ ˆ zh²¿fskƒ ivdlb svfpf vfJstb. zfïfrv vnCt k]fsj snƒ jdEb lchGt W dj½ó zh²¿fq slsJ duÎfnf jvstb, ªdj hAfifv! zfdm skfmfsj hV lchGt slJdY sp?« dkdb htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfdm okjft jfu jvfv iv pJb ˆtfm kJb ˆtfm. kfviv (idvwaf§À rsq) ðsq iVskƒ Ocdmsq sotfm. kfviv Iuv rsq sost zfhfv svfpf svsJ dbtfm.' (hc} 1915, nzflf} 2029bQ) rpvk …mfv ˆj vfsÛ Ocdmsq pfWqfv iv …sE ²ÃD-dmtb jsv sItstb. dkdb mrfbhD -ˆv dbje ˆsn Oebf …sïJ jvstb. zk}iv ˆƒ nshv idvsia[Dsk zfïfrv dhLfb zhkDBG rt,

® ¨≅ Ïm é& öΝà6 s9 s's# ø‹s9 ÏΘ$ uŠ Å_Á9$# ß]sù §9$# 4’ n< Î) öΝä3Í←!$|¡ÏΣ 4 £⎯ èδ Ó¨$ t6Ï9 öΝä3©9 öΝçFΡ r& uρ Ó¨$ t6Ï9 £⎯ ßγ ©9 3 ⟨ zKGf{, svfpfv vfsk skfmfslv ubA ²ÃD-ns©Hfo rftft jvf rsqsY. kfvf skfmfslv sifNfj ˆhQ skfmvf kfslv sifNfj. zfïfr ufbskb sp, skfmvf zfk¹-iakfvBf jvY. kfƒ skf dkdb skfmfslv iadk nlq rsqsYb ˆhQ skfmfslv zivfL [mf jsv dlsqsYb. zkˆh ˆJb skfmvf skfmfslv ²ÃDslv nsÌ nrhfn jvsk ifv ˆhQ zfïfr skfmfslv ubA pf (n§Àfb, wshjlv, njt ShL h²Â hf zfïfrv kvI sKsj sjfb djYcv hAfifsv zhAfrdk) dtsJ svsJsYb kf jfmbf jv. zfv skfmvf ifbfrfv jv; pk[B vfdÛv jfstf svJf rsk Iusvv nflf svJf ±ióv™si skfmfslv dbje iajfw bf ifq. zk}iv


vfk ipG§À svfpf iCBG jv. (jc} 2/187) (nzflf} 2028bQ, kƒjf} 1/291, zfnfƒ} 23-25ix} û})

nnnfffLLLfffvvvBBBHHHfffssshhh sssvvvfffpppfffvvv IIIpppDDDtttkkk

nfLfvBHfsh svfpfv IpDtk hBGbf jsv hù rflDn hdBGk rsqsY. dbsm´ jdkiq nrDr rflDn iadBLfbspfoA }- 1. rpvk zfhc ùvfƒvf jkxGj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªzfïfr zfpXpf zufï hstb, `zflm n§Àfsbv iaskAj zfmt kfv dbsuv ubA; ksh svfpf bq, spsrkc kf zfmfvƒ ubA ˆhQ zfdm dbsuƒ kfv iadklfb slh.' svfpf Tft n¶v™i. nckvfQ skfmfslv jfsvf svfpfv dlb rst sn spb zw½Dt bf hsj W UoVf-SrSy bf jsv; iv§Â pdl kfsj sj… oftfofdt jsv zKhf kfv ndrk tVsk yfq, ksh sn spb hst, `zfdm svfpf svsJdY, zfmfv svfpf zfsY.' snƒ nÙfv wiK p]fv rfsk mcrf©mslv iafB zfsY! dbÇyqƒ svfpflfsvv mcsJv lcoGá zfïfrv dbje j²ÂvDv nchfn zsi[f zdLjkv ncoámq. svfpflfsvv ubA vsqsY lc'de JcwD, pf sn tfH jsv; pJb sn ƒIkfv jsv kJb ƒIkfvD dbsq JcwD rq. zfv pJb sn kfv iadkiftsjv ndrk nf[f{ jvsh kJb kfv svfpf dbsq JcwD rsh. (hcJfvD 1904, mcndtm 1151 bQ)

2. rpvk ùpfƒIf hstb, zfdm bhD -sj htsk ðsbdY sp, ªmfbcsNv idvhfv, Lb-n©il W iadkshwDv hAfifsv Odek dhdHâ dIkbf W sofbfrv jfIXIfvf rt bfmfp, svfpf W nljfr.« (hc} 1895, mc} 144bQ)

3. rpvk nfrXt dhb nf'l rsk hdBGk, bhD hstb, ufâfskv ˆj iashwl¶fv vsqsY, pfv bfm `vfƒqfb.' djqfmskv dlb ‰ l¶fv dlsq svfpflfvoB iashw jvsh. kfvf YfVf kfslv nfsK zfv sj…ƒ ‰ l¶fv dlsq iashw jvsh bf. htf rsh, `sjfKfq svfpflfvoB?' nckvfQ kfvf ‰ lvuf dlsq (ufâfsk) iashw jvsh. zk}iv pJb kfslv nhGswN hAdÙÁ iashw jvsh, kJb sn l¶fv v¢Ý jvf rsh. Ist sn l¶fv dlsq zfv sj…ƒ iashw jvsk ifvsh bf.« (hc}1896 bQ, mc} 1152 bQ, bf}, dk})

4. rpvk zfhc ùvfƒvf jkxGj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt hstb, ª--- zfv sp hAdÙÁ svfpf vfJfq zHAfnD rsh, kfsj (djqfmskv dlb) `vfƒqfb' lcqfv rsk (ufâfskv dlsj) zfrhfb jvf rsh. ---« (hc} 1897, mc} 1027bQ)

5. rpvk zfhc nf„l jkxGj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt hstb, `sp hf¦lf zfïfrv vf²Àfq ˆjdlb mfÛ svfpf vfJsh snƒ hf¦lfsj zfïfr ‰ svfpfv dhdbmsq ufrfâfm sKsj 70 hYsvv iK idvmfB lCvsk¶ vfJshb.« (hcJfvD 2840 bQ, mcndtm 1153 bQ , dkvdmpD, bfnf„)

6. rpvk zfmXv dhb zfhfnfr jkxGj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv vf²Àfq ˆjdlb mfÛ svfpf vfJsh snƒ hAdÙÁ sKsj ufrfâfm


7

100 hYsvv iK idvmfB lCsv nsv pfsh.« (bf}, nuf} 6330bQ …jhfr rsk,k¶f} jfhDv W zfWnfk¶, nkf}975 bQ)

7. rpvk zfhc …mfmfr rsk hdBGk, mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv isK ˆjde svfpf vfJsh, zfïfr snƒ hAdÙÁ W slfpsJv mfsU ˆjde ˆmb iadkv[fv Jfl SkvD jsv slshb; pf zfjfw W ixdKhDv mLAhkGD ufqof nmidvmfB yWVf.« (dk}, nuf} 6333bQ) 8. rpvk …nmfb dhb zfhCt zfn jkGxj hdBGk, mrfbhD hstb, ªsvfpf rt slfpJ sKsj h]fyfv ubA Tftöv™i; spmb pcsÝv nmq dbsusj v[f jvfv ubA skfmfslv Tft rsq Kfsj.« (zf}, bf}, ƒmf}, nuf} 3879bQ) 9. rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf jkGxj hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt hstb, ªsvfpf rt ufrfâfm sKsj v[fv ubA Tft W lcsHGlA lcoGöv™i.« (zf}, hf} ðzfhct „mfb, nuf} 3880bQ) 10. rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfmXv jkGxj hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt hstb, ªdjqfmskv dlb svfpf ˆhQ jcvzfb hf¦lfv ubA ncifdvw jvsh. svfpf htsh, `sr zfmfv iadkiftj! zfdm Wsj ifbfrfv W spZbjmG sKsj dhvk svsJdYtfm. nckvfQ Wv hAfifsv zfmfv ncifdvw oarB jv.' zfv jcvzfb htsh, `zfdm Wsj vfsÛ dblaf sKsj dhvk svsJdYtfm. nckvfQ Wv hAfifsv zfmfv ncifdvw oarB jv.' bhD hstb, ªzkˆh Wslv …Hsqv ncifdvw oxrDk rsh.« (zf}, k¶fhf} jfhDv, rf}, ƒhsb zfdhÜcbqAfv `djkfhct uc', nkf} 969 bQ) 11. rpvk zfhc …mfmfr rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfsj ˆmb sjfb zfmstv zfÎf jv¢b; pÜ¶fvf zfïfr zfmfsj tfHhfb jvshb.' (zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, `pfv mfLAsm zfdm ufâfk spsk ifvh.') dkdb htstb, kcdm svfpf vfJ, jfvB ˆv nmkct djYc sbƒ.' icbvfq zfdm httfm, sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfsj sjfb zfmstv zfslw jv¢b.' dkdbW icb} ‰ jKfƒ htstb, ªkcdm svfpf vfJ, jfvB ˆv nmkct djYc sbƒ.' (bf}, ƒJc}, rf}, nkf} 973 bQ) 12. rpvk ùpfƒIf rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb, bhD zfmfv hcsj srtfb dlsq dYstb. snƒ nmq dkdb htstb, ªtf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr' htfv iv sp hAdÙÁv uDhsbv idvnmfdå Oesh sn ufâfsk iashw jvsh. zfïfrv n§ÂdótfsHv …sÜswA ˆjdlb svfpf vfJfv iv sp hAdÙÁv uDhsbv idvnmfdå Oesh sn ufâfsk iashw jvsh. zfv zfïfrv n§ÂdótfsHv zfwfq djYc nfljfr jvfv iv sp hAdÙÁv uDhsbv idvnmfdå Oesh snW ufâfk iashw jvsh.« (zf}, nkf} 972 bQ)


sssvvvfffpppfffvvv ………sssÜÜÜwwwAAA,,, ttt[[[AAA,,, ………iiijjjfffdddvvvkkkfff WWW ssspppZZZdddÙÙÙÁÁÁjjjkkkfff

mrfb zfïfrv 99 ˆv zdLj nc¦lv bfmfhtDv zbAkm bfm rt `zft-rfjDm.' `zft-rfjDm' zKG drjmk-Wqftf, dhÎfbmq, iaÎfmq. zfv drjmk W iaÎf rt nhGjmG pKfspfoAHfsh SbicsBAv nfsK n©iflb jvf. mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ bfsmv lfhD ˆƒ sp, dkdb pf djYc nxdó jsvsYb zKhf mfbcsNv ubA dhdLhÝ jsvsYb kfv iaskAjefv iÇyfsk zfsY idviCBG pcdÙÁ W drjmk; kf sj… hcUsk n[m srfj zKhf z[m. sp svfpf zfïfr kfzftf hf¦lfv …iv Ivp W dhdLhÝ jsvsYb kfv mfsU vsqsY zHfhbDq spZdÙÁjkf W zdy§ÀbDq …ijfdvkf. spmb }- 1. svfpf rt ˆj ˆmb ƒhflk, pfv mfLAsm hf¦lf iaHcv SbjeAtfH jvsk n[m rq. ˆsk sn iajxdkokHfsh sp dudbn Hfstfhfsn kf huGb jsv; huGb jsv njt iajfv ifbfrfv W spZbdÛÁqf. zfv ˆv mfLAsm sn dbu iadkiftsjv n§Âdó jfmbf jsv. zfwf jsv ivjfstv nfItA W shsrñXtfH. ˆsk ˆƒ jKfƒ ±ió rq sp, sn dbsuv diaq h²Âv …iv iaHcv diaq h²Âsj iafLfbA slq ˆhQ ƒrjfstv uDhsbv …iv ivjfstv uDhbsjƒ swaôk¶ slq. 2. svfpflfv pKfdbqsm svfpf iftb jvst svfpf kfsj mcÙfjD W ivsrpofv hfbfsk nrfqj rq. kfv uDhb isK kfjWqf W ivsrpofvDv zfstf dh¤Ycdvk rq. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªsr „mfblfvoB! skfmfslv …iv svfpf Ivp jvf rt, spmb skfmfslv iChGhkGD …©mskv …iv Ivp jvf rsqdYt. pfsk skfmvf ivsrpofv rsk ifv.« (jc} 2/183) nckvfQ svfpflfv svfpf svsJ kfv uDhsbv iaskAj dy§Àf, jKf W jsmG `kfjWqf' zfbsh -êfƒ hfdÒk. zfv `kfjWqf' rt snƒ zfïfr-HDdkv bfm, pfv mfLAsm hf¦lf k]fv njt zfslw pKfnfLA iftb jsv ytsh ˆhQ pfhkDq dbdNÝ jmG sKsj nclCsv Kfjsh. htf hfùtA, êfƒ rt svfpfv mrfb …sÜwA W iaLfb t[A. ifbfrfv W spZbdÛÁqf dbdNÝjvsBv mfLAsm mfbcNsj hxKf jó slWqf svfpfv …sÜwA bq. diaq bhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ svfpf svsJ dmKAf jKf W kfv …iv zfmt kAfo jvsk ifvt bf, sn hAdÙÁv ifbfrfv kAfo jvfv mfsU zfïfrv sjfb iasqfub sbƒ.« (hc} 6057, ƒmf} 1689, zf} 2/452, 505, Icdnkfpf} 6-7ix}) 3. svfpf zfk¹fsj kvdhqk lfb jsv, ydvÛsj nHA W zflwGdHdÙj jsv osV skfst ˆhQ svfpflfsvv zfyvsB …{jxókfv ²¿fqDk¶ zfbqb jsv. mcndtsmv öHfh-iajxdksk svfpf oHDvHfsh iaHfh dh²Àfv jsv. svfpfv nQswfLbD hfkGf kfv r™lq-msb kfnDv svsJ pfq. svfpflfsvv z§Àsv ˆmb ufovB nxdó jsv ˆhQ kfv msbv lcqfsv ˆmb zk¦û iarvD JfVf jsv slq sp, sn dbsuv zfk¹fsj dbq§ÃsB vfJsk n[m rq ˆhQ ˆƒ iarvDv


9

syfsJ I]fdj dlsq sjfbW Sbdkjkf-dhsvfLD jmG jvsk ƒ¤Yf W syófW jvsk ifsv bf. êf dj jsv rsk ifsv sp, svfpflfv kfv iadkiftsjv dbje nkAhfdlkfv idvyq slsh, zKy mfbcsNv nsÌ dmKAf htsh? dbsuv svfpfq zf§Àdvjkf vfJsh, zKy dbu nmfsuv nsÌ sLfjfhfuD W jiekf ialwGb jvsh? ƒJtfn W zf§Àdvjkf ˆjde nfmdoaj h²Â; pf HfofHfdo rq bf. pfv nshGf¤y ipGfq W nfvfQw rt nxdójkGf z§ÀpGfmD zfïfrv nfsK zf§Àdvjkf W dhðÝdyÙkf. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁv zfïfrv nfsK zf§Àdvjkf Kfjsh, sn hAdÙÁv s[sÛ zn©Hh sp, sn mfbcNsj sLfjf slsh, zfmfbsk sJqfbk jvsh, zivsj Edjsq Jfsh, ycdv jvsh, pctm jvsh zKhf zivsj jó slsh. i[f§Àsv pdl jfsvf yÛÁfs§À isV hf HctÛÁsm ˆ Lvsbv sjfb ifi jsvƒ hsn, kfrst nfsK nfsK sn ncisK dIsv zfsn, zfïfrv dbje kWhf jsv, zbckå rq, tdÏk rq nDmfrDb. nckvfQ svfpf rt ˆjde nclxP dHdÙv …iv ncydvÛ oEsbv …ijvB ˆhQ kf nmxÝjvsBv ubA zfHA§ÀvDB ˆj smZdtj …iflfb. zfv dhdlk sp, hfdrAj snZ¦lspGv hfrfv sjfb mCtA vfsJ bf; pdl bf zHA§Àv nclxP W muhck rq. kfƒ svfpflfsvv uDhsb kfv zfJtfj-ydvÛ ²¿fqDk¶, d²¿dkwDtkf, hLGbwDtkf W waDhxdÝwDtkfv ÈBfhtD oarB jsv Kfsj. jfvB, kfv njt zfyvB dHkv W hfƒsv sKsj dbqd§Ãk W ncvd[k rsq pfq. (Ifƒp} 224ix}) 4. svfpf svfpflfsvv zfyfv-hAhrfvsj nc¦lv jvfv jfsu hV ndÛÁq HCdmjf iftb jsv Kfsj. iCBG ˆjde mfn Lsv kfsj ifi sKsj lCsv vfsJ, dbdNÝ W rfvfm h²Â sKsj dbvfisl vfsJ. hvQ svfpf kfsj ˆj mrfb ƒhflsk mwXÈt vfsJ, rDbkf W bDykf rsk v[f jsv, iaskAj sbfQvfmDv dhv¢sÝ nQoafm jsv. nckvfQ sn bf ycotD jsv, bf oDhk. bf dmKAf hst, bf zw½Dt. bf dIkbf nxdó jsv, bf Ifnfl. bf znfv hsj, bf Iftkc. sjfb iajfsvv ififyvB kfv äfvf nQOdek rq bf. Ist iajxk svfpflfv svfpfv isvW ˆjde db°ifi W idhÛ mfbcsNv mk pfhkDq n¤ydvÛkfv ztËfsv HCdNk rsq ncJmq uDhb-pfib jvsk ifsv. (nfvf} 40ix}) 5. svfpf mb W iahxdÙsj lmb W dbq§ÃB jvfv zbcwDtb slq. duskd¦ûq W nQpmD rsk …äcÝ jsv. Ist svfpflfv kfv mb W iahxdÙsj snƒ jfsu hAhrfv jvsk ifsv; pfsk ƒr-ifvstZdjj njt iajfv mÌt W jtAfB dbdrk zfsY. zfv ˆmb zfyvB W jmG sKsj kfsj lCsv vfsJ; pfsk sn ˆjde ƒd¦ûqsnhD W ifwdhj ÈBn©iâ mfbcN hst idvdyk rsk ifsv; spJfsb sn jfmbf-hfnbf W tftnfv iahBkf sKsj kfsj v¢Jsk n[m rq bf. nckvfQ svfpf snƒ m¦liahB zfk¹fv dhv¢sÝ tVfsq dhuqD rsk mcndtmsj nfdhGj nrspfdokf jsv, sp zfk¹f nhGlf rfvfm jfsu dtå rsk yfq, zShLHfsh jfm-tftnf ydvkfKG jvsk yfq. svfpf svfpflfsvv ƒ¤YfwdÙÁsj nhGiajfv ifi W jciahxdÙv ±iwG sKsj lCsv Kfjfv `seºdbQ' slq. svfpfv mfsU vsqsY zfk¹nQpm ˆhQ jciahxdÙv lmb. zfLcdbj pcsov mfbcN zdLjfQsw dbu jfmbf-hfnbfv jfsY hV lchGt, jciahxdÙ W m¦l-


iahB sJqftJcwDv hwDHCk. zfv mbsj nht W nclxP jvsk svfpf YfVf zfv zbA sjfb …ifq-…ijvB sbƒ. jfvB, svfpflfv zkA§À [c{-diifnfq jfkv Kfjf nsÙ¶W ifbfrfv huGb jsv Kfsj. zfv db}ns¦lsr ˆ jfsu zfk¹dhw¶fn W zfk¹dbq§ÃB-[mkf nxdó rq ˆhQ nhGjfsu msbfht iaht W nclxP rq. 6. svfpf svfpflfvsj jczHAfsnv lfnk¶ sKsj mcdÙÁlfb jsv. ˆmb hù mfbcN zfsY, pfvf ˆmb hù sbfQvf zHAfsn zHAfnD rsq isV ˆhQ kfv I]fl sKsj shv rWqfv sjfb iK J]csu ifq bf. dj§Â svfpf ˆst kfslvsj slJf pfq sp, kfvf kfslv sn nm²À jczHAfnsj idviCBGv™si huGb jsv sIstsY. htf hfùtA, êfƒ rq kfslv ubA nchBG-ncspfo; pfv mfsU kfslv snƒ njt m¦l zHAfsnv iÓf sKsj dbsuslvsj nru …ifsq öfLDb jsv dbsk ifsv, sp njt zHAfn kfslv mfbdnj lcdÇy§Àf W hAfdLv ˆjmfÛ jfvB. (nfvf} 40ix}) zkˆh snƒ njt svfpflfvoB pfvf Lcmifsb zHAfnD; pfslv zShL dhdV-dnofsve dhbf 30 dmdbeW zdkhfrk rq bf, zKhf kf ifb bf ipG§À ifqJfbfW rq bf, pfslv Sldbj 1 iAfsje dnofsve ifsb kfslv 50 hYv uDhsb iafq 1 tfJ 82 rfufv 500 efjf ˆhQ 15208 O¦ef 20 dmdbe nmq ziyq rq, kfslv …dyk, svfpfv ˆƒ idhÛ zhnsv ˆƒ swaBDv `dhNifb' dyvdlsbv ubA idvkAfo jvf. jfvB, ˆ `ncJefb' ˆmb `zdo´hfB' sp, kf mfbcsNv ncöf²¿A, slr, zKG, äDb, lcdbqf W zfsJvfskv ubA hV [dkjv. sp mfbcN 12/13 O¦ef zfïfrv Wqfs²À kf huGb jsv Kfjsk ifsv, sn mfbcN zfïfrvƒ Hsq hfjD nmq ifb bf jvstW Kfjsk ifvsh. zfv sp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv Wqfs²À sjfb dudbn huGb jvsh, sn hAdÙÁ zfïfrv ƒ¤Yfq kfv yfƒsk …Ùm dudbn zuGb jvsh. êfƒ rt zfïfrv vDdk. iv§Â ˆ sjfbÛÁsmƒ …dyk bq sp, svfpflfv nfvfdlb rftft dudbn bf sJsq svfpf svsJ idvswsN rfvfm dudbn dlsq svfpf Jctsh! (ƒkrfI 42ix}) 7. svfpfv mfsU vsqsY zfïfrv iadk nclxP „mfb vfJfv ndhswN iadw[B. jfvB, svfpf rt Èå ƒhflk. spsrkc mfbcN ˆ ƒhflsk mcbfsIjD vfJsk ifsv bf. ƒ¤Yf jvst sn sofisb sJsk hf ifb jvsk ifsv, zKhf …ihfn sKsjW dbqk sHsÌ sItsk ifsv. nckvfQ dbYj zfïfrv iadk nclxP „mfb W nkA Hq bf Kfjst iajxkv™si svfpf vfJf pfq bf. htf hfùtA, svfpf rt ˆmb ˆjde zf§Àdvj ƒhflk, pf hf¦lf W iaHcv mfsU ˆjf§À Èå. zkˆh sofisb ifbfrfv jvfv nfmKGA W ncspfo Kfjf nsÙ¶W kf bf jvf ˆƒ jKfƒ iamfB jsv sp, sn hf¦lf db}ns¦lsr ˆƒ hst zet dhw¶fn vfsJ sp, mrfb zfïfr kfv sofib nh djYcƒ slsJb W ufsbb. zfv ˆJfb sKsjƒ svfpflfsvv msb ƒhflsk nkkf W zfmfbklfvD nxdó rq. kfƒskf zfïfr kfzftf svfpfsj ixKj ShdwóA lfb jsvsYb; hf¦lfv iaskAj zfmstv nWqfhsj 10 ÈB sKsj 700 ÈB; hvQ zfsvf zsbj zsbj ÈB hdLGk jsv Kfsjb. dj§Â svfpf bq. svfpfsj dkdb dbsuv ubA Jfn jsv dbsqsYb. zfv kfv nWqfshv idvmfB sp jk, kf dkdb YfVf zbA sj… ufsb bf. mrfbhD hstb, ªzfïfr kfzftf hstb, zflm n§Àfsbv iaskAj zfmt kfv dbsuv


11

ubA; kfsk kfv nWqfh 10 sKsj 700 ÈB hfdVsq slWqf rq. dj§Â svfpf bq. svfpf rt zfmfv ubA. zfv zfdm dbsu kfv iadklfb slh.« (zf} 2/503) 8. svfpf svfpflfsvv msb ivjfstv iadk zfoar W …{jØf hxdÝ jsv. jfvB, sn zfïfrv dbje zfsJvfsk sp nWqfh W iadklfb zfsY kf ifWqfv zfwfq zfoarfd¦hk rsq ifdKGh djYc ncJ-…isHfo sKsj dhvk Kfsj. sn sp dbdÙÁsk tfH-sbfjnfb Wub jsv Kfsj kf rt ifvstZdjj. svfpfv dlsb ifbfrfv W spZbncJ ðLc ˆƒ zfwfq idvrfv jsv sp, ˆsk sn zfïfrv n§Âdó ifWqfv nfsK nfsK djqfmskv dlb …Ùm iadklfb ifsh. nckvfQ ˆƒHfsh svfpf svfpflfsvv msb ivjfstv iadk „mfb hÝmCt jsv, ivstfsjv nfsK z§Àvsj ucsV vfsJ ˆhQ [B²¿fqD ˆƒ LvfLfsmv ifdKGh sHfo-dhtfsn dhkxòf nxdó jsv; sp sHfo-dhtfn zsbj nmq mfbcNsj zfsJvfskv jKf dhn¹xk jsv ˆƒ LfvBf slq sp, sn ixdKhDsk zmv W dyvjft Kfjsh. (lcvf} 10ix}) 9. svfpf idviCBGv™si zfïfrv dbje zfk¹nmiGB ˆhQ k]fv iCBG lfnk¶ jvfv jKf dw[f slq. svfpf mcndtmsj iajxk lfnsk¶v zbcwDtb slq. kfƒ skf sn vfskv shtfq Jfq, ifb jsv. jfvB, kfv iaHc sp hstsYb,

® (#θè=ä. uρ (#θ ç/u õ°$# uρ 4© ®L xm t⎦ ¨⎫ t7oK tƒ ãΝä3 s9 äÝø‹ sƒ ù:$# âÙu‹ö/F{$# z⎯ ÏΒ ÅÝø‹ sƒ ù:$# ÏŠuθ ó™F{$# z⎯ ÏΒ Íôf x ø9$# ( ⟨ zKGf{, zfv skfmvf ifbfrfv jv, pk[B ipG§À bf (vfskv) jfstf zájfv sKsj Iusvv nflf svJf skfmfslv dbje ±ió rsqsY. (jc} 2/187) htf hfùtA, ˆ ubAƒ ƒIkfv W snrvDv nmq JfWqf rt ncâk W mc²Àfrfh ˆhQ bf sJsq ˆjefbf iviv jsqjdlb svfpf vfJf mjv™r. zkˆh svfpf vfJfv ubA snrvD JfWqf ˆhQ svfpfv swsN ƒIkfvD JfWqf rt ˆj iajfv zfïfrv ƒhflk W k]fv dbslGswv zfbcokA. klbcv™i Iuv …lq rst mcndtm ifbfrfv nr snƒ njt h²Â W dhNq sKsj lCsv Kfsj, pfsk svfpf bó jsv sIst. zfv ˆv mfsUW sn ˆjmfÛ zfïfrvƒ lfnk¶ W zfbcokA jsv. jfvB, dkdb hstb,

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zKGf{, zk}iv skfmvf vfk ipG§À svfpf iCBG jv. (jc} 2/187) nckvfQ ˆƒHfsh mcndtm mrfb zfïfrv iCBG lfnk¶ W zfbcoskAv …iv lDOG iadw[B tfH jsv Kfsj. (lcvf} 10ix}) 10. svfpf mcndtsmv ubA zfïfrv ˆj iajfv vrmk, jv¢Bf W zbcoar. mrfb zfïfr mcndtm ufdkv iadk zbcoar W jv¢Bf ialwGb jsvƒ svfpf Ivp jsvsYb. jfvB, ˆvƒ mfLAsm dkdb mcndtsmv ifivfdw mfuGbf jsv Kfsjb, kfv mpGflf …âDk jsv Kfsjb ˆhQ hùÈB rfsv kfv nWqfh hxdÝ jsv Kfsjb. (ƒkrfI 41ix}) 11. svfpf rt sofbfsrv jfIXIfvf. jfvB, sbjDv jfu sofbfrv jfsuv sofbfr bfw jsv slq. zfv svfpf rt hV sbjDv jfu. mrfb zfïfr hstb,


® ¨β Î) ÏM≈ uΖ |¡ut ù:$# t⎦ ÷⎤Ïδõ‹ãƒ ÏN$t↔ ÍhŠ¡¡9$# 4 ⟨ zKGf{, dbÇyq icBAvfdw (nWqfshv jfu) ifivfdwsj lCvDHCk jsv. (jc} 11/114)

zfv diaq bhD hstb, ªmfbcsNv idvhfv, Lb-n©il W iadkshwD nQÛÁf§À ifivfdwsj bfmfp, svfpf ˆhQ nljfr smfyb jsv slq.« (hc} 1796, mc} 144bQ) zKGf{, mcndtm sp sofbfr kfv idvhfvsj zbAfqHfsh …¤yhfyA jsv, jó dlsq zKhf sjfb dhNsq kfslv iadk Û¢de W zhsrtf ialwGb jsv, zKhf iadkshwDsj sjfb jKfq hf jfsu sjfb iajfv jó dlsq, zKhf zfdKGj sjfb iajfv Û¢de Odesq zKhf zbcv™i zbAfbA nfoDvf (sYfe) sofbfr jsv Kfsj, sn nhsj kfv bfmfp, svfpf ˆhQ lfb-Jqvfk smfyb jsv slq. iv§Â diaq bhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ „mfb W nWqfshv zfwf svsJ vmpfsbv svfpf vfsJ, kfv iCshGjfv njt sofbfr mfI rsq pfq.« (hc} 38, mc} 760bQ) rpvk zfhc ùvfƒvf rsk hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt hstb, ªjfhDvfr sofbfr bf jvst i]fy WqfÙÁ bfmfp, ˆj ucmzfr sKsj ziv ucmzfr ˆhQ ˆj vmpfb sKsj zbA vmpfb -ˆv mLAhkGDjfst nQOdek ifinmCsrv jfIIfvf (iafqdÇyÙ).« (zf}, mc} 233bQ, dk}) klbcv™i svfpf rt jnm HfÌfv jfIXIfvf (udvmfbf). (jc} 5/89) dprfsvv jfIXIfvf. (jc} 58/4) sjfb mcndtmsj hf ycdÙÁhÝ sjfb dp©mDsj Hcthwk} rkAf jsv sItfv jfIXIfvf. (jc} 4/92) ƒrvfsm dbdNÝ jmG jsv sItfv jfIXIfvf. (jc} 2/196, 5/5) kfmfÙc' rsÏv jcvhfbD dlsk bf ifvst kfv jfIXIfvf. (jc} 2/196) ƒkAfdl. 12. svfpf svfpflfsvv msb SLpG W nrbwDtkf nxdó jsv. jsó SLpG LfvB W nrbwDtkf zhtìb jvsk zHAfnD hfbfq. svfpf kfsj kfv diaq h²Â hAhrfv huGb jvsk SLspGv dw[f slq. spmb dw[f slq jfm-lmb W msbv psK¤Yfyfv lmb jvfv; pf dbÇyq nru jfu bq. htf hfùtA, svfpf iftsb vsqsY 3 iajfv SLpG. mrfb zfïfrv zfbcoskA SLpG, k]fv rfvfmjxk h²Â idvrfv jvfv …iv SLpG ˆhQ k]fv dbLGfdvk kjlDsvv hftf-mnDhskv …iv SLpG. ˆƒ 3 iajfv SLpG sp hf¦lfv mfsU ˆjdÛk rsh, snƒ rsh ƒrjfst ivm ncJD ˆhQ ivjfst zfïfrv ƒ¤Yfq sn ufâfsk iashw jvsh. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

® $ yϑΡ Î) ’û uθ ãƒ tβρ ã É9≈ ¢Á9$# Νèδuô_ r& Î ö tó Î/ 5>$ |¡Ïm ∩⊇⊃∪ ⟨ zKGf{, SLpGwDtslvsj skf zidvdmk icvõfv W nWqfh lfb jvf rsh. (jc} 39/10) ˆsk sjfb ns¦lr sbƒ sp, [c{-diifnf W spZb[cLfq SLpGLfvB jvfƒ rt SLspGv swN ipGfq. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ ˆƒ swaBDv SLpG LfvB jvsk ifvÌm rsh, sn hAdÙÁv ubA zbA swaBDv SLpG LfvB jvf nru rsq pfsh. zfv sp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv n§Âdó tfsHv …sÜswA SLpG LfvB jvsh, sn hAdÙÁ tfH jvsh ðHidvBfm. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªpfvf kfslv iadkiftsjv n§ÂdótfsHv ubA SLpGjó hvB jsv, pKfpKHfsh bfmfp isV, zfdm sp v¢pD kfslvsj lfb jsvdY kf rsk sofisb W iajfswA


13

lfb jsv ˆhQ pfvf Hfstf äfvf m¦lsj lCv jsv -kfslvƒ ubA vsqsY ðH idvBfm; (zflXb) ²¿fqD shsrñX, Wsk Wvf iashw jvsh---.« (jc} 13/22-23) 13. svfpf rt Tftöv™i; slfpJ sKsj v[fv Tftöv™i. (k¶fh}, nuf} 3867bQ) ˆjde mfÛ svfpf ufrfâfmsj svfpflfv sKsj 70 hYsvv iK lCsv ndvsq slq. (hc} 2685, mc} 1153bQ) nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ iCBG vmpfb mfsnv svfpf vfsJ ˆhQ iaskAj mfsn 3de svfpf zKhf zfsvf zbAfbA bIt svfpf vfsJ, sn hAdÙÁ sKsj slfpJ jk hYsvv iK lCsv nsv pfq kf zbcsmq. 14. svfpf rt ydvÛrDbkf W hAdHyfv ƒkAfdl zw½Dtkf sKsj Tftöv™i. svfpf svfpflfvsj zShL spZbfyfv sKsj drIfpsk vfsJ, spmb Tft mcufdrl (spfÝf)sj wÛ¢is[v kDv W kvhfdvv zfOfk sKsj v[f jsv Kfsj. rpvk zfècïfr dhb mfn†l jkGxj hdBGk, diaq bhD hstb, ªsr pchjlt! skfmfslv msLA sp hAdÙÁ (dhhfsrv zKGf{ ²ÃDv HvBsifNB W vdkdÛÁqfv) nfmKGA vfsJ sn spb dhhfr jsv. jfvB, dhhfr y[csj l²Âvmk nQpk jsv ˆhQ tÏf²¿fb drIfpk jsv. zfv sp hAdÙÁ ‰ nfmKGA vfsJ bf, sn spb svfpf vfsJ. jfvB, kf spZb[cLf …iwmjfvD.« (hc} 4779, mc} 1400, dm} 3080bQ) htf hfùtA, sp pchj dhhfsrv Jvyfdl hrb jvsk n[m bq, sn pchjsj mrfbhD ˆƒ dbslGw dlstb sp, sn spb kfv jfm[cLf W spZb-…sÙubf iawdmk jvsk svfpfv nfrfpA sbq. jfvB, svfpf …ÙÁ [cLf W …sÙubf lmb W dbhfvB jsv. zfv zsbsjv zdHÎkf äfvf …ÙÁ bhhD dydj{nf iamfdBk W ivDd[k sp, jfmiDdVk pchsjv ubA sp sjfbW snhA ŠNL zsi[f svfpfƒ rt …Ùm W zhAKG ŠNL. 15. svfpf rt shsrñXofmD iK. rpvk zfhC …mfmfr ufâfsk iashw jvfsh ˆmb zfmt iansÌ pJb zfïfrv bhD -ˆv dbje dbslGw yfƒstb, kJb dkdb k]fsj htstb, ªkcdm svfpf vfJ. jfvB, kfv mk zbA sjfb zfmt sbƒ.« (bf} 2221bQ) kfYfVf mrfbhD svfpflfvsj shsrsñ `vfƒqfb' bfmj ˆj dhswN lvuf dlsq iashw jvfv ncnQhfl dlsqsYb. (hc} 1797, mc} 1152bQ) zfv `vfƒqfb' (kxòfrDb) äfv zfmt zbcpfqD svfpflfsvv ubA hV …ipcÙÁ. jfvB, svfpf vfJfv Ist lcdbqfsk sn diifnfq jfkv rq. kfƒ kfvƒ dhdbmsq ivjfst ªsnƒ äfsv sp iashw jvsh sn (shsrñD ifbDq) ifb jvsh. zfv sp hAdÙÁ ˆjhfv kf ifb jvsh, sn hAdÙÁ zfv sjfb jfstW diifdnk rsh bf.« (zf}, bf}, nuf} 5184bQ) 16. svfpf iftsbv mfLAsm svfpflfv kfv mrfb iaHcv n§Âdó tfH jsv Kfsj. pfv ubA kfv …ihfn-udbk mcsJv lcoGáW zfïfrv dbje j²ÂvD zsi[fW zdLj ncoámq rq! (hc} 1805, mc} 1151bQ) zKy Jfdt sise Kfjf zh²¿fq mcJ sKsj shv rWqf ‰ lcoGá sjfb mfbcN iY¦l jsv bf; hvQ OxBfƒ jsv Kfsj. dj§Â kf mrfb naófv dbjse zdk iY¦lbDq. jfvB, ˆ oá k]fvƒ zfbcokA W n§Âdóv isK dboGk rsq Kfsj. 17. svfpflfv hAdÙÁv lczf svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq jhct rsq Kfsj. diaq bhD hstb,


ªdkb iajfv lczf zfïfrv dbje jhct rsq Kfsj; svfpflfsvv lczf, zkAfyfdvskv lczf ˆhQ mcnfdIsvv lczf.« (hf} ðzfhct „mfb, ƒzf}, dnn} 1797bQ) 18. svfpf djqfmskv HDNB dhyfv dlsb svfpflfsvv ubA zfïfrv lvhfsv ncifdvw jvsh; htsh, `sr zfmfv iaHc! zfdm Wsj dlsbv shtfq ifbfrfv W spZbdÛÁqf sKsj dhvk svsJdYtfm. nckvfQ Wv hAfifsv kcdm zfmfv ncifdvw oarB jsv bfW.' zk}iv mrfb iaHc kfv sn ncifdvw oarB jsv sbshb. (zf} 2/174, rf} 1/554) 19. svfpf svfpflfsvv ubA ƒr-ivjfstv JcwD W ncsJv srkc. spmb mrfbhD hstb, ªsvfpflfsvv ubA vsqsY 2de JcwD; iaKm JcwD rt ƒIkfv jvfv nmq ˆhQ däkDq JcwD rt iadkiftsjv ndrk nf[fskv nmq.« (hc} 1085, mc} 1151bQ) svfpflfsvv ƒIkfv jvfv nmq sp JcwD, kf rt snƒ ncJ W kxdåv ˆjde bmcbfmfÛ; pf mcdmb hAdÙÁ dbu iaHcv zfbcokA W kfjWqfv mfLAsm zuGb jsv Kfsj. zfv iajxkia²Àfsh êfƒ rt zfnt ncJ. ˆƒ ncJ W kxdå lcƒHfsh zbcHCk rsq Kfsj }- (j) zfïfr kfzftf ‰ ƒIkfsvv nmq svfpflfsvv ubA ifbfrfv ShL jsv dlsqsYb. zfv db}ns¦lsr mfbcsNv iajxdk ˆƒ sp, (dhswN jsv dJsl Kfjf zh²¿fq) Jfhfv slJst mb zfbs¦l sbsy WsE. zfv ˆ ubAƒ kf huGb jvf rt zfïfrv ƒhflk. (J) sn mcrCskG svfpflfv kfv ˆjde svfpf n©iâ jsv Kfsj. nckvfQ zfïfrv kWIDj zbcpfqD sn sndlbjfv svfpf W ƒhflk sp iftb W iCBG jvsk ifvt, kfvƒ JcwD kfv mbsj zfs¦lfdtk jsv skfst. (lcvf} 17ix}) i[f§Àsv nhsysq hV JcwD pf, kf vsqsY ivjfst; pJb k]fv ndrk nf[f{ rsh p]fv ubA svfpflfv svfpf svsJ Kfsj. 20. svfpf rt ivsrpofv W sbj stfjslv seºdbQ-mqlfb; pfv mfsU zfïfrv slWqf ixdKhDv sJtfIskv lfdqk¶ iftb jvfv …iv dbsuslv jkGshAv dhdHâ seºdbQ dbsq Kfsj. htf hfùtA, svfpf slr-msbv ubA ˆjde hV vrmk. svfpfv mfsUƒ r™lq W njt dy§Àf-Hfhbf zfïfr kfzftfv nfsK pcÙÁ Kfsj. njt msbfht k]fv Hfstfhfnf, zfbcokA W k]fv isK durfslv jfsu hdLGk W nQhÝ rsq Kfsj. pfv iÇyfsk …sÜwA Kfsj ˆƒ sp, zfïfrv hfBDƒ nmcâk srfj ˆhQ jfsIvslv hfBD srfj zhbk; sn jfsIv spmbƒ srfj, kfv sp bfm hf …ifdL srfj zKhf sp iakDjƒ srfj. (Ifƒp} 107ix}) 21. svfpf rt jdy-j]fyf dwðv msbv mfdesk `zfmfbklfvD'v hDu svfiB jvfv ˆj hf²ÀhdHdÙj ƒdkhfyj W jfpGjv iadÛÁqf. dwð-djswfvsj svfpf vfJsk zHAfnD jvfv nmq pJb kfsj ifbfrfv jvsk dbsNL jvf rq ˆhQ Jfhfv W ifdb rfskv jfsY Kfjf nsÙ¶W sn ðLc ˆƒ dhw¶fsn kf sJsk ifsv bf sp, ˆ dbsNL rt zfïfrv ˆhQ dkdb kfsj slJsYb. zKy ˆ hAfifsv sjht kfv mb W dhshj YfVf zbA sj… ipGsh[j sbƒ. nckvfQ j]fyf msb zfmfbklfvD hÝmCt jvsk ˆƒ zbcHCdk zsi[f zdLj iadkdÛÁqfwDt zfv zbA dj rsk ifsv? pfv Ist Swwh sKsjƒ dwð zfmfbklfvDv mk ˆj SbdkjkfiCBG jsmG zHAfnD rsq


15

osV WsE ˆhQ hq}iafå rWqfv isvW kfv pKfKG drIfpk jvsk W kfv msb kf zfuDhb hrft vfJsk sjfb iajfv jóshfL jsv bf. (nfvf} 39ix}) 22. svfpf mfbcsNv r™lqsj bvm jsv, zfïfr-siamD jsv ˆhQ nhGlf k]fv dpjXv W ðjXv jvsk zHAfnD jsv. 23. svfpf mfbcsNv mfsU wqkfsbv iashw W iahfr-iK v¢Ý jsv. ˆv Ist kfv slr-msb wqkfsbv zfdLikA jsm pfq. i[f§Àsv pJbƒ mfbcN dbu iahxdÙv tfofm sYsV slq, kJbƒ wqkfb kf tcsI dbsq kfsj spdlsj ƒ¤Yf sndlsj idvyfdtk jvsk Kfsj. (Ifƒp} 108ix}) 24. svfpf rt zfïfrv slWqf sbqfmskv ðjXdvqf zflfq jvfv zbAkm mfLAm. jfvB, svfpf rt ifbfrfv W spZbdmtb sKsj dhvk Kfjfv bfm. zfv mfbcsNv …iv zfïfrv sp njt hV hV sbqfmk vsqsY kfv msLA ifbfrfv W spZbdmtb rt zbAkm. nckvfQ mfbcN ˆ sbqfmskv jlv kJbƒ hcUsh, pJb sn ˆ sbqfmk sKsj dbdlGójft ipG§À hdÑk Kfjsh. jfvB, rfdvsq bf sost sjfb sbqfmskv jlv hcUf pfq bf. zfv pJbƒ …ÙÁ sbqfmskv jlv sn hcUsh, kJbƒ kfv zhdwó zdLjfv zflfsqv ubA ðjXdvqf Îfib jvsh. i[f§Àsv sbqfmskv ðjXv zflfq jvf Ivp; wvDqsk ˆhQ dhshj mskW. svfpfv zfqfsk mrfb zfïfr ‰ jKfv iadk ƒdÌk jsvƒ hstb, (( zKGf{, pfsk skfmvf ðjXv zflfq jv. (jc} 2/185) ولعلكم تشكرون ( (

svfpflfv pJb [cLfv u¶ftf zbcHh jsv, kJb sn snƒ ovDh-db}öslv jsóv jKfW …itdé jsv; pfvf [cLfv nmq sise ˆj mcsEf zâW spfofV jvsk nmKG bq. ˆv Ist ‰ …itdé kfsj kfslv ubA lfb-Jqvfk jsv nrfbcHCdk iajfw jvsk …äcÝ jsv. jfvB, dbsuv slJf dhNq swfbf dhNsqv mk bq. dbsuv slJf W ivD[f jvf dhNsq zdHÎkfté iakDdk us¦m zdLj. spmb ˆjub sOfVnWqfv stfj iK ytfv jó kk[B zbcHh jvsk n[m bq; pk[B bf sn dbsu ifsq sr]se iK yst slsJsY. (Ifƒp} 14ix}, 70} 4bQ) 25. svfpfv mfLAsm svfpflfv [cLf-udbk lchGtkfv Ist sn zfïfrv jkef mcJfsi[D kf zf¦lfu jvsk ifsv. zfv sp hAdÙÁ dbsuv mfsU dbsuv lchGtkf dybsk ifsv, sn hAdÙÁv dmKAf zrQjfv lCvDHCk rsq pfq. iv§Â zfïfr snƒ hAdÙÁv iadk vrm jsvb, sp dbsuv jlv dbsu susbsY. (ƒkrfI 45ix}) 26. svfpfsk svfpflfv dIdvñfmàtDv zbcv™i jsmG wfdmt rsk ifsv; sp dIdvñfmàtD zfïfrv sjfb iajfv zhfLAfyvB jsvb bf. k]fvf kfƒ jsvb, pf jvsk k]fslv iadkiftj k]fslvsj zfslw jsvb. dlhfvfÛ knhDr ifE jvsk Kfsjb ˆhQ sjfb iajfv j½fd§ÀshfL jsvb bf. p]fvf Jfb bf ˆhQ ifbW jsvb bf. (‰ 45ix}) 27. svfpf svfpflfsvv „mfb hxdÝ jsv. ˆƒ svfpfsk mfbcN zdLjfdLj bfmfp isV, jcvzfb sktfzk W dpjXv jsv, lfb-Jqvfk jsv, lczf W ƒd²ÀoIfv kKf kWhf jsv, Wqfp-bnDrk swfsb. svfpf kfsj m¦l jfu jvsk hfLf slq. htf hfùtA, ˆ nsh ifi


há Kfsj ˆhQ „mfb hdLGk rq. (‰ 45ix}) 28. svfpfv mfsn svfpflfsvv äDbD Îfb hdLGk rsq Kfsj. jfvB, vmpfb rt ƒhflskv mfn, zfïfrv zfqfk dbsq Hfhbf-dy§Àf W oshNBf jvfv mfn. jcvzfb mfuDl sktfzk jvf W swfbfv mfn. (nfvf} 41ix}) 29. ˆ mfsn äDsbv zfrhfqjslv ubA vsqsY nchBG ncspfo. ˆ mfsn zdLjfQw mcndtm ubnfLfvB mnduslv dlsj Lfdhk rq. ˆslv msLA sj… hf kfv uDhsb iaKmhfv iashw jsv, sj… hf zsbj dlb rt mndul kAfo jsvdYt. ˆ nmq kfslv r™lq ˆj iajfv lctGH bmakf W kvÌfdqk HdÙÁsk olXolX jsv. nckvfQ ˆ ncspfsov näAhrfv jsv mb-otfsbf …islwmftf ˆhQ …ipcÙÁ Wqfp W lnG iasqfo jsv kfslv „mfb hfVfsk nfrfpA jvf …dyk. zfv ˆ jfsu zhwAƒ n{ W zfïfrHDdkv jfsu nrfqkf rsq Kfsj. (nfvf} 41ix}) iv§Â vmpfsbv svfpf hYvfs§À ˆjhfv Ivpv™si ˆsn Kfsj. pf rsÏv mk uDhsb ˆjhfv bq. pfsk iaskAj hYv „mfbD lsnGv icbvfhxdÙ rq ˆhQ svfdik „mfbD hx[ nrnfq shsV WsE. 30. svfpfv mfLAsm mcndtmslv nfmfduj …ijfdvkf nfLb rsq Kfsj. svfpf rt mcndtm ufdkv ‰sjAv dblwGb, nfvf …©mfrv mfsU nQrdkv iakDj, ovDh-LbDv mfsU nfmA W n©iaDdkv dyrÁ. ˆsk zfm-Jfn, zfkvfI-zfwvfI, zfmDv-IjDsvv sHlfsHl yCBG rsq pfq. njstv msb ˆjefƒ shfL ufso sp, mcndtm ufdk rt ˆj ufdk. njst ˆjƒ nmsq ifbfrfv jsv, ˆjƒ nmsq svfpf vfsJ. ˆjƒ ufmfzfsk mndusl kfvfhDrv bfmfp isV. spb njstv r™lq ˆj, mfn ˆj, jmGW ˆj, pfslvsj kfslv bhD hstsYb, kfvf rt ˆjde slsrv mk. 31. svfpfv …ihfn öfs²¿Av ubA hV …ijfvD. svfpfsk kctbfmCtjHfsh jm JfWqf rq ˆhQ dbdlGó nmq Lsv ifj²¿tDsj dhvdk slWqf rq. ˆv Ist wvDsvv sml, sj½l W zfûGkf ƒkAfdl lCvDHCk rsq pfq. (InCt} 8ix}) zfv ˆjKf dhdlk W öDjxk sp, wvDsvv msLA sie rt svfsov hfnf ˆhQ hAh²¿fdik W dbqd§Ãk JflA zfrfv jvf rt swaô dydj{nf. htf hfùtA, ˆ jKf hù dydj{njƒ öDjfv jsvsYb sp, svfpfsk vsqsY hù lDOG²¿fqD hAfdL sKsj dbvfiÙf, dhswN jsv p[¹f, jAfbnfv ƒkAfdl. svfpfq vsqsY wvDsvv Wub hxdÝ, rAfifefƒden, udàn, i½Drf, pjx{, hlrum, iaHxdk svfsov dydj{nf. svfpf Ivp rsqsY nc²¿ mfbcsNv …iv. pfsk zfÛÁmsBv iCshGƒ ‰ njt hf zfsvf zufbf hù svfsov rfk sKsj h]fyfv …ifq ifWqf pfq. kfYfVf hù oshNBf ˆ jKf iamfB jsvsY sp, ifbfrfv sKsj dhvk Kfjf ˆjde iajxdkok hAfifv; pf mrfb nxdójkGf dbqdmkHfsh dbdlGó nmq hAfiD uDhuoskv ubA zdbhfpG jsvsYb. zfv kf ðLc ˆƒ ubA sp, pfsk jsv iafBDuo{ L¶Qsnv rfk sKsj v[f ifq, h]fyfv ubA wdÙÁ ifq ˆhQ dbu dbu hQwdh²Àfsv pKfdbqsm ndÛÁq Kfjsk ifsv.


17

uDhu§Â W jDeiksÌv …ihfn jvfv jKf zsbsjv zufbf bq. sjfb sjfb u§Â tìf nmq Lsv iafq jsqj mfn pfh{ …ihfn jsv. sjfb sjfb u§Â jsqj dlb Lsv …ihfn jsv. hvQ …dßluo{W …ihfn iftb jsv Kfsj. pfv Ist bkcb, nc¦lv W tjtsj ifkf shv rsq zfsn ˆhQ wf§À wDsk dbûfv iv Ict-Ist ncswfdHk rsq wdÙÁwftD W nuDhv™si ðv¢ rq hx[-kv¢tkfv zfb¦lmq hn§Àjft. Ff} nstfmb mfbh-slrsj ƒdÓsbv nfsK kctbf jsv hstb, `ƒdÓb v[fjs¬i msLA msLA Fsj dbqf ycdï rƒsk Yfƒ W zÌfv n©iCBGv™si db°jfdwk jvf spmbef zfhwAj - …ihfn äfvf msLA msLA ifj²¿tD rƒsk zuDBG JflAde db°jfdwk jvfW skmbef lvjfv.' (hfQtf dmwjfk 4/263) 32. svfpf mfbcsNv dy§ÀfwdÙÁv iaJvkf hxdÝ jsv. jfvB, sie Jfdt Kfjst dy§Àf-oshNBf dbmGt rq ˆhQ mb-mosuv jmG nc¦lv rq. i[f§Àsv pfvf LfvBf jsv sp, svfpf mfbcsNv Jvy hfVfq ˆhQ zdkdvÙÁ zKG hAq rq ˆƒ svfpfv mfsn, kfslv LfvBf ndEj bq. sjbbf, Jfhfsvv bfbfb HAfvfƒdeu SkvD jvf ˆhQ iasqfusbv kctbfq shwD Jfhfv ia²Âk jvf, vmpfsbv ubA dhswN dhswN Lvb W hvsbv JflAisBAv dhiBb Oefsbfsk ƒntfsmv zbcsmflb sbƒ. hvQ kf rt ziyq. zfv ziyq ƒntfsm dbdNÝ; vmpfsb ˆhQ zbA mfsnW. htfƒ hfùtA sp, svfpfsk vsqsY mÌtƒ mÌt. hAdÙÁ W nmfsuv ubA lcdbqf W zfsJvfsk snƒ mÌt zböDjfpG. zfv mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ hfBDv msLA snƒ mÌstv iadkƒ ƒdÌk jvf rsqsY. dkdb hstb,

و أ ن ت ص و م و ا خ ي ر ل ك م إ ن ك ن ت م ت ع ل م و ن ( ( zKGf{, skfmfslv svfpf vfJfefƒ skfmfslv ubA jtAfBjv; pdl skfmvf …itdé jv. (jc} 2/184)

däkDq zLAfq

sssvvvfffpppfffvvv iiiaa ajjjfffvvvsssHHHlll svfpf rt lcƒ iajfv; Ivp (hfLAkfmCtj) W bIt (zdkdvÙÁ). Ivp svfpf zfhfv 3 iajfv; vmpfsbv svfpf, jfIXIfvfv svfpf ˆhQ bpv mfbf svfpf. ˆ[sB vmpfsbv svfpf nQÛÁf§À dhdHâ mfnfsqt zfstfybf jvh.

vvvmmmpppfffsssbbbvvv sssvvvfffpppfffvvv mmmfffbbb vmpfsbv svfpf zfïfrv djkfh, k]fv vnCt -ˆv rflDn W mcndtm …©mfrv ƒumf' (nhGn©mdk) msk dyvjfstv ubA Ivp. jcvzfb jfvDsm mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªsr „mfblfvoB! skfmfslv …iv svfpf Ivp jvf rt, spmb skfmfslv iChGhkGD …©mskv …iv Ivp jvf rsqdYt. pfsk skfmvf


ivsrpofv rsk ifv. kf dbLGfdvk jsqj dlb---.« (jc} 2/183-184) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªvmpfb mfn; sp mfsn mfbcsNv dlwfvD ˆhQ n{isKv ±ió dblwGb W nkAfnskAv ifKGjAjfvDv™si jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY. zkˆh skfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb ˆ mfsn svfpf vfsJ.« (jc} 2/185) rflDsn mrfbhD hstb, ªƒntfsmv dHdÙ rt 5de jmG; zfïfr YfVf sj… ndkAjfsv …ifnA sbƒ ˆhQ mcrf©mfl k]fv vnCt (lCk) -ˆƒ jKfv nf[A slWqf, bfmfp jfsqm jvf, pfjf{ ialfb jvf, vmpfsbv svfpf vfJf ˆhQ nfmKGA Kfjst jf'hfoxsrv rÏ jvf.« (hc} 8, mc} 16bQ, dk}, bf}) rpvk kftrf dhb …hfƒlcïfr hstb, ˆj hAdÙÁ bhD -sj duÎfnf jvt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfv …iv zfïfr dj dj svfpf Ivp jsvsYb kf zfmfsj hst dlb.' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªvmpfb mfsnv svfpf.« stfjde htt, `ˆ YfVf zbA djYc dj zfmfv jkGhA zfsY?' dkdb htstb, ªbf, ksh pdl kcdm bIt svfpf vfJ, kfrst dHâ jKf.« (hc}, 1891, mc}) zfv mcndtm …©mfr ˆ dhNsq ˆjmk sp, vmpfsbv svfpf Ivp. kf ƒntfsmv zbAkm v¢jXb, Jc]de hf dHdÙ. ˆ Ivp rWqfv jKf nru …ifsq njstv ufbf. nckvfQ sp sj… kf zöDjfv jvsh sn mcvkfÜX jfsIv. kfsj kWhf jvfv ubA zfrhfb jvf rsh. kfsk sn kWhf jvst ˆhQ svfpf Ivp hst smsb dbst …Ùm. bsy{, (nvjfv) kfsj jfsIv zh²¿fq rkAf jvsh. (dInc} 1/383, IcnCt 4-5ix})

vvvmmmpppfffbbb mmmfffsssnnnvvv SSShhhdddwwwóóóAAA WWW kkkfffvvv sssvvvfffpppfffvvv mmmfffrrrfffkkk¹¹¹AAA

vmpfb wède `vmXp' Lfkc sKsj …{idÙ. ˆv mfsb rt jdEb ovm, u¶fdtsq slWqf. yf¦û mfnÈstfv pJb iafyDb bfm hfl dlsq zfvhD HfNfq bkcb bfm slWqf rq, kJb vmpfb mfnde isv jdEb ovsmv nmq. zfv kfsjƒ dHdÙ jsv kfv `vfmfpfb' bfmjvB jvf rq. zhwA vmpfb mfsnv svfpf Ivp rWqfv iv kfv bfm nfKGj rq. spsrkc …ÙÁ mfsn [c{diifnfq svfpflfsvv sie u¶st Kfsj. vmpfsbv mfsnv ˆjfdLj ˆmb ShdwóA vsqsY, pf zbAfbA mfsn sbƒ. spmb }- 1. ˆƒ mfsnv bfm jcvzfb mfuDsl …sïdJk rsqsY. (ûóhA jc} 2/185) i[f§Àsv zbA mfsnv bfm …sïJ jvf rqdb. 2. ˆƒ mfn zfnfv nmq mrfbhD k]fv nfrfhfoBsj ncnQhfl dlskb. 3. vmpfb rt hjGkmq idhÛ mfn. ˆ mfsn hjGk zhkDBG rq. 4. mrfb zfïfr ˆƒ mfsnv svfpf Ivp jsvsYb. 5. ˆƒ mfsn ufâfskv äfvnmCr …¦mcÙÁ jvf rq ˆhQ ˆjef äfvW há Kfsj bf. 6. ˆƒ mfsn vrmskv njt lvuf Jcst slWqf rq. (dnn} 1307, nuf} 471bQ) 7. ˆƒ mfsn ufrfâfsmv äfvnmCr v¢Ý jvf rq ˆhQ ˆjef äfvW sJftf Kfsj bf.


19

…sïJA sp, shsrsñv njt lvuf Jcst slWqfv jfvB rt, pfsk jsv zfmtjfvD kf ðsb zfmst zfoar W …{nfr ifq ˆhQ kfsk iashw jvfv ubA ia²Âdk oarB jsv. zfv slfpsJv njt lvuf há jvfv jfvB rt, pfsk zfmtjfvD ˆƒ mfsn ifsi dtå bf rq ˆhQ kfsk iashw bf jsv hsn. ˆv zKG ˆƒ bq sp, sp hAdÙÁ vmpfb mfsn mfvf pfsh sn dhbf drnfsh snfuf shsrsñ pfsh. (Ifdn} 22ix}) 8. …¤Yx£Jt wqkfb ltsj ˆƒ mfsn h¦lD jsv vfJf rq. (hc} 180, mc} 1079bQ) zKGf{, kfslvsj dwjt W shdV dlsq sh]sL zfesj vfJf rq. Ist kfvf vmpfsb snƒ ififyvB Oefsk n[m rq bf, pkef zbA mfsn n[m rq. ˆ ubA slJf pfq sp, zbAfbA mfsnv kctbfq ˆƒ mfsn wqkfsbv jcm§ÃBf, yÛÁf§À ˆhQ mfbcNsj dhëf§À jvfv jfu jm Ose Kfsj. hvQ wqkfb vmpfb mfnsj Hq jsv, spmb Hq jsv zfpfb W ƒjfmksj ˆhQ kfv wè ðsb iflsk iflsk itfqb jsv. dj§Â zfmvf ˆ mfsnW sp ififyvB W wqkfbD jmGjfà Oesk slsJ Kfdj kf …ÙÁ jKfv dhsvfLD bq. jfvB, ifi sjht wqkfbƒ Oefq bf. hvQ m¦liahB mfbcsNv mbW ˆmdbskƒ ifi jsv Kfsj. sp mb wqkfsbv jcm§ÃBf nk¶v oarB jsv Kfsj ˆhQ wqkfsbv kfnDv jm hf há rsq sostW snƒ mb dbsuƒ ifi nxdó jsv. ˆde rt mfbcsNv `bfIXsn zf©mfvfr.' sp bfIXn hf mb wqkfsbv iadkdbdLk¶ jsv ˆhQ snƒ ififyvB Odesq Kfsj. bf†pc dhïfdr dmb pfdtj. (lcv} 21ix}) 9. vmpfb mfsn zfnmfsbv lvufnmCr …¦mcÙÁ jvf rq. (hc} 1899, zf}, bf}, dnn} 1868bQ) 10. ˆƒ mfsn lczf jhct rq. mrfbhD hstb, ª(vmpfb mfsnv) iaskAj vfsk W dlsb iaskAj mcndtsmv lczf jhct jvf rq.« (hfppfv, nkf} 988bQ) 11. ˆƒ mfsn vsqsY ˆmb ˆjde vfdÛ, pf rfufv mfn zsi[f swaô. sp hAdÙÁ ˆƒ vfskv mÌt sKsj hdÑk rq, sn zfnst njt mÌt sKsj hdÑk. zfv ˆjf§À hdÑk hAdÙÁ YfVf sn mÌt sKsj sj… hdÑk rq bf. (nƒmf} 1333, nuf} 3519bQ) 12. ˆƒ mfsnv iaskAj vfsÛ ˆjub zfrhfbjfvD (dIdvñf) zfrhfb jsv hstb, `Wsr jtAfBjfmD! kcdm zoanv rW. zfv Wsr m¦ljfmD! kcdm [f§À rW.' 13. ˆƒ mfsnv iaskAj vfsÛ mrfb zfïfr slfpJ sKsj mcndtm mcÙÁ jsv Kfsjb. (zf} 4/312, 5/411, bf}, nƒmf} 1331bQ) 14. vmpfb mfn rt nhv W SLspGv mfn. spsrkc svfpf YfVf zbA ƒhflsk snƒv™i SLspGv ivD[f dlsk rq bf. mcndtm ˆƒ mfsn iCBG 30 hf 29de dlbƒ ifbfrfv, ²ÃD-dmtb ˆhQ zbAfbA svfpfdhsvfLD njt jmG sKsj SLspGv nfsK dhvk Kfsj. kfƒ mrfbhD ˆƒ mfnsj `SLspGv mfn' hst zdHdrk jsvsYb. (nuf} 3803bQ) zfv dkdb hstsYb, ªSLspGv (vmpfb) mfsn svfpf zfv iaskAj mfsnv dkbde svfpf z§Àsvv dhsäN W JeXjf lCv jsv slq.« (hfpXpfv, k¶fh}, ƒdr}, nuf} 3804bQ) 15. vmpfb rt jcvzfsbv mfn. jcvzfb iEb-ifEb W sktfzskv mfn. iawQnfv zdLjfvD dhÎfbmq zfïfrv kvI sKsj jcvzfb zhkDBG rWqfv mfn. ˆƒ mfsn


jcvzfb `tfWsr mfrICp' sKsj lcdbqfv zfnmfsbv iadk zhkDBG rq, zKhf jcvzfb zhkDBG rsk ðv¢ rq ˆƒ idhÛ mfsn. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªvmpfb mfn; sp mfsn mfbcsNv dlwfvD ˆhQ n{isKv ±ió dblwGb W nkAfnskAv ifKGjAjfvDv™si jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY. zkˆh skfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb ˆ mfsn svfpf vfsJ.« (jc} 2/185) zfv sjht jcvzfbƒ bq; hvQ zbAfbA zfnmfbD oa§¿nmCrW zhkDBG rsqsY ˆƒ hjGkmq mfsnƒ. ªƒhvfrDsmv nrDIfnmCr zhkDBG rsqsY vmpfb mfsnv iaKm vfsk, kfWvfk zhkDBG rsqsY vmpfsbv nåm vfsk, ƒÓDt zhkDBG rsqsY vmpfsbv 14km vfsk, pfhCv zhkDBG rsqsY vmpfsbv 19swv vfsk ˆhQ jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY vmpfsbv 25swv vfsk.« (zf}, k¶fh}, nuf} 1497, dnn} 1575bQ) 16. vmpfb mfsn dhn¹qjv hV hV dhuq lfsbv mfLAsm mrfb zfïfr ƒntfmsj nfrfpA jsvsYb, mcndtmslvsj mpGflf dlsqsYb. ˆƒ mfsnƒ hlv pcsÝ hlv iaf§Àsv mcndtmslv zfLAfdk¹j wdÙÁmÙf, „mfbD dHdÙv nclxPkf ˆhQ iakDdkv zdhytkf iajfw ifq. zfïfr kfzftf ˆƒ dlsb k]fslvsj nfrfpA jsvb ˆhQ wÛ¢v …iv dhuqD jsvb. zóm druvDv vmpfb mfsn mÄf dhusqv mfLAsm zfïfr k]fslvsj nfrfpA jsvb. pfv iv mcndtmvf d²¿dkwDtkf sistb ˆhQ ƒntfm iCBGv™si iadkôf tfH jvt. (nfvf} 8-13ix}) 17. vmpfb mfsn sjfb sjfb zfmstv hùÈB nWqfh tfH rq. ˆ mfsn …mvfr zflfq zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv nfsK rÏ jvfv nmfb. (hc} 1863, mc} 1256, zflf}, dk}, ƒmf}, lf}) i[f§Àsv ˆ mfsnv svfpf vfJfv nWqfh iansÌ mrfbhD hstb, (j) ªsp hAdÙÁ „mfb W dhÇhfsnv nfsK ˆhQ nWqfshv zfwf svsJ vmpfsbv svfpf vfJsh kfvW iCshGjfv ifivfdw mfI rsq pfsh.« (hc} 38, 1908, mc} 760, zflf}, bf}, ƒmf}) (J) ªi]fy WqfÙÁ bfmfp, ˆj ucmzfr rsk ziv ucmzfr ipG§À W ˆj vmpfb ziv vmpfb ipG§À …Hsqv mLAhkDGjfstv nQOdek ifivfdwsj smfyb jsv slq; pdl jfhDvf sofbfr sKsj lCsv Kfjf rq ksh.« (zf} 2/359, 400, 414, mc} 233bQ) (o) ˆj hAdÙÁ mrfbhD -ˆv jfsY rfduv rsq zfvu jvt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfibfv zdHmk dj? pdl zfdm nf[A dlƒ sp, zfïfr YfVf sjfb nkA …ifnA sbƒ ˆhQ zfidb zfïfrv vnCt, i]fy-WqfÙÁ bfmfp idV, pfjfk zflfq jdv ˆhQ vmpfsbv svfpf iftb jdv, kfrst zfdm jfslv ltHcÙÁ rh?' …Ùsv mrfbhD htstb, ªkcdm dnÜDj W wrDlosBv ltHcÙÁ rsh.« (hfpXpfv, ƒJc}, ƒdr}, nkf} 989bQ)

dddhhhbbbfff WWWpppsssvvv sssvvvfffpppfff kkkAAAfffooo jjjvvvfffvvv nnnfffuuufff sp hAdÙÁ dhbf Wusv vmpfsbv svfpf kAfo jsv sn hAdÙÁv lcde jfvB rsk ifsv; rq sn kf Ivp hst zöDjfv jvsY ˆhQ kfsj ˆjde ƒhflk hst öDjxdk dls¤Y bf, (bf†pc dhïfdr dmb pfdtj.) zfv bf rq sn zftsndm jsv kf vfJsY bf. nckvfQ pdl sn svfpf Ivp hst zöDjfv jsv W hst sp, svfpf wvDqsk Ivp bq,


21

kfrst sn jfsIv W mcvkfÜX; spmb ˆ jKf iCshG htf rsqsY. jfvB, sn äDsbv nhGhfdln©mk ˆmb ˆjde hAfifvsj zöDjfv jsv pf zfm-Jfn njstv is[ ufbf nru ˆhQ pf ƒntfsmv ˆjde v¢jXb. zfv kfv ˆƒ mcvkfÜX rWqfv Ist ˆjub mcvkfsÜv mft W idvhfsvv hAfifsv pf dhLfb zfsY kf jfpGjv rsh. nvjfsvv jfsY sn rkAfspfoA zivfLD hst oBA rsh. kfv sofnt-jfIb W ufbfpf rsh bf ˆhQ mcndtmslv sofv²¿fsb kfsj lfIb jvfW pfsh bf. zhwA pdl sj… bWmcndtm rWqfv Ist zKhf ƒntfmD idvshw W …tfmf sKsj lCsv Kfjfv Ist ˆ Lvsbv jKf hst Kfsj, kfrst kfv jKf dHâ. i[f§Àsv pdl sj… zftsndm jsv svfpf bf vfsJ, kfrst Hqfbj jdEb wfd²À kfv ubA zsi[f jvsY. rpvk zfhC …mfmfr hfsrtD jkxGj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfdm wcsbdY zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb sp, ªˆjlf zfdm Ocdmsq dYtfm; ˆmb nmq (ösi´) zfmfv dbje lcƒ hAdÙÁ …id²¿k rstb. k]fvf zfmfv …Hq hfùv †L¶GfQsw Lsv zfmfsj ˆj lcoGm ifrfsVv dbje …id²¿k jvstb ˆhQ htstb, `zfidb ˆƒ ifrfsV yVcb.' zfdm httfm, `ˆ ifrfsV yVsk zfdm z[m.' k]fvf htstb, `zfmvf zfibfv ubA yVf nru jsv slh.' nckvfQ zfdm ysV sotfm. zhswsN pJb ifrfsVv yCVfq dosq si]ZYtfm kJb shw djYc dy{jfv-L¶db wcbsk sitfm. zfdm duÎfnf jvtfm `ˆ dy{jfv-L¶db jfslv?' k]fvf htstb, `ˆ rt ufrfâfmhfnDslv yD{jfv-L¶db.' icbvfq k]fvf zfmfsj dbsq ytsk tfostb. rEf{ slJtfm ˆjlt stfj kfslv ifsqv sofVfdtv …iv smfef dwvfq (h]fLf zh²¿fq) tejfsbf zfsY, kfslv jwocstf sjse W dY]sV zfsY ˆhQ jw shsq vÙÁW UvsY. bhD hstb, zfdm httfm, `Wvf jfvf?' k]fvf htstb, `Wvf rt kfvf; pfvf nmq rWqfv iCshG-iCshGƒ ƒIkfv jsv dbk---.« (ƒJc}, ƒdr}, hf} 4/216, rf} 1/430, nkf} 991bQ) `Wvf rt kfvf; pfvf nmq rWqfv iCshG-iCshGƒ ƒIkfv jsv dbk---.' svfpf vfJfv isvW kfslv pdl ‰ zh²¿f rq, kfrst pfvf iCBG dlb mCstƒ svfpf vfsJ bf, kfslv zh²¿f ˆhQ pfvf iCBG mfnƒ svfpf vfsJ bf, kfslv zh²¿f sp jk jv¢B, jk ndÌb kf zbcsmq! mc²ÀfIf mcrf©mfl zf©mfvfr k]fv kfvoDshv eDjfq (2/109) hstb, `…ÙÁ rflDsnv HfhfKG ˆƒ sp, mrfb zfïfr k]fv bhD -sj svfpf HÌjfvDslv zfpfh nìsá WqfsjIrft jsvsYb. dkdb slsJsYb, kfslv snƒ lcvh²¿f; kfslv zfjfv-zfjxdk dYt hV mmGfd§Àj W dbjxó. jdEb p§ÃBfq kfvf jcjcv W sbjsVv mk dy{jfv jvsY. kfvf nfrfpA iafKGbf jvsY zKy sjfb nfrfpAjfvD sbƒ. kfslv ifsqv swN iafs§À (sofVfdtv …iv smfef dwvfq) ufrfâfsmv zf]jcdw dlsq jnfƒJfbfv phfƒ jvf Yfostv mk kfslvsj dbm´mcsJ Ucdtsq vfJf rsqsY. zfv kfslv jw shsq mcJHdkG vÙÁ UvsY! zfwf jdv bfIvmfb shsvfpflfv mcndtm n©ialfq ˆƒ zfpfshv jKf susb zfïfrv dbje kWhf jvsh ˆhQ k]fv snƒ zfpfhsj Hq jsv pKfdbqsm svfpf iftb jvsh.' ƒmfm pfrfhD (v}) hstb, `mcdmbslv dbjse ˆ jKf d²¿v-dnÝf§À sp, sp hAdÙÁ sjfb


svfo W Wuv bf Kfjf nsÙ¶W vmpfsbv svfpf kAfo jsv, sn hAdÙÁ ˆjub hAdHyfvD W mlAifqD sKsjW dbjxó. hvQ mcndtmvf kfv ƒntfsm ns¦lr sifNB jsv ˆhQ LfvBf jsv sp, sn ˆjub bfd²Àj W Sbdkj SwdKtAiCBG mfbcN. (mfIf} 25/225, jf} 49ix}, dInc} 1/384, Ifvfvf} 20-21ix}, kfIfnfnf} 74ix})

kxkDq zLAfq

mmmfffnnn iiiaa ammmfffBBB rrrssshhh dddjjjHHHfffssshhh???

vmpfb mfn iashw rWqf iamfB rsh lcsqv msLA ˆjHfsh }- 1. vmpfsbv y]fl slsJ. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstb,

ف م ن ش ه د م ن ك م الش ه ر ف ل ي ص م ه ( ( zKGf{, skfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb ˆ mfsn svfpf vfsJ. (jc} 2/185) zfv mrfbhD hstb, ªskfmvf y]fl slsJ svfpf vfJ ˆhQ y]fl slsJ „l jv. dj§Â pdl zfjfsw smO Kfsj, kfrst oBbfq 30 icvf jsv bfW.« (hc} 1900, mc} 1080bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªskfmvf y]fl slsJ svfpf vfJ ˆhQ y]fl slsJ „l jv. dj§Â pdl zfjfsw smO Kfsj, kfrst wf'hfsbv Èbdk 30 iCBG jsv bfW.« htf hfùtA, rflDsn ˆ dhNsq ±ió dbslGw vsqsY sp, vmpfsbv svfpf Ivp rWqf kKf kf ðv¢ jvfv hAfifvef y]fl slJfv …iv dbHGvwDt. zfv ˆv mfsbƒ rt, y]fl bf slJf ipG§À svfpf vfJf dbdNÝ.

nnnfff[[[AAA äääfffvvvfff mmmfffnnn iiiaa ammmfffBBB }}}

mrfb zfïfr hstb, ي س ئ ل و ن ك ع ن األ ه ل ة ، ق ل ه ي م و اق ي ت ل لن اس و ال ح ج ( (

zKGf{, Wvf zfibfsj bkcb y]fl n©isjG duÎfnf jsv. ht, kf rt mfbcN W rsÏv ubA nmq dbslGwj. (jc} 2/189) mrfb zfïfr y]flsj mfbcsNv ubA nmq-dbslGwj drnfsh nxdó jsvsYb. ˆv äfvf mfbcN dbsuslv ƒhflk W ifdKGh uDhsbv nmq W kfvDJ dbLGfvB jvsk ifsv. nckvfQ hf¦lfv iadk k]fv Jfn vrmk ˆƒ sp, dkdb Ivp svfpf ðv¢ rWqfv dhNqef ˆjde ˆmb ±ió dudbn W iaje dysrÁv …iv dbHGvwDt jsvsYb, pf njt mfbcNƒ ufsb. zhwA svfpf Wqfsuh rWqfv ubA ˆ wkG bq sp, iaskAj mcndtmsjƒ y]fl slJsk rsh. hvQ djYc nQJAj stfj slJst, hvQ - ndEj msk - ˆjub slJstƒ; pdl sn dbHGvspfoA W dhw¶²À hAdÙÁ rq, kfrst kfv slJf msk njstv ubA svfpf vfJf uv¢vD rsq pfsh. zhwA kfslv njstv ys¦ûv …lq-²¿t ˆj rq ksh. (Ifvfvf} 28ix}) ƒhsb …mfv hstb, ˆjlf stfsjvf bkcb y]fl slJsk umfsqk rt. zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -sj Jhv dltfm sp, zfdm y]fl slsJdY. dkdb zfmfv ˆ Jhsv svfpf vfJstb ˆhQ


23

stfsjslvsj svfpf vfJsk zfslw jvstb. (zflf} 2342, lf} 2/4, ƒdr} 871bQ, rf} 1/423, lfvf}, hf} 4/212, ƒo} 4/16) 2. vmpfb iashw rWqfv jKf iamfB jvfv däkDq …ifq rt, (y]fl slJf bf sost) wf'hfb mfnsj 30 dlb iCBG jsv sbWqf. (zhwA ˆv ubA wkG rt wf'hfb mfsnv ðv¢v drnfh vfJf.) ˆ hAfifsv iCshG …sïdJk lcde rflDn zfmfslvsj iKdbslGw jsv. pfsk htf rsqsY, ªpdl zfjfsw smO Kfsj, kfrst wf'hfsbv Èbdk 30 iCBG jsv bfW.«

sssuuuAAA fff dddkkkNNN---oooBBBbbbfffvvv ………iiivvv dddbbbHHHGG Gvvv jjjvvvfff pppfffssshhh bbbfff }}}

…ipGcÙÁ lcde …ifq YfVf zbA …ifsq mfn iashw rWqfv jKf iamfB jvf pfsh bf. nckvfQ suAfdkN-oBbf hf idÓjf msk vmpfb mfn Lsv dbsq svfpf Ivp rsh bf. htf hfùtA, pdl suAfdkNDslv drnfh msk zfusjv vfk vmpfsbv iaKm kfvDJ rq, dj§Â náAfq sj…ƒ y]fl bf slsJ Kfsj, kfrst svfpf vfJf pfsh bf. spsrkc wvDqk svfpf vfJfv dhLfbsj ˆjde hfdrAjHfsh …ité dudbsnv …iv dbHGvwDt jsv dlsqsY. zfv kf rt y]fl slJf. (mcm} 6/314) kf YfVf idÓjfv drnfh dbHGct bq. ˆj ˆtfjfq nyt rstW zbA ˆtfjfq zyt. zkˆh kfv …iv Hvnf jsv syfJ hcsu svfpf vfJf ShL bq. idÓjfv drnfshv …iv dbHGv jvfv jKf wvDqk W dhshsj öDjxk bq. sjbbf, mcndtm …©mfr rpvk mcrf©mfl -ˆv bhczk jft sKsj dbsq zfuW ipG§À y]fl slJfv …ivƒ dbHGv jsv; drnfshv …iv Hvnf bf jsv, sjht mrfbhD -ˆv zbcnvsB svfpf svsJ zfnsY. sp n©mfdbk bhD hstb, ªzfmvf rtfm dbv[v ufdk. zfmvf dtJfiVf ufdb bf ˆhQ drnfhW ufdb bf. mfn jJsbf ˆƒ vjm rq, jJsbf ˆƒ vjm rq. zKGf{, jJsbf 29 dlsb rq ˆhQ jJsbf 30 dlsb.« (hc} 1913bQ) rfsIp ƒhsb rfufv …ÙÁ rflDsnv eDjfq hstb, ˆJfsb `drnfh' htsk `suAfdkND drnfh'sj hcUfsbf rsqsY. zfv kJb ˆ drnfh Jchƒ jm nQJAj stfj YfVf sj…ƒ ufbk bf. kfƒ svfpf vfJf ˆhQ zbAfbA hAfifv y]fl slJfv …iv dbHGvwDt jsv slWqf rsqsY. pfsk ˆ dhNsq stfsjvf zncdhLf kKf suAdkND oBbfv jó sKsj svrfƒ ifq. ivhkGDjfst djYc stfj ˆ drnfh dwJstW svfpf vfJf-bf vfJfv dhNqef ˆƒHfshƒ ytsk Kfjt. hvQ rflDsnv iajfwA …dÙÁ mCtk} drnfshv …iv dbHGv bf jvskƒ ƒdÌk jsv. zfv ˆ jKf zfsvf ±ió jsv slq iCshGfÙÁ rflDn. pfsk htf rsqsY, ªpdl zfjfsw smO Kfsj, kfrst wf'hfsbv Èbdk 30 iCBG jsv bfW.« ˆJfsb ˆ jKf htf rqdb sp, pdl zfjfsw smO Kfsj, kfrst suAfdkNDslvsj duÎfnf jsv bfW.« ˆƒ dhLfsbv iÇyfsk pcdÙÁ ˆƒ sp, zfjfw zidv°jfv Kfjfv nmq nQJAf iCvB jsv dbst kfsk njt zfÎfiafå mcndtm nmfb rsq pfsh ˆhQ ˆv Ist kfslv msLA sjfb iajfv mksHl W UoVf zhdwó Kfjsh bf. (Ihf} 4/151)


yyy ]] ] ffflll ssslllJJJfffvvv uuubbbAAA lllCC CvvvhhhDDDbbb hhhAAAhhhrrrfffvvv }}} y]fl slJfv ubA lCsvv dudbn jfsYv jsv slJfv p§Ã lCvhDb hAhrfv jvf slfNfhr bq. zhwA lCvhDb hAhrfv jvf hf y]fl slJfv ubA kf ÛÁq jvf Wqfsuh bq. jfvB, hfdrAjHfsh ncâfr ˆ jKfƒ dbslGw jsv sp, ˆv ubA öfHfdhj lwGsbv …iv dbHGv rsh, zöfHfdhj sjfb lwGsbv …iv bq. khcW pdl sjfb dhw¶²À hAdÙÁ ‰ ps§Ãv mfLAsm y]fl slsJ Kfsj, kfrst kfv ‰ slJfv …iv zfmt jvf pfsh. hù iChG pcsoW stfsjvf 29sw wf'hfb hf 29sw vmpfb …]yc …]yc dmbfsv ysV ‰ swaBDv ps§Ãv mfLAsm y]fl slJk. pfƒ hf srfj, sp sjfb mfLAm W …ifsq, sp sjfb iajfsv y]fl slJf sost snƒ slJfv …iv zfmt jvf uv¢vD rsh. sjbbf, mrfbhD -ˆv hfBD ˆ hAfifsv nfLfvB. dkdb hstb, ªskfmvf y]fl slsJ svfpf vfJ ˆhQ y]fl slsJ „l jv.« (48} 31ix})

………lllqqq²²²¿¿ ¿ ssstttvvv dddhhhdddHHHâââkkkfff }}} zdHÎslv ‰jAmsk y]fslv …lq²¿t dHâ dHâ ˆhQ …lqjftW zbcv™i. zfv ˆƒ dHâ …lqjfstv Istƒ sjfKfW y]fl slJf pfq, sjfKfW pfq bf. nckvfQ …lq-²¿t dHâ rst iaskAj ˆtfjfv ubA ixKj lwGb uv¢vD. i[f§Àsv …lq²¿t hf …lqjft ˆjƒ rst ˆjƒ ˆtfjfHcÙÁ stfsjslv ubA 2/1 usbv lwGb zbcpfqD zfmt jvf Wqfsuh rsh. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªzkˆh skfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb ˆ mfsn svfpf vfsJ.« (jc} 2/185) zfv pfslv …lq²¿t Wslv mk bq, kfslv ubA htf pfsh bf sp, Wvf y]fl slsJsY; bf iajxkis[, zfv bf-ƒ zfifklxsó. zKy mrfb zfïfr kfslv ubA svfpf Ivp jsvsYb, pfvf y]fl slsJsY. mrfbhD hstb, ªskfmvf y]fl slsJ svfpf vfJ ˆhQ y]fl slsJ „l jv.« ˆƒ zfÎfq svfpf vfJfv zfslwsj y]fl slJfv wkG-nfsi[ jvf rsqsY. htf hfùtA, sp hAdÙÁ ˆmb ufqofq hfn jsv, sp ufqofv …lq²¿t sp y]fl slsJsY kfv …lq²¿stv zbcv™i bq, sn hAdÙÁ (spsrkc kfv dbsuv ˆtfjfq sj… y]fl slsJdb snsrkc) zfnst y]fl slsJdb; bf iajxkis[, zfv bf-ƒ zfifklxsó. iv§Â mfdnj nmqjft iafkAdrj nmqjfstv mkƒ. nckvfQ spmb iaskAj slw iafkAdrj snrvDv W ƒIkfsvv hAfifsv dHâ dHâ nmq hAhrfv jsv Kfsj, dEj skmdbƒ mfdnj svfpf ðv¢ W swN rWqfv nmq dHâ dHâ rWqf uv¢vD. zfv ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, mcndtmslv ‰jAmsk Sldbj nmsqv ök§Ã iaHfh zfsY. kfƒ pfvf iafsyA hfn jsv kfvf kfslv zfso snrvD JfWqf há jvsh; pfvf iakDsyA hfn jsv. zbcv™i iafsyAv stfj iakDsyAv stfjslv iCshG ƒIkfv jvsh. nckvfQ pJb Sldbj nmsq nCspGv …lqf²À jfstv dHâkf smsb dbsk hfLA, kJb kfvƒ n©iCBG zbcv™i mfsnv hAfifsvW ys¦ûv …lqjfstv dHâkfsj smsb dbsk zfmvf hfLA. zfv ˆ jKf htf jfsvf ubA pcdÙÁ nÌk rsh bf sp, spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªzfv skfmvf ifbfrfv jv, pk[B ipG§À bf (vfskv) jfstf zájfv sKsj Iusvv nflf svJf


25

skfmfslv dbje ±ió rsqsY.« (jc} 2/187) ˆhQ mrfbhD hstb, ªvfk pJb ˆdlj (iChG ooB) sKsj zfok rsh, dlb pJb ˆdlj (idÇym ooB) sKsj dhlfq sbsh ˆhQ nCpG pJb z²À pfsh, kJb svfpflfv ƒIkfv jvsh.« (hc} 1941, mc} 1100, 1101, zflf} 2351, 2352, dk}, lf}) zfv ˆ jKf sj… htsk ifsv bf sp, …ÙÁ dbslGw nfvf dhsw¶v njt slswv mcndtmslv ubA hAfij. jcvfƒh hstb, ˆjlf …©mct IfpXt dh§Ât rfsvN zfmfsj wfm slsw mczfdhqfv dbje ifEfstb. zfdm wfm (dndvqf) si]ZsY k]fv iasqfub iCBG jvtfm. zk}iv zfmfv wfsm Kfjf jfstƒ vmpfb ðv¢ rt. (hxr±idkhfv dlhfok) ucmzfv vfsÛ y]fl slJtfm. zk}iv mfsnv swN dlsj mlDbfq ˆtfm. zfècïfr dhb zfêfn zfmfsj y]fslv hAfifsv duÎfnf jvstb, `skfmvf jsh y]fl slsJY?' zfdm httfm, `zfmvf ucmzfv vfsÛ slsJdY.' dkdb htstb, `kcdm dbsu slsJY?' zfdm httfm, ùD rA]f. zfv stfsjvfW slsJ svfpf svsJsY ˆhQ mczfdhqfW svfpf svsJsYb.' ƒhsb zfêfn htstb, `dj§Â zfmvf skf (ðÛÁhfv dlhfok) wdbhfv vfsÛ y]fl slsJdY. zkˆh zfmvf 30 iCBG bf rWqf ipG§À zKhf bkcb y]fl bf slJf ipG§À svfpf vfJsk Kfjh.' zfdm httfm, `mczfdhqfv lwGb W k]fv svfpfv Jhv dj zfibfv ubA psKó bq?' dkdb htstb, `bf. zfïfrv vnCt zfmfslvsj ˆ vjmƒ zfslw dlsqsYb.' (mc} 1078 bQ) wfqJct ƒntfm ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr (v}) ˆƒ jKfsjƒ shwD iafLfbA dlsqsYb sp, sp slswv stfj y]fl slsJsY kfslv ˆhQ kfslv nfmsbv (idÇym) slswv stfsjslv ubA svfpf vfJf Wqfsuh. zfv ˆ jKf oshNBf jsv iamfB jsvsYb sp, pJbƒ sjfb slsw y]fl slJf pfsh, kJbƒ kfv ivhkGD (idÇymD) slsw y]fl zhwA zhwAƒ slJf pfsh. sjbbf, sn slswv nCpG slvDsk z²À pfq. ˆƒHfsh pk slvDsk nCpG Fchsh, y]fl nCpG sKsj kk lCv rsh ˆhQ kk …Ï¶t W ±ió rsh. …lfrvBöv™i pdl hfrvfƒsb y]fl slJf pfq, kfrst kfv iÇyfskv slw buXl (dvqfp), drufp (mÄf-mlDbf), dmnv W mvsÄfskW svfpf Wqfsuh rsh. i[f§Àsv kfv iChG dlsjv slw dr¦lX, dn¦lX W mf zvfzfb bfrfv (ƒvfb, ifdj²Àfb W Hfvskv) stfjslv ubA svfpf vfJf Wqfsuh rsh bf. (mcm} 6/321-322, ƒhsb ƒnfƒmDb, Ifdn} mcndbl 15ix}, ƒhsb duhvDb, Ifdn} duvfƒnD 10ix}) klbcv™iƒ hfQtfslsw y]fl rsqsY hst ifjf Jhv ifWqf sost idÇymhfQtfv stfsjslv ubA svfpf vfJf Wqfsuh rsh; pdlW smsOv jfvsB snJfsb (idÇym hfQtfq) y]fl bf slJf pfq.

sssjjj……… ˆjjjfff yyy]] ] ffflll ssslllJJJsssttt dddjjj jjjvvvssshhh??? sp hAdÙÁ sjfb lCvhkGD ufqofq sKsj ˆjfjD y]fl slsJ; slJfsk kfv sjfb nfKD bf Kfsj zKhf sn YfVf zbA sj… bf slsJ ˆhQ ˆ slJfv hAfifsv dbdÇyk rq, kfrst kfv ubA svfpf vfJf Wqfsuh. jfvB, ˆ hAfifsv mrfb zfïfrv nfLfvB hfBD rt,


ن ش ه د م ن ك م الش ه ر ف ل ي ص م ه ف م ( ( zKGf{, zkˆh skfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb ˆ mfsn svfpf vfsJ. (jc} 2/185) zfv mrfbhD hstb, ªskfmvf y]fl slsJ svfpf vfJ.« dj§Â sn pdl wrv hf oafsm Kfsj ˆhQ wvqD zflftk hf drtft-jdmdev nfmsb kfv nf[A siw jsv ˆhQ kfv sn nf[A vÜX jsv slWqf rq, kfrst ˆ zh²¿fq sn sofisb svfpf vfJsh. pfsk iajfswA nmfsuv dhsvfdLkf iajfw bf rq. (mcm} 6/329, 48} 36ix}, zfnfƒ} 41-42ix})

jjjfffsssIIIvvv ssslllssswww hhhnnnhhhfffnnnjjjfffvvvDDD dddjjj jjjvvvssshhh??? sp mcndtmvf jfsIv slsw hfn jsv, spJfsb kfslv y]fl slJfv wvqD hAh²¿f sbƒ, snJfsb kfvf dbsuvf y]fl slJf wvqDHfsh iamfB jvsk ifsv. kfvf dbsuvfƒ y]fl slJfv lfdqk¶ hrb jvsh. djYc …tfmf W oBAmfbA stfj dmst drtft-jdmde oEb jvsh. zk}iv k]fslv jfsY y]fl slJf iamfB rst iayfv-mfLAsm iayfv jvsh zKhf sedtsIfsbv mfLAsm ˆj ˆj ˆtfjfv sbkx²¿fbDq stfj hf ƒmfmslvsj ufdbsq slsh. i[f§Àsv ˆ jfu kfslv äfvf n©Hh bf rst; sn slsw dbsu dbsu y]fl slJf n©Hh bf rst, dbjehkGD mcndtm slswv Jhv zbcpfqD svfpf-„l jvsh. (48} 35ix}, nfvf} 18ix}) dhswN jsv ‰ slw iCshG zhd²¿k rst ˆhQ wvqDHfsh y]fl slJfv jKf ±ióHfsh sOfNBf jvf rst kf oarBspfoA. ˆ s[sÛ zfofmD jft svfpf hf „l htst, sn Jhsv zf²¿f vfJf hf y]fl slJf iamfB rWqfv jKf Lvf pfq bf. zkˆh kJb mfn 30 iCBG jsvƒ svfpf-„l jvf uv¢vD rsh.

nnn†††dddlllqqqfffvvv yyy]] ] ffflll zzzbbbcc cnnnfffsssvvv sssvvvfffpppfff---„„„lll yyytttssshhh bbbfff iCshGƒ zfstfdyk rsqsY sp, mcndtm sp slsw hfn jvsh, snƒ slswvƒ y]fl slJf zbcpfqD svfpf-„l jvsh. sjbbf, mrfbhD hstb, ªspdlb skfmvf svfpf vfJ, sndlb svfpfv dlb, spdlb skfmvf „l jv, sndlb „slv dlb ˆhQ spdlb skfmvf jcvhfbD jv sndlb jcvhfbDv dlb.« (dk}, dnn} 224bQ) nckvfQ n†lD zfvsh y]fl slJfv jKf iamfB W sOfNBf jvf rst ˆhQ sp slsw ‰ mcndtm hfn jsv sn slw iCshG rst W snJfsb y]fl slJfv jKf iamfB W sOfNBf bf rst sn n†dlqfv sOfNBf msk svfpf-„l jvsk ifsv bf. spmb n†dlqfv ƒIkfvDv nmq zbcnfsv zbA slswv sj… ƒIkfvD jvsk ifsv bf. (Ifdn}, mcndbl 20ix})

IIIuuusssvvvvvv iiivvv yyy]] ] ffflll rrrWWWqqqfffvvv JJJhhhvvv sssiiisssttt sp hAdÙÁ vmpfb mfn iashw (y]fl) rWqfv jKf Iusvv iv dlsbv sjfb zQsw ufbsk


27

ifsv kfv …dyk, (zfso djYc sJsq KfjstW) hfjD dlb ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl sKsj dhvk Kfjf. jfvB, sn dlb rt vmpfsbv isrtf kfvDJ. zfv vmpfsbv sjfb dlsb sjfb oxrhfnD (zmcnfdIv) nc²¿ mfbcsNv ubA svfpf HÌjfvD sjfb dudbn hAhrfv jvf ShL bq. dj§Â kfsj dj ‰ dlbde jfpf jvsk rsh? ˆ hAfifsv …tfmfslv mfsU mksHl zfsY. zdLjfQw …tfmf msb jsvb sp, kfsj ‰ dlbde jfpf jvsk rsh. jfvB, sn (ifbfrfv jsvsY, kf bf jvstW) (Iusvv zfso vfdÛ hf) dlsbv ðv¢ sKsj svfpfv dbqk jsvdb. hvQ dlsbv djYc zQw kfv dhbf dbqsk zdkhfdrk rsq sosY. zfv dbqk YfVf djYc ðÝ rq bf. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, ªnjt zfmt dbqskv …iv dbHGvwDt ˆhQ iaskAj mfbcsNv kfƒ iafiA rq, pfv sn dbqk jsv Kfsj.« (hc} 1, mc} 1907bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ Iusvv iCshG vfdÛ sKsj dbqk bf jsv Kfsj, kfv svfpf rq bf.« (bf}, lfvf}, hf}, ƒo} 914, nuf} 6534, 6535bQ) htf hfùtA, ˆJfsb svfpf htsk Ivp svfpfsj hcUfsbf rsqsY. jfvB, bIt svfpfv dbqk dlsbv shtfq jvstW rsq pfq. ksh wkG rt, ƒdkiCshG sn spb svfpf bójfvD sjfb dudbn hAhrfv bf jsv Kfsj. (ˆ jKf bIt svfpfv zLAfsq htf rsh ƒb wfzfïfr.) i[f§Àsv djYc …tfmf msb jsvb sp, ‰ dlb jfpf jvf uv¢vD bq. jfvB, (pdl sn sjfb svfpf bójfvD dudbn hAhrfv jsvƒ sIstsY, kfrst) sn skf bf susbƒ jsvsY. zfv sp bf susb djYc jsv, kfv bf ufbfef ˆjef oarBspfoA Wuv. (pfmf} 2/74, dnn} 6/251) khcW htf pfq sp, jfpf jsv sbWqfefƒ iChG nkjGkfmCtj ils[i ˆhQ lfqmcÙÁ rWqfv swaô iK. spsrkc mfbcsNv ˆjde dlb jfpf jsv sbWqf ˆhQ db}ns¦lsr dbsuv lfdqk¶ iftb jsv sbWqf ns¦lsr iVf sKsj …Ùm. zfv mrfbhD skf hstsYbƒ, ªsp dudbn skfmfsj ns¦lsr sIst sn dudbnsj huGb jsv kcdm snƒ dudbn oarB jv, pf skfmfsj ns¦lsr sIst bf.« (zf}, dk}, bf}, ƒdr}, k¶fh}, nuf} 3377-3378bQ) ˆjefƒ skf dlb; pf jfpf jvf zdk nru ˆhQ sjfb jó sbƒ kfsk. dhswN jsv kfsk vsqsY ns¦lsrv dbvnb, msbv wfd§À ˆhQ r™lsqv nf§À¶bf. (mcm} 6/343, 48} 37ix}, ƒhsb hfp, Ifdn} mcndbl 19ix}, mh} 30/116)

zzzfffmmmvvvfff vvvmmmpppfffbbb mmmfffnnnsssjjj dddjjj dddlllsssqqq öööfffoookkk uuufffbbbfffhhh??? vmpfb ˆmb ˆjde mfn, pfv vsqsY ˆk ˆk ShdwóA, ˆk ˆk mfrfk¹A. ˆƒ mfnsj zfmvf dj dlsq hvB jvh? sjfbX dudbn dlsq kfsj `sJfw zfmsll` ufbfh? ˆƒ idhÛ mfnsj öfok ufbfsk lcƒ vjm lcƒ swaBDv mfbcN vsqsY; iaKm iajfv mfbcN rt kfvf; pfvf ˆ mfn dbsq JcwD rq, ˆv zfomsb zfb¦lshfL jsv. kfv jfvB, kfvf ˆ mfsn svfpf vfJsk zHAfnD. ˆ mfsnv njt jó hvB jvsk iaqfnD. jfvB, kfvf ufsb sp, ƒrjfstv ncJ-ns©Hfo huGb jvst, kf ivjfst ifWqf pfq. jfvB, kfvf …itdé jsv sp, ˆ mfn rt zfïfrv ƒhflk W zfbcoskAv ˆhQ k]fv


SbjeAlfkf zfmst iadkspfdokf jvfv dhwft smZnm. kfvf ufsb sp, zfïfr zfppf zufïX ˆ mfsn sp nWqfh hf¦lfsj ialfb jvshb, kf zfv zbA sjfb mfsn jvshb bf. nckvfQ diaq spmb kfv iahfnD diaqkm hf klsi[f diaqkv djYcv zfomsb zfb¦l ifq, dEj kfvƒ mk vmpfsbv zfomsb kfslv zfbd¦lk rWqfsk zfÇyspGv djYc bq. ˆƒ rt iaKm swaBDv mfbcN. däkDq swaBDv mfbcN rt kfvf, pfvf ˆƒ idhÛ mfnsj HfvD msb jsv, svfpfv jósj hV msb jsv. nckvfQ pJbƒ ˆ mfsnv zfomb Ose, kJbƒ sn msb jsv kfv Osv spb ˆj zhfdÒk smsrmfb ˆt. Ist ðv¢ sKsjƒ sn kfv O¦ef, dlb W vfk Èbsk Kfsj. zSLpG rsq kfv dhlfq mcrCskGv zsi[f jvsk Kfsj. ˆj ˆjef dlb ifv rskƒ kfv zfb¦l rq. idvswsN pJb „l zfnfv nmq rq, kJb ˆƒ mfn zdkhfdrk rWqf dbjehkGD susb hÖ JcwD rq! ˆƒ swaBDv mfbcNvf ˆƒ mrdkiCBG mfnsj ˆƒ ubA HfvD msb jsv ˆhQ kfVfkfdV zdkhfdrk rWqfv ubA zLDv zfoasr zsi[f jsv sp, kfvf kfslv zShL sHfo-dhtfsn mÙ rWqf YfVfW ifbfrfv W spZbfyfv ƒkAfdl ncJ-ns©Hfso zdLjfdLj zHAfnD Kfsj. zfv snƒ sHfo-dhtfn hAhrfv jvfv isK ˆƒ mfn kfslv ubA hfLf W z§Àvfq rsq l]fVfq. ˆ mfn kfslv ncJ-…isHfsov iadkháj drnfsh zfomb jsv. pfv Ist kfvf ˆƒ mfnsj iayà HfvD shfL jsv Kfsj. zfsvf ˆjef jfvB ˆƒ sp, kfvf ˆmb ˆj n©ialfq, pfvf zfïfrv zfbcoskAv hAfifsv hV zmsbfspfoD. ˆmb dj kfslv msLA zsbsj Ivp W Wqfsuh zfmstW ŠlfnA ialwGb jsv Kfsj; spmb kfvf bfmfp isV bf. zk}iv ˆƒ mfn iashw jvst sjfb sjfb zfmt kfvf jvsk ðv¢ jsv slq. dj§Â zfnst kfvf ‰ zfmst zHAfnD bq. pfv Ist vmpfb mfndesjƒ HfvD msb jsv Kfsj. (lcvf} 6-8ix}) htf hfùtA, zfïfrv sbj hf¦lfv ubA …dyk, ˆƒ idhÛ mfnsj nkA W J]fde kWhf dlsq; ifi huGb jsv ˆhQ icbvfq sn ifi bf jvfv ifÄf nQj¬i dbsq sJfw-zfmsll ufbfsbf. ˆƒ mfnsj zfmvf öfok ufbfh, nhGiajfv m¦l jfu sKsj dhvk rsq; dmKAfhfdlkf, oDhk, zw½Dtkf, ofb-hfubf iaHxdk huGb jsv. ˆƒ mfnsj zfmvf öfok ufbfh, jcvzfb sktfzk, lczf W dpjXsvv mfLAsm. zfv sjfb ofItdkv mfLAsm kfsj öfok ufbfh bf. ˆjub sbjjfv hstsYb, `zfqc skf ö¬i. nckvfQ ofItdk dlsq kfsj zfsvf z¬i jsv dlW bf.' (kfIfnfnf} 65ix}) ˆƒ mfnsj zfmvf öfok ufbfh, zjxdÛm W nclxP nQj¬i, nc…¤y dr©mk W msbfht äfvf, kfv dlbÈdtsj nchBG ncspfov™si sbj jfsu hAhrfv jvfv mfLAsm ˆhQ kfv idhÛ nmqÈdtsj zpKf hAq bf jvfv mfLAsm. ˆƒ mfnsj zfmvf öfok ufbfh, zfoar, ±ICdkG, …{nfr W …ÜDibfv nfsK, dbmGt


29

r™lsq ncnQhfl oarsBv nfsK ˆhQ shwD shwD jsv zfmt W ƒhflk jvfv ia²Âdk dbsq. njt iajfv zftnA jfdesq, zdkdbûfv zdk idvrfv jsv ˆhQ kfv zfomsb dhvdÙÁshfL ialwGb bf jsv. zfv ˆƒ mfnsj zfmvf öfok ufbfh bf, sJt-kfmfwfv mfLAsm; ifjG, mqlfb hf vf²Àfv Lfsv hsn rfWqf sJsq vfdÛ ufovB jsv, zKhf kfn, sjvfm hf zbA sjfb sJtf sJst, zKhf dedH, dHdFW, svdFW hf zbA sjfb ps§Ãv mfLAsm sbfQvf Ydh slsJ W ofb-hfubf ðsb, zKhf ofdV dbsq ICdkGhfdu jsv, bfej-pfÛf hf dI¬mX slsJ. Hfƒ mcndtm! ˆƒ idhÛ mfnsj; ˆv dlb W vfdÛv iadkde mcrCkGsj zfibfv ˆj ˆjde nchBG ncspfov™si Îfb jvf …dyk. nckvfQ ivjfstv ifsKq nQoar jvsk, jtAfsBv Hfàfv idviCBG jvsk zfïfrv SbjeA tfH jvsk sjfb iajfsvv zhÎf ialwGb jvf …dyk bq. zdHÎ W ÎfbD mfbcN jtAfsBv smZnmnmCrsj srtfq rfvfsk yfq bf. hvQ ncspfsov näAhrfv jsv ˆhQ mrfb iadkiftsjv jv¢Bf tfsHv njt jfu jvfv syófq Kfsj. dhlfq dlsbv ubA isKv nìt nfsK jsv sbq. zfv sj ufsb Hfƒufb! rqskf hf ˆƒ hYsvv mxk mfbcNslv svduófsv zfibfv bfmdeW dtJf zfsY! nckvfQ utdl jv¢b, wDOa jv¢b. ˆJbW nmq zfsY, v[f ifWqfv n©Hfhbf zfsY, zfmt ðv¢ jsv dlb. (lcvf} 108ix}) iajfw Kfsj sp, vmpfb mfn zfok rWqfv nmq ˆj zivsj smfhfvjhfl ufbfsbf slfNfhr bq. spsrkc mrfbhD nfrfhfoBsj vmpfb mfn zfomsbv ncnQhfl dlskb ˆhQ kfv iadk pk dbsk zbciafdBk jvskb. (70} 11bQ)

wwwfff'''hhhfffsssbbbvvv ssswwwNNN lllcc cƒƒƒ hhhfff ˆjjjdddlllbbb sssvvvfffpppfff sssvvvsssJJJ vvvmmmpppfffbbb hhhvvvBBB jjjvvvfff

iChGnkjGkfmCtjHfsh vmpfsbv ˆj dlb zfso sKsj svfpf vfJf ShL bq. jfvB, vmpfsbv svfpf y]fl slJfv nfsis[. nckvfQ ˆ hAfifsv dbsusj Hfvoa²À jvf …dyk bq. rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf jkGxj hdBGk, bhD hstb, ªskfmfslv sj… spb vmpfsbv zfso zfso ˆjde hf lcde svfpf bf vfsJ. zhwA ˆmb hAdÙÁv jKf dHâ, sp snƒ dlsbv svfpf vfJfq zHAfnD. kfv …dyk, sndlsb svfpf vfJf.« (zf}, hc} 1914, mc} 1082, nczf})

ykcKG zLAfq

vvvmmmpppfffsssbbbvvv sssvvvfffpppfffqqq mmmfffbbbcc csssNNNvvv ssswwwaa aBBBDDDsssHHHlll vmpfsbv svfpf iaskAj nfhftj, Îfbn©iâ, nfmKGAhfb, oxrhfnD (zmcnfdIv), nc²¿ W njt hfLf sKsj mcÙÁ mcndtm bvbfvDv …iv Ivp. ˆƒ jKfsj dHdÙ jsv vmpfsbv svfpfq ixdKhDv njt mfbcN jsqj Hfso dhHÙÁ rsq pfq. zfv iaskAj Hfsov vsqsY


ixKj ixKj zfrjfm W mfnfsqt. zfofmD idvs¤YlÈdtsk zfmvf snƒ nh jKfƒ zfstfybf jvh - ƒb wfzfïfr.

(((111))) jjjfffsssIIIvvv jfsIv hf zmcndtsmv ubA svfpf ˆ lcdbqfq zflfqspfoA Wqfsuh bq. sjbbf, sn svfpf vfJstW kf ðÝ rsh bf ˆhQ zfïfrv lvhfsv jhctW rsh bf. spsrkc svfpf (zbcv™i sp sjfb ƒhflk) ðÝ rWqfv zbAkm iaLfb wkG rt ƒntfm. (spmb wkG rt ƒJtfn W mcrf©mflD kvDjf.) mrfb zfïfr hstb,

و م ا م ن ع ه م أ ن ت ق ب ل م ن ه م ن ف ق ات ه م إ ال أ ن ه م ك ف ر و ا ب اهللا و ب ر س و ل ه و ال ي أ ت و ن ( الص ال ة إ ال و ه م ك س ال ى و ال ي ن ف ق و ن إ ال و ه م ك ار ه و ن (

zKGf{, Wslv zKG nfrfpA oarsB hfLf sjht ˆƒ dYt sp, Wvf zfïfr W k]fv vnCtsj zöDjfv jsv, bfmfsp SwdKstAv nfsK rfduv rq ˆhQ ˆjf§À zdb¤YfjxkHfshƒ lfb jsv. (jc} 9/54) htf hfùtA, lfsbv mk dudbn; pfv …ijfv zisvv …iv hskG -kf pdl jhct bf rq, kfrst zbAfbA ƒhflk shwD jhct bf rWqfv jKf. sjfb jfsIv pdl vmpfsbv dlsb ƒntfm oarB jsv, kfrst dlsbv zhdwófQw svfpf bójfvD dudbn rsk kfsj dhvk Kfjsk rsh. sjbbf, mcndtm rWqfv nfsK nfsK svfpf kfvW …iv Wqfsuh rsq pfq. zhwA ƒntfm jhct jvfv iCshG sp svfpf zdkhfdrk rsq sosY kf zfv jfpf jvsk rsh bf. jfvB, sn nmq kfv …iv svfpf Wqfsuh dYt bf. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

ق ل ل ل ذ ي ن ك ف ر و ا إ ن ان ت ه و ا ي غ ف ر ل ه م م ا ق د س ل ف ( ( zKGf{, jfsIvslvsj ht, pdl kfvf (jcIvD sKsj) dhvk rq, kfrst kfslv zkDskv ifi mfI jsv slWqf rsh. (jc} 8/38) zfv spsrkc stfsjvf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv pcso mcntmfb rk, zKy dkdb k]fslvsj kfslv (ƒntfsmv iCshG) Ycse pfWqf bfmfp, pfjfk hf svfpf jfpf jvsk zfslw jvskb bf. dj§Â mrfb zfïfr jft djqfmsk kf kAfo jvfv ubA ˆhQ zbcv™i äDsbv njt Wqfsuh jmG kAfo jvfv ubA jfsIvslvsjW wfd²À slshb. sndlb mcdmbvf jfsIvslvsj slfpsJ pfWqfv jfvB iansÌ sp iaw jvsh, snƒ jKf mrfb zfïfr jcvzfb mfuDsl …sïJ jsv hstb,

م ا س ل ك ك م ف ي س ق ر؟ ق ال و ا ل م ن ك م ن ال م ص ل ي ن ، و ل م ن ك ن ط ع م ال م س ك ي ن ، و ك ن ا ن خ و ض م ع ال خ ائ ض ي ن ، و ك ن ا ( ن ك ذ ب ب ي و م الد ي ن (

zKGf{, djsn skfmfslvsj nfjfv (ufrfâfsm) dbs[i jsvsY? kfvf htsh, zfmvf bfmfpD dYtfm bf, dmnjDbsj zfrfpG lfb jvkfm bf, zbAfq zfstfybfjfvDslv nfsK


31

zfstfybfq spfo dlkfm ˆhQ djqfmskv dlbsj dmKAf msb jvkfm. (jc} 74/42-46) (mcm} 6/331-332, Ifvfvf} 86ix}, ƒhsb …NfƒmDb Ifdn} mcndbl 26ix}) mcndtm svfpflfvslv nfmsb zmcndtmslv vmpfsbv dlsb ifbfrfv jvfq sjfb [dk sbƒ. sjbbf, kfsk svfpflfv mcndtm zfïfr zfppf zufïfv iawQnf jvsh sp, dkdb kfsj ƒntfsmv iadk iKialwGb jsvsYb; sp ƒntfsm vsqsY ƒrstZdjj W ifvstZdjj ncJ. (kfslvsj slsJ) zfïfr kfzftfv iawQnf jvsh sp, dkdb kfslv ‰ (ëókfv) zfil sKsj mcdÙÁ dlsqsYb; pfvf k]fv srlfqfskv zfstf oarB jsvdb. zfv dhdlk sp, mcndtsmv ubA pdlW ˆ lcdbqfsk vmpfsbv dlsb wvDqskv zfƒb zbcpfqD ifbfrfv jvf dbdNÝ, dj§Â djqfmskv dlb sn kfv …ipcÙÁ dhdbmq iafå rsh. sndlb kfsj htf rsh,

) ك ل و ا و اش ر ب و ا ه ن ي ئا ب م ا أ س ل ف ت م ف ي األ ي ام ال خ ال ي ة( zKGf{, skfmvf ifdKGh uDhsb Hfstf jfu jsvdYst kfvƒ jfvsB (zfu) kxdåv nfsK ifbfrfv jv. (jc} 69/24) zhwA nfLfvB ²¿fsb zmcndtmslvsj iajfwAHfsh ifbfrfv jvsk hfvB jvsk rsh. jfvB, kf ƒntfmD vfsóºv idvshswv iadkjCt. (48} 50-51ix})

(((222))) bbbfffmmmfffppp---kkkAAAfffoooDDD sp hAdÙÁ bfmfp Ivp rWqfv jKf zöDjfv jsv ˆhQ ƒ¤Yfjxk kf kAfo jsv sn hAdÙÁ …tfmfslv nhGn©mkHfsh jfsIv. i[f§Àsv sp hAdÙÁ zhsrtfq ztnkfv lv¢b bfmfp kAfo jsv, sn hAdÙÁW …tfmfslv ðÝ mkfbcnfsv jfsIv. mrfbhD hstb, ªmfbcN ˆhQ jcIv W dwsjGv mfsU (z§Àvft) bfmfp kAfo.« (mcndtm 82bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªzfmfslv mfsU W Wslv mfsU ycdÙÁƒ rt bfmfp. sp hAdÙÁ kf idvkAfo jsv sn jfsIv.« (zf}, dk} 2621, ƒmf} 1079bQ, rf}, ƒdr}, nkf} 561bQ) ˆJfsb jfsIv hf jcIXv htsk snƒ jcIXvsj hcUfsbf rsqsY, pf mfbcNsj ƒntfm sKsj Jfdvu jsv slq. spsrkc mrfbhD bfmfpsj mcdmb W jfsIvslv mfsU z§Àvft hst dydrÁk jsvsYb. zfv ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, jcIXvDv dmïk ƒntfmD dmïk sKsj dHâkv. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ ‰ ycdÙÁ iftb bf jvsh sn jfsIvslv ˆjub. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, ùkfnf} 9ix}) zfècïfr dhb wfj¶Dj¶ …jfƒtD hstb, `bhD -ˆv nfrfhfhx¦l bfmfp YfVf zbA sjfb zfmt kAfo jvfsj jcIvD msb jvskb bf.' (dk} 2622, rf}, nkf} 562bQ) htf hfùtA, sp hAdÙÁ jfsIv iakDqmfb rsh sn hAdÙÁv svfpf W njt iajfv ƒhflk ià rsq pfsh. jfvB, mrfb zfïfr hstb,

) و ل و أ ش ر ك و ا ل ح ب ط ع ن ه م م ا ك ان و ا ي ع م ل و ن ( zKGf{, kfvf pdl dwjG jvk, kfrst kfslv jxkjmG ià rsq spk. (jc} 6/88) klbcv™i snƒ njt svfpflfv pfvf sjht vmpfb mfsn bfmfp isV ˆhQ hfjD 11 mfn bfmfp isV bf, kfvf zfnst zfïfrsj sLfjf slq. jk dbjxó snƒ ufdk, sp ufdk dbu


iftbjkGf zfïfrsj sjht vmpfb mfsnƒ dysb; zbA mfsn dysb bf. ˆƒ swaBDv stfsjslv zvmpfsb bfmfp bf iVfv jfvsBƒ svfpfW ðÝ rsh bf. ksh kfvf svfpf YfVsk zfdló hf …idló bq. sjbbf, svfpf vfJst kfslv ubA mÌstvƒ zfwf jvf pfq. ˆsk kfvf äDsbv SbjeA sisk iaqfn ifsh. kfslv r™lsq sp zfïfrHDdkecjc zfsY kfv mfsUƒ zfwf jvf pfq sp, kfvf kWhf jsv 12 mfn bfmfp iVfW Lvsh. (²¿fqD …tfmf jdmde, Ifdn} mcndbl 28-29ix})

(3) dddwwwððð

bfhftj sYfe dwðv ubA svfpf Ivp bq. mrfbhD hstb, ªdkb hAdÙÁ dbje sKsj (ifi dtJfv) jtm kcst sbWqf rsqsY; ÎfbwCbA ifostv dbje sKsj; pk[B bf sn nc²¿ rsqsY. Ocm§À hAdÙÁv dbje sKsj; pk[B bf sn ufoak rsqsY. zfv dwðv dbje sKsj; pk[B bf sn nfhftj rsqsY.« (zf}, zflf}, dk}, ƒmf}, rf}, nuf} 3512-3514bQ) zhwA Îfbhfb dwð svfpf vfJst ðÝ rsh ˆhQ nWqfhW ifsh. zfv kfv dikf-mfkfv ubAW vsqsY kvdhqk W Hfstf jfsuv dbslGw slWqfv nWqfh. nckvfQ zdHHfhjslv …dyk, svfpf vfJsk n[m sYfe dwðslvsj svfpf vfJsk zfslw jvf, …{nfr dlsq kfslvsj ˆƒ dhvfe ƒhflsk zHAfnD jvf ˆhQ kfv ubA …äcÝjfvD icvõfv W …irfv dbLGfdvk jvf. mrfbhD -ˆv nfrfhfoB dbu dbu sYfe hf¤yfslvsj svfpf vfJsk zfslw dlskb. v¢hfƒsq' dhs§À mczfWdhp hstb, zfwCvfv njfst zfïfrv vnCt mlDbfv …ijsØ zhd²¿k zfbnfvslv mrïfq hst ifEfstb sp, ªsp hAdÙÁ Iusvv zfso sKsjƒ svfpf svsJsY, sn spb kfv svfpf iCvB jsv. zfv sp hAdÙÁv svfpf bf svsJ Iuv rsqsY, snW spb hfjD dlb svfpf vfsJ.« nckvfQ zfmvf kfv iv sKsj svfpf vfJkfm. zfmfslv sYfe dwðslvsj -zfïfrv ƒ¤Yfq- svfpf vfJfkfm ˆhQ kfslvsj dbsq mndusl spkfm. kfslv ubA kcstf äfvf ickct oVkfm. kfslv sj… Jfhfsvv ubA j]flsk tfost kfsj ‰ ickct dlkfm. zfv ˆƒHfsh ƒIkfsvv nmq rsq spk. zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, zfmvf kfslvsj ‰ sJtbf dlkfm, pfsk kfvf Hcst Kfsj ˆhQ sJtfv sOfsv kfslv svfpf iCBG jvsk ifsv. (mc} 1135bQ) dwð (öi´slfN rsq) dlsbv dHksv nfhftj rst dlsbv hfjD zQw svfpf bójfvD dudbn sKsj dhvk rsh. jfvB, ˆ[sB kfv ubA svfpf Ivp. zhwA ˆv iCshGv svfpfÈstf jfpf vfJsk rsh bf. sjbbf, iCshG kfv …iv svfpf Ivp dYt bf. (70} 12bQ) ianÌk} …sïJA sp, dkbdev msLA ˆjde t[B slsJ nfhftj sybf pfq; öi´slfN hf zbA iajfsv njfm hDpGifk rWqf, bfdHv bDsy smfef stfm oufsbf, zKhf 15 hYv hqn rWqf. zfv hfdtjfslv s[sÛ ˆjde zdLj t[B rt, mfdnj ðv¢ rWqf. htf hfùtA, hfdtjfv mfdnsjv Jcb zfnsk ðv¢ rstƒ sn nfhfdtjf; pdlW kfv hqn 10 hYv rq.


33

(mcm} 6/333, Ifvfvf} 87ix}, Icdnkfpf} 5ix})

(4) iiifffooottt ifostv …iv svfpf Ivp bq. jfvB, kfv …iv sKsj jtm kcst sbWqf rsqsY; spmb iCshGfÙÁ rflDsn …sïJ jvf rsqsY. zbcv™i zfL-ifotf, pfv Hfstf-ms¦lv kmDp sbƒ ˆhQ zbcv™i ²¿dhv hxÝ, pfv kmDp-Îfb bó rsq sosY. ˆ njt ÎfbrDb mfbcNslv kvI sKsj JflAlfbW Wqfsuh bq. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, Ifdn} 59ix}) ifot dlsbv dHksv nc²¿ rst kfv ubA dlsbv hfjD zQw svfpf bójfvD dudbn sKsj dhvk rWqf uv¢vD. jfvB, ˆ[sB kfv ubA svfpf Ivp. zhwA ˆv iCshGv svfpfÈstf jfpf vfJsk rsh bf. sjbbf, iCshG kfv …iv svfpf Ivp dYt bf. ifostv …iv sKsj (ifsiv) jtm kcst sbWqf rsqsY. dj§Â ifot pdl ˆmb rq sp, [sB ifot [sB Hfstf, kfrst ˆmb hAdÙÁv ubA Hfstf Kfjf zh²¿fq svfpf bójfvD dudbn sKsj dhvk Kfjf uv¢vD. zfv ifot Kfjf zh²¿fq kf LkGhA bq. i[f§Àsv Hfstf Kfjf zh²¿fq svfpf svsJ dlsb rEf{ ifot rsq sost kfv svfpf hfdkt bq. spmb sj… pdl sjfb svfo hf zfOfk ƒkAfdlv jfvsB shù]w hf zÎfb rsq pfq kfrst kfv svfpfW bó rq bf. sjbbf, sn Îfb Kfjf zh²¿fq svfpfv dbqk jsvsY, zkˆh zÎfb rstW sn dbqk bó rsh bf. ˆƒ dhLfb mCYGf, drdódvqf hf dub ifWqf svfoDvW. pdl sj… svfpf vfJfv Ist ([cLfv kfVbfq) shù]w rsq pfq, kfrst sn svfpf sHsÌ jfpf jvsk ifsv. dlsbv shtfq sj… shù]w rst ˆhQ nCpG z²À pfWqfv zfso djQhf isv ù]w dIsv ˆst kfv svfpf ðÝ. spsrkc sn sHfsv Hfstf zh²¿fq svfpf svsJsY. zhwA pdl sj… Iuv sKsj nCpGf²À ipG§À shù]w Kfsj, kfrst zdLjfQw …tfmfv msk kfv svfpf ðÝ bq. dj§Â zdLjfQw …tfmfv msk sn svfpfv jfpf jvsk rsh; kfsk shù]w Kfjfv nmq pkƒ shwD srfj bf sjb. (70} 26bQ, mcm} 6/365) sjfb sjfb zfrst ƒtXsmv Iskfqf msk sp hAdÙÁ shù]w rsq Kfsj hf (r™lXp§Ã há rWqfv Ist) djYcjft db±i¦l Kfsj, zKhf dbsuv sjfb mÌstv ubA ÎfbwCbAjfvD WNcL hAhrfv jsv zsykb Kfsj ˆhQ kf pdl 3 dlsbv jm rq kfrst sn ‰ shù]w hf zsykb Kfjfv dlbÈstf jfpf jvsh; spmb sj… Ocdmsq sKsj bfmfp bó jvst kfsj jfpf jvsk rq. i[f§Àsv 3 dlsbv shwD rst jfpf jvsk rsh bf; spmb ifotsj jfpf jvsk rq bf. (70} 26bQ) Ocm§À hAdÙÁ pdlW kfv …iv sKsj jtm kcst sbWqf rsq Kfsj, khcW kfv svfpf ðÝ, kfsj zfv jfpf jvsk rsh bf; pdlW sn nfvfde dlb Ocdmsq Kfsj. jfvB, Ocm rt öfHfdhj jmG. zfv kfsk nfdhGjHfsh zbcHCdk bó rq bf. (mcm} 6/366, zfnfƒ} 63ix})


(5) zzz[[[mmm hhhAAAdddÙÙÙÁÁÁ 1. hxÝ W ²¿dhv hf zKhG hAdÙÁ, pfv wfvDdvj [mkf db}swN rsq sosY ˆhQ dlsbv dlb zfsvf Jfvfsiv dlsj spsk spsk mvsBv dlsj zoanv rsk ystsY, sn hAdÙÁv ubA svfpf Ivp bq. jó rst sn svfpf vfJsh bf. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

ف د ي ة ط ع ام م س ك ي ن و ع ل ى ال ذ ي ن ي ط ي ق و ن ه (( (( zKGf{, pfvf svfpf vfJfv nfmKGA Kfjf nsÙ¶W svfpf vfJsk yfq bf, kfvf ˆv idvhskG ˆjub dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jvsh. (jc} 2/184) ƒhsb zfêfn htskb, ˆƒ zfqfk mbnCJ bq. kfvf rt zKhG hxÝ-hxÝf, pfvf svfpf vfJsk n[m bq. kfvf iaskAj dlsbv hlst ˆjde jsv dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jvsh. (hc} 4505bQ) zhwA ˆmb hxÝ, pfv sjfb Îfbƒ sbƒ, kfv ubA ˆhQ kfv idvhfsvv ubA sjfb djYc Ivp bq. kfv kvI sKsj svfpf vfJsk hf jfpf jvskW rsh bf ˆhQ dmnjDbW JfWqfsk rsh bf. jfvB, wvDqskv njt Hfv kfv is[ mfI rsq sosY. dj§Â sn pdl ˆmb hxÝ rq, sp jJsbf jJsbf Hfstf-ms¦lv kmDp jvsk ifsv, zfhfv jJsbf jJsbf zfshft-kfshft hsj, kfrst sp nmq sn Hfstf Kfsj snƒ nmq kfv ubA svfpf hf JflAlfb Ivp ˆhQ sp nmq kmDp-Îfb Kfsj bf sn nmq Ivp bq. (70} 30bQ) 2. ˆmb dyvsvfof, pfv svfo Hfstf rWqfv sjfb zfwf sbƒ; spmb jAf¦nfsvv svfoD (sie Jfdt vfJst sise p§ÃBf rq) ˆmb svfof hAdÙÁv ubA svfpf Ivp bq. jfvB, kfv ˆmb sjfb nmq sbƒ, sp nmsq sn kf vfJsk ifsv. zkˆh kfv kvI sKsj ˆjde svfpfv idvhskG ˆjde jsv dmnjDb JfWqfsk rsh. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, Icdnkfpf} 9ix})

JJJffflllAAAlllfffsssbbbvvv dddbbbqqqmmm }}} dmnjDbsj JflAlfsbv 2de dbqm zfsY }- iaKm ˆƒ sp, ˆj dlb Jfhfv SkvD jsv svfpfv nQJAf drnfsh dmnjDb sFsj Jfƒsq slsh. (zKhf ˆj ub dmnjDbsjƒ ‰ idvmfB dlb Jfƒsq slsh.) rpvk zfbfn hxÝ rsq sost kfƒ jvskb. dkdb ˆj zKhf lcƒ hYv svfpf vfJsk bf ifvst iakAr dmnjDbsj sofñX-v¢eD JfƒsqsYb. (hc} 928-929bQ) däkDq dbqm ˆƒ sp, ziÄ JflA lfb jvsh. zKGf{, slswv iaLfb JflA sKsj iaskAj dlsbv idvhskG iaskAj dmnjDbsj smfefmcde nWqf ˆj djstf jsv JflA (yft zKhf om) lfb jvsh. spsrkc jf'h dhb …uvfv ƒrvfm zh²¿fq mfKfq …jcb rst mrfbhD k]fsj hstb, ªskfmfv mfKf mcàb jsv sIt ˆhQ dkb dlb svfpf vfJ, djQhf iaskAj dmnjDbsj mfKfdiYc zLG nf' (smfefmcde nWqf ˆj djstf) jsv Yqde


35

dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jv, djQhf ˆjde Yfo jcvhfbD jv.« (hcJfvD 1816, mcndtm 1201bQ) zhwA snƒ nfsK djYc sofñX hf sjfb kvjfvDW dmnjDbsj lfb jvf …dyk. pfsk mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ hfBDv idviCBG zfbcokA n©Hh rq;

و ع ل ى ال ذ ي ن ي ط ي ق و ن ه ف د ي ة ط ع ام م س ك ي ن (( (( zKGf{, pfvf svfpf vfJfv nfmKGA Kfjf nsÙ¶W svfpf vfJsk yfq bf, kfvf ˆv idvhskG ˆjub dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jvsh. (jc} 2/184) JflA lfb jJb jvsh -sn hAfifsv ˆJdkqfv zfsY. pdl iaskAj dlb ˆjef jsv svfpfv dIlXqf lfb jsv, kfW ytsh. pdl mfsnv swsN nh dlbÈdt drnfh jsv ˆjƒ dlsb kf lfb jsv, kfW ytsh. ˆ hAfifsv hfLA-hfLjkf djYc sbƒ. ksh svfpfv zfsoƒ slWqf ytsh bf. jfvB, kf zfso svfpf vfJfv mk rsq pfsh. zfv vmpfsbv zfso wf'hfsb dj Ivp svfpf vfJf ytsh? (mcm} 6/335) nm²À JflAsj svfpfv nQJAf idvmfB dmnjDsbv mfsU h¦eb jvf pfsh. spmb nm²À JflA sjht …ipcÙÁ ˆjub dmnjDb zKhf ˆjde mfÛ dmnjDb idvhfvsjW slWqf pfsh. (ƒhsb duhvDb, Ifdn} duvfƒnD 32ix}) 3. sp hAdÙÁv svfo nfmdqj, pf snsv pfWqfv zfwf zfsY; spmb u¶v ƒkAfdl, ˆmb hAdÙÁv 3 zh²¿f rsk ifsv } (j) svfpf vfJst kfv jó rsh bf hf svfpf kfv sjfb [dk jvsh bf. ˆmb zh²¿fq kfv ubA svfpf vfJf Wqfsuh. jfvB, kfv sjfb Wuv sbƒ. (J) svfpf vfJst kfv jó rsh, dj§Â svfpf kfv sjfb [dk jvsh bf. ˆmb zh²¿fq kfv ubA svfpf vfJf mjv™r. jfvB, kfsk zfïfrv slWqf zbcmdk W kfv zfk¹fv iadk lqf ialwGb jvf sKsj dHâ zfyvB rsq pfq. zKy mrfb zfïfr hstb,

ف م ن ك ان م ن ك م م ر ي ضا أ و ع ل ى س ف ر ف ع د ة م ن أ ي ام أ خ ر( ( zKGf{, dj§Â skfmfslv msLA sj… znc²¿ hf mcnfdIv rst sn ziv sjfb dlb oBbf jvsh. (jc} 2/184) (o) svfpf vfJst svfpf kfv [dk jvsh. (svfo hxdÝ jvsh, zKhf sjfb hV svfo zfbqb jvsh, zKhf kfv zh²¿f mvBfiâ rsq pfsh.) ˆmkfh²¿fq kfv ubA svfpf vfJf rfvfm. sjbbf, dbsuv …iv [dk sFsj zfbf ShL bq. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

ل و ا أ ن ف س ك م ، إ ن اهللا ك ان ب ك م ر ح ي ما و ال ت ق ت ( ( zKGf{, skfmvf zfk¹rkAf jsvf bf. dbÇyq zfïfr skfmfslv iadk lqfwDt. (jc} 4/29) dkdb zfsvf hstb,

) و ال ت ل ق و ا ب أ ي د ي ك م إ ل ى الت ه ل ك ة( zKGf{, skfmvf dbsuslvsj L¶Qsnv mcsJ sEst dlW bf. (jc} 2/195)

rflDsn mrfbhD hstb, ªsj… dbsu [dkoa²À rsh bf ˆhQ zisvvW [dk jvsh bf.« (zf}, ƒmf}, rf}, hf}, lfvf}, dnn} 250bQ) svfpf svfpflfvsj [dk jvsY dj bf kf ufbf pfsh, svfpflfsvv dbsu dbsu [dk


zbcHh jvfv mfLAsm zKhf dhw¶²À sjfb FfÙÁfsvv Ifqnftf zbcpfqD. ˆƒ swaBDv svfoD sp dlsbv svfpf kAfo jvsh, snƒ dlsbv svfpf ivhkGDsk nc²¿ rst zhwAƒ jfpf jvsh. zfv ˆmb svfoDv kvI sKsj dmnjDbsj JflAlfb psKó bq. (mcm} 6/336-338, Icdnkfpf} 9-10ix}) swsNfÙÁ iajfv sjfb svfoD pdl jó W [dk öDjfv jsvW svfpf vfsJ, kfrstW kfv svfpf ðÝ W psKó rsh bf. hvQ kfsj nc²¿ zh²¿fq jfpf jvsk rsh. (mcrfïf 6/258) jfvB, ‰ nmq kfv ubA svfpf vfJf dbdNÝ. spmb kfwvDj W „slv dlbÈdtsk svfpf vfJf dbdNÝ; pf vfJf ShL bq ˆhQ vfJst ðÝW bq. ˆJfb sKsj djYc mcukfdrl svfoDslv ëf§À Ifqnftfv jKf ±ió rsq WsE, pfvf svfpf kfslv ubA jójv W [dkjv rWqf nsÙ¶W kf jfpf jvsk yfq bf. zfmvf hdt sp, kfvf Hct dnÝf§À oarB jsv Kfsj. kfvf mrfb zfïfrv lfb oarB jsv bf, k]fv slWqf zbcmdk jhct jsv bf ˆhQ dbsuslvsj [dkoa²À jsv. zKy dkdb hstb, ªskfmvf zfk¹rkAf jsvf bf.« (mcm} 6/353) i[f§Àsv svfo rfîf rst; spmb ndlG-jfdw, mfKf Lvf, of hAKf ƒkAfdl rst kfv Ist svfpf HfÌf ufsqp bq. zhwA pdl sjfb FfÙÁfsvv mfLAsm, zKhf dbsuv zdHÎkfv mfLAsm, zKhf iaht LfvBf msk ufbsk ifsv sp, svfpf vfJst kfv svfo hxdÝ ifsh, zKhf Hfstf rsk slvD rsh, zKhf zbA svfo zfbqb jvsh, kfrst kfv ubA svfpf bf vfJf ˆhQ isv jfpf jsv sbWqf ShL. hvQ ˆ s[sÛ svfpf vfJf mjv™r. zfv dlhfvfÛ tfofkfv svfo Kfjst svfoDv ubA vfsk svfpfv dbqk jvf Wqfsuh bq; pdlW njfst nc²¿ rWqfv n©Hfhbf Kfsj. spsrkc sn s[sÛ hkGmfb idvd²¿dkƒ dhyfpG.

(6) oooHHHGG GhhhkkkDDD WWW lllcc cÊÊÊlllfffÛÛÛDDD mmmdddrrrtttfff oHGhkD zKhf lcÊlfÛD mdrtf svfpf vfJfv lv¢b pdl dbsuslv jó rq zKhf kfslv dwðv [dkv zfwËf jsv, kfrst …Hsqv ubA svfpf bf svsJ pJb nru rsh zKhf [dkv zfwËf lCv rsh kJb svfpf jfpf jsv sbWqf ShL. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, Ifdn} 59ix}) htf hfùtA, (djYc …tfmfv dbje) oHGhkD W lcÊlfÛD mdrtfsj svfoDv …iv djqfn jvfƒ ndEj. nckvfQ svfoDv mk kfslv ubA svfpf bf vfJf ShL ˆhQ kfslv ubA nmq mk jfpf YfVf zbA djYc Wqfsuh bq. ˆsk kfvf dbsuslv [dkv zfwËf jv¢j zKhf kfslv dwðslv. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, ªzfïfr mcnfdIsvv …iv sKsj (pKfnmsq) svfpf ˆhQ zsLGj bfmfp, zfv oHGhkD W lcÊlfÛD mdrtfv …iv sKsj (pKfnmsq) svfpf tfOh jsvsYb.« (zf} 4/347, zflf} 2408, dk} 715, bf} 2276, ƒmf} 1667, nuf} 1835bQ) …isvfÙÁ rflDsnv …sÜwA ˆƒ sp, kfvf vmpfsb svfpf bf svsJ nmq mk jfpf jvsk ifsv. svfpf ˆsjhfsvƒ mfI bq. (mcm} 6/362) i[f§Àsv p]fvf kfslv ubA jfpf jvfv nfsK nfsK dmnjDbsj JflAlfsbvW jKf hst Kfsjb, k]fslv jKfv …iv djkfh W ncâfrv sjfb ltDt sbƒ. zfv mCt rt lfdqsk¶ djYc


37

bf Kfjf, pk[B bf lfdqk¶ zfnfv nis[ sjfb ltDt jfsqm rsqsY. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, Ifdn} mcndbl 66ix}) sjfb sjfb zfrst ƒtXm ˆƒ mksj iafLfbA dlsqsYb sp, oHGhkD W lcÊlfÛD mdrtfv ubA (dyvsvfof W z[m hxsÝv mk) sjht JflAlfbƒ Wqfsuh; jfpf Wqfsuh bq. ˆ mk sifNB jsvsYb ƒhsb zfêfn, ƒhsb …mfv W nf„l dhb uchfƒv. ƒhsb zfêfn ˆ hAfifsv ±ió hstb, `Wvf iaskAj dlsbv dhdbmsq ˆjde jsv dmnjDb JfWqfsh; svfpf jfpf jvsh bf.' zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY sp, ˆjlf dkdb k]fv ÛÁDklfnD ²ÃDsj oHG hf lcL lfb jvf zh²¿fq slsJ htstb, `kcdm z[m hAdÙÁv mk. skfmfv ubA iaskAj svfpfv dhdbmsq ˆjde jsv dmnjDb JfWqfsbf Wqfsuh. skfmfv ubA jfpf Wqfsuh bq.' (ƒo} 4/17-25 û}) dkdbƒ mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ hfBD ªpfvf svfpf vfJfv nfmKGA Kfjf nsÙ¶W svfpf vfJsk yfq bf, kfvf ˆv idvhskG ˆjub dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jvsh. (jc} 2/184) ˆv kInDsv hstsYb, `zfv oHGhkD W lcÊhkD mdrtf svfpf vfJsk Hq jvst svfpf bf svsJ iaskAj dlsbv idvhskG ˆjde jsv dmnjDb JfWqfsh.' nckvfQ ±ió …dÙÁv hkGmfsb djqfsnv sjfb iasqfub sbƒ. zhwA ƒhsb zfêfsnv ˆƒ mk snƒ mdrtfv ubA iaspfuA, sp mdrtf iaskAj lcƒ-zfVfƒ hYv iv iv n§Àfb LfvB jsv. jfvB, ˆƒ swaBDv mdrtf jfpf jvfv Icvnkƒ ifsh bf. sp sjfb nmsq rq sn oHGhkD Kfjsh, bsy{ lcÊlfdqbD. zfv oHG há bf rWqf ipG§À kfv svfpf vfJfv ncspfoƒ rsq …Esh bf. zkˆh sn dmnjDbsj Jfbf Jfƒsq slsh ˆhQ kfv ubA svfpf mfI. zfv zfïfrƒ Hfstf ufsbb.

(7) sssvvvfffpppfff HHHfffÌÌÌssskkk hhhfffLLLAAA hhhAAAdddÙÙÙÁÁÁ sjfb mxkcA-jhdtk mfbcNsj zfÈb, ifdb hf L¶Qn²Âi sKsj h]fyfsk pdl sjfb svfpflfvsj svfpf HfÌsk rq ˆhQ sn YfVf zbA sjfb svfpfrDb stfj bf ifWqf pfq, kfrst iafB v[fv ubA kfv is[ svfpf HfÌf Wqfsuh. zhwA sn ‰ dlbdesj isv jfpf jvsk hfLA. (IfkfWqf wfqJ ƒhsb …NfƒmDb 60ix}) ksh ˆ hAfifsv iaw²Àkf ShL bq. hvQ sjht zdk iasqfubDq W ˆjf§À dbv¢ifsqv s[sÛ lvjfv smfkfshj ˆ zbcsmflb iasqfo jvf …dyk. dhswN jsv p]fvf Ifqfv dhasosF jfu jsvb, k]fslv ubA ˆjf§À jdEb jó W idvwam YfVf svfpf HfÌf ShL bq. zbAKf sjfb zfÈb dbHfsk pfWqfƒ k]fslv ubA svfpf HfÌf ShL jvsk ifsv bf. (Ifvfvf} 189ix}) sp hAdÙÁ svfpf zh²¿fq iayà [cLf zKhf ifdb-diifnfq jfkv rsq iafB pfWqfv zfwËf jsv, zKhf Hct LfvBfq bq, hvQ iaht LfvBfq shùw rsq pfWqfv zfwËf jsv, sn hAdÙÁ svfpf sHsÌ iasqfub mk ifbfrfv jvsk ifsv. ksh sn svfpf kfsj isv jfpf jvsk rsh. jfvB, ufb h]fyfsbf Ivp. zfv mrfb zfïfr hstb,


ªskfmvf dbsuslvsj L¶Qsnv mcsJ sEst dlW bf.« (jc} 2/195) ªskfmvf zfk¹rkAf jsvf bf. dbÇyq zfïfr skfmfslv iadk lqfwDt.« (jc} 4/29) sjfb LfvBfianCk jó, j½fd§À zKhf svfsov zfwËfq svfpf HfÌf ShL bq. pfvf jdEb idvwasmv jfu jsv kfslv ubAW svfpf YfVf ShL bq. ˆ swaBDv stfsjvf vfsÛ svfpfv dbqk jsv svfpf vfJsh. zk}iv dlsbv shtfq jfsuv nmq pdl dbdÇyk rq sp, jfu YfVst kfslv [dk ˆhQ jfu jvst kfslv iafB pfWqfv zfwËf zfsY, kfrst kfslv ubA svfpf sHsÌ sjht kkecjc ifbfrfv ShL rsh, pkecjc ifbfrfv jvst kfslv ufb sh]sy pfsh. zk}iv nCpGf²À ipG§À zfv ifbfrfv jvsh bf. zhwA vmpfb isv kfvf ‰ dlbdesj jfpf jvsk hfLA rsh. ˆ hAfifsv mrfb zfïfrv nfLfvB dhLfb rt,

ال ي ك ل ف اهللا ن ف سا إ ال و س ع ه ا( ( zKGf{, zfïfr sjfb zfk¹fsj kfv nfsLAv zkDk Hfv ziGB jsvb bf. (jc} 2/286)

م ا ي ر ي د اهللا ل ي ج ع ل ع ل ي ك م م ن ح ر ج ( ) ( و م ا ج ع ل ع ل ي ك م ف ي الد ي ن م ن ح ر ج ( zKGf{, zfïfr äDsbv hAfifsv skfmfslv ubA sjfb nQjDBGkf vfsJb db. (jc} 5/6, 22/78) htf hfùtA, …]e hf Yfot-sH]Vfv vfJft svZsû hf diifnfq pdl [dkoa²À rq, kfrst pkecjc idvmfB ifbfrfv jvf lvjfv kkecjc jsv hfjD dlbecjc nCpGf²À ipG§À dhvk Kfjsh. zk}iv vmpfb dhlfq dbst ‰ dlbde jfpf jvsh. zfv ˆv ubA sjfb jfIXIfvf sbƒ. (mh} 24/67, 100, Ifdn} mcndbl 101-102ix}) zbcv™i dhLfb rt yfND W mucvslv. (Ifdn} mcndbl 61ix}) i[f§Àsv pfslv iafkAdrj W dyv²¿fqD siwfƒ rt jdEb jfu; spmb ifKv jfef hf jqtf ƒkAfdlv Jdbsk pfvf jfu jsv ˆhQ pfvf zfuDhb nwam jfvflsà ldàk, kfvf svfpf vfJsk zifvo rst kKf zöfHfdhj jó zbcHh jvst svfpf bf vfJsk ifsv. ksh kfslv ubA (kfslv idvhfv äfvf) dIlXqf zflfq (ˆjde svfpfv hlst ˆjde dmnjDbsj JflA lfb) jvf uv¢vD. zhwA ˆ jfu n©Hh bf rst kfW kfslv ubA mfI. (zfnfƒ} 122ix}) ivD[fv nmq smrbkD YfÛslv ubA svfpf jfpf jvf ShL bq. jfvB, êf sjfb ˆmb wvqD Wpv bq, pfv ubA svfpf jfpf jvf ShL rsk ifsv. (ƒhsb hfp, Ifdn} mcndbl 80ix}, kfƒ} 48ix})

dddlllbbb ssspppJJJfffsssbbb zzzöööfffHHHfff dddhhhjjj tttìììfff }}} sp slsw dlb zöfHfdhjHfsh 20/21 O¦ef tìf rq, sn slswv stfsjslv ubAW svfpf kAfo jvf zKhf nCpGfs²Àv iCshG ƒIkfv jvf ShL bq. kfslv pJb dlb-vfk rq, kJb snƒ zbcnfsv kfslv ubA zfmt uv¢vD; kfsk dlb tìf srfj zKhf sYfe. sjbbf, ƒntfmD wvDqk njt slswv njt mfbcsNv ubA hAfij. zfv mrfb zfïfr sOfNBf rt,

و ك ل و ا و اش ر ب و ا ح ت ى ي ت ب ي ن ل ك م ال خ ي ط األ ب ي ض م ن ال خ ي ط األ س و د م ن ال ف ج ر ( ، ث م أ ت م وا الص ي ام إ ل ى الل ي ل (


39

zKGf{, zfv skfmvf ifbfrfv jv, pk[B ipG§À bf (vfskv) jfstf zájfv sKsj Iusvv nflf svJf skfmfslv dbje ±ió rsqsY. zk}iv skfmvf vfk ipG§À svfpf iCBG jv. (jc} 2/187) dj§Â sp hAdÙÁ dlb tìf rWqfv jfvsB, zKhf dblwGb slsJ, zdHÎkfv Ist, sjfb dhw¶²À W zdHÎ FfÙÁfsvv ivfmwG msk, djQhf dbsuv iaht LfvBf msk ˆƒ msb jsv sp, svfpf vfJfsk kfv iafB bfw Oesh, zKhf hV svfo slJf slsh, zKhf svfo hxdÝ ifsh, zKhf zfsvfoA tfsH dhtì rsh, sn hAdÙÁ kkecjc idvmfB ifbfrfv jvsh pkecjc idvmfB jvst kfv ufb sh]sy pfsh zKhf [dk lCv rsq pfsh. zk}iv vmpfb dhlfq dbst ncdhLf mk sp sjfb mfsn ‰ dlbÈstf jfpf jsv sbsh. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstb,

ف م ن ش ه د من ك م الش ه ر ف ل ي ص م ه و م ن ك ان م ر ي ضا أ و ع ل ى س ف ر ف ع د ة م ن أ ي ام أ خ ر، ي ر ي د اهللا ب ك م الي س ر و ال ي ر ي د ( ) ب ك م ال ع س ر

zKGf{, skfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb ˆ mfsn svfpf vfsJ. dj§Â sj… znc²¿ hf mcnfdIv rst sn ziv sjfb dlb oBbf jvsh. zfïfr skfmfslv ubA nru yfb ˆhQ dkdb skfmfslv ubA jdEb djYc yfb bf. (jc} 2/185) dkdb zfsvf hstb,

ال ي ك ل ف اهللا ن ف سا إ ال و س ع ه ا( ( zKGf{, zfïfr sjfb zfk¹fsj kfv nfsLAv zkDk Hfv ziGB jsvb bf. (jc} 2/286)

و م ا ج ع ل ع ل ي ك م ف ي الد ي ن م ن ح ر ج ( ( zKGf{, zfïfr äDsbv hAfifsv skfmfslv ubA sjfb nQjDBGkf vfsJb db. (jc} 5/6, 22/78) sp hAdÙÁ ˆmb slsw hnhfn jsv, spJfsb oaD°mjfst nCpG z²Àƒ pfq bf ˆhQ wDkjfst …lqƒ rq bf, zKhf spJfsb Yq mfn dlb W Yq mfn vfdÛ Kfsj, sn hAdÙÁv …isvW vmpfsbv svfpf Ivp. sn hAdÙÁ dbjehkGD ˆmb sjfb slswv drnfh zbcpfqD vmpfb mfsnv ðv¢ W swN, iafkAdrj snrvDv swN kKf Iuv …lq rWqfv nmq W ƒIkfv kKf nCpGfs²Àv nmq dbLGfvB jvsh, sp slsw vfk dlsbv ifKGjA zfsY. zkˆh snJfsbW 24 O¦efq dlhfvfdÛ dbBGq jvsk rsh. mrfbhD jkGxj ˆ jKf iamfdBk sp, ˆjlf dkdb nfrfhfhoGsj lfÏft iansÌ djYc jKf htstb. k]fvf k]fsj duÎfnf jvstb, `sn jkdlb ixdKhDsk zh²¿fb jvsh?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªydïw dlb; ˆj dlb ˆj hYsvv nmfb, ˆjdlb ˆj mfsnv nmfb ˆhQ ˆjdlb ˆj nåfsrv nmfb. hfjD dlbÈstf skfmfslv öfHfdhj dlsbv mk.« k]fvf duÎfnf jvstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! sp dlbde ˆj hYsvv mk rsh, sn dlsb dj ˆj dlsbv (5 zÙÁ) bfmfp iVst psKó rsh?' dkdb htstb, ªbf. hvQ skfmvf hYv nmfb ‰ dlbsj öfHfdhj dlsbv mk dbLGfvB jsv dbW.« (mc} 2937bQ) htf hfùtA, mrfbhD ‰ ˆj hYv nmfb dlbsj ˆjde öfHfdhj dlb oBA jsvb db;


pfsk sjht 5 zÙÁ bfmfp psKó rsh. hvQ kfsk iaskAj 24 O¦efq 5 zÙÁ bfmfp iVf Ivp hst sOfNBf jsvb. zfv kfslvsj kfslv öfHfdhj dlsbv nmsqv lCvk¶ W ifKGjA drnfh jsv ‰ hYv nmfb dlbsj Hfo jvsk zfslw jsvb. nckvfQ sp njt mcndtm snƒ slsw hfn jsvb, spJfsb 6 mfn dlb W 6 mfn vfk tìf rq, snJfsb k]fvf k]fslv bfmfspv nmqW dbLGfvB jvshb. zfv ˆ hAfifsv dbHGv jvshb k]fslv dbjehkGD ˆmb slswv, spJfsb vfk-dlb öfHfdhjv™si sybf pfq ˆhQ iaskAj 24 O¦efq wvqD dyrÁ msk 5 zÙÁ bfmfspv nmq ufbf pfq. zfv klbcv™iƒ vmpfsbv svfpf dbLGfvB jvsk rsh. jfvB, ˆ dlj sKsj svfpf W bfmfspv mfsU sjfb ifKGjA sbƒ. (mh} 14/126, 16/110, 25/11, 29, 34, ƒhsb …NfƒmDb Ifdn} mcndbl 97-98ix}, 48} 49ix})

(8) mmmcc cnnnfffdddIIIvvv

mcndtm …©mfrv nhGn©mdkÛÁsm mcnfdIsvv ubA svfpf jfpf jvf ShL; yfsr sn mcnfdIv svfpf vfJsk n[m srfj zKhf z[m, svfpf kfv ubA jólfqj srfj zKhf bf srfj, zKGf{ mcnfdIv pdl Yfqf W ifdbv njt ncdhLf dbsq nIv jsv ˆhQ kfv nfsK kfv JfslmW Kfsj zKhf bf Kfsj, (nIv ˆsvfsi½sb srfj zKhf ifsq sr]se); spmbƒ srfj kfv ubA svfpf jfpf jvf W bfmfp jnv jvf ShL. (70} 17ix}) mrfb zfïfr hstb,

ف م ن ك ان م ن ك م م ر ي ضا أ و ع ل ى س ف ر ف ع د ة م ن أ ي ام أ خ ر( ( zKGf{, dj§Â skfmfslv msLA sj… znc²¿ hf mcnfdIv rst sn ziv sjfb dlb oBbf jvsh. (jc} 2/184) zhwA nIsv svfpf jfpf jvf ShL rWqfv hAfifsv jsqjde wkG vsqsY }- 1. nIv idvmfB mk lCvsk¶v rsk rsh. zKGf{ ˆmb nIv rsk rsh, pfsj idvHfNfq nIv htf rq. zfv ndEj mk ˆƒ sp, nIv dydrÁk jvfv ubA sjfb dbdlGó mfsiv lCvk¶ sbƒ. ˆ hAfifsv iaydtk zKG W idvHfNfv nfrfpA dbsk rsh. (mcm} 4/497-498) klbcv™i ²¿fqD hnhfsnv …sÜwA bf rst dbdlGó dlb zh²¿fb jvfv hAfifsv sjfb nDmfhÝkf sbƒ. (‰ 4/532-537 û}) ƒhsb …mfv zfpfvhfƒufsb 6 mfn Kfjf jfst jnv jsv bfmfp isVsYb. (hf} 3/152, ƒo} 577, 3/16, ƒhsb …NfƒmDb Ifdn} duvfƒnD 25ix}) nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ sjfb ²¿fsb nIv jvfv iv djYcjft hfn jsv, dj§Â sn snJfsb ²¿fqD hnhfsnv dbqk jsv bf; hvQ sp …sÜswA nIv jsvsY sn …sÜwA nIt rstƒ öoxsr dIsv pfWqfv nQj¬i sifNB jsv, sn hAdÙÁ mcnfdIv. sn mcnfdIsvv njt ncspfo-ncdhLf oarB jvsk ifsv. i[f§Àsv sp hAdÙÁ sjfb ²¿fsb nIv jvfv iv sn snJfsb ²¿fqDHfsh hnhfn ðv¢ jsv, sn hAdÙÁsj mcnfdIv htf pfsh bf. sn rt iahfnD ˆhQ kfv ubA svfpf jfpf jvf ufsqp bq. hvQ kfv ubA svfpf vfJf Wqfsuh. htf hfùtA, sp YfÛvf dhslsw iVfswfbf jvfv …sÜswA nIv jsv dbdlGó jsqj mfn hf hYv Lsv ²¿fqDHfsh hnhfn jsv, sn YfÛvf


41

mcnfdIv bq. kfslv ubA svfpf jfpf jvf ShL bq. 2. mcnfdIv spb dbsuv oafm hf wrsvv Ov-hfdV kAfo jsv oafm hf wrsvv hfƒsv ˆsn svfpf HfsÌ. rpvk zfbfn hstb, `zfdm bhD -ˆv nfsK (mÄf pfWqfv isK) mlDbfq spfrsvv 4 vfjzfk ˆhQ (mlDbf sKsj 6 mfƒt lCsv) pct-ùtfƒIfq dosq zfnsvv 2 vfjzfk iVkfm.' (hc} 1089bQ, mc} 690, zflf}, dk}, bf}) htf hfùtA, nIv jvsk wrv hf oafm kAfo jvfv iChG sKsjƒ bfmfp jnv jvf ytsh bf. zbcv™i svfpfW wrv hf oafm n©iCBG kAfo jvfv iCshG HfÌf ytsh bf. jfvB, dbu oafm hf wrsvv ubisl Kfjf zh²¿fsj nIv htf pfq bf ˆhQ nIvjfvDv ubA mcnfdIv bfm nfKGj rq bf. (mcm} 6/358-359) hcUf sot sp, mcnfdIv pJb nIsvv …sÜswA dbu oafm hf wrsvv zfhfdnj ˆtfjf kAfo jvsh, kJbƒ kfv ubA svfpf HfÌf ShL rsh. klbcv™i ˆqfvsifeG wrsvv dHksv rst ˆsvfsi½b wrv sYsV zfjfsw …sV sost svfpf HfÌf ShL rsh. zhwA ˆqfvsifeG wrsvv hfƒsv rst snJfsb svfpf HfÌf ShL. zfv wrsvv dHksv rst zKhf wrsvv tfoftfdo rst snJfsb svfpf HfÌf ShL bq. jfvB, kJbW nIvjfvD dbu wrsvv dHksvƒ Kfsj. pfvf vmpfb mfsn nIv jvfv ƒ¤Yf jsv ˆhQ svfpf jfpf jvsk yfq kfslv ubA ˆjde nkjGkfv dhNq ˆƒ sp, oafm hf wrv sYsV nIv jsv bf pfWqf ipG§À spb kfvf svfpf HfÌfv dbqk bf jsv. jfvB, HfÌfv dbqk jvst svfpf rsh bf. zfv dbqskv iv pdl sjfb iadkhájkf hf jfvBhwk} nIv bf jvf rq, kfrst kfv ubA svfpf HfÌf ShL rsh bf. (70} 18bQ) 3. mcnfdIsvv nIv spb sjfb zShL jfsuv ubA bf rq. (zdLjfQw …tfmfv mk êfƒ.) sjbbf ifi-nIsv wvqD ncspfo-ncdhLf sbWqfv zdLjfv ifiD mcnfdIsvv sbƒ. spsrkc ‰ ncspfo-ncdhLf rt Hfviafå hf¦lfv …iv djYc Hfv nru W rfîf jvfv bfmf§Àv. zfv sp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv bfIvmfbD jsv rfvfm jfsuv ubA nIv jsv sn hAdÙÁ zfïfrv slWqf ‰ ncspfo-ncdhLf sHfsov zdLjfv sisk ifsv bf. (mcm} 4/492) 4. nIsvv …sÜwA spb svfpf bf vfJfv ˆjef hfrfbf bf rq. jfvB, Yt-hfrfbf jsv zfïfrv Ivp hfdkt rq bf. (Icdnkfpf} 10ix}) sp nIsv svfpf jfpf jvfv zbcmdk zfsY sn nIv rÏ, …mvfr, sjfb zfibubsj slJf jvfv …sÜswA djQhf hAhnf jvfv …sÜswA nfmdqj srfj, zKhf (HfVf ofdVv FafƒHfsvv mk) nfhG[dBj srfj, kfsk sjfb ifKGjA sbƒ. htf hfùtA, sp nhG[B nIsv Kfsj, kfv pdl dIsv ˆsn zfwaq sbWqfv mk hfnHCdm Kfsj, zKGf{, (…dVqf pfpfhvslv mk) kfv idvhfv-idvub kfv nfsK bf Kfsj, spmb; diWb, sp mcndtmslv Ffj hrb jvfv …sÜswA nIv jsv. spmb, HfVf ofdVv FafƒHfv, seºb hf si½sbv ifƒte W JftfnD-srfs±en ƒkAfdl - pdlW kfslv nIv iafkAdrj rq, khcW kfslv ubA svfpf jfpf jvf ShL. zhwA ˆ svfpf kfvf nmq mk idvswfL jvsk hfLA rsh. klbcv™i ifdb-


ufrfsuv mfïf, pfv ²¿st hfn²¿fb zfsY (zKGf{, ufrfuƒ kfv ²¿fqD hfn²¿fb bq), snW jfpf jvsk ifsv. …isv …sïdJk hAdÙÁ njstv jfu spsrkc dbvhd¤Yâ W dhvdkrDb, snsrkc kfvf wDkjfst jfpf jsv dbsk ifsv. jfvB, wDskv dlb sYfe W Efàf. sn nmq jfpf kctsk jó rsh bf. dj§Â kfvf pdl vmpfb mfsn öoxsr dIsv zfsn kfrst snJfsb Kfjf jfst kfslv ubA svfpf vfJf uv¢vD. i[f§Àsv wrsvv dHksv ytmfb seºb, hfn, eAfdÆ, zsef-dvÆf iaHxdkv FafƒHfv mcnfdIv bq. jfvB, kfvf nIsvv lCvk¶ zdkÛÁm jsv bf. kfƒ kfslv ubA pKfnmsq svfpf vfJf Wqfsuh. (mcm} 4/539-540, Iƒ} 2/144, ƒhsb …NfƒmDb Ifdn} mcndbl 74ix}) wÛ¢v dhv¢sÝ pcÝvk Sndbj W mcufsrl nIsvv snƒ idvmfB lCvk¶ nIv jvst svfpf jfpf jvsk ifsv, sp idvmfB nIv jvst bfmfp jnv jvf ShL. zhwA kfvfW vmpfb isv jfpf kctsk hfLA rsh. zfv pdl kfvf mcnfdIv bf rq, hvQ wÛ¢ kfslvsj kfslv zh²¿fb s[sÛ zfÛÁmB jsv, kfrst sp durfslv nfsK svfpf vfJsk n[m rsh kfv ubA svfpf vfJf Wqfsuh. dj§Â sp svfpf vfJfv nfsK nfsK durfslv ÌspG zfƒb' zflfq jvsk n[m bq, kfv ubA jfpf jvf ShL. ksh vmpfb swN rWqfv iv Ycse pfWqf svfpf zhwAƒ sn svsJ sbsh. (Iƒ} 2/141, Ifdn} mcndbl 75ix}, ƒzfƒ} 26ix})

mmmcc cnnnfffdddIIIsssvvvvvv uuubbbAAA sssvvvfffpppfff vvvfffJJJfff HHHfffssstttfff,,, bbbfff jjjfffpppfff jjjvvvfff HHHfffssstttfff???

nIsv mcnfdIsvv 3 zh²¿f rsk ifsv }- (4) 1. svfpf kfv ubA jójv bq. ˆmb zh²¿fq svfpf vfJf hf jfpf jvfv msLA spef kfv ubA nru W ncdhLf rsh, snefƒ sn jvsh. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

ي ر ي د اهللا ب ك م الي س ر و ال ي ر ي د ب ك م ال ع س ر ( ( zKGf{, zfïfr skfmfslv ubA nru yfb ˆhQ dkdb skfmfslv ubA jdEb djYc yfb bf. (jc} 2/185) rfmpfr dhb zfmXv zfntfmD mrfbhD -sj nIsv svfpf vfJf iansÌ duÎfnf jvst …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªskfmfv ƒ¤Yf rst kcdm svfpf vfJ, zfv ƒ¤Yf bf rst svsJf bf.« (hc} 1943, mc} 1121bQ) zfhC nf„l JclvD hstb, `zfmvf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv nfsK 17ƒ vmpfb ˆj pcÝ-nIsv dYtfm. zfmfslv msLA jfsvf svfpf dYt, jfsvf dYt bf. dj§Â pfv svfpf dYt sn kfv db¦lf jsvdb pfv svfpf dYt bf ˆhQ pfv svfpf dYt bf snW kfv db¦lf jsvdb pfv svfpf dYt.' zfv ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, k]fvf msb jvskb sp, pfv [mkf zfsY, kfv ubA

( ٤ ) ˆƒ zh²¿fÈdtv dh²Àfdvk zfstfybfv ubA slJcb, mcm} 6/339, 355-356, Icdnkfpf} 10-11ix}, Ifdn} ƒhsb …NfƒmDb 18-20ix}, Ifdn} mcndbl 70-71ix})


43

svfpf vfJf Hft. zfv pfv lchGtkf zfsY kfv ubA svfpf bf vfJf Hft. (mc} 1116bQ) dj§Â pdl …Hq ˆJdkqfv nmfb rq; zKGf{, svfpf vfJfv …iv jfpf jvfsj iafLfbA slWqfv mk sjfb ShdwóA bf Kfsj ˆhQ svfpf jfpf jvfv …iv vfJfsj iafLfbA slWqfv mk sjfb ShdwóA bf Kfsj, kfrst ˆmkfh²¿fq dbsm´ …sïdJk ltDstv dHdÙsk kfv ubA svfpf vfJfƒ …Ùm }- (j) ˆde rt zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv zfmt. zfhC lfvlf hstb, `zfmvf ˆj vmpfb mfsnv jdEb ovsmv dlb (nIsv) dYtfm. ˆmbdj zfmfslv sj… sj… ovsmv jfvsB mfKfq rfk svsJdYt. zfv zfmfslv msLA zfïfrv vnCt ˆhQ zfècïfr dhb vfWqfrfr YfVf zbA jfsvf svfpf dYt bf.' (hc} 1945, mc} 1122bQ) (J) svfpf vfJfsk nk¶v lfdqk¶ iftb rq. jfvB, isv jfpf jvfsk dhtì rq. zfv vmpfsb svfpf svsJ dbst zfso zfso Ivp zflfq rsq pfq. (o) mcndtsmv ubA vmpfsb svfpf vfJfefƒ nfLfvBk} shwD nru. sjbbf, isv ˆjfjD bkcb jsv svfpf vfJfv yfƒsk stfsjslv nfsK svfpf W „l jsv sbWqfefƒ shwD nru. spmb ˆ jKf njstv dbje ivDd[k W dhdlk. (O) svfpf vfJst mfrfk¹AiCBG nmq ifWqf pfq; zfv kf rt vmpfb. iv§Â vmpfb rt zbAfbA mfsnv kctbfq swaôkv. spsrkc snefƒ rt svfpf Wqfsuh rWqfv nmq. (mcm} 6/356) 2. svfpf kfv ubA jójv, ksh shwD bq. hvQ svfpf bf vfJfefƒ kfv ubA ncdhLf W zfvfmlfqj. ˆmb zh²¿fq mcnfdIsvv svfpf vfJf mjv™r ˆhQ svfpf bf vfJf …Ùm. jfvB, zbcmdk Kfjf nsÙ¶W jó öDjfv jvfv zKG rt, mrfb zfïfrv zbcmdksj …si[f jvf. zfhfv nIsv jJsbf svfpf bf vfJfef …Ùm W zdLj nWqfh tfsHv jfvB rsk ifsv; pdl mcnfdIv sjfb jmG-lfdqk¶ iftb jsv kfrst. zfbfn hstb, zfïfrv vnCt (nfrfhf nr) ˆj nIsv dYstb. k]fslv djYc stfj svfpf vfJt ˆhQ djYc vfJt bf. pfvf svfpf vfsJdb kfvf hcdÝ jsv svfpf HfÌt ˆhQ jfu jvt. zfv pfvf svfpf svsJdYt kfvf djYc jfu jvsk lchGt rsq iVt. kf slsJ dkdb htstb, ªzfu pfvf svfpf vfsJdb kfvfƒ nWqfh jfdmsq dbt.« (hc} 2890, mc} 1119bQ, zfv rflDsnv wèfhtD k]fvƒ, bf}) 3. znrA ovm, Jfvfi hf lCvhkDG vf²Àf zKhf zdhwafm iK ytfv jfvsB svfpf kfv ubA zkA§À jójv rq. ˆ zh²¿fq kfv ubA svfpf vfJf rfvfm. jfvB, mrfbhD mÄf-dhuq zdHpfsb svfpf svsJdYstb. dj§Â k]fv jfsY Jhv ˆt sp, stfsjvfW svfpf svsJsY, zfv ˆv Ist kfvf jó HcosY ˆhQ dkdb dj jvsYb kf ufbfv zsi[f jvsY. nckvfQ zfnsvv iv dkdb ˆj ifÛ ifdb zfdbsq ifb jvstb. stfsjvf ˆ lxwA kfdjsq slJsk tfot. k]fsj htf rt, djYc stfj svfpf zh²¿fq zfsY. dkdb htstb, ªkfvf bfIvmfb, kfvf zhfLA.« (mc} 1114bQ) ufshv hstb, ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt ˆj nIsv dYstb. dkdb slJstb stfsjvf


ˆjde stfjsj dOsv umf rsqsY ˆhQ stfjdev …iv Yfqf jvf rsqsY. dkdb htstb, ªdj rsqsY Wv?« stfsjvf htt, `stfjde svfpf svsJsY.' dkdb htstb, ªnIsv skfmfslv svfpf vfJf Hft jfu bq.« (hc} 1946, mc} 1115bQ ˆhQ wèfhtD k]fvƒ) jJsbf sjfb ƒmfvsu¦nD jfvsB svfpf HfÌf WqfsuhW rsk ifsv. spmb zfhC nf„l JclvD hstb, zfmvf svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv nfsK mÄf nIv jvtfm. ˆj mdÓst sbsm dkdb htstb, ªskfmvf ˆJb wÛ¢v n©mcJDb rsqY, zfv svfpf bf vfJfsk skfmfslv wdÙÁ shwD rsh.« ˆ jKfv Ist svfpf bf vfJfsk zbcmdk rt. kJb zfmfslv msLA sj… svfpf hfjD vfJt, sj… sHsÌ sItt. zk}iv zfmvf zfv ˆj mdÓst zhkvB jvtfm. snJfsb dkdb htstb, ªnjfst skfmfslv wÛ¢slv nfsK nf[f{ rsh. zfv svfpf bf vfJfsk skfmfslv [mkf shwD Kfjsh. zkˆh skfmvf svfpf sHsÌ lfW.« ˆ[sB kf hfLAkfmCtj dYt. Ist zfmvf njst svfpf sHsÌ dltfm. zfhC nf„l zfsvf hstb, dj§Â ˆv isv zfmvf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv nfsK nIsv svfpf vfJkfm. (mc} 1120bQ)

mmmfffnnnzzzffftttfff }}} svfpf svsJ öfmD-²ÃD ˆj nfsK nIv jsv nIsv dlsbv shtfq nÌsm dtå rsq iVst sjfb [dk sbƒ. jfvB, mcnfdIsvv ubA svfpf HfÌf ShL. zkˆh sn djYc sJsq, zKhf ifb jsv zKhf nÌm jsv svfpf HfÌsk ifsv. ˆ nh djYcƒ kfv ubA rftft. htf hfùtA, ‰ svfpf jfpf jvf YfVf kfv ubA zbA djYc Wqfsuh bq. (mcm} 6/359, ƒhsb duhvDb Ifdn} duvfƒnD 12ix})

mmmfffnnnzzzffftttfff }}} dlb Kfjsk mcnfdIv Osv dIsv ˆst ˆhQ zbcv™i snƒ njt Wpv-Wqftf mfbcN pfslv sp Wpsvv jfvsB svfpf HfÌf ShL dYt kfslv snƒ Wpv lCv rst dlsbv hfjD zQwef ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl sKsj dhvk Kfjsh dj bf - ˆ dhNsq …tfmfslv mfsU mksHl vsqsY. djYc …tfmf msb jsvb, Wqfsuh rWqfv jfvB bkcbHfsh slJf dlst svfpf HÌjfvD dudbn sKsj dhvk Kfjf Wqfsuh. zfv snƒ dlsbv svfpf jfpf jvf Wqfsuh bq. spmb svfpfv dlsb sjfb jfsIv mcndtm rst, bfhftj nfhftj rst zKhf ifot nc²¿ rst, sn hfjD dlb ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl sKsj dhvk Kfjsh ˆhQ kfsj ‰ dlbde jfpf jvsk rsh bf. i[f§Àsv sp hAdÙÁ sjfb iadkhájkfv Ist svfpf vfsJdb kfv sn iadkhájkf dlsbv msLA lCv rst kfsj hfjD dlb ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl sKsj dhvk Kfjf Wqfsuh bq; zhwA ‰ dlsbv svfpf jfpf Wqfsuh. spmb dlb Kfjsk dbIfn hf ‡kcmkD mdrtf idhÛf rst, mcnfdIv svfpf bf svsJ Osv dIvst, svfoD nc²¿ rst ˆhQ dbvivfL iafB …Ýfsvv …sÜswA sp svfpf sHsÌdYt kfv sn jfu swN rst hfjD dlb ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl sKsj dhvk Kfjf Wqfsuh bq. dj§Â ‰ dlsbv jfpf zhwAƒ Wqfsuh. (mcm} 4/540-541, 6/347, 363, 420)


45

zfècïfr dhb mfn†l hstb, `sp hAdÙÁ dlsbv iaKm Hfso svfpf vfsJdb, kfv …dyk dlsbv swNHfso svfpf bf vfJf. (ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl sKsj dhvk bf rWqf.)' (ƒzfwf} 9343bQ) zbA dlsj ziv djYc …tfmf msb jsvb, …ipGcÙÁ njt iajfv stfsjv ubA hfjD dlb ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl sKsj dhvk Kfjf Wqfsuh. (ƒhsb duhvDb Ifdn} mcndbl 74ix}) zhwA …Ùm W iChGnkjGkfmCtj jfu ˆƒ sp, ‰ swaBDv njt stfjƒ vmpfb mfsnv mpGflfv jKf sJqft svsJ ˆhQ …ÙÁ mksHl sKsj lCsv sKsj hfjD dlbde ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl sKsj dhvk Kfjsh. (zfnfƒ} 64ix}, 70} 23bQ)

(9) dddbbbIIIfffnnn WWW ‡‡‡kkkcc cmmmkkkDDD

dbIfn W ‡kcmkD mdrtf Jcb Kfjf zh²¿fq svfpf vfJsh bf. zhwA sp jq dlb kfslv svfpf Ycse pfsh kf isv jfpf jsv sbsh. ‡kcmkD pJb mfdnsjv Jcb há rWqfv iv nflf nafh zfnsk slJsh, kJb vfk Kfjst svfpfv dbqk jsv svfpf vfJsh. dj§Â sn pdl mfdnj swsN zHAfnokHfsh sn nafh t[A bf jsv Kfsj, kfrst djYc kcstf hf jfiV dbsq wvmofsr iashw jdvsq ivD[f jsv slJsh kfsk Jcsbv dyrÁ zfsY dj bf? sjfb dyrÁ bf slJst, zbA jKfq kcstf hf jfiV idv°jfv t[A jvst svfpf vfJsh. svfpf vfJfv iv dlsbv shtfq zfhfv Jcb slJf dlst svfpf sHsÌ slsh. i[f§Àsv mfosvh ipG§À Jcb há Kfjst ˆhQ Iusvv zfso svfpfv dbqk jsv Kfjst kfv svfpf ðÝ rsq pfsh. sp mdrtf mfdnsjv Jcb nvfv jKf zbcHh jsv, dj§Â nCpG sFfhfv iv YfVf shv rsk slsJ bf, kfv svfpf ðÝ ˆhQ ‰ dlb psKó. sp mdrtf kfv drnfh mk ufsb sp, kfv mfdnj ðv¢ rsh zfofmD jft, khcW sn svfpfv dbqk jsv svfpf vfJsh ˆhQ Jcb bf slJf ipG§À svfpf HfÌsh bf. (70} 64-65bQ) sp mdrtfv dbIfn hf mfdnj dEj Iuv rWqfv nmq zKhf kfv djYc zfso há rq, kfv ubA svfpf vfJf uv¢vD. kfv svfpf ðÝ W Ivp iftb rsq pfsh, pdlW sn Iuv rWqfv isvƒ sofnt jsv. i[f§Àsv pdl Iuv rsq pfWqfv iv Jcb há slsJ kfrst sndlb sn ifbfrfv sKsj dhvk Kfjsh, dj§Â svfpfv dbqk jvsh bf, svfpf rshW bf. hvQ kf kfsj vmpfb iv jfpf jvsk rsh. (ƒhsb duhvDb Ifdn} mcndbl 62ix}) ‡kcmkD mdrtfv ubA êfƒ …Ùm sp, sn öfHfdhj zh²¿fq sKsj zfïfrv dtdJk HfoA dbsq n§Âó Kfjsh ˆhQ Jcb dbhfvj sjfb ŠNL hAhrfv jvsh bf. mfdnj zh²¿fq mrfb zfïfr spmb kfv ubA svfpf jfpf jvfsj ShL jsvsYb, skmdb kf oarB jsv sbWqf …dyk. zbcv™iƒ dYstb mrfbhD -ˆv ²ÃDoB ˆhQ nfrfhD W ntIslv mdrtfoB. k]fvf sjfb Jcb-dbhfvj ŠNL hAhrfv jvk} mfdnj há jsv svfpf vfJskb bf. kfYfVf mdrtfslv ˆƒ mfdnj Jcb-[vsBv mfsU mrfb zfïfrv nxdóok ˆjde hV


drjmkW vsqsY. snƒ drjmk W pcdÙÁ mdrtfv iajxdkv nfsK nfmÓnA vfsJ. zkˆh snƒ öfHfdhj iajxdksk hfLf dlst db}ns¦lsr bfvD-slsr kfv [dkjv iadkdÛÁqf slJf slsh. zKy mrfbhD hstb, ªsj… dbsu [dkoa²À rsh bf ˆhQ zisvvW [dk jvsh bf.« (zf}, ƒmf}, rf}, hf}, lfvf}, dnn} 250bQ) ˆkäAkDk mfdnj-dbhfvj eAfhste hAhrfsv mdrtfv oHGfwsqvW bfbfb [dkv zfwËf vsqsY; spmb sn jKf FfÙÁfvoB …sïJ jsv Kfsjb. dj§Â pdl mdrtf kf hAhrfv jsv mfdnj há jsv ˆhQ idhÛf sKsj svfpf vfsJ, kfrst sn svfpf ðÝ W psKó. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, Ifdn} mcndbl 64ix}, 70} 66bQ, Iƒ} 1/241) dbIfnhkD mdrtf 40 dlb ifv rWqfv zfsoƒ pdl idhÛf rsq pfq, kfrst sn svfpf vfJsh ˆhQ bfmfspv ubA sofnt jvsh. dj§Â 40 dlb ifv rWqfv zfsoƒ icbvfq Jcb zfnsk ðv¢ rst svfpf-bfmfp há jsv slsh. zfv sp svfpf-bfmfp sn idhÛf zh²¿fq jsvdYt, kf ðÝ W psKó rsh. i[f§Àsv 40 dlb ifv rWqfv isvW pdl Jcb há bf rq, kfrstW kfsj svfpf-sofnt jvsk rsh. zdkdvÙÁ ˆƒ dlbÈdtv Jcbsj ƒd²Àrfpf Lvsk rsh. zhwA snƒ nmq pdl kfv öfHfdhj mfdnj zfnfv nmq rq, kfrst sn Jcbsj mfdnsjv Jcb Lvsk rsh. (ƒhsb hfp, Ifdn} mcndbl 63ix}, 70} 67bQ) mfbcsNv zfjxdk zfnfv iv ë™B sjfb uv¢vD jfvsB oHGycAk jvsk hfLA rst sp Jcb zfnsh kf dbIfn. zhwA ˆv iCshG oHGycAk jvst sp Jcb zfnsh kf dbIfn bq. hvQ sn Jcb ˆjde dwvfv Jcb. ˆ Jcsbv mfb ƒd²Àrfpfv mk. zKGf{, ˆ Jcsb bfmfp-svfpf há jvf ShL bq. iajfw Kfsj sp, ë™sB mfbcsNv zfjxdk zfnsk nmq tfso oHG LfvsBv iv sKsj jmsn jm 80 dlb. nfLfvBHfsh 90 dlb Lvf pfq. (dvdlkf} 40ix}, Iƒ} 1/243, Ifmf} 24ix}) oHGhkD Jcb slJst kf pdl ianshv djYcjft (1/2 dlb) iCshG rq ˆhQ kfv nfsK ianh-shlbf Kfsj, kfrst sn Jcb dbIfn. i[f§Àsv pdl sn Jcb ianshv hù (3/4 dlb hf kfvW shwD) iCshG rq zKhf [Bjft iCshG rq, dj§Â kfv nfsK ianh-p§ÃBf bf Kfsj, kfrst sn Jcb dbIfn bq. sn Jcb mdrtfv mfdnj rWqfv pKfnmsq rst kf mfdnsjv Jcb. jfvB, mdrtfv oHGfwq sKsj sp Jcb dboGk rq, zfnst kf mfdnsjv Jcb; pdl mfdnsjv Jcb rWqfsk sjfb hfLf bf Kfsj kfrst. zfv djkfh W ncâfrsk ˆmb sjfb ltDt sbƒ, pfsk hcUf pfq sp, odHGBD mdrtfv mfdnj rsk ifsv bf. (dvdlkf} 12ix}) ƒd²Àrfpfv Jcb bfmfp-svfpfv ðÝkfq sjfb iaHfh sIst bf. jfvB, Ifdkmf dhs§À zfhD ùhfƒw zfïfrv vnCt -sj duÎfnf jvstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfdm ˆj ˆmb mdrtf, pfv nh nmq ƒd²Àrfpf (zdkdvÙÁ mfdnsjv) Jcb Kfsj ˆhQ idhÛfƒ rq bf. kfrst zfdm dj bfmfp kAfo jvh?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªbf. êf rt ˆjde dwvfv Jcb. mfdnj bq. nckvfQ pJb skfmfv (iChG dbqm zbcnfsv iChG nmsq) mfdnj zfnsh kJb kcdm bfmfp kAfo jv. zk}iv pJb sn (dbqdmk mfdnj zfnfv nmq) yst pfsh, kJb Jcb Lcsq (sofnt jsv) bfmfp iVsk ðv¢ jv.« (hc} 331, mc} 333bQ)


47

iÑm zLAfq

sssvvvfffpppfffvvv zzzfffvvvjjjfffbbb

svfpfv rt lcde v¢jXb; pÜ¶fvf kfv iajxkk¶ nQodEk }- 1. Iuv …lq rWqfv iv sKsj dbsq nCpG z²À pfWqf ipG§À nmq Lsv pfhkDq svfpf bójfvD dudbn sKsj dhvk Kfjf. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

و ك ل و ا و اش ر ب و ا ح ت ى ي ت ب ي ن ل ك م ال خ ي ط األ ب ي ض م ن ال خ ي ط األ س و د م ن ال ف ج ر ، ث م أ ت م وا الص ي ام إ ل ى الل ي ل ( ( zKGf{, zfv skfmvf ifbfrfv jv, pk[B ipG§À bf jfstf nckf sKsj Iusvv nflf nckf skfmfslv dbje ±ió rsqsY. zk}iv skfmvf vfk ipG§À svfpf iCBG jv. (jc} 2/187) …ÙÁ zfqfsk …sïdJk jfstf nckf W nflf nckf hst vfskv zájfv W dlsbv ðëkfsj hcUfsbf rsqsY. hcJfvD W mcndtsm zflD dhb rfskm jkGxj hdBGk, …ÙÁ zfqfk zhkDBG rst dkdb (mfKfq v¢mfstv …iv hAhrfpG) ˆjde nflf W ˆjde jfstf smfef vdw (hfdtswv dbsy) vfJstb. vfdÛ rst dkdb t[A jvstb, dj§Â (sjfbXef nflf W sjfbXef jfstf) kf ±ió rt bf. njft rst dkdb ˆ jKf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv jfsY …sïJ jvstb. dkdb k]fsj htstb, ªskfmfv hfdtw kfrst Jchƒ dhwft! jfstf nckf W nflf nckf skfmfv hfdtswv dbsy dYt?!« (hc} 4509bQ) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªkfv mfsb rt, vfskv zájfv W dlsbv ðëkf.« (hc} 1916, mc} 1090bQ) 2. dbqk ; zfv kf rt, mrfb zfïfrv zfslw iftb jvfv …sÜswA svfpf vfJfv ubA r™lsqv nQj¬i. zfïfr hstb,

و م ا أ م ر و ا إ ال ل ي ع ب د وا اهللا م خ ل ص ي ن ل ه الد ي ن ( ( zKGf{, kfvf skf zfïfrv zfbcoskA dhðÝdyÙ rsq ˆjdbôHfsh k]fv ƒhflk jvsk zfdló rsqdYt. (jc} 98/5) zfv mrfbhD hstb, ªnm²À jmG dbqskv …iv dbHGvwDt ˆhQ mfbcsNv kfƒ iafiA rq pfv sn dbqk jsv.« (hc} 1, mc} 13bQ) nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ Ivp (spmb vmpfb, jfpf, bpv zKhf jfIXIfvfv) svfpf vfJsh, sn hAdÙÁv ubA dbqk W nQj¬i jvf Wqfsuh. zfv dbqk rt, r™lsqv jfu; kfv nfsK mcsJv sjfb n©ijG sbƒ. kfv iajxkk¶ rt, mrfb zfïfrv zfslw iftb ˆhQ k]fv n§Âdó tfH jvfv …sÜswA sjfb jfsuv nQj¬i jvf. htf hfùtA, `bfWqfƒkc zfb zfnCmf oflfm dmb wfrdv vfmfpfb' hst dbqk iVf dhlzfk. zfnst sp hAdÙÁ msb msb ˆ jKf ufbsh sp, zfofmD jft svfpf, zk}iv svfpf vfJfv


…sÜswA sn snrvD Jfsh, kfv ˆmdbƒ dbqk rsq pfsh. klbcv™i sp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv ubA dhðÝdysÙ dlsbv shtfq (Iuv …lqjft sKsj nCpG z²Àjft ipG§À) njt iajfv svfpf bójfvD dudbn sKsj dhvk Kfjfv nQj¬i jvsh, kfv dbqk rsq pfsh, pdlW sn snrvD sJsk ncspfo bf sisqsY. (û} dInc} zfvfhD 1/387, 70} 33bQ, kfƒ} 13ix}) zhwA dbqk Iusvv iCshG rWqf uv¢vD. ksh vfsÛv sp sjfb zQsw jvst psKó W ShL. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ vfk sKsj svfpf vfJfv nQj¬i bf jsv, kfv svfpf sbƒ.« (bf}, nuf} 6535bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ Iuv …lq rWqfv iCshG svfpf vfJfv nQj¬i bf jsv, kfv svfpf sbƒ.« (lfvf}, hf}, zfsqwf jkGxj ˆhQ zf}, zflf}, dk}, bf} rfInf jkGxj, ƒo} 914bQ) ˆƒ ubAƒ sp hAdÙÁ Iuv …lq rWqfv iv YfVf vmpfb mfn zfok rWqfv jKf kfv zfso bf ufbsk ifsv, kfv ubA uv¢vD rt, hfjD dlb svfpf bójfvD dudbn sKsj dhvk Kfjf ˆhQ vmpfb isv snƒ dlsbv svfpf jfpf jvf. (70} 36bQ) zfv ˆ rt zdLjfQw …tfmfslv mk - spmb iCshG zfstfdyk rsqsY. i[f§Àsv nfLfvB bIt svfpfv s[sÛ vfk sKsj dbqk jvf wkG bq. hvQ Iuv …lq rWqfv iv djYc bf sJsq Kfjst dlsbv shtfq dbqk jvstW kf psKó rsh. sjbbf, mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, ˆj dlb zfïfrv vnCt zfmfv dbje ˆstb ˆhQ htstb, ªskfmfslv djYc zfsY dj?« zfmvf httfm, `bf.' dkdb htstb, ªkfrst zfdm svfpf vfJtfm.« (mc} 1154bQ) iv§Â dbdlGó bIt (spmb zfvfIf W zfwCvfv) svfpfv s[sÛ iChGnkjGkfmCtj zfmt rt, vfk sKsjƒ kfv dbqk jsv sbWqf. (70} 34bQ) vmpfsbv svfpflfsvv ubA vmpfsbv iaskAj vfsk dbqk bhfqb jvfv iasqfub sbƒ. hvQ vmpfb zfnfv ðv¢sk nfvf mfn svfpf vfJfv ˆjhfv dbqk jsv dbstƒ psKó. nckvfQ pdl Lsv sbWqf rq sp, ˆj hAdÙÁ vmpfsbv sjfb dlsb nCpG sFfhfv zfso Ocdmsq sot. zk}iv isvv dlb Iuv …lq rWqfv iv kfv sykb rt. zKGf{, sn vfsk ˆƒ dlsbv svfpf vfJfv dbqk jvfv ncspfo sit bf. dj§Â khcW kfv svfpf ðÝ rsh. jfvB, mfsnv ðv¢sk nfvf mfn svfpf vfJfv dbqk kfv dYt. r]Af, ksh pdl sj… nIv, svfo zKhf zbA sjfb Wpsvv Ist mfsU svfpf bf svsJ dbqk dYâ jsv sIstsY kfv ubA zhwA Wpv lCv rWqfv iv bkcb jsv svfpf vfJfv ubA dbqk bhfqb jvf uv¢vD. (mcm} 6/369, 48} 46ix}, 70} 33bQ) sp hAdÙÁ JfWqf zKhf ifb jvfv nQj¬i jvfv iv icbvfq d²¿v jvt sp, sn SLpG Lvsh. zkˆh sn ifbfrfv jvt bf. ˆmb hAdÙÁv svfpf sjhtmfÛ ifbfrfv jvfv ƒ¤Yf W nQj¬i rWqfv ubA bó rsh bf. zfv ˆ jfu rt snƒ hAdÙÁv mk, sp bfmfsp jKf htsk ƒ¤Yf jvfv iv jKf hst bf, zKhf (rfWqf sYsV) WpC bó jvfv ƒ¤Yf rWqfv iv WpC bó jsv bf. spmb ˆƒ bfmfpDv ‰ ƒ¤Yfv Ist bfmfp hfdkt rsh bf ˆhQ kfv WpCW ðÝ Kfjsh, zbcv™i ‰ svfpflfsvv ifbfrfv jvfv ƒ¤Yf rWqfv iv ifbfrfv bf jsv


49

kfv svfpfW hfdkt bf rsq ðÝ Kfjsh. spsrkc bDdk rt, sp hAdÙÁ ƒhflsk sjfb dbdNÝ (ƒhflk bójfvD) jmG jvfv nQj¬i jsv, dj§Â jfpGk} kf jsv bf, sn hAdÙÁv ƒhflk bó rq bf. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, zfrjfmcb dmbfn dnqfm, jAfsne) i[f§Àsv sp (svfpf sbƒ hf vfJtfm bf msb jsv) dbqk dYâ jsv slq, kfv svfpf hfdkt. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, ªnm²À jmG dbqskv …iv dbHGvwDt ˆhQ mfbcsNv kfƒ iafiA rq pfv sn dbqk jsv.« (hc} 1, mc} 13bQ) (û} mcm} 6/376, ƒhsb duhvDb Ifdn} mcndbl 99ix}, nfvf} 24ix}) pdl sjfb svfpflfv mcvkfÜX rsq pfq kfrst nfsK nfsK kWhf jvstW kfv svfpf bó rsq pfq. jfvB, mcvkfsÜv jfu ƒhflskv dbqk hfdkt W dhd¤Yâ jsv sIst. zfv ˆsk jfsvf sjfb iajfsvv dämk sbƒ. (70} 33bQ) dbqk iansÌ zfstfybfq ˆjde nkjGkf uv¢vD ˆƒ sp, iaskAj mcndtsmv ubA Wqfsuh rt, zfïfrv iadk „mfb, k]fv nWqfshv zfwf ˆhQ sjht k]fvƒ n§Âdó dhLfsbv …sÜswA svfpf vfJf. jf…sj slJfhfv hf swfbfhfv …sÜswA, zKhf sjhtmfÛ stfsjslv slJfsldJ zá zbcjvB jsv, zKhf slw hf idvhfsvv idvshswv zbcjvB jsv svfpf vfJf …dyk bq. (spmb svfpf wvDv W öfs²¿Av is[ …ijfvD hst snƒ …ijfv tfsHv …sÜswAƒ svfpf vfJf.) hvQ Wqfsuh rt, kfsj spb kfv ˆƒ „mfb svfpf vfJsk …äcÝ jsv sp, mrfb zfïfr kfv …iv ˆƒ svfpf Ivp jsvsYb ˆhQ sn kf iftb jsv k]fv jfsY iadklfsbv zfwf jsv. zfv ˆ ubAƒ mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ „mfb ˆhQ nWqfshv zfwf svsJ vmpfsbv svfpf vfsJ, kfv iCshGjfv njt sofbfr mfI rsq pfq.« (hc} 38, mc} 760bQ) (dvmcpfdn} 22ix}) nckvfQ svfpfv …sÜwA [c{-diifnf W jó nrA jvfv …iv wvDv-yyGf hf öf²¿A-zbcwDtb bq, hvQ kf rt diaqksmv n§Âdó tfsHv …sÜswA diaqkm h²Â kAfo jvfv …iv zfk¹fv zbcwDtb. svfpfq idvkAfuA diaqkm h²Â rt, ifbfrfv W ²ÃD-nÌm. zfv kf rt zfk¹fv jfmbf. diaqksmv n§Âdó rt, mrfb zfïfrv n§Âdó. nckvfQ dbqsk zfmvf spb ˆ jKf ±mvsB vfdJ sp, zfmvf mrfb zfïfrv n§Âdó tfsHv zfwfq …ÙÁ svfpf bójfvD (jfmbfv) h²Â kAfo jvh. (48} 11ix})

Nô zLAfq

sssvvvfffpppfffvvv dddhhhdddHHHâââ zzzffflllhhh

svfpfq svfpflfsvv dbm´dtdJk zflshv sJqft vfJf …dyk }-


sssnnnrrrvvvDDD hhhfff nnnfffrrrfffvvvDDD JJJfffWWWqqqfff

mcndtm …©mfrv nhGn©mdkÛÁsm svfpfv ubA snrvD JfWqf mc²Àfrfh ˆhQ sp hAdÙÁ kf ƒ¤Yfjxk Jfq bf sn sofbfrofv bq. zfv ˆ jfvsBƒ pdl sj… Iusvv iv ufso ˆhQ snrvD JfWqfv nmq bf ifq, kfrst kfv ubA uv¢vD svfpf svsJ sbWqf. ˆsk kfv svfpfv sjfb [dk rsh bf. hvQ [dk rsh kJb, pJb sn djYc sJsk rq msb jsv kJbƒ (Iusvv iv) djYc sJsq sItsh. sn s[sÛ kfsj nfvf dlb ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl sKsj dhvk Kfjsk rsh ˆhQ vmpfb isv snƒ dlb jfpf jvsk rsh. snrvD JfWqf sp …Ùm kf iajfw jvfv ubA mrfbhD …©mksj dhdHâ jKfv mfLAsm …äcÝ jsvsYb. dkdb snrvDsj hjGkmq JflA hst zdHdrk jsvsYb. dkdb hstb, ªskfmvf snrvD JfW. jfvB, snrvDsk hjGk zfsY.« (hc} 1823, mc} 1095bQ) ªskfmvf snrvD sJsk zHAfnD rW. jfvB, snrvDƒ rt hjGkmq JflA.« (zf}, bf} nuf} 4081bQ) ƒvhfp dhb nfdvqfr hstb, ˆjlf vmpfsb zfïfrv vnCt zfmfsj snrvD sJsk Ffjstb; htstb, ªhjGkmq Jfbfv dlsj ˆn.« (zf}, zflf}, bf}, ƒdr}, ƒJc}, nuf} 7043bQ) snrvDsk hjGk Kfjfv mfsb rt, snrvD svfpflfvsj nht vfsJ ˆhQ svfpfv jó kfv ubA rfîf jsv. zfv êf rt wfvDdvj hjGk. i[f§Àsv wvqD hjGk rt, vnCt -ˆv zfslw iftb ˆhQ k]fv zbcnvB. mrfbhD ˆƒ snrvDv Èv¢k¶ hBGbf jvsk dosq kf dlsq mcndtm W zfrst djkfh (ƒqfùlD W dJaófbslv) svfpfv mfsU ifKGjA dydrÁk jsvsYb. dkdb zbAfbA hAfifsv kfslv dhsvfdLkf jvfv mk kfskW dhsvfdLkf jvsk zfmfslvsj zfslw jsvsYb. dkdb hstb, ªzfmfslv svfpf W zfrst djkfshv svfpfv mfsU ifKGjA rt snrvD JfWqf.« (mc} 1096, zflf} 2343, Ifdn} mcndbl 98ix})

dddjjj sssJJJsssttt sssnnnrrrvvvDDD JJJfffWWWqqqfff rrrssshhh??? z¬i-dh²Àv sp sjfb Jfhfv sJstƒ snrvD JfWqfv dhdL ifdtk rsq pfsh. ˆmbdj sj… pdl ˆj sTfj lcL, yf zKhf ifdbW Jfq zKhf 2/1de dhõce hf sJucvW Jfq, kfrst kfvW snrvD JfWqfv ncâk iftb rsq pfsh. zfv ˆƒ nfmfbA idvmfB Jfhfsvƒ svfpflfv ˆƒ dhvfe Ivp svfpf iftsbv mfLAsm mrfb zfïfrv zfbcokA jvsk ht ifsh ˆhQ dIdvñfhoG kfv ubA lczf jvsh. zfhC nf„l JclvD jkGxj hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt hstb, ªsnrvD JfWqfsk hjGk zfsn. nckvfQ skfmvf kf sJsk sYsVf bf; pdlW kfsk skfmvf ˆj sTfj ifdbW JfW. sjbbf, pfvf snrvD Jfq kfslv ubA zfïfr vrmk hNGB jsvb ˆhQ dIdvñf lczf jvsk Kfsjb.« (zf}, nuf} 3683bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªskfmvf snrvD JfW; pdlW ˆj sTfj ifdb rq.« (zf}, ƒdr} iamcJ, nuf} 2945bQ)


51

zfhC ùvfƒvf jkGxj hdBGk, mrfbhD hstb, ªmcdmsbv swaô snrvD rt sJucv.« (zflf} 2345 bQ, ƒdr}, hf} 4/236-237, dnn} 562bQ) zhwA snrvD JfWqfsk hfVfhfdV jvf …dyk bq. jfvB, shwD ifbfrfv jvfv Ist ƒhflk W zfbcoskA zftnA nxdó rq. djYc stfj zfsY, pfvf otfq otfq HAfvfƒdeu ifbfrfv jsv ˆmbHfsh sie iCBG jsv sbq sp, msb rq kfv w¶fnjó rs¤Y. pfv Ist Iusvv bfmfsp hV zftnA W SwdKstAv nfsK …id²¿k rq ˆhQ mndusl zfïfrv dpjXsvv ubAW nfmfbA [B hnsk n[m rq bf. zfv dlsbv shtfq sisev dhdHâ iajfv jmsi½sbv dwjfv rq. zKy mrfbhD hstb, ª…lv zsi[f dbjxókv sjfb ifÛ mfbcN iCBG jsv bf. zflm n§Àfsbv ubA kkecjcƒ JflA psKó, pkecjcsk kfv diE snfuf jsv vfsJ. zfv pdl ˆv sysq shwD sJskƒ rq kfrst spb sn kfv sisev ˆj kxkDqfQw zfrfsvv ubA, ˆj kxkDqfQw ifsbv ubA ˆhQ zbA zfv ˆj kxkDqfQw w¶fn-iaw¶fsnv ubA hAhrfv jsv.« (zf}, dk} 2380, ƒmf} 3349, ƒdr}, rf} 4/121, dnn} 2265, nuf} 5674bQ)

sssnnnrrrvvvDDDvvv nnnmmmqqq }}} snrvD JfWqfv nmq rt zLGvfdÛv iv sKsj Iusvv zfso ipG§À. zfv mc²Àfrfh rt, Iuv rsq pfWqfv zfwËf bf rst swN nmsq snrvD JfWqf. zfbfn jkGxj hdBGk, pfql dhb Nfshk k]fsj ufdbsqsYb sp, k]fvf bhD -ˆv nfsK snrvD sJsq (Iusvv) bfmfp iVsk …sE sosYb. zfbfn hstb, zfdm duÎfnf jvtfm, `snrvD JfWqf W zfpfb rWqfv msLA jkecjc nmq dYt?' …Ùsv pfql htstb, ìÑfw zKhf Nfede zfqfk iVsk pkecjc tfso.' (hc} 575, 1921, mc} 1097, dk} 703bQ) ˆJfsb zfqfk htsk mLAm Lvsbv zfqfk oBA rsh. zfv ˆƒ swaBDv 50/60de zfqfk iVsk smfefmcde 15/20 dmdbe nmq tfso. zkˆh ncâk rt, zfpfsbv 15/20 dmdbe zfso snrvD JfWqf. mrfbhD -ˆv nfrfhfoB Jch kfVfkfdV (nmq rWqf mfÛ) ƒIkfv jvskb ˆhQ Jch slvD jsv snrvD sJskb. (hf} 4/238, ƒzfwf} 8932bQ) nckvfQ snrvD zfso zfso sJsq sItf …dyk bq. mLA vfsk snrvD sJsq Ocdmsq iVf skf smfseƒ …dyk bq. jfvB, kfsk Iusvv bfmfp Ycse pfq. Ocdmsq sKsj rq kfv ufmfzfk Ycse pfq. bsy{, bfmfspv nmq yst dosq nCpG …Efv iv sykb rst bfmfpefƒ jfpf rsq pfq. bf†pc dhïfdr dmb pfdtj. zfv db}ns¦lsr ˆde ˆjde hV mnDhk; pfsk hù svfpflfv sI]sn Kfsj. zfïfr kfslvsj srlfqfk jv¢b. zfmDb.

IIIuuuvvv ………lllqqq rrrWWWqqqfffvvv hhhAAA fffiiifffsssvvv nnnsss¦¦¦lllrrr rrrsssttt }}} Iuv …lq rWqfv hAfifsv ns¦lr rst svfpflfv kk[B ipG§À ifbfrfv jvsk ifsv, pk[B ipG§À bf sn Iuv …lq rWqfv hAfifsv dbdÇyk rsqsY. zfv ns¦lsrv …iv ifbfrfv há jvsh bf. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr ifbfrfv há jvfv swN nmq dbLGfdvk


jsvsYb dbdÇyk W ±ió Iuvsj; nd¦lÊ W z±ió Iuvsj bq. dkdb hstsYb, ط األ ب ي ض م ن ال خ ي ط األ س و د م ن ال ف ج ر و ك ل و ا و اش ر ب و ا ح ت ى ي ت ب ي ن ل ك م ال خ ي ( (

zKGf{, zfv skfmvf ifbfrfv jv, pk[B ipG§À bf (vfskv) jfstf zájfv sKsj Iusvv nflf svJf skfmfslv dbje ±ió rsqsY. (jc} 2/187) ˆj hAdÙÁ ƒhsb zfêfn -sj htt, `zfdm snrvD sJsk Kfdj. zk}iv pJb (Iuv rWqfv) ns¦lr rq, kJb (ifbfrfv) há jdv.' dkdb htstb, `pk[B ns¦lr Kfsj kk[B sJsk Kfj, ns¦lr lCv rsq sost JfWqf há jv.' (ƒzfwf} 9057, 9067bQ) ƒmfm zfrmfl (v}) hstb, Ìuv …lq rWqfv hAfifsv ns¦lr rstW pk[B ipG§À bf dbdÇyk rWqf sosY kk[B svfpflfv ifbfrfv jvsk ifvsh.' (dInc} 1/404) pdl sjfb hAdÙÁ Iuv …lq rWqfv hAfifsv ns¦lr svsJ Jfq, zKhf Iuv …lq rqdb msb jsv Jfq, zk}iv ufbsk ifsv sp, JfWqfv zfsoƒ Iuv …lq rsq sosY, zKhf Iusvv zfpfb rsq sosY, kfrst kfv svfpf ðÝ ˆhQ kfsj ‰ svfpf jfpf jvsk rsh bf. pdlW sn zfnst Iusvv iv sJsqsY. jfvB, sn bf susb sJsqsY. zfv bf susb JfWqf [mfrG. zKGf{ kf LkGhA bq. (mcm} 6/409-411) i[f§Àsv pdl sj… Ocm sKsj suso …sE ufbsk ifsv sp, Iuv hf Iusvv zfpfb rsq sosY ˆhQ kf nsÙ¶ ifdb hf zbA djYc Jfq, kfrst kfv svfpf rsh bf. kfsj ‰ dlb ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl svfpfv mkƒ há svsJ vmpfb iv jfpf vfJsk rsh. ÎfkhA sp, snrvDv swN nmq rt iChG zfjfsw YdVsq iVf nflf zfstfj svJfv …ßh jft. nfmcvfr dhb ucblch jkGxj hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt hstb, ªdhtfstv zfpfb ˆhQ (iChGfjfsw) zftdìk ðë suAfdk spb skfmfslvsj snrvD JfWqfsk hfLf bf slq. zhwA iChGfjfsw YdVsq iVf suAfdk slsJ JfWqf há jsvf.« (zf}, mc}, zflf} 2346, dk}, ƒzfwf}, lfvf}, hf}, ƒo} 915bQ) htf hfùtA, YdVsq iVf …ÙÁ nflf svJf idvlxó rst nfsK nfsK svfpflfsvv ubA ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl sKsj dhvk rWqf Wqfsuh. kfsk sn Iusvv zfpfb ðbcj, zKhf bf ðbcj. jfvB, mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªskfmvf ifbfrfv jv, pk[B ipG§À bf (vfskv) jfstf zájfv sKsj Iusvv nflf svJf skfmfslv dbje ±ió rsqsY.« (jc} 2/187) zfv mrfbhD hstb, ªƒhsb …s©m mfjkCsmv zfpfb bf slWqf ipG§À skfmvf ifbfrfv jv. jfvB, sn Iuv …lq bf rst zfpfb slq bf.« (hc} 1918, mc} 1092bQ) t[BDq sp, Iuv …lq rsqsY dj bf, kf-ƒ slJfv dhNq; zfpfb rsqsY dj bf, kf bq. zkˆh mczfpdpb pdl dbHGvspfoA rq ˆhQ ufbf pfq sp, sn Iuv …lq bf rst zfpfb slq bf zKhf Iuv …lq rWqfv isv slvD jsv zfpfb slq bf, kfrst kfv zfpfb swfbfmfÛ ifbfrfv sKsj dhvk rWqf Wqfsuh. i[f§Àsv mczfpdpb pdl (Iuv …lsqv) nmq rWqfv iCshGƒ zfpfb slq, kfrst kfv zfpfb ðsb ifbfrfv há jvf Wqfsuh bq. klbv™i mczfpdpb pdl dTst rq ˆhQ pKfnmq sKsj slvD jsv zfpfb slq, kfrst nmq swN ufbf nsÙ¶W zfpfb rqdb hst sJsq pfWqf ShL bq. jfvB, ˆsk svfpf rsh bf.


53

dj§Â mczfpspsbv zh²¿f bf ufbf sost, zKhf ˆjƒ wrsv ˆjfdLj mnduslv ˆjfdLj mczfpspsbv dhdHâ nmsq zfpfb rst ˆhQ wrsvv dHksv Ov-hfdV kKf tfƒsev Ist Iuv …lq rWqfv nmq dbsu dbLGfvB bf jvsk ifvst dbHGvspfoA snƒ ƒntfmD idÓjf zbcpfqD zfmt jvf uv¢vD, pfsk dbJ]ckHfsh Iuv …lsqv ²¿fbDq nmq O¦ef-dmdbe nr ±ió dtJf Kfsj. zk}iv dbsuv OdV dEj svsJ snƒ nmq zbcpfqD snrvD-ƒIkfv jvst mrfbhD -ˆv snƒ rflDsnv …iv zfmt rsh, pfsk dkdb hstb, ªsp dhNsq ns¦lr zfsY sn dhNq huGb jsv kfƒ jv pfsk ns¦lr sbƒ.« (zf}, dk} 2518, bf}, ƒdr}, k¶fh} iamcJ, ƒo} 2074, nuf} 3377, 3378bQ) ªnckvfQ sp nd¦lrfb dhNqfhtD sKsj lCsv Kfjsh, sn kfv äDb W ƒÏksj h]fdysq sbsh.« (zf} 4/269, 270, hc} 52, mc} 1599bQ, zflf}, dk}, ƒmf}, lf}) ÎfkhA sp, Iuv …lq rWqfv 5/10 dmdbe zfso nkjGkfmCtjHfsh ifbfrfv sKsj dhvk rWqf ˆjde dhlzfk. sjfb sjfb idÓjf (hf vmpfb-nWofsk) sp ˆjde Ov snrvDv swN nmsqv ˆhQ ixKj zfv ˆjde Ov Iusvv zfpfsbv t[A jvf pfq, kf zfnst wvDqk-dhsvfLD jfu. (û} kfdm} 418ix}, 48} 48ix}) jfvB, snrvDv swN nmq spefƒ, snefƒ Iusvv zfpfsbv nmq. zfv Iusvv zfpfsbv nmsqv zfso stfsjslv ifbfrfv há jvf zhwAƒ wvDqk-dhsvfLD jfu. htf hfùtA, (dhswN jsv) vmpfb mfsn mczfpdpb-ƒmfmslv …dyk, pKfnmsq zfpfb slWqfv hAfifsv nhGfk¹j iasyóf vfJf. vfƒe-efƒsmv OdV äfvf Iuv …lsqv hAfifsv dbdÇyk bf rWqf ipG§À zfpfb slWqf smfseƒ …dyk bq. pfsk k]fvf stfsjslvsj sLfjf dlsq ˆmb nmq zfpfb bf dlsq hsnb, sp nmsq kfslv ubA zfïfrv rftftjxk JflA kfslv ubA rfvfm jsv slb ˆhQ nmq rWqfv iCshGƒ Iusvv bfmfp rftft jsv hsnb. zfv ˆ sp jk hV dhiÏbj, kf zbcsmq. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb Ifdn} mcndbl 36ix}) rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf jkGxj hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt hstb, ªpJb skfmfslv sj… zfpfb swfsb ˆhQ snƒ nmq kfv rfsk (ifdbv) ifÛ Kfsj, kJb sn spb kf sKsj dbsuv iasqfub iCBG bf jvf ipG§À svsJ bf slq.« (zf} 2/432, 510, zflf} 2350, lfvf} 2162, rf} 1/203, hf}, dnn} 1394bQ) zsbj …tfmf …ÙÁ rflDndesj ˆ jKfv ltDt msb jsvb sp, sp hAdÙÁv rfsk Jfhfsvv ifÛ (dbsq sJsk) Kfjf zh²¿fq Iuv (hf kfv zfpfb) rsq pfq, kfv ubA kf sKsj dbsuv iasqfub iCBG bf jvf ipG§À svsJ slWqf (JfWqf há jvf) ShL bq. nckvfQ ˆ hAfifvde zfqfskv nfLfvB dbslGw sKsj ök§Ã. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªzfv skfmvf ifbfrfv jv, pk[B ipG§À bf (vfskv) jfstf zájfv sKsj Iusvv nflf svJf skfmfslv dbje ±ió rsqsY.« (jc} 2/187) zkˆh …ÙÁ zfqfk kKf zbcv™i zsKGv njt rflDn …ipGcÙÁ rflDsnv dhsvfLD bq. kfYfVf ƒumfv iadkjCtW bq. hvQ nfrfhfslv ˆjde ufmfzfk ˆhQ zfsvf zbAfbAoB …ÙÁ rflDn zsi[f zfsvf iaw²Àkf svsJ msb jsvb sp, Iuv …Ï¶t rsq sost ˆhQ


sHfsvv ðë zfstf vf²Àfq YdVsq iVstW sn ipG§À ifbfrfv jvf ShL. (û} Ihf} 4/162-163, dnn} 3/382-384, kfdm} 417-418ix}) zsbsj msb jsvb, …ÙÁ rflDsn `zfpfb' htsk dhtfstv zfpfbsj hcUfsbf rsqsY; pf iaKm (snrvD hf kfrfÏcslv) zfpfb ˆhQ pf Iusvv zfso slWqf rk. mrfbhD hstb, ªdhtft vfsk zfpfb slq. nckvfQ skfmvf kk[B ipG§À ifbfrfv jvsk Kfj, pk[B ipG§À bf ƒhsb …s©m mfjkCm zfpfb slq.« (hc} 617bQ, mc}) zKhf …ÙÁ rflDsnv zKG ˆƒ sp, zfpfb ðsbW pdl Iuv …lsq ns¦lr rq, spmb zfjfw smOf¤Yâ Kfjfv Ist zájfv Kfsj, kfrst sn nmq sjht zfpfsb Iuv rWqfv jKf dbdÇykv™si ufbf pfq bf. jfvB, Iuv ufbfv sp mfLAm kf (Iusvv suAfdk) sbƒ. zfv mczfpdpb kf slsJ Iuv …lsqv jKf ufbsk ifvst snW ufbsk ifvk. i[f§Àsv Iuv …lq rWqfv jKf ˆmdbƒ hcUsk ifvf sost mczfpspsbv zfpfb swfbfv iasqfub sbƒ. jfvB, sn skf (vfskv) jfstf zájfv sKsj Iusvv nflf svJf ±ió rstƒ ifbfrfv sKsj dhvk Kfjsk zfdló. ˆ jKf hstsYb JfÙ¶fhD. hfƒrfj¶D hstb, `…ÙÁ rflDn nrDr rst zdLjfQw …tfmfv dbje kfv hAfJAf ˆƒ sp, mrfbhD susbdYstb, mczfpdpb Iuv rWqfv zfso zfpfb slq. nckvfQ kJb sn ifb jvst Iuv …lsqv zfsoƒ ifb jvf rsh.' (hf} 4/218) zftD zft-j¶fvD hstb, `…ÙÁ dbslGw kJb iaspfuA, pJb Iuv …lsq ns¦lr rq.' ƒhbct mfstj hstb, `…ÙÁ dbslGw kJb iaspfuA, pJb ufbsk ifvsh bf sp, Iuv …lq rsq sosY. bsy{, pJb Iuv …lq rWqfv jKf ufbsk ifvsh ˆhQ kfsk ns¦lr jvsh kJb bq.' (zfmf} 6/341-342) ˆ YfVf zfsvf zbA hAfJAfW jvf rsqsY. nckvfQ zfïfrƒ Hfstf ufsbb. htf hfùtA, swsNfÙÁ …tfmfslv mkfbcnfsv pJb sjfb svfpflfv mcsJ sjfb JflA hf ifbDq Kfjf zh²¿fq Iusvv zfpfb ðbsh, kJbƒ sn kf mcJ sKsj …ost sIst slsh. zfv ˆsk kfv svfpf ðÝ rsq pfsh. (70} 61bQ) iajfw Kfsj sp, snrvD JfWqfv iv mczfpdpsbv zfpfsbv zsi[f jsv kfv `zfïf--' htfv nfsK nfsK SkvD vfJf ifdb swN hfsvv mk ifb jvf ShL bq. jfvB, zfpfb rq Iuv …lq rWqfv nfsK nfsK ˆhQ ˆ jKf ufbfhfv …sÜswA sp snrvDv nmq swN. zkˆh Jfhfv nmq sbƒ ufbfv isvW JfWqf wvDqskv dhsvfdLkf kKf svfpf bó jvfv jfu. (kfIfnfnf} 40ix} û}) iCshGv zfstfybfq zfmvf ufbsk sisvdY sp, Iusvv zfso ˆjde zfpfb zfsY, pf kfrfÏcl W snrvDv nmq ufbfhfv ubA hAhrfv jvf rk mrfbhD -ˆv pcso. zkˆh snrvDv nmq stfsjslvsj ufofsbfv ubA snƒ zfpfsbv hlst jcvzfb hf out iVf, sht hf O¦ef hfufsbf, zKhf skfi lfof dhlzfk. (mcdh} 268ix})

ƒƒƒIIIkkkfffvvv


55

wwwDDDOOO aa a ƒƒƒIIIkkkfffvvv }}} svfpfv dbdlGó nmq zdkhfdrk rsq sost svfpf sJftf hf ƒIkfv jvfv ubA iaskAj svfpflfsvv zLDv zfoasr zsi[f jvfefƒ öfHfdhj. zfv snƒ nmq sp kfv svfpf iCBG jvsk ifsv iajxdkokHfsh sn JcwD rq. zkˆh ƒIkfv jvsk kfVfkfdV jvfefƒ öfHfdhj hAfifv. dj§Â kf nsÙ¶W lqfv bhD zfmfslvsj nk¶v ƒIkfv jvsk dbslGw dlsqsYb ˆhQ ufdbsqsYb sp, kfsk zfmfslv mÌt zfsY. dkdb hstb, ªstfsjvf kk[B mÌst Kfjsh, pk[B kfvf ƒIkfv jvsk kfVfkfdV jvsh.« (hc} 1957, mc} 1098bQ) spsrkc ƒqfùl W dJaófbvf svfpf svsJ slvD jsv ƒIkfv jsv, kfƒ dkdb zfmfslvsj kfslv dhv¢ÝfyvB jvsk zfslw dlsqsYb. dkdb hstb, ªäDb kkjft dhuqD Kfjsh, pkjft stfsjvf ƒIkfv jvsk kfVfkfdV jvsh. jfvB, ƒqfùl W dJaófbvf slvD jsv ƒIkfv jsv.« (zflf}, rf}, ƒdr}, nuf} 7689bQ) sJfl mrfbhD -ˆv zfmt dYt utdl ƒIkfv jvf. zfhC zfdk¶qfr hstb, zfdm W mfnv™j zfsqwf (vf})ˆv dbje …id²¿k rsq httfm, `sr …©mct mcsmbDb! mcrf©mfl -ˆv nfrfhDslv msLA ˆjub (nmq rWqf mfÛ) kfVfkfdV ƒIkfv jsv W kfVfkfdV bfmfp isV ˆhQ ziv ˆjub slvD jsv ƒIkfv jsv W slvD jsv bfmfp isV.' dkdb htstb, `Wslv msLA sj kfVfkfdV ƒIkfv jsv W kfVfkfdV bfmfp isV?' zfmvf httfm, `zfècïfr (zKGf{ ƒhsb mfn†l).' dkdb htstb, `zfïfrv vnCt ˆ vjmƒ (kfVfkfdV ƒIkfv W bfmfp zflfq) jvskb.' (mc} 1099bQ) nmq rWqfv nfsK nfsK wDOa ƒIkfv jvf bhcqskv ˆjde zflwG. mrfbhD hstb, ªdkbde jfu bhcqskv zflswGv z§ÀHGcÙÁ; utdl ƒIkfv jvf, slvD jsv (swN nmsq) snrvD JfWqf ˆhQ bfmfsp Ffb rfksj hfm rfskv …iv vfJf.« (k¶fh}, mfpf} 2/105, nuf} 3038bQ) htf hfùtA, ²¿fbDqHfsh nCspGv hxdÙv nm²À zQwef zlxwA rsq (z²À) sost svfpflfsvv …dyk, nfsK nfsK snƒ nmq ƒIkfv jvf. zfv ˆ nmq dbm zfjfsw zhdwó tft zfHf KfjstW kf slJfv bq. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, ªvfk pJb ˆdlj (iChG ooB) sKsj zfok rsh, dlb pJb ˆdlj (idÇym ooB) sKsj dhlfq sbsh ˆhQ nCpG pJb z²À pfsh, kJb svfpflfv ƒIkfv jvsh.« (hc} 1941, 1954, mc} 1100, 1101, zflf} 2351, 2352, dk}, lf}) zkˆh slJfv dhNq rt nCpGf²À; zfpfb bq. nckvfQ svfpflfv pdl öys[ slsJ sp, nCpG Fcsh sosY dj§Â mczfpdpb ˆJsbf zfpfb slqdb, kfrstW kfv ubA ƒIkfv jvf ShL. (mcm} 6/439) i[f§Àsv iChGnkjGkfmCtjHfsh mczfpdpbslv slvD jsv zfpfb slWqf dhlzfk. (mcdh} 268ix})


nnnCC Cppp GG G sssFFFfffhhhfffvvv iiivvv zzzfffhhhfffvvv nnnCC Cppp GG G ssslllJJJsssttt }}} nCpG sFfhfv iv sjfb mcnfdIv dhmfb h¦lsv ƒIkfv jvfv iv si½sb ysV zfjfsw …sE pdl nCpG slsJ, kfrst kfv ubA ifbfrfv sKsj dhvk Kfjf ˆhQ icbvfq svfpfq Kfjfv dbqk jvf uv¢vD bq. jfvB, sn kfv svfpfv iCBG ˆjde dlb zdkhfdrk jsv sIstsY. zkˆh ƒhflk jvfv …sÜswA kf swN rsq pfWqfv iv icbvfq ðv¢ jvfv sjfb iK sbƒ. zfv kfsj ‰ dlb jfpfW jvsk rsh bf. sjbbf, kfv svfpf ðÝ rsq sosY. i[f§Àsv nCpG z²À pfWqfv iCshG si½b …sV idÇym dlsj pfÛf ðv¢ jvst ˆhQ mcnfdIv ‰ dlsbv svfpf iCBG jvsk yfƒst sn dbsuv slswv nmq zbcpfqD ƒIkfv jvsk ifvsh bf. hvQ wCsbA Kfjf zh²¿fq pk[B bf nCpG z²Àdmk rsk slJsh, kk[B sn svfpfq Kfjsk hfLA; pdlW kfsk dlb zsbj tìf rsh. zbcv™i ƒIkfv jvfv ubA zfjfswv sp stsHst ˆsn nCpG slJf pfq bf sn stsHst si½b bfdmsq zfbf ifƒtsev ubA ShL bq. jfvB, kf ˆj iajfv Yt-hfrfbf. zhwA pdl …Öqsbv sjfb öfsKG dhmfb dbsyv stsHst bfmfsk rq ˆhQ snJfsb ˆsn nCpG zlxwA rq, kfrst ƒIkfv jvf pfsh. (mh} 14/125, 16/130, 30/123, 70} 19bQ)

nnnCC Cppp GG G FFFcc c ssshhh sssooosssYYY mmmsssbbb jjjsssvvv ƒƒƒIIIkkkfffvvv jjjvvvsssttt }}} nCpG Fcsh sosY msb jsv svfpflfv ƒIkfv jsv sbWqfv iv pdl ufbf pfq sp, nCpG ˆJbW Fcsh db, kfrst ndEj msk kfv svfpf ðÝ; kfsj jfpf jvsk rsh bf. jfvB, sn bf susbƒ ƒIkfv jsv sIstsY. zfv zh²¿f (nmq) bf susb svfpf bójfvD dudbn hAhrfv jvst kfv ˆ (bf ufbfv) Wpv oarBspfoA. kf YfVf zfnmf dhs§À zfhD hfjXv (vf}) hstb, `bhD -ˆv pcso ˆjlf zfmvf smOtf dlsb ƒIkfv jvtfm. kfviv nCpG slJf sot.' (hc} 1959, zflf} 2359, ƒmf} 1674bQ) nckvfQ k]fvf nCpG Fcsh sosY msb jsvƒ dlsbv shtfq ƒIkfv jsvdYstb. zkˆh zh²¿f hf nmq k]fslv zufbf dYt; wvqD dbslGw bq. k]fslv LfvBfq dYt bf sp, sn nmqef dlsbv shtf. zfv mrfbhD k]fslvsj sn dlbsj jfpf jvskW zfslw slbdb. i[f§Àsv (…ÙÁ zh²¿fq) jfpf Wqfsuh rst kf wvDqkv™si idvodBk ˆhQ kfv hBGbf zfu ipG§À ncvd[k rk. zkˆh kf pJb ncvd[k sbƒ ˆhQ sn hAfifsv sjfb dbslGw mrfbhD jkGxj hdBGk sbƒ, kJb smZdtj zh²¿f rt, lfdqk¶mcÙÁ rWqf ˆhQ jfpf bf jvf. (mcm} 6/402-403, 410-411)

dddjjj dddlllsssqqq ƒƒƒIIIkkkfffvvvDDD rrrssshhh??? djYc zfLf-ifjf zKhf iCBG ifjf (ð°j) sJucv dlsq ˆhQ kf bf ifWqf sost ifdb dlsq ƒIkfv jvf ncâk. zfbfn hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt bfmfspv iCshG djYc zfLf-ifjf sJucv dlsq ƒIkfv jvskb. kf bf sist iCBG ifjf (ðjbf) sJucv dlsq ˆhQ kfW bf sist jsqj sTfj ifdb sJsq dbskb.' (zf} 3/164, zflf} 2356, dk} 696, ƒmf} 2065, lfvf} 240, rf}


57

1/432, hf} 4/239, ƒo} 922bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ sJucv ifq, sn spb kf dlsq ƒIkfv jsv. sp hAdÙÁ kf bf ifq, sn spb ifdb dlsq ƒIkfv jsv. jfvB, kf rt idhÛ.« (dk}, bf}, rf}, ƒJc} 2066, nuf} 6583bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, `bhD 3de sJucv äfvf zKhf ˆmb Jfhfv äfvf ƒIkfv jvsk iY¦l jvskb, pfsj zfÈb ±iwG jsv db.' (zfqf}, nkf} 1064bQ) ƒhbct jfƒsqm (v}) hstb, `bhD sJucv äfvf ƒIkfv jvsk ˆhQ kf bf ifWqf sost ifdb äfvf ƒIkfv jvsk …{nfdrk jvskb. zfv ˆ rt …©mskv iadk k]fv idviCBG lqf W drkfjf£Jfv dblwGb. sie Jfdt Kfjf zh²¿fq iajxdk (ifj²¿tD)sj dmdó dudbn dlst kf zdLjv™si oarB jsv ˆhQ kÜ¶fvf dhdHâ wdÙÁW …ijxk rq; dhswN jsv lxdówdÙÁ ˆv äfvf hxdÝ ifq. mlDbfv dmdó rt sJucv. sJucv mlDbfhfnDv dmófâ. sJucsvv …ivƒ kfslv tftb-iftb. sJucv kfslv iaLfb JflA ˆhQ kf-ƒ kfslv nrspfoD JflA. zfv zLGiÄ sJucv kfslv Itöv™i. i[f§Àsv ifdbW (ˆ nmsq hV Èv¢k¶iCBG dudbn.) svfpfv Ist jdtufq ˆj iajfv ð°jkf zfsn. nckvfQ kf iaKsm ifdb dlsq zfûG jvst kfviv JflA äfvf …ijfv idviCBG rq. ˆ ubA diifnfkG W [cLfkG mfbcsNv ubA …Ùm rt, iaKsm ˆjec ifdb ifb jsv kfvisv sJsk ðv¢ jvf. ˆ YfVf sJucv W ifdbsk ˆmb ShdwóA vsqsY, rfseGv …ijfdvkfq pfv iaHfshv jKf sjht FfÙÁfvoBƒ ufsbb.' (pfmf} 2/50-51) htf hfùtA, jfsvf jfsY ifdb W mLc Kfjst, ifdbsj iafLfbA dlsq ifdb äfvf ƒIkfv jvsh. sjbbf vnCt hstb, ª--- sp hAdÙÁ kf bf ifq, sn spb ifdb dlsq ƒIkfv jsv. jfvB, kf rt idhÛ.« zhwA ifdb ifb jvfv iv mLc JfWqf slfNfhr bq. (mcm} 6/442) ˆƒ dHdÙskƒ Jfdt sise …ijfvD hst lfhD jsv iaKsm zflf-thB zKhf (sJucv YfVf) zbA sjfb dudbn mcsJ dbsq ƒIkfv jvf ncâskv iadkjCt. zhwA iaKsm ˆj sTfj ifdb sJsq kfviv ‰ nh sJsk slfN sbƒ. ƒIkfv jvfv nmq JfWqfv mk sjfb dudbn bf ifWqf sost msb msb ƒIkfsvv dbqk jvfƒ psKó. ˆ s[sÛ zfÌct syfNfv iasqfub sbƒ - spmb djYc nfLfvB stfj jsv Kfsj. spmb v¢mftsj KcKc dlsq dHdusq kf syfNfW dhsLq bq. (‰) ÎfkhA sp, zsbj stfsjƒ ˆƒ mfsnv ƒIkfsvv nmq hV tìf-yWVf l²ÀvJfb dhdYsq Kfsj. pfsk nfufsbf rq (yhGA-syfNA-strA-siq) bfbf vjm ifbfrfv nfmoaD. jJsbf jJsbf nfsLAv hfƒsv bfbfb Lvsbv sofñX, wfj-ndç, It-mCt, wvhk-ucn W [Dv-nfmfƒ-diEf-icdv ƒkAfdlv n©Hfv ia²Âk jvf rq. pfv zsbjfQw iasqfusbv zdkdvÙÁ; dhLfq kf sIst dlsk rq. pf db}ns¦lsr rfvfm. vmpfb zfmfslv jfsY kf yfq bf. kfYfVf ziyq wvDqsk dbdNÝ W dbd¦lk. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

و ك ل و ا و اش ر ب و ا و ال ت س ر ف و ا، إ ن ه ال ي ح ب ال م س ر ف ي ن ( (


zKGf{, skfmvf JfW ˆhQ ifb jv. zfv ziyq jsvf bf. dbÇyq dkdb ziyqjfvDsj iY¦l jsvb bf. (jc} 7/31)

) و ال ت ب ذ ر ت ب ذ ي را ، إ ن ال م ب ذ ر ي ن ك ان و ا إ خ و ان الش ي اط ي ن ( zKGf{, skfmvf djYcskƒ zihAq jsvf bf. jfvB, zihAqjfvDvf wqkfsbv Hfƒ. (jc} 17/26-27) htf hfùtA, ˆ hAfifsv zfmfslvsj mLAhkGD i§¿f zhtìb jvf …dyk. …dyk bq, dbdNÝ jxiBslv iK zhtìb jvf. spmb …dyk bq, ziyq W zihAsqv rfvfm iK oarB jvf. (kfIfnfnf} 33-34ix})

ƒƒƒIIIkkkfffsssvvvvvv nnnmmmqqq }}} spmb iCshGƒ zfstfdyk rsqsY sp, nCspGv icsvf hxÙ zlxwA rWqfv nfsK nfsK ƒIkfsvv nmq rq. zfv sn nmq rt mfosvshv bfmfspv zfso. ƒIkfv jsv bfmfp iVfv iv iasqfubDq zfrfv H[B jvsh svfpflfv. zhwA pdl zfrfv ia²Âk Kfsj, kfrst iaKsm zfrfv sJsqƒ bfmfp iVsh. spsrkc zfbfn hstb, zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªvfskv Jfhfv …id²¿k rst mfosvshv bfmfp iVfv zfso skfmvf kf sJsq bfW. zfv sn Jfhfv sJsk kfVfùVf jsvf bf.« (hc} 672, mc} 557bQ) dj§Â nmq rWqfv iCshG ƒIkfv jvf rsk nfhLfb! jfvB, mrfbhD ˆjlt stfjsj (ösi´) slJstb sp, kfvf kfslv ifsqv sofVfdtv …iv smfef dwvfq (h]fLf zh²¿fq) tejfsbf zfsY, kfslv jwocstf sjse W dY]sV zfsY ˆhQ jw shsq vÙÁW UvsY. bhD hstb, zfdm httfm, `Wvf jfvf?' k]fvf htstb, `Wvf rt kfvf; pfvf nmq rWqfv iCshG-iCshGƒ ƒIkfv jsv dbk---.« (ƒJc}, ƒdr}, hf} 4/216, rf} 1/430, nkf} 991bQ)

sssvvvfffpppfff zzzhhh²²²¿¿ ¿ fffqqq lllcc czzzfff

svfpflfsvv …dyk, ƒIkfv jvfv zfso ipG§À svfpf Kfjf zh²¿fq shwD shwD jsv lczf jvf. jfvB, svfpf Kfjf zh²¿fq svfpflfsvv lczf zfïfrv dbje mÓcv rq. mrfbhD hstb, ªdkb hAdÙÁv lczf zoafrA jvf rq bf (hvQ jhct jvf rq); dikfv lczf,


59

svfpflfsvv lczf ˆhQ mcnfdIsvv lczf.« (hf} 3/345, iamcJ, dnn} 1797bQ) i[f§Àsv ƒIkfv jvfv nmq lczf jhct rWqfv jKf dhðÝ hBGbf äfvf iamfdBk bq. ˆ hAfifsv pf djYc hBGbf jvf rq, kf pqDI. zbcv™i ƒIkfsvv nmq ˆjfjD hf ufmfzfkD rfk kcst lczfW dhsLq bq. jfvB, ncâfr (mrfbhD hf k]fv nfrfhfosBv kvDjfq) ˆ zfmstv hBGbf dmst bf. zkˆh svfpflfv nkjG rb. ˆ ²¿st ifbfrfv jvfv nmq sp nh lczf nfLfvBHfsh iEbDq kf dbm´v™i }- 1. ifbfrfsvv iCshG dhndmïfr htf. jfvB, mrfbhD kf htsk zfslw jsvsYb. (hc} 5376, mc} 2022bQ) zfv dkdb ˆ jKfW ufdbsqsYb sp, kf bf htst wqkfb sHfubjfvDv nfsK sHfusb zQw oarB jsv Kfsj. (mc} 2017, zflf} 3766bQ) ˆjlf ˆjde hfdtjf ˆhQ ˆjub shlc„b `dhndmïfr' bf hstƒ sJsk ðv¢ jvsk yfƒst mrfbhD kfslv rfk Lsv sItstb ˆhQ htstb sp, wqkfb kfslvsj ˆHfsh sJsk …äcÝ jsvsY ˆhQ kfslv rfskv nfsK wqkfsbv rfk k]fv rfsk Lvf zfsY. zfnst wqkfb kfslv nfsK sJsk yfd¤Yt. (‰) 2. JfWqfv ðv¢sk `dhndmïfr' htsk Hcst sost ˆhQ sJsk sJsk msb iVst htsk rq, م اهللا أولبس هآخرو ه …¤yfvB}- dhndmïf-dr zf…Wqftfù z zf-dJvfr. zKG- wcv¢sk W swsN zfïfrv bfm dbsq Jfd¤Y. (zflf} 3767, dk} 1858, ƒmf} 3264, ƒo} 1965bQ) 3. JfWqf swN rst `zft-rfmlc dtïfr' htsk rq. spsrkc djYc JfWqf zKhf ifb jvfv isv hf¦lf zfïfrv iawQnf jv¢j êf dkdb iY¦l jsvb. (mc} 2734, zf} 3/100, 117, dk} 1816bQ) zfv ƒIkfv jvfv nmq sp lczf iamfdBk, kf ƒIkfv jvfv iv iEbDq. ƒhsb …mfv jkGxj hdBGk, bhD ƒIkfv jvst ˆƒ lczf htskb,

ذ ه ب الظ م اء و اب ت ل ت ال ع ر و ق و ث ب ت أأل ج ر إ ن ش اء اهللا . …¤yfvB}- pfrfhfp pfmf-… zhkfïfdkt …v¢j¶c zNfhfkft zfuv¢ ƒbwf-zfïfr. zKG- diifnf lCvDHCk rt, dwvf-…idwvf nsku rt ˆhQ ƒbwf-zfïfr nWqfh nfhA²À rt. (zflf} 2357,nzflf} 2066bQ) ƒIkfsvv nmq ˆƒ lczfq nhsysq nrDrv™si bhD jkxGj hdBGk rsqsY. ˆ YfVf ƒIkfsvv zbAfbA (tfjf ncmkc, ƒkAfdl) lczf dhðÝv™si iamfdBk bq.

sssvvvfffpppfffvvv zzzbbbAAAfffbbbAAA zzzffflllhhh

`sHfso sjht lcsHGfo nfv, hfsV lcsJv shfUf, kAfo dwJX kcƒ nQpm dwJX, snƒ skf zfnt svfpf.

ˆƒ svfpfv swsN „l zfdnsh, vƒsh bf dhNfl..' -jfuD buv¢t


sssvvvfffpppfff dddhhhsssvvvfffLLLDDD jjjmmmGG G sssKKKsssjjj dddhhhvvvkkk KKKfffjjjfff ˆhhhQQQ sssvvvfffpppfff dddbbbmmmGG Gttt jjjvvvfff }}} sp njt swaô ƒhflk äfvf mrfb zfïfrv SbjeA tfH jvf pfq, k¦msLA svfpf rt zbAkm. zfïfr kf hf¦lfv ubA dhdLhÝ jsvsYb, pfsk jsv hf¦lf kÜ¶fvf dbsuv zfk¹f W mbsj nQðÝ jvsk ifsv ˆhQ iaskAj jtAfsBv …iv kfsj zHA²À jvsk ifsv. nckvfQ svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq svfpflfvsj ˆmb nh jmG sKsj lCsv Kfjf hfÒbDq, pf kfv svfpfsj lCdNk jsv sIst. pfsk sn kfv svfpf äfvf icsvficdv …ijxk rsk ifsv. kÜ¶fvf snƒ `kfjWqf' W ìvsrpofvD' tfH rq, pfv jKf dkdb jcvzfsb hstsYb, ªsr „mfblfvoB! skfmfslv …iv svfpf Ivp jvf rt, spmb skfmfslv iChGhkGD …©mskv …iv Ivp jvf rsqdYt. pfsk skfmvf ivsrpofv rsk ifv.« (jc} 2/183) sjhtmfÛ ifbfrfv sKsj dhvk Kfjfv bfm svfpf bq. hvQ svfpf ifbfrfv sKsj ˆhQ zbcv™i njt snƒ h²Â sKsj dhvk Kfjfv bfm, pf zfïfr dbsNL jsvsYb. pdlW dbdNÝ jmG njt mfsnƒ dbdNÝ, khcW dhswN jsv vmpfb mfsn svfpf zh²¿fq kf shwD jsv dbdNÝ. svfpf svfpflfvsj pdl ifbfrfv sKsj dhvk vfsJ; pf kfv uDhb LfvsBv ubA uv¢vD ˆhQ kfsj njt spZbfyfv sKsj dhvk vfsJ; pf kfv Sldrj [cLfv iajxdkok hfnbf, kfrst kfv ubA Wqfsuh W uv¢vD ˆƒ sp, sn sjfb iajfsvv ififyvsB dtå rsh bf; kfsk sn ifi spmbƒ srfj. sn sjfb iajfsvv znfv dÛÁqf-jtfsi dtå rsh bf; kfsk kfv Lvb spmbƒ srfj. sn kfv svfpf zh²¿fq Kfjfv nmqecjcsk ƒhflskv zbcjCt zfyvsB ydvÛhfB Kfjsh. jfvB, ƒhflsk sn zfïfrv nfmsb rfdpv Kfsj. zkˆh iaskAj jKf htfv iCshG sn dy§Àf jvsh, iaskAj jmG jvfv iCshG sn sHsh slJsh sp, kfv sn jKf W jmG kfv ƒhflk svfpfv zbcjCt dj bf? sn jKf hf jmG k]fsj n§Âó jvsh dj, p]fv nfmsb ƒhflskv …sÜswA sn …id²¿k? (û} dInc} 1/405, nfvf} 21-22ix}) zfv pdl svfpflfv kf bf jvsk ifsv, kfrst sn ˆmb svfpflfvslv lst wfdmt rsq pfsh, pfslv hAfifsv zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªdjYc svfpflfv zfsY, pfslv svfpfq [cLf YfVf zbA djYc tfH rq bf ˆhQ djYc kfrfÏclÈpfv zfsY, pfslv kfrfÏcsl vfdÛ ufovB YfVf zbA djYc tfH rq bf.« (ƒmf}, zf}, rf}, hf}, k¶fh}, nuf} 3488, 3490bQ) htf hfùtA, sp svfpflfsvv svfpf kfv ubA Tftöv™i rsh, sp svfpfv mfLAsm sn `vfƒqfb' bfmj lvuf dlsq shsrsñ iashw jvsh, kf rt snƒ svfpf, sp svfpf svsJ Kfsj svfpflfsvv r™lq ˆhQ kfv njt zÌ-iakAÌ.

ddduuusssHHHvvv sssvvvfffpppfff }}} svfpflfsvv …dyk, spb kfv duHW svfpf vfsJ. zKGf{, sn spb iaskAj sbfQvf jKf sKsj; ivyyGf hf oDhk sKsj, ycotsJfvD hf tfofb-Hfufb sKsj, zw½Dt W dmKAf jKf sKsj dhvk Kfsj. lCsv Kfsj mCJGfdm W shWjcdI jvf sKsj. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ svfpf svsJ sbfQvf jKf W kfv …iv zfmt kAfo jvsk ifvt bf, sn hAdÙÁv ifbfrfv kAfo jvfv mfsU zfïfrv sjfb iasqfub sbƒ.« (hc} 6057, ƒmf} 1689, zf}


61

2/452, 505, nczf}) zKGf{, kfv svfpf jhct jvfv hAfifsv k]fv sjfb ƒ¤Yf sbƒ. zfv kfv mfsb kfv svfpf zfïfr jhct jsvb bf. (û} Ihf} 4/140) svfpflfsvv …dyk, zw½Dtkf, Sr-rÕsoft W oftfofdt jvf sKsj lCsv Kfjf ˆhQ Hûkf, zflh W ofd©HpG zhtìb jvf. mrfbhD hstb, ªskfmfslv jfsvf svfpfv dlb rst sn spb zw½Dt bf hsj W UoVf-SrSy bf jsv; iv§Â pdl kfsj sj… oftfofdt jsv zKhf kfv ndrk tVsk yfq, kfrst sn spb hst, `zfdm svfpf svsJdY, zfmfv svfpf zfsY.« (hc} 1904, mc} 1151bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªifbfrfv sKsj dhvk Kfjfv bfm svfpf bq. zfnst svfpf rt, znfv W zw½Dt jKf W jmG sKsj dhvk Kfjfv bfm. zkˆh pdl skfmfsj sj… oftfofdt jsv zKhf skfmfv ndrk sj… mcJGfdm jsv, kfrst kcdm kfsj ht, `zfdm svfpf svsJdY, zfmfv svfpf zfsY.« (ƒJc}, ƒdr}, rf}, nkf} 1068, nuf} 5376bQ) nckvfQ svfpflfvsj sj… ofdt dlst kfv dhdbmsq ofdtlfkfsj `zfdm svfpf svsJdY' htf ncâk. zfv ˆƒ uhfsh vsqsY lcde …ijfv; ˆjdesk vsqsY dbsuv ubA nkjGkf ˆhQ zivdesk vsqsY kfv dhsvfLD is[v ubA nkjGkf. iaKm …ijfv ˆƒ sp, svfpflfv ˆƒ ubAƒ ofdtlfkfv ofdtv hltf dbsq mcjfhftf jvsk yfq bf, jfvB sn svfpf svsJsY. ˆ ubA bq sp, sn mcjfhftf jvsk z[m. spsrkc sn pdl z[mkf iajfw jsv mcjfhftf kAfo jsv, kfrst dhsvfLD is[v jfsY sn kc¤Y rsq pfq ˆhQ kfsk svfpflfv tfdÒk rq. i[f§Àsv ‰ uhfsh dhsvfLD i[ tdÏk rq ˆhQ oftfofdt hf tVfƒ jvf zhAfrk vfJsk zfv nfrn ifq bf. zfv däkDq …ijfv ˆƒ sp, …ÙÁ uhfshv mfLAsm svfpflfv dhsvfLD i[sj ˆƒ nkjGkf lfb jsv sp, svfpf zh²¿fq jf…sj oftfofdt jvsk rq bf. sn s[sÛ ofdtlfkfW svfpflfv rsk ifsv; dhswN jsv ˆƒ oftfofdt pdl vmpfb mfsn rq. zfv kf rst …Hsqƒ dbdNÝ dhNsq dtå rsq pfsh. nckvfQ svfpflfsvv ‰ …Ùv kfsj ofdt slWqf sKsj dbsNL jvfv ipGfqHcÙÁ rsh. iv§Â ofdt slWqf rt ˆjde m¦l jfu; pfsk hfLf slWqf uv¢vD. (û} mcm} 6/437, 48} 12ix}) sjfb sjfb hBGbfsk zfsY sp, ªsvfpf svsJ kcdm jf…sj oftfofdt jsvf bf. dj§Â pdl skfmfsj sj… oftfofdt jsv, kfrst kcdm kfsj ht, `zfdm svfpf svsJdY. zfv sn nmq pdl kcdm l]fdVsq Kfj, kfrst hsn pfW.« (ƒJc} 1994, ƒdr}, mfWqfdvl 897, nkf} 1068bQ) jfvB, sÛÁfLfd¦hk zh²¿fq hsn sost sÛÁfL iawdmk rq. mrfbhD hstb, ªskfmfslv sj… pJb l]fdVsq Kfjf zh²¿fq sÛÁfLfd¦hk rq, kJb sn spb hsn pfq. kfsk kfv sÛÁfL iawdmk rst Hft, bf rst sn spb ðsq pfq.« (zf} 5/152, zflf}, ƒdr}, nuf} 694bQ) svfpflfsvv ubA Wqfsuh, kfv duHW spb svfpf vfsJ; zKGf{, kfsk spb sn (oDhk W ycotsJfvD jsv) stfsjslv sofñX bf Jfq, kfslv ƒÏk dh[k bf jsv ˆhQ kfslv zfsifsn dhhfl nxdó bf jsv. kfv duH spb mcndtmslvsj jó slWqf sKsj, kfslv ním bó jvf sKsj ˆhQ kfslv


mfsU zw½Dtkf YVfsbf sKsj svfpf vfsJ. kfv duH spb hfsu jKf sKsj, Èuh vefsbf sKsj, dbvivfLsj zihfl W jtË zfsvfi jvf sKsj ˆhQ äDblfv mfbcNslv ncbfm bó jsv hlbfm jvf sKsj svfpf vfsJ. kfv duH spb L¶QnjfvD zá i[ifdkk¶ jvf sKsj ˆhQ vfo W sÛÁfsLv nmq sbfQvf W zw½Dt htf sKsj svfpf vfsJ. kfv duH spb oftfofdt jvf sKsj, zivsj dre mfvf sKsj ˆhQ nmfu-dhsvfLD zivfLDslvsj sofib vfJf ˆhQ kfslv kvIlfvD jvf sKsj svfpf vfsJ. kfv duH spb jfsb-jfsb zKhf sIfsb-sIfsb zShL mdrtfv nfsK siamftfi jvf sKsj svfpf vfsJ. zfïfrv vnCt hstb, ªmfbcNsj kfslv dbu dur ¶f-ufk ifi YfVf zbA djYc dj kfslv mcJ zKhf bfj sY]ysV slfusJ dbs[i jvsh?' (dk} 2615, ƒmf} 3973, zf} 5/231, ƒo} 413bQ)

rrr™™™lllsssqqqvvv sssvvvfffpppfff }}} slsrv zÌ-iakAsÌv vfuf rt r™lq. htf hfùtA, ˆƒ r™lq pJbƒ wvqD svfpf vfJsh, kJbƒ nfvf zsÌ kf jfpGjv rsh. diaqkm mc²ÀfIf hstb, ªsusb vfJ, slsrv msLA ˆmb ˆj mfQn-dià zfsY pf Hfstf rst nfvf slr Hfstf rsh ˆhQ kf Jfvfi rst nfvf slr Jfvfi rsh. swfb! kf rt r™{dià (z§Àv).« (hc} 52, mc} 1599bQ) nckvfQ mcdmsbv r™lq vmpfb mfsn ˆhQ zbA mfsnW svfpf vfsJ. zfv kfv svfpf rsh kfsj dhL¶QnD dwjG, hfdkt dhw¶fn, sbfQvf dy§Àf-Hfhbf, rDb idvj¬ibf ˆhQ Jfvfi j¬ibfv mk dbjxó …iflfb sKsj Jfdt jsv. mcdmsbv r™lq svfpf vfsJ zrQjfv sKsj. jfvB, dhbqƒ mcdmbsj waÝfv ifÛ jsv ˆhQ kfv n¤ydvÛƒ kfsj iCBG mfbhkfv v™ilfb jsv. i[f§Àsv zrQjfv rt, bAfq, rj W nkA iakAfJAfb jvf ˆhQ mfbcNsj OxBf W zhÎf jvfv bfm. zfv mrfbhD hstb, ªiaskAj lfd©Hj zrQjfvD ufrfâfmhfnD rsh.« (hc} 4918, mc} 2853bQ) mcdmsbv r™lq svfpf vfsJ ohG jvf sKsj. jfvB, ªsp hAdÙÁ msb msb odhGk rq ˆhQ ytsb zrQjfv ialwGb jsv, sn hAdÙÁ pJb zfïfrv nsÌ nf[f{ jvsh kJb dkdb kfv iadk sÛÁfLfd¦hk Kfjshb.« (zf}, hc} zft-zflfhct mcIvfl, rf} 1/60, nuf} 6157bQ) mcdmsbv r™lq svfpf vfsJ zisvv iadk drQnf jvf sKsj. jfvB, ªsjfb hf¦lfv r™lsq „mfb W drQnf ˆjsÛ umf rsk ifsv bf.« (zf} 2/340, bf}, ƒdr}, hf} ðzfhct „mfb, rf}, nuf} 7620bQ) mcdmsbv r™lq svfpf vfsJ jfsvf iadk dhsäN sifNB jvf sKsj. jfvB, ªdhsäN rt mcàbjfvD. kf äDb mcàb (L¶Qn) jsv sIst.« (dk}, hfp}, hf}, ndk} 2038bQ) mcdmsbv r™lq svfpf vfsJ jxiBkf sKsj. jfvB, ªsjfb hf¦lfv r™lsq „mfb W jxiBkf jJbƒ ˆjsÛ umf rsk ifsv bf.« (zf} 2/342, bf}, rf} 2/72, nuf} 7616bQ)


63

mcdmsbv r™lq svfpf vfsJ ifi dy§Àf jvf sKsj ˆhQ iaskAj snƒ idvj¬ibf sKsj, pf „mfsbv iadkjCt. (û} Ifvfvf} 176ix}, kfnfnf} 20-21ix}, zfnf} 19ix})

sssyyyfffsssJJJvvv sssvvvfffpppfff }}} mrfb zfïfrv rfvfmjxk dudbn slJf rsk dhvk sKsj svfpflfsvv syfJ svfpf vfsJ. rfvfm djYc syfsJ iVst sn kfv y[csj zhbk jsv sbq, zw½Dt djYc slJf rsk lxdósj U]cdjsq vfsJ. spmb, sn sbfQvf dIt¹X ˆhQ w½DtkfrDb dedH dndvu ƒkAfdl slJf rsk dhvk Kfsj. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr mcdmb icv¢Nslvsj nsìfLb jsv hstb,

ق ل ل ل م ؤ م ن ي ن ي غ ض و ا م ن أ ب ص ار ه ( م و ي ح ف ظ و ا ف ر و ج ه م ، ذ ل ك أ ز ك ى ل ه م ( zKGf{, mcdmb icv¢Nslvsj ht, kfvf spb kfslv lxdó nQpk jsv ˆhQ dbu dbu spZbfsÌv drIfpk jsv; ˆdeƒ kfslv ubA …Ùm. (jc} 24/30) zfv mcdmb bfvDslvsj nsìfLb jsv dkdb hstb,

و ق ل ل ل م ؤ م ن ات ي غ ض ض ( ن م ن أ ب ص ار ه ن و ي ح ف ظ ن ف ر و ج ه ن ( zKGf{, zfv mcdmb bfvDslvsj ht, kfvf spb kfslv lxdó nQpk jsv ˆhQ dbu dbu spZbfsÌv drIfpk jsv. (jc} 24/31)

jjjfffsssbbbvvv sssvvvfffpppfff }}} svfpflfsvv jfbW svfpf vfsJ; svfpf vfsJ sbfQvf W zw½Dt jKf swfbf sKsj. svfpf vfsJ zShL siam W hAdHyfsvv dlsj zfrhfbjfvD ofb-hfubf swfbf sKsj. svfpf vfsJ zfïfrv rfvfmjxk ˆhQ sp jKf k]fsj sÛÁfLfd¦hk W zn§Âó jsv sn jKf swfbf sKsj. mcdmsbv jfb svfpf vfsJ wqkfsbv ncv swfbf sKsj ˆhQ ƒIkfv jsv vrmfsbv hfBD wahB jsv. zfv dkdb kfv jfb n©isjG sndlb SjdIqk sbshb, spdlb mfbh-lfbhsj ˆjdÛk jvshb. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

) إ ن الس م ع و ال ب ص ر و ال ف ؤ اد ك ل أ ول ئ ك ك ان ع ن ه م س ؤ و ال ( zKGf{, jBG, y[c, r™lq -Wslv iaskAsjv dhNsq SjdIqk kth jvf rsh.« (nCvf hfbD ƒnvf„t 36 zfqfk)

sssiiissseeevvv sssvvvfffpppfff }}} svfpflfsvv sieW svfpf vfsJ; svfpf vfsJ rfvfm JflA äfvf kf idviCBG jvf sKsj. nckvfQ sn rfvfm Jfhfv snrvDsk Jfq bf ˆhQ ƒIkfvDskW bf. sn (hAfQsjv hf zbA sjfb iajfv) nCl Jfq bf. Jfq bf Ocn, ˆkDsmv mft ˆhQ rfvfm …ifsq …ifduGk sjfb zKG. sjbbf, sp hAdÙÁ dbu …lsv rfvfm mft iashw jvfq; zKGf{, kfv JflA W ifbDq rfvfm rq, kfv lczf jhct rq bf. zfv mrfb zfïfr zfmfslvsj zfslw jsv hstb,


ي اأ ي ه ا ال ذ ي ن آم ن و ا ك ل و ا م ن ط ي ب ات م ا ر ز ق ن اك م و اش ك ر و ا هللا ، إ ن ك ن ت م إ ي اه ت ع ب د و ن zKGf{, sr mcdmboB! zfdm skfmfslvsj sp nh v¢uD lfb jsvdY kf sKsj rftft h²Â zfrfv jv ˆhQ zfïfrv jxkÎkf jv; pdl skfmvf sjht k]fvƒ lfnk¶ jsv Kfj kfrst. (nCvf hfj¶fvfr 172 zfqfk)

………HHHqqq rrrfffkkk WWW iiifffsssqqqvvv sssvvvfffpppfff }}} svfpflfsvv …dyk, kfv rfkW spb rfvfm sbWqf, Lvf W ±iwG jvf sKsj svfpf vfsJ. nckvfQ sp mdrtfsj ±iwG jvf kfv ubA rftft bq, kfsj spb ±iwG bf jsv. (Iƒ} 2/120) kfv rfk spb svfpf vfsJ mfbcsNv …iv zkAfyfv jvf sKsj, jf…sj sLfjf slWqf sKsj, jf…sj zbAfqHfsh mfvf sKsj, nCl, Ocn, ycdv, sHuft hf zbA rfvfm jfvhfsvv mfLAsm zKG oarB jvf sKsj. spmb kfv ifW spb svfpf vfsJ. zfv kfv svfpf rsh sp isK sost zfïfr zn§Âó rb sn isK kKf njt iajfv ififyvsBv isK ytf rsk dhvk sKsj. (zÌ-iakAsÌv svfpf iansÌ û} Ifvfvf} 184-186ix}, kfnfnf} 21-29ix}) zfv diaq bhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ svfpf svsJ rfvfm jKf W kfv …iv zfmt kAfo jvsk ifvt bf, sn hAdÙÁv ifbfrfv kAfo jvfv mfsU zfïfrv sjfb iasqfub sbƒ.« (hc} 6057, ƒmf} 1689, zf} 2/452, 505) rfvfm jKfv …iv zfmt jvfv mfsb rt, iaskAj rfvfm jfu jvf. smfe jKf rt, svfpflfsvv …dyk, pfhkDq ififyfv, nm²À vjm rfvfm jKf W jfu sKsj lCsv Kfjf. kshƒ kfv svfpf kfv ubA …ijfvD rsh; bsy{ bf.

nåm zLAfq

sssvvvfffpppfff zzzhhh²²²¿¿ ¿ fffqqq pppfff SSShhhLLL djYc jfu zfsY, pf svfpf zh²¿fq jvf ShL bq hst zsbsjv msb rsk ifsv, zKy kf svfpflfsvv ubA jvf ShL. snƒ Lvsbv djYc jfsuv jKf dbsm´ zfstfybf jvf rs¤Y }-


65

111 ... iiifff dddbbbssskkk bbbfffmmmfff ,,, FFFcc chhh ssslllWWWqqqfff WWW nnn ]] ] fffkkkfffvvv jjjfffeeefff }}} svfpflfsvv ubA ifdbsk bfmf, Fch slWqf W n]fkfv jfef, ˆjfdLj hfv sofnt jvf, ˆdnv rfWqfsk hnf ˆhQ jfiV dHdusq ofsq-mfKfq uVfsbf ShL. spmb diifnf W ovsmv kfVbfq mfKfq ifdb Tftf, hvI hf zfƒndÛÁm yfifsbf slfNfhr bq. (Icdnkfpf} 16ix}, kfƒvf} 46ix}, Iƒ} 2/130, Ifdn} 47ix}, 70} 58bQ) mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, svfpf svsJ bhD -ˆv zidhÛ zh²¿fq Iuv rk. zk}iv dkdb sofnt jvskb. (hc} 1925, mc} 1109bQ) zfhC hfjXv dhb zfècv vrmfb bhD -ˆv djYc nfrfhD sKsj hBGbf jsvb sp, dkdb (nfrfhD) hstb, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -sj slsJdY, dkdb svfpf svsJ diifnf zKhf ovsmv jfvsB dbu mfKfq ifdb sTstsYb. (zf} 3/475, zflf} 2365bQ, mf}) svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq ƒhsb …mfv ˆjde jfiV dHdusq dbsuv slsrv …iv svsJsYb. (ƒzfwf} 9212bQ) zhwA n]fkfv sjse sJtf jvf mjv™r. jfvB, kfsk svfpf bó rsq pfWqfv n©Hfhbf zfsY kfƒ. dj§Â pfv jfuƒ rt FchvDv zKhf iasqfusbv kfjDsl ifdbsk hfvhfv Fch dlsk rq, sn hAdÙÁ sise ifdb si]ZYsbf sKsj nfhLfb Kfjsk ifvst kfv svfpfv sjfb [dk rsh bf. (70} 58bQ)

222 ... dddmmmnnnWWWqqqfffjjj hhhfff lll ]] ] fffkkkbbb jjjvvvfff... l]fkb jvf svfpflfv-zsvfpflfv njstv ubA ˆhQ dlsbv ðv¢ W swN Hfso nh nmqjfv ubA ncâk. ˆ hAfifsv mrfbhD -ˆv dbslGw hAfij; dkdb hstb, ªl]fkb jvfq vsqsY mcsJv idhÛkf ˆhQ iadkiftj zfïfrv n§Âdó. (zf} 6/47, lf}, bf} 5bQ, ƒJc}, hf} 1/34, ƒdr}, hc} (dhbf nbsl), dm} 381, ƒo} 66bQ) diaq bhD hstb, ªzfdm …©mskv ubA jójv bf ufbst kfslvsj iaskAj bfmfspv nmq l]fkb jvsk zfslw dlkfm.« (hc} 887, mc} 252, nczf}) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ª---kfslvsj iaskAj WpCv nmq l]fkb jvsk zfslw dlkfm.« (zf} 2/460, 517, iamcJ)

ƒmfm k¶fhfvfbD …Ùm nbl äfvf hBGbf jsvsYb sp, zfècv vrmfb dhb ÈbXm hstb, zfdm mczfp dhb ufhft -sj duÎfnf jvtfm, `zfdm dj svfpf zh²¿fq l]fkb jvh?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `r]Af.' zfdm httfm, `dlsbv sjfbX Hfso?' dkdb htstb, `njft zKhf dhjfst.' zfdm httfm, `stfsj skf svfpfv dhjfst l]fkb jvfsj ziY¦lbDq msb jsv. kfvf hst, zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªdbÇyqƒ svfpflfsvv mcsJv lcoGá zfïfrv dbje j²ÂvDv nchfn zsi[f zdLjkv ncoámq.« mczfp htstb, `nchrfbfïfr! dkdb kfslvsj l]fkb jvsk zfslw dlsqsYb. zfv sp dudbn dkdb idv°jfv jvsk zfslw dlsqsYb, sn dudbnsj ƒ¤YfjxkHfsh lcoGámq jvf …Ùm rsk ifsv bf. kfsk sjfb iajfsvv mÌt sbƒ; hvQ kfsk zmÌtƒ zfsY.' (û} ƒo} 1/106) dj§Â pdl sjfb l]fksb dhswN öfl Kfsj ˆhQ kf kfv KcKcsj iaHfhfd¦hk jsv, kfrst kfv öfl hf KcKc dost sbWqf …dyk bq. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, Ifdn} mcndbl 39ix}) iv§Â snƒ


l]fkb jvf sKsj lCsv Kfjf …dyk, pfv ûhBwDt …iflfb (W vn) zfsY. spmb j]fyf (ofsYv Ffstv hf dwjsVv) l]fkb. klbcv™i snƒ l]fkb, pfsk kfv dbuö öfl YfVf dHâ öfl; spmb sthc hf iclDbf (siifvsm¦eX, smbKt) ƒkAfdlv öfl zdkdvÙÁ jvf rsqsY ˆhQ pf mcsJv dHksv dosq ûhDHCk rsq mcJor¶sv YdVsq isV. zfv ƒ¤Yf jsv kf dost sItf ShL bq. ksh pdl zdb¤Yfjxk jfsvf dotf pfq, kfrst kfsk sjfb [dk rq bf. (70} 54bQ) i[f§Àsv svfpfv dlsb l]fskv mfub (ecK sióX hf ifWFfv) hAhrfv bf jvfƒ …Ùm. hvQ kf vfsÛ ˆhQ Iusvv zfso hAhrfv jvf …dyk. jfvB, mfusbv ˆmb iadkdÛÁqf W nÑfv [mkf zfsY, pfv Ist kf otf W ifj²¿tDsk sbsm pfWqfv zfwËf Kfsj. zbcv™i zfwËfv Istƒ mrfbhD tfjDk¶ dhb nfhvfrsj hstdYstb, ª(WpC jvfv nmq) kcdm bfsj Jch zdkvdÓkHfsh ifdb sesb dbW. dj§Â skfmfv svfpf Kfjst bq.« (zf} 4/33, zflf} 142, dk}, bf}, nƒmf} 328bQ) htf hfùtA, svfpflfsvv ubA mfub hAhrfv bf jvfƒ …Ùm. zfv ˆ hAfifsv nQjDBGkf sbƒ. jfvB, sn ƒIkfv jsv sbWqf ipG§À nmq zsi[f jsv pdl kf hAhrfv jsv, kfrst sn ˆmb ˆj dudbn sKsj lCsv Kfjsk ifvsh, pfv äfvf kfv svfpf bó rsq pfWqfv zfwËf vsqsY. (mcm} 6/407, 432, 48} 63ix}) i[f§Àsv sbwflfv W slsr zhnâ zfbqbjfvD mfub; spmb, Èt-Èvfjc iaHxdk; pf hAhrfsvv Ist mfKf sOfsv zKhf hAhrfvjfvD ÎfbwCbA rsq pfq, kf hAhrfv jvf ShL bq; bf svfpf zh²¿fq ˆhQ bf zbA nmq. jfvB, kf mrfbhD -ˆv ˆƒ hfBDv zfWkfHcÙÁ rsk ifsv, pfsk dkdb hstb, ªiaskAj mfljkf zfbqbjfvD ûhA rfvfm.« (hc}, mc}, nczf}, nuf} 4550bQ) ÎfkhA sp, l]fskv mfdVsk [k Kfjfv Ist zKhf l]fkb jvsk dosq vÙÁ shv rst kf dost sItf ShL bq; hvQ kf shv jsv sItf uv¢vD. zhwA pdl kf dbsuv ƒ¤Yf W ˆJdkqfv YfVfƒ otfq sbsm pfq, kfrst kfsk sjfb [dk rsh bf. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, Ifdn} 39ix}, 70} 53bQ)

333 ... nnncc cvvvmmmfff tttfffooofffsssbbbfff ˆhhhQQQ sssyyyfffsssJJJ WWW jjjfffsssbbb WWWNNNcc cLLL hhhAAAhhhrrrfffvvv }}} svfpf zh²¿fq ncvmf tfofsbf ˆhQ syfsJ W jfsb WNcL hAhrfv ShL. dj§Â hAhrfv jvfv iv pdl otfq ncvmf hf WNcsLv öfl zbcHCk rq, kfrst (djYc …tfmfv dbje svfpf sHsÌ pfsh ˆhQ sn svfpf) jfpf svsJ sbWqfƒ rt iChGnkjGkfmCtj jmG. (ƒhsb hfp, Ifmckfdn} 28ix}) jfvB, syfJ W jfb JflA W ifbDq sise pfWqfv iK bq ˆhQ ncvmf hf WNcL tfofsbfsj JfWqf hf ifb jvfW htf pfq bf; bf nfLfvB iaydtk jKfq ˆhQ bf-ƒ wvqD idvHfNfq. zhwA svfpflfv pdl syfsJ hf jfsb WNcL dlsb hAhrfv bf jsv vfsk jsv, kfrst snefƒ rsh iChGnfhLfbkfmCtj jmG. (mcm} 6/382, n†lD ²¿fqD …tfmf jdmde, Ifdn} mcndbl 44ix}, Iƒ} 2/129) rpvk zfbfn svfpf Kfjf zh²¿fq ncvmf hAhrfv jvskb. (nzflf} 2082bQ)


67

i[f§Àsv svfpf Kfjf zh²¿fq bfsj WNcL hAhrfv ShL bq. jfvB, bfsjv mfLAsm ifbfrfv sise si]ZsY Kfsj. zfv ˆ ubAƒ mrfbhD hstsYb, ª(WpC jvfv nmq) kcdm bfsj Jch zdkvdÓkHfsh ifdb sesb dbW. dj§Â skfmfv svfpf Kfjst bq.« (zf} 4/33, zflf} 142, dk}, bf}, nƒmf} 328bQ) htf hfùtA …ÙÁ rflDn ˆhQ zbcv™i zsKGv zbAfbA rflDsnv dHdÙskƒ bfsj WNcL hAhrfv jvfv iv pdl otfsk kfv öfl zbcHCk rq, kfrst svfpf bó rsq pfsh ˆhQ sn svfpf jfpf jvsk rsh. (ƒhsb hfp, Ifmckfdn} 28ix})

444 ... iiifffqqqJJJfffbbbfff---äääfffsssvvv WWWNNNcc cLLL hhhAAAhhhrrrfffvvv }}} svfpflfsvv u¶v rst kfv ubA ifqJfbf-äfsv WNcL (nfsifduedv) vfJf pfq. klbcv™i u¶v mfif hf zbA sjfb ivD[fv ubA mt-äfsv sjfb p§Ã hAhrfv jvf slfNfhr hf svfpfv is[ [dkjv bq. jfvB, ˆ jfusj JfWqf hf ifb jvf djYcƒ htf rq bf. (ˆhQ ifqJfbf-äfv ifbfrfsvv iKW bq.) (mcm} 6/381)

555 ... sssiiissseee (((ˆsssàààfffnnnjjjdddiii sssmmmdddwwwbbb))) bbbttt nnnÑÑÑffftttbbb }}} sisev dHkv sjfb ivD[fv ubA (ˆsàfnjdi smdwb) bt hf ±emfj de…h nÑftb jvfv Ist svfpfv sjfb [dk rq bf. ksh rA]f, pdl ifƒsiv nfsK sjfb (SktfÙÁ) ilfKG Kfsj ˆhQ kf kfv nfsK sise dosq si]ZsY, kfrst kfsk svfpf bó rsq pfsh. zkˆh ˆjf§À iasqfub YfVf ˆ jfu Ivp hf Wqfsuh svfpfq jvf ShL bq. (mcm} 6/383-384)

666 ... hhhfff dddrrrAAAjjj wwwvvvDDDsssvvv ssskkkttt,,, mmmtttmmm,,, iiifffWWWFFFfffvvv hhhfff dddÛÛÛÁÁÁmmm hhhAAAhhhrrrfffvvv }}} hfdrAj wvDsvv yfmVfq ifWFfv hf mtm hAhrfv jvf svfpflfsvv ubA ShL. jfvB, kf sise si]ZsY bf. klbcv™i iasqfusb k¶jsj bvm vfJfv ubA sjfb skt, HAfndtb hf dÛÁm hAhrfv jvfW svfpf zh²¿fq zShL bq. jfvB, ˆ nh djYc sjht yfmVfv hfdrsvv zQw bvm jsv Kfsj ˆhQ wvDsvv dHksv iashw jsv bf. iv§Â pdlW stfmjCsi kf iashw rWqfv jKf Lsvƒ sbWqf pfq, khcW kfsk svfpf bó rsh bf. (ƒhsb duhvDb, Iƒ} 2/127, Ifdn} mcndbl 41ix}) klbcv™i svfpf zh²¿fq mdrtfslv ubA rfsk smsr¦lD, ifsq zftkf zKhf ycst (jfstf YfVf zbA vsMv) jtI hAhrfv ShL. ˆ nsh svfpf hf svfpflfsvv …iv sjfb (m¦l) iaHfh sIst bf. (Ifdn} mcndbl 45ix}, Iƒ} 2/127)

777 ... öööfffmmmDDD---²²²ÃÃ Ã DDDvvv zzzfffsssiiifffsssNNNvvv yyy cc cìììbbb WWW sssiiiaa ammmsssjjjdddttt }}} sp svfpflfv öfmD-²ÃD dmtsb SLpG vfJsk ifsv; zKGf{ nÌm hf hDpGifk Ose pfWqfv zfwËf bf jsv, kfslv ubA zfsifsn ycìb W siamsjdt hf sjftfjcdt jvf ShL ˆhQ kf kfslv ubA mjv™r bq. jfvB, mrfbhD svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq ²ÃD-ycìb jvskb ˆhQ svfpf zh²¿fq siamsjdtW jvskb. zfv dkdb dYstb spZb hAfifsv hV nQpmD. (hc}


1927, mc} 1106, zflf} 2382, dk} 729, ƒzfwf} 9392bQ) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY sp, zfïfrv vnCt ²ÃD-ycìb jvskb vmpfsb svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq; (mc} 1106bQ) svfpfv mfsn. (zflf} 2383, ƒzfwf} 9390bQ) zfv ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt zfmfsj ycìb dlskb. zfv sn nmq zfmvf …Hsq svfpf zh²¿fq Kfjkfm.' (zflf} 2384, ƒzfwf} 9397bQ) rpvk …s©m nftfmfr (vf}) hstb, dkdb k]fv nfsKW zbcv™i jvskb. (mc} 1108bQ) zfv kû™i hstb rpvk rfInf (vf})W. (mc} 1107bQ) rpvk …mfv hstb, ˆjlf ²ÃDsj JcwD jvsk dosq svfpf zh²¿fq zfdm kfsj ycìb dlsq sIttfm. zk}iv bhD -ˆv dbje …id²¿k rsq httfm, `zfu zfdm ˆjde dhvfe Hct jsv sIstdY; svfpf zh²¿fq ²ÃD-ycìb jsv sIstdY.' zfïfrv vnCt htstb, ªpdl svfpf svsJ ifdb äfvf jcdï jvsk, kfrst kfsk skfmfv zdHmk dj?« zfdm httfm, `kfsk sjfb [dk sbƒ.' mrfbhD htstb, ªkfrst Hct djsnv?« (zf} 1/21, 52, nzflf} 2089, lf} 1675, ƒzfwf} 9406bQ) i[f§Àsv svfpflfv pdl zfwËf jsv sp, siamsjdt hf ycìsbv Ist kfv hDpGifk Ose spsk ifsv zKhf (öfmD-²ÃD) …Hsqv …sÙubfv Ist nrnfq dmtb Ose spsk ifsv, jfvB sn nmq sn rqskf kfslv …loa jfm-tftnfsj nQpk jvsk ifvsh bf, kfrst sn jfu kfslv ubA rfvfm. zfv kf rfvfm ˆƒ ubA sp, pfsk ifsiv dYûiK há Kfsj ˆhQ kfslv svfpf bó rWqf sKsj v[f ifq. ˆ s[sÛ hxÝ W pchsjv mfsU sjfb ifKGjA sbƒ; pdl …Hsqv jfmwdÙÁ ˆj ipGfsqv rq. nckvfQ slJfv dhNq rt, jfm …sÙubf nxdó ˆhQ hDpG±Jtsbv zfwËf. zkˆh sn jfu pdl pchj hf jfmwdÙÁn©iâ hxsÝv …sÙubf nxdó jsv, kfrst kf …Hsqv ubA mjv™r. zfv pdl kf bf jsv kfrst kf hxÝ, spZb-lchGt ˆhQ nQpmD pchsjv ubA mjv™r bq. i[f§Àsv …Hsqv mfsU ifKGjA jvfv hAfifsv sp rflDn hdBGk rsqsY (nzflf} 2090bQ) kf zfnst jfmwdÙÁ shwD Kfjf W bf Kfjfv jfvsB. spsrkc nfLfvBk} hxÝ spZb hAfifsv wf§À rsq Kfsj. i[f§Àsv pchj kfv dhivDk. ItjKf, njt swaBDv l©idkv ubA …Ùm rt svfpf svsJ siamsjdt, sjftfjcdt W ycìb dhdbmq iaHxdk spZbfyfsvv HCdmjf idvrfv jvf. jfvB, sp ov¢ nhcu Int-udmv zfswifsw ysv, zfwËf Kfsj sp, sn djYc isv Int sJsk ðv¢ jsv slsh. nckvfQ öfmD pdl ƒIkfv jvf zhdL SLpG LfvB jsv, kfrst snefƒ rt nshGfÙm. zfv vfdÛ skf zdk dbjse ˆhQ kfskf psKó tìf. ztX-rfmlc dtïfr. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªsvfpfv vfsk skfmfslv ubA ²ÃD-ns©Hfo rftft jvf rsqsY.« (jc} 2/187) ycìsbv s[sÛ ycìb ofst srfj zKhf sE]fse …Hq zh²¿fƒ nmfb. klbcv™i nÌsmv njt iajfv HCdmjf W wxÌfvfyfv; njfm ±iwG, ONGB, lQwb, mlGb, iayfib, zfdtÌb iaHxdkv mfbW ycìsbv mkƒ. ˆ nshv mfsU sjfb ifKGjA sbƒ. zfv ˆ nh jvsk dosq pdl jfsvf mpD (hf …sÙubfv nmq zfEfstf kvt ifdb) db}nxk rq, kfrst kfsk


69

svfpfv sjfb [dk rq bf. (mcm} 6/390, 432-433, Ifdn} 48ix}, kfdn} 43-44ix}) ÎfkhA sp, duH syfNfv Ist ˆsj zsbAv dur¶fvn dost sItst svfpf sHsÌ pfsh. spmb ²Àbhx§À syfNsBv Ist mcsJ lcÊ ˆsn otfq sbsm sostW svfpf sHsÌ pfsh. ²ÃDv slrfsÌv sp sjfb zQw slJf svfpflfv öfmDv ubAW ShL. zhwA ˆjhfv slJfv Istƒ yvm …sÙduk rsq jfsvf mpD hf hDpGifk Oest sjfb [dk rsh bf. (hc} 1927bQ û}) jfvB, zShL buvhfuDv hAfifsv mrfbhD hstb, ªiaKm lxdó skfmfv ubA ShL. dj§Â däkDq lxdó ShL bq.« (zflf} 2149, dk} 2778, nzflf} 1881bQ) kfYfVf û¢kikboa²À ˆmb lchGt öfmDv ˆmb Wpv oarBspfoA. i[f§Àsv sj… hfvhfv slJfv Ist mpD dboGk jvst svfpfv sjfb [dk rq bf. dj§Â hfvhfv slJfv Ist hDpGifk jsv sItst svfpf bó rsq pfsh. zhwA ²ÃD-slr dbsq j¬ibf jvfv Ist jfsvf mpD hf hDpGifk rst svfpf bó rq bf. spsrkc mrfbhD -ˆv hAfij dbslGw ˆ jKfv iadk ƒdÌk jsv. dkdb hstb, ªdbÇyq zfïfr zfmfv …©mskv msbv j¬ibf …si[f jsvb, pk[B sj… kf jfsu idvBk zKhf jKfq iajfw bf jsv.« (hc} 2528, mc} 127, û} mcm} 6/390-391)

888 ... ssslllsssrrrvvv lll CC C dddNNNkkk vvvÙÙÙÁÁÁ hhhdddrrr°°°jjjvvvBBB }}} svfpf zh²¿fq sjfb p§Ã äfvf zKhf p§Ã YfVfƒ, if sKsj zKhf mfKfv sjfb dwvf sKsj, mcsJ jsv ycsN zKhf sp sjfb iajfsv slr sKsj lCdNk vÙÁ shv jvst svfpf bó rsh dj bf, sn dbsq …tfmfslv mfsU mksHl vsqsY. spsrkc mrfbhD jkGxj …Hq swaBDv hBGbf mucl vsqsY. dkdb hstb, ªslr sKsj lCdNk vÙÁ sp shv jsv kfv ˆhQ pfv shv jvf rq kfvW svfpf bó rsq pfq.« (zf}, zflf} 2367, ƒmf} 1680, lf} 1681-1682, ƒJc} 1962-1963bQ, ƒdr}, rf} 1/427, hf} 4/265, iamcJ) ˆ jKfW hdBGk zfsY sp, dkdb svfpf zh²¿fq dbu slr sKsj lCdNk vÙÁ shv jsvsYb. (hc} 1938-1939, zflf} 2372, dk}, ƒzfwf}, hf} 4/263) zfv dkdb hstsYb, ªsp (zdb¤Yfjxk) hdm jsv, pfv öi´slfN rq ˆhQ sp slr sKsj lCdNk vÙÁ shv jsv, kfv svfpf bó rq bf.« (zflf}, nuf} 7742bQ) iv±iv dhsvfLD …ÙÁ njt hBGbf slsJ djYc …tfmf msb jsvb sp, slr sKsj lCdNk vÙÁ shv jvst svfpf bó rsq pfWqfv rflDn zfuW bfsnJ (jfpGjv) ˆhQ ˆv dhsvfLD njt rflDn mbnCJ (vdrk). i[f§Àsv zbAfbA djYc nkA-náfbD oshNj …tfmf msb jsvb sp, hvQ iaKm rflDnefƒ mbnCJ. slr sKsj lCdNk vÙÁ shv jvst svfpf bó rsq pfWqfv rflDn sp mbnCJ (vdrk) sn hAfifsv nf[A hrb jsv rpvk zfbfn -ˆv rflDn. dkdb hstb, `ðv¢ ðv¢ svfpflfsvv ubA slr sKsj lCdNk vÙÁ shv jvf mjv™r dYt. ˆjlf uf'Iv dhb zfhD kfsth svfpf zh²¿fq slr sKsj lCdNk vÙÁ shv jvstb. kf slsJ dkdb htstb, ªˆslv …Hsqv svfpf bó.« zk}iv ivhkGDjfst dkdb svfpflfsvv ubA slr sKsj lCdNk vÙÁ shv jvfv zbcmdk dlstb.' zfv öqQ rpvk zfbfn svfpf zh²¿fq slr


sKsj lCdNk vÙÁ shv jvskb. (lfvf} 239bQ, hf} 4/268) ˆjlf k]fsj iaw jvf rt, `zfibfvf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv pcso dj svfpf zh²¿fq slr sKsj lCdNk vÙÁ shv jvfsj mjv™r msb jvskb?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `bf. zhwA lchGt rsq iVfv zfwËf jvst mjv™r msb jvf rk.' (hc} 1940bQ) klbcv™i zfhC nf„l JclvD hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt svfpflfvsj ²ÃD-ycìb W slr sKsj lCdNk vÙÁ shv jvfv hAfifsv zbcmdk dlsqsYb.' (k¶fh}, lfvf}, ƒo} 4/74) ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, `(sisev dHksv) djYc iashw jvst svfpf HfsÌ, djYc hfdrv rst bq.' (ƒzfwf} 9319bQ, ƒo} 4/75) …isvfÙÁ djYc hBGbfq `zbcmdk' slWqfv zKGƒ rt sp, iaKsm sn jfu zShL dYt ˆhQ isv kf ShL sOfNBf jvf rsqsY. zkˆh ndEj mk ˆƒ sp, slr sKsj lCdNk vÙÁ shv jvst jfsvf svfpf bó rsh bf; sp shv jvfsh kfv ˆhQ sp shv jsv slsh kfvW bq. (û} mcrfïf 6/204-205, ƒo} 4/74) htf hfùtA, pdlW ndEj mk ˆƒ sp, svfpf zh²¿fq slr sKsj lCdNk vÙÁ shv jvst svfpf bó rsh bf, khcW …Ùm W iChGnkjGkfmCtj zfmt ˆƒ sp, svfpflfv kf huGb jvsh. ˆv Ist sn mksHslv shVfuft sKsj db°jxdk ifsh, Jcb shv jvfv iv sn Sldrj lchGtkfv dwjfv rsh bf ˆhQ sp hAdÙÁ mcsJ sesb Jcb shv jsv sn hAdÙÁv otfq djYc vÙÁ yst dosq kfvW svfpf bó bf rsq pfq. zhwA ˆjf§À kf jvfv lvjfv rst dlsb bf jsv vfsÛ jvsh. zfv snefƒ rsh …Hsqv ubA …Ùm. (û} zfnfƒ} 136ix}, 70} 56bQ)

999 ... bbbfffjjj zzzKKKhhhfff sssjjjfffbbb jjjfffeeefff---IIIfffeeefff sssKKKsssjjj vvvÙÙÙÁÁÁ ssshhhvvv rrrWWWqqqfff }}} slsrv sjfb jfef-Ifef zÌ sKsj vÙÁ iVst svfpf bó rq bf. hvQ kf slr sKsj lCdNk vÙÁ shv jvfv mkƒ. zbcv™i bfj sKsj vÙÁ iVstW svfpf bó bq. jfvB, kfsk mfbcsNv sjfb ˆJdkqfv Kfsj bf. zfv ƒ¤Yf jsv shv jvst kfW slr sKsj lCdNk vÙÁ shv jvfv mk. (û} zfnf} 136-138ix}) klbcv™i mfKfq hf slsrv zbA sjfb ufqofq ifKv hf zbA djYcv zfOfk stso vÙÁ Uvst svfpf bó rq bf. (mh} 30/126)

111 000 ... vvvÙÙÙÁÁÁlllfffbbb jjjvvvfff }}} ivD[fv ubA djYc vÙÁ slWqf svfpflfsvv ubA ShL. ˆsk kfv svfpfv sjfb [dk rq bf. (dvmcpfdn} 24ix}, Ifdn} mcndbl 53ix}, Ifmckfdn} 34ix}) klbcv™i sjfb svfoDv iafB h]fyfsbfv …sÜswA vÙÁlfb jvfW ShL ˆhQ kf slr sKsj lCdNk vÙÁ shv jvfv mkƒ. ˆskW svfpfv sjfb [dk rq bf. (û} zfnfƒ} 138ix})

111 111 ... lll ]] ] fffkkk ssskkkffftttfff }}} svfpflfsvv ubA l]fk (s±efb ƒkAfdl sKsj) idv°jfv jvf, FfÙÁfvD HvB (ƒbstƒ) hAhrfv jvf ˆhQ p§ÃBfq l]fk kcst sItf ShL. ksh ˆ nh s[sÛ kfsj ˆjf§À nfhLfbkf zhtìb jvf …dyk, pfsk sjfb iajfv WNcL hf vÙÁ dotf bf pfq. (ƒhsb hfp,


71

Ifmckfdn} 29ix})

111 222 ... dddjjjFFFXX XbbbDDD (((hhh xx xÄÄÄ hhhfff mmm CC CÛÛÛoooaa a ddd§§§¿¿ ¿ ))) zzzyyyttt zzzhhh²²²¿¿ ¿ fffqqq ssslllsssrrrvvv vvvÙÙÙÁÁÁ ssswwwfffLLLbbb }}} svfpflfsvv djFXbD zyt rst svfpf zh²¿fq iasqfusb slsrv vÙÁ idv°jfv W swfLb (Dialysis) jvf ShL. idvðÝ jvfv iv icbvfq slsr dIdvsq dlsk pdlW vÙÁ slr sKsj shv rq, khcW kfsk svfpfv sjfb [dk rsh bf. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, 70} 42bQ)

111 333 ... zzzfffrrrfffsssvvvvvv jjjfffuuu ssslllqqq bbbfff ˆmmmbbb (((WWWNNNcc cLLL))) ƒƒƒsssÓÓÓjjjwwwbbb hhhAAAhhhrrrfffvvv jjjvvvfff }}} svfpflfsvv ubA dydj{nfv s[sÛ snƒ ƒsÓjwb hAhrfv jvf ShL, pf ifbfrfsvv jfu jsv bf. spmb, sidbdndtb hf ƒbXncdtb ƒsÓjwb zKhf zAfd¦ehfsqfdej hf edbj djQhf dHefdmb ƒsÓjwb zKhf HAfjXdnb ƒsÓjwb iaHxdk rfsk, sjfmsv hf zbA ufqofq, slsrv siwD zKhf dwvfq hAhrfv jvst svfpfv [dk rq bf. khcW dbkf§À uv¢vD bf rst kf dlsb hAhrfv bf jsv vfsÛ hAhrfv jvfƒ …Ùm W iChGnfhLfbkfmCtj jmG. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, ªsp dhNsq ns¦lr zfsY sn dhNq huGb jsv kfƒ jv pfsk ns¦lr sbƒ.« (zf}, dk} 2518, bf}, ƒdr}, k¶fh} iamcJ, ƒo} 2074, nuf} 3377, 3378bQ) ªnckvfQ sp nd¦lrfb dhNqfhtD sKsj lCsv Kfjsh, sn kfv äDb W ƒÏksj h]fdysq sbsh.« (zf} 4/269, 270, hc} 52, mc} 1599bQ, zflf}, dk}, ƒmf}, lf}) (û} dvmcpfdn} 24ix}, 70} 42bQ)

111 444 ... [[[kkk²²²¿¿ ¿ fff sssbbb WWWNNN cc c LLL hhhAAAhhhrrrfffvvv }}} svfpflfsvv ubA dbu slsrv [k²¿fsb WNcL dlsq hAfsàu ƒkAfdl jvf lCNBDq bq. kfsk sn [k oHDv srfj zKhf zoHDv. jfvB, ˆ jfusj bf djYc JfWqf htf pfsh, zfv bf ifb jvf. kf YfVf [k²¿fb öfHfdhj ifbfrfsvv iK bq. (zfnfƒ} 140ix})

111 555 ... mmmfffKKKfff ƒƒƒkkkAAA fff dddlll sssbbbVVVfff jjjvvvfff }}} svfpflfsvv ubA dbu mfKfv yct hf bfdHv dbsyv stfm ƒkAfdl y]fYf ShL. kfsk pdl sjfb ²¿fb sjse vÙÁ iVstW svfpfv sjfb [dk rq bf. i[f§Àsv lfdV y]fYf nh nmqjfv ubA rfvfm; svfpf zh²¿fq zKhf zbA sjfb zh²¿fq. (mh} 19/165)

111 666 ... jjjcc c dddïïï jjjvvvfff WWW bbbfffsssjjj iiifff dddbbb sssbbbWWWqqqfff }}} svfpflfsvv sE]fe ðdjsq sost ifdb äfvf dHdusq sbWqf ˆhQ mcJ hf duH ðdjsq sost jcdï jvf ShL. zhwA oVoVf jvf ShL bq. zfv ˆ s[sÛ mcJ sKsj ifdb shv jsv slWqfv iv dHksv ifdbv sp zfûGkf hf öfl sKsj pfsh, kfsk svfpfv sjfb [dk rsh bf. sjbbf, kf sKsj h]fyf n©Hh bq. (ƒzfƒ} 24ix}, 70} 53bQ) zdk iasqfusb oVoVfv WNcL hAhrfv jvf ShL. ksh wkG rt, spb sjfb iajfsv ifdb hf WNcL otfv dbsy sbsm bf pfq. (bsy{, kfsk svfpf bó rsq pfsh.) kfƒ iChGnkjGkfmCtj zfmt rt, kf dlsb hAhrfv bf jsv vfsk jvf. (Ifdn} duvfƒnD 21ix}) bfsj ifdb sesb dbsq bfj UfVfW svfpflfsvv ubA ShL. zhwA kfsk zdkvÓb jvf


pfsh bf. jfvB, kfsk otfv dbsy ifdb sbsm pfWqfv zfwËf Kfsj. mrfbhD hstb, ª(WpC jvfv nmq) kcdm bfsj Jch zdkvdÓkHfsh ifdb sesb dbW. dj§Â skfmfv svfpf Kfjst bq.« (zf} 4/33, zflf} 142, ndk} 631, nbf} 85, ƒmf} 407bQ) zhwA WpC ƒkAfdl jvfv nmq jcdï jvsk dosq hf bfdj ifdb dbsk dosq nfhLfbkf nsÙ¶W pdl zdb¤YfjxkHfsh otfv dbsy yst pfq, kfrst kfsk svfpf HfÌsh bf. sjbbf,

kf ƒ¤Yf jsv dotf rq bf. zfv mrfb zfïfr hstb, ) كمبقلو تمدعما ت لكنو ( zKGf{, (sjfb hAfifsv skfmvf Hct jvst skfmfslv sjfb zivfL sbƒ;) dj§Â ƒ¤Yfjxk jvst zivfL zfsY. (jc} 33/5) (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, Ifdn} mcndbl 38ix})

111 777 ... nnncc cooodddááávvv nnncc cOOO aa a fffBBB sssbbbWWWqqqfff }}} svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq zfkv hf zbA iajfv ncodá hAhrfv jvf ˆhQ nhGiajfv ncOafB bfsj sbWqf svfpflfsvv ubA ShL. ksh L]cqf ufkDq ncodá (spmb zfovhfdk, y¦lb-L]cqf iaHxdk) ƒ¤Yfjxk bfsj sbWqf ShL bq. jfvB, ˆƒ swaBDv ncodáv Obk¶ zfsY; pf ifj²¿dtsk dosq si]ZsY. (û} Iƒ} 2/128, Ifdn} mcndbl 43ix}, kfƒvf} 47ix}) htf hfùtA, vfâfwfstv sp L]cqf zdb¤Yf nsÙ¶W bfsj ˆsn iashw jsv, kfsk svfpfv sjfb [dk rsh bf. jfvB, kf sKsj h]fyfv …ifq sbƒ. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, mfIf} 1/508) iajfw Kfsj sp bdnA hAhrfv jvst svfpf bó rsq pfsh. jfvB, kfvW Obk¶ zfsY ˆhQ kfv È]Vf sisev dHksv si]ZsY Kfsj. kf YfVf kf mfljûshAv swaBDHcÙÁ rst hAhrfv jvf sp sjfb nmsq ˆmdbskƒ rfvfm.

111 888 ... bbbfffsssjjj hhhfff mmm cc c sssJJJ sss±±±iiiaa a hhhAAAhhhrrrfffvvv }}} s±ia lcƒ iajfv; iaKm iajfv rt jAfinct s±ia ifWFfv ufkDq. pf di²Àstv mk sjfb ifsÛ svsJ icw jsv s±ia jvf rq ˆhQ LCstfv mk …sV dosq otfq si]ZYst svfoD kf dotsk Kfsj. ˆƒ iajfv s±iask svfpf bó rsq pfsh. svfpflfvsj pdl ˆmb s±ia hYsvv nh mfsn ˆhQ dlsbW hAhrfv jvskƒ rq, kfrst kfsj ˆmb svfoD oBA jvf rsh, pfv svfo nfvfv sjfb zfwf sbƒ. nckvfQ sn svfpf bf svsJ iaskAj dlsbv dhdbmsq ˆjde jsv dmnjDb Jfƒsq slsh. däkDq iajfv s±ia rt hf®i ufkDq. ˆƒ iajfv s±iask svfpf HfÌsh bf. sjbbf, kf ifj²¿tDsk si]ZsY bf. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, jAfsne} zfrjfmcb dmbfn dnqfm) jfvB, kf rt ˆj iajfv jmsianXFX oAfn; pfv dFêfq sianfv iVst …sV dosq (db}w¶fsnv hfkfsnv nfsK) IcnIcsn si]ZsY ˆhQ w¶fnjó lCv jsv. ˆmb oAfn sjfb iajfv JflA bq. zfv vmpfb zvmpfb ˆhQ dlsb vfsk nh nmsq (dhswN jsv w¶fnsvfL hf w¶fnjó ufkDq spmb r]fIfdbv svfoD) ˆv mcJfsi[D Kfsj. (ƒhsb hfp, Ifmckfdn} 36ix}, 48} 62ix}, 70} 42bQ) zbcv™iHfsh mcsJv lcoGá lCvDjvsBv …sÜswA hAhrfpG s±ia svfpflfsvv ubA hAhrfv jvf slfNfhr bq. ksh wkG rt, sn s±ia idhÛ W rftft rsk rsh. (mh} 30/112)


73

pppfff sssKKKsssjjj hhh]] ] fffyyyfff lllcc c}}}nnnfffLLLAAA kkkfffssskkk sssvvvfffpppfff bbbóóó bbbqqq

111 ... KKK cc cKKK cc c WWW ooosssqqqvvv }}} KcKc W osqv sKsj h]fyf lc}nfLA. jfvB, kf mcsJ hf otfv sofVfq umf rsq dbsy ˆmdbskƒ yst pfq. zkˆh ˆsk svfpf bó rsh bf ˆhQ hfvhfv KcKc sItfvW lvjfv rsh bf. zhwA sp jI, osqv, J]fjfv hf sw½®mf shwD smfef ˆhQ pf jJsbf mfbcsNv hcj (w¶fnp§Ã) sKsj, zfhfv jJsbf mfKf (Sinuses) sKsj shv rsq zfsn, kf otf sUsV shv jsv hfƒsv sItf Wqfsuh ˆhQ kf dost sItf ShL bq. spsrkc kf OxdBk; n©Hhk} kfsk wvDv sKsj shdvsq zfnf sjfb svfouDhfBcW Kfjsk ifsv. nckvfQ kf dost sItfsk öfs²¿Av [dkW rsk ifsv. ksh pdl sj… sItsk bf sisv dostƒ sIst, kfrst kfsk svfpf bó rsh bf. i[f§Àsv mcsJv dHkvjfv öfHfdhj tftf dotfsk sjfb [dk sbƒ. svfpfskW sjfb iaHfh isV bf. (mcm} 6/428-429, Iƒ} 2/125, Ifdn} 38ix}) ˆƒ tftf shv jsv sItf uv¢vD bq; ˆmbdj Iusvv zfpfsbv nfmfbA iCshG ifdb ifb jvfv isvW bq. jfvB, zfmfslv ufbf msk nfrfhfhoG jkGxj ˆmb sjfb dbslGw hdBGk rq db, pfsk hcUf pfq sp, svfpflfv Iuv …lq (snrvDv nmq swN) rWqfv ˆjec iCshG ifdb ifb jvst kk[B ipG§À KcKc sItsk rsh, pk[B ipG§À duh sKsj ifdbv öfl lCvDHCk bf rsqsY. hvQ ˆkecjc zhwAƒ [mfrG. ksh rA]f, pdl sjfb Jfhfsvv öfl; spmb sJucv, yf hf zbcv™i sjfb dmdó ufkDq Jfhfsvv dmókf dush zhdwó sKsj pfq, kfrst kf zhwAƒ KcKc sItfv nfsK (hf ifdb äfvf jcdï jsv) lCv jvf uv¢vD ˆhQ snrvDv nmq swN rsq sosY ufbfv iv kf dotf ShL bq. l]fsk stso Kfjf sofñX hf zbA sjfb Jfhfv Iuv …lq rWqfv isv zdb¤YfjxkHfsh dost sItst, zKhf kf zdk nfmfbA rWqfv Ist mcsJ hcUsk ifvf ˆhQ shv jsv sItf n©Hh bf rst kf mcsJv öfHfdhj tftfv mkƒ. kfsk svfpfv sjfb [dk rsh bf. dj§Â shwD rst ˆhQ kf shv jsv sItf n©Hh rst, shv jsv dlst zfv sjfb [dk rsh bf. iv§Â kf ƒ¤YfjxkHfsh dost sItst svfpf bó rsq pfsh. (70} 53bQ)

222 ... vvvfff²²²ÀÀ À fffvvv LLL CC Ctttfff }}} vf²Àfv LCtf svfpflfsvv db}w¶fsnv nfsK sise sost svfpfv sjfb [dk rq bf. klbcv™i sp hAdÙÁ zfefyfdjsk jfu jsv zKhf kfv jfsY pfq sn hAdÙÁv sise zfefv È]sVf sostW svfpfv sjfb [dk rsh bf. (zfnfƒ} 145-146ix}) jfvB, ˆ nh sKsj h]fyfv …ifq sbƒ. zhwA mcsJ mcsJfw hAhrfv jsv hf jfiV sh]sL jfu jvfƒ …Ùm.

sssvvvfffpppfff zzzhhh²²²¿¿ ¿ fffqqq pppfff jjjvvvfff yyysssttt


ˆmb djYc jfu zfsY pf zfifklxdósk svfpflfsvv ubA jvf zShL msb rstW zfnst kf ShL. snv™i djYc jfu dbm´v™i }-

111 ... ttthhhBBB hhhfff dddmmmdddóóó yyyfffJJJfff }}} vfâf jvsk jvsk iasqfusb Jfhfsvv thB hf dmdó ndEj rsqsY dj bf kf sysJ slJf svfpflfsvv ubA ShL. klbcv™i sjfb djYc sjbfv nmq sysJ ivD[f jvfv lvjfv rst kf jvsk ifsv. ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, `sjfb JflA, dnjGf ˆhQ sjfb djYc djbsk rst kf sysJ slJfsk sjfb slfN sbƒ.' (û} hc} 380ix}, ƒzfwf} 2/305, hf} 4/261, ƒo} 937bQ) zbcv™iHfsh zdk iasqfusb mf kfv dwðv ubA sjfb wÙÁ Jfhfv dydhsq bvm jsv dlsk ifsv, Lfb ðdjsqsY dj bf ˆhQ mcdVv yft rsqsY dj bf kf dydhsq slJsk ifsv. zhwA ˆ njt s[sÛ wkG rt, spb ydhGk sjfb zQw svfpflfsvv sise bf yst pfq. hvQ zdk nfhLfbkfv nfsK sjht l]fsk dydhsq ˆhQ dusH kfv öfl sysJ nsÌ nsÌ hfƒsv sItf uv¢vD. (Iƒ} 2/128, 70} 53bQ, nfvf} 26ix}, dInc} 1/409)

222 ... sssnnnrrrvvvDDDvvv ssswwwNNN nnnmmmqqq iiippp GG G§§§ÀÀ À iiifffbbbfffrrrfffvvv jjjvvvfff }}} snrvDv swN nmq ipG§À ifbfrfv W ²ÃD-nrhfn jvf svfpflfsvv ubA ShL. dj§Â Iuv …lq (nmq hf zfpfb) rWqfv nfsK nfsK mcsJv Jfhfv …ost sItf Wqfsuh. (ˆ hAfifsv mksHl iCshG zfstfdyk rsqsY.) zbcv™i nrhfn jvsk Kfjst nsÌ nsÌ öfmD-²ÃD ixKj rsq pfWqf uv¢vD. ˆv™i jvst svfpf ðÝ rsq pfsh. i[f§Àsv snrvDv nmq swN rsq sosY hf Iusvv zfpfb ðv¢ rsq sosY susb hf ðsbW pdl sj… ifbfrfv hf ²ÃD-nÌsm mÙ Kfsj, kfrst kfv svfpf rsh bf. mrfbhD hstb, ªdhtft vfsk zfpfb slq. nckvfQ skfmvf kk[B ipG§À ifbfrfv jvsk Kfj, pk[B ipG§À bf ƒhsb …s©m mfjkCm zfpfb slq.« (hc} 617bQ, mc})

333 ... IIIuuuvvv ………lllqqq rrrWWWqqqfffvvv iiisssvvvWWW bbbfffiiifffjjj KKKfffjjjfff }}} ²ÃD-nÌm zKhf öi´slfN rWqfv isvW nmq zHfsh sofnt bf jsv bfifj zh²¿fskƒ svfpflfv svfpfv dbqk jvsk ˆhQ snrvD sJsk ifsv. ˆmb dj snrvDv nmq swN rsq sostW zfpfsbv iv sofnt jvsk ifsv. ˆ s[sÛ svfpfv ðv¢v djYc zQw bfifsj zdkhfdrk rstW svfpfv sjfb [dk rsh bf. zhwA bfmfspv ubA sofnt uv¢vD. mf zfsqwf W …s©m nftfmfr (vf}) hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv (jJsbf jJsbf) ²ÃD-dmtb jsv zidhÛ zh²¿fq Iuv rsq spk. kfviv dkdb sofnt jvskb ˆhQ svfpf vfJskb.' (hc} 1925, mc} 1109, nczf}) kfYfVf mrfb zfïfr Iuv …lq rWqfv nmq ipG§À ²ÃD-dmtsbv zbcmdk dlsqsYb ˆhQ kfv iv sKsj svfpf vfJfv zfslw dlsqsYb. zfv kfv mfsbƒ rt sp, svfpflfsvv ubA (Iuv …lsqv iCshG) dmtsbv iv (Iuv …lsqv isv) bfifjDv sofnt jvf ShL.


75

(û} mcrfïf 6/220, Ifvfvf} 61ix}) klbcv™i dbIfn W ‡kcmkD mdrtfv vfsÛ Jcb há rst (svfpfv dbqk jsv ˆhQ snrvD sJsq) Iusvv iv svfpfq sKsj isv sofnt jsv bfmfp iVsk ifsv. …ipGcÙÁ bfifj icv¢N W mdrtfv ubA bfifjDv sofntsj njft hf lcicsvv nmq ipG§À dhtdìk jvf ShL bq. hvQ nCpG …lsqv iCshGƒ sofnt jsv pKfnmsq bfmfp zflfq jvf kfslv ubA Wqfsuh. spmb icv¢sNv ubA Wqfsuh ˆmb nmsqv dHksv nk¶v sofnt jvf, pfsk Iusvv bfmfp ufmfzfk nrjfsv mndusl zflfq jvsk n[m rq. (dInc} 1/411, ƒhsb hfp, Ifdn} mcndbl 51ix}, dvmcpfdn} 23ix}) ÎfkhA sp, vmpfsbv dlsbv shtfq svfpflfsvv öi´slfN rsq sost kfv svfpf hfdkt bq. sjbbf, kf kfv ˆJdkqfvjxk bq. zkˆh kfv ubA uv¢vD rt, bfifjDv sofnt jvf. zhwA Iusvv bfmfp iVfv iv Ocmfsk dosq öi´slfN rst, nsÌ nsÌ sofnt bf jsv pdl spfrsvv zfso ipG§À dhtì jsv sofnt jsv, kfrst kfsk slfN rsh bf. (ƒhsb hfp, Ifdn} mcndbl 51 ix}) zhwA …Ùm rt, bfifsj bf sKsj n©Hh rst nsÌ nsÌ sofnt jsv dhdHâHfsh zfïfrv dpjXv jvf.

444 ... dddlllsssbbb OOO cc cmmmfffsssbbbfff }}} svfpflfsvv ubA dlsb Ocmfsbf ShL. dj§Â njt bfmfp kfv pKfnmsq ufmfzfk nrjfsv zflfq jvsk zhsrtf ialwGb jvf ShL bq. spmb, dhdHâ ƒhflskv jtAfB sKsj dbsusj hdÑk jvf …dyk bq. hvQ …dyk rt, Ocdmsq nmq bó bf jsv vmpfsbv snƒ mfrfk¹AiCBG nmqsj bIt bfmfp, dpjXv-zfpjfv W jcvzfb jfvDm sktfzk äfvf zfhfl jvf. pfsk kfv svfpfv dHksv bfbf iajfv ƒhflskv nmfshw Ose. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, Ifdn} mcndbl 31-32ix})

555 ... nnnIIIvvv jjjvvvfff }}} svfpflfsvv ubA ˆmb slsw nIv jsv svfpf vfJf ShL, spJfsbv dlb Efàf W sYfe. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, mfIf} 1/506)

zóm zLAfq


sssvvvfffpppffflllfffsssvvvvvv uuubbbAAA pppfff jjjvvvfff zzziiiYYY¦¦¦lllbbbDDDqqq

…tfmfoB djYc ˆmb ShL jmG jvfsj svfpflfsvv ubA ziY¦lbDq msb jsvb, pf jvfv Ist kfv svfpf bó rWqfv zfwËf Kfsj. zfv kf dbm´v™i }-

1. mcsJ KcKc umf jsv dost sbWqf. 2. osqv hf sw½®mf dotf. 3. ycƒQofm ufkDq djYc dyhfsbf. 4. l]fskv I]fsj stso Kfjf Jfhfv idv®jfv bf jvf. 5. ziasqfusb Jfhfv sysJ slJf. jfvB, kf otfv dbsy sbsm pfWqfv zfwËf zfsY. 6. ˆmb dudbn bfsj dbsq OafB sbWqf (sw]fjf); pf svfpflfsvv db}w¶fsnv nfsK otfv

dHksv spsk ifsv. 7. ²ÃDv nfsK ˆmb zfyvB jvf, pf svfpflfsvv spZb[cLf ufoak jsv. spmb ycìb,

sjftfjcdt, otfodt iaHxdk. 8. ˆmb djYc jvf, pfsk kfv wvDv lchGt rsq pfsh ˆhQ svfpf yfdtsq spsk jó rsh.

spmb lCdNk vÙÁ hdr°jvB W zdLj vÙÁlfb. 9. jcdï jvf W bfsj ifdb sbWqfsk zdkvÓb jvf. (û} zfnfƒ} 162-163ix}, kfƒvf} 16-17ix})

10. mfub hf ecKX sióX dlsq l]fk mfuf. ˆ YfVf ˆmb djYc jmG vsqsY, pf jvst svfpflfsvv svfpf zn©iCBG sKsj pfq ˆhQ kfv nWqfhW jm rsq pfq. spmb dmKAf jKf htf, dmKAf nf[A slWqf, oDhk jvf, ycotD jvf, zbcv™i iaskAj snƒ jKf htf, pf wvDqk} htf dbdNÝ. jfvB, diaq bhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ svfpf svsJ dmKAf jKf W kfv …iv zfmt kAfo jvsk ifvt bf, sn hAdÙÁv ifbfrfv kAfo jvfv mfsU zfïfrv sjfb iasqfub sbƒ.« (hc} 6057, ƒmf} 1689, zf} 2/452, 505)

bhm zLAfq

pppfffssskkk sssvvvfffpppfff bbbóóó WWW hhhfffdddkkkttt rrrqqq

sp nh jfvsB svfpf bó rq kf lcƒ swaBDv; iaKm swaBDv jfvB svfpf bó jsv ˆhQ kfsk jfpf Wqfsuh rq. zfv däkDq swaBDv jfvB svfpf bó jsv ˆhQ jfpfv nfsK jfIXIfvfW Wqfsuh jsv. sp jfvsB svfpf bó rq ˆhQ jfpfv nfsK jfIXIfvfW Wqfsuh rq; kf rt }- 111 ... ²²²ÃÃ Ã DDD ---nnnÌÌÌmmm }}} nÌm htsk ²ÃD-spfbDsk öfmDv (ncifdvv mk) dtÌfoa iashw rstƒ svfpf bó rsq pfq;


77

kfsk hDpGifk srfj, zfv bfƒ srfj. klbcv™i zShLHfsh ifqJfbf-äfsv dtÌfoa iashw jvfstW svfpf hfdkt oBA rq. ÎfkhA sp, ²ÃDv ifqJfbfäfsv nÌm jvf mrfifi ˆhQ ˆj iajfv jcIXvD. htf hfùtA svfpf zh²¿fq pJbƒ svfpflfv ²ÃD-dmtb jvsh, kJbƒ kfv svfpf bó rsq pfsh. nckvfQ ˆ dmtb pdl vmpfsbv dlsb nQOdek rq ˆhQ svfpf svfpflfsvv ubA Ivp rq, (zKGf{ svfpf jfpf jvf kfv ubA ShL bf rq) kfrst ‰ dmtsbv Ist pKfÛÁsm 5de dudbn nQOdek rsh }- (j) jfhDvf sofbfr; zfv kfv Ist kfsj kWhf jvsk rsh. (J) kfv svfpf hfdkt rsq pfsh. (o) kfsj ‰ dlsbv zhdwó zQw ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl sKsj dhvk Kfjsk rsh. (O) ‰ dlsbv svfpf (vmpfb iv) jfpf jvsk rsh. (M) hxr{ jfIXIfvf zflfq jvsk rsh. zfv kf rt, ˆjde ÛÁDklfnsj lfnk¶ sKsj mcdÙÁ dlsk rsh. kfsk n[m bf rst, tfofkfv (ˆjefbf) lcƒ mfn svfpf vfJsk rsh. zfv kfsk n[m bf rst, 60 ub dmnjDbsj JflAlfb jvsk rsh. ˆ hAfifsv mCt dHdÙ rt, mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ hfBD,

أ ح ل ل ك م ل ي ل ة الص ي ام الر ف ث إ ل ى ن س ائ ك م ( اآلية...)

zKGf{, svfpfv vfsk skfmfslv ubA ²ÃD-ns©Hfo rftft jvf rsqsY. (jc} 2/187) zfv zfhC ùvfƒvf jkGxj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, ˆjlf zfmvf bhD -ˆv jfsY hsn dYtfm. ˆmb nmq k]fv dbje ˆj hAdÙÁ …id²¿k rsq htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfdm L¶Qnoa²À rsq isVdY.' dkdb htstb, ªsjfb dudbn skfmfsj L¶Qnoa²À jsv sItt?« stfjde htt, `zfdm svfpf zh²¿fq zfmfv ²ÃDv nfsK nÌm jsv sIstdY.' ˆ jKf ðsb zfïfrv vnCt kfsj htstb, ªkcdm dj ˆjde ÛÁDklfn mcÙÁ jvsk ifvsh?« stfjde htt, ùD bf.' dkdb htstb, ªkfrst dj kcdm ˆjefbf lcƒ mfn svfpf vfJsk ifvsh?« sn htt, ùD bf.' dkdb htstb, ªkfrst dj kcdm 60 ub dmnjDbsj JflAlfb jvsk ifvsh?« stfjde htt, ùD bf.' --- (hc} 1937, mc} 1111bQ) sp mdrtfv …iv svfpf Ivp, snƒ mdrtf n©mk rsq vmpfsbv dlsb öfmD-nÌm jvst kfvW …iv jfIXIfvf Wqfsuh. zhwA kfv ƒ¤Yf bf Kfjf nsÙ¶W öfmD pdl kfv nfsK sufviChGj nrhfn jvsk yfq, kfrst kfv ubA pKfnfLA kf iadkrk jvf uv¢vD. v¢Jsk bf ifvst kfv …iv jfIXIfvf Wqfsuh bq. ˆƒ ubAƒ sp mdrtf ufsb sp, kfv öfmDv jfmwdÙÁ shwD; sn kfv jfsY siam-r™lsq jfYfjfdY rst dbsuv spZb-diifnf lmb vfJsk ifsv bf, snƒ mdrtfv ubA …dyk, vmpfsbv dlsb kfv jfY sKsj lCsv Kfjf ˆhQ ianfLb W nfu-nÏf bf jvf. klbcv™i öfmDv ubAW …dyk, il±Jtsbv ufqof sKsj lCsv Kfjf ˆhQ svfpf Kfjf zh²¿fq ²ÃDv jfY bf sO]Nf; pdl zfwËf rq sp, …oa spZb-jfmbfq sn kfv mbsj jfhc vfJsk ifvsh bf. jfvB, ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, iaskAj dbdNÝ dudbnƒ „d¨nk. (û} mcm} 6/415, 70} 70bQ, Ifvfvf} 61ix})


i[f§Àsv pdl vmpfsbv svfpf jfpf vfJsk dosq ²ÃD-nÌm jsv sIst, kfrst kfv Ist jfIXIfvf sbƒ. zfv kfv ubA ‰ dlsbv hfjD zQw ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl sKsj dhvk KfjfW uv¢vD bq. zhwA kfv sofbfr rsh. jfvB, sn ƒ¤Yfjxk ˆjde Wqfsuh svfpf bó jsv kfƒ. (mcm} 6/413, zfrjfmcb dmbfn dnqfm, jAfsne, ƒhsb …NfƒmDb) mcnfdIv pdl nIsv Kfjf zh²¿fq svfpf svsJ ²ÃD-nrhfn jsv sIst, kfrst kfv ubA sjht jfpf Wqfsuh, jfIXIfvf Wqfsuh bq. spmb, ‰ dlsbv hfjD zQw ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl sKsj dhvk KfjfW kfv ubA uv¢vD bq. sjbbf, sn mcnfdIv. zfv mcnfdIsvv ubA nIsv svfpf HfÌf (ˆhQ isv jfpf jvf) ShL. zbcv™iHfsh ˆmb svfoD, pfv svfsov ubA svfpf HfÌf ShL dYt; dj§Â jó jsv sn svfpf svsJdYt. sn pdl kfv ²ÃDv nfsK nÌm jsv, sp snƒ dlsbƒ mfdnj sKsj idhÛf rsqsY, kfrst kfvW sofbfr rsh bf; zhwA jfpf Wqfsuh. (mcm} 6/413) sp hAdÙÁ sp ShL Wpsvv Ist svfpf há svsJdYt, dlsbv msLA kfv snƒ Wpv lCv rsq pfWqfv iv pdl ²ÃD-nrhfn jsv, kfrst kfv ubA jfIXIfvf Wqfsuh bq. spmb, sjfb mcnfdIv pdl dlb Kfjsk svfpf bf svsJ Osv dIsv slsJ sp, kfv ²ÃD snƒ dlsbƒ (Iusvv iv) mfdnj sKsj idhÛf rsqsY, kfrst ndEj msk kfslv ubA nÌm ShL. ˆsk öfmD-²ÃDv sjfb iajfv ifi rsh bf. spsrkc ‰ dlb wvDqskv zbcmdkÛÁsm kfslv ubA mfbA bq ˆhQ ‰ dlsb svfpf bf vfJfW kfslv is[ zbcsmfdlk. (‰ 6/421) pdl sjfb hAdÙÁ nc²¿ zh²¿fq svfpf svsJ ²ÃD-nrhfn jvfv iv dlb Kfjskƒ ˆmb znc²¿ rsq isV, pfsk kfv ubA svfpf HfÌf ShL, kfrstW kfv ubA jfIXIfvf Wqfsuh; pdlW kfv ubA dlsbv swNHfso (znc²¿ rWqfv iv) svfpf HfÌf ShL. jfvB, nrhfsnv nmq sn kfsk zbcmdkiafå dYt bf. klbcv™i sp hAdÙÁ dlsbv iaKmfQsw nrhfn jvfv iv nIv jsv kfrst kfv ubAW jfIXIfvf Wqfsuh; pdlW nIv jvfv isv ‰ dlsbƒ kfv ubA svfpf HfÌf ShL. sjbbf, svfpf HfÌf ShL rWqfv iCshGƒ sn (vmpfb) mfsnv mpGflf [câ jsvsY. (‰ 6/422) pdl sjfb hAdÙÁ (jfIXIfvf sKsj svrfƒ ifWqfv hfrfbfq) iaKsm djYc sJsq zKhf ifb jsv kfviv ²ÃD-nÌm jsv, kfrst kfv ifi zdLj. spsrkc sn vmpfsbv mpGflfsj ifbfrfv W nÌsmv mfLAsm Fht jsv bó jsvsY. hxr{ jfIXIfvf kfv rsÄ zdLj jfpGjv. zfv kfv ‰ hfrfbf W Ytbf dbsuv OfsV shfUf öv™i. kfv ubA J]fde kWhf Wqfsuh. (70} 47bQ) ÎfkhA sp, vmpfb mfsn dlsb svfpf zh²¿fq nÌm YfVf zbA sjfb jfvsB snƒ hAdÙÁv ubA jfIXIfvf Wqfsuh rq bf, pfv ubA svfpf vfJf Ivp. htf hfùtA, bIt svfpf svsJ, jnsmv jfIXIfvfv svfpf svsJ, sjfb zncdhLfv Ist ƒrvfm zh²¿fq sjfb dbdNÝ jfu jsv sItst kfv udvmfbfv svfpf svsJ, kfmfÙc rÏ jvsk dosq jcvhfbD dlsk bf sisv kfv dhdbmsq svfpf svsJ zKhf bpsvv svfpf svsJ ²ÃD-nrhfn jsv sItst jfIXIfvf Wqfsuh bq. spmb nÌm bf jsv (²ÃD-spfbDv hfƒsv) hDpGifk jsv sItstW jfIXIfvf


79

Wqfsuh bq. (mcm} 6/422-423) zhwA jfpf skf Wqfsuhƒ. ÎfkhA sp, hAdHyfv jsv sItstW nrhfsnv mkƒ jfIXIfvf Wqfsuh. kfYfVf hAdHyfsvv nfuf W kWhf skf zfsYƒ.

222 ... hhhDDDppp GG Giiifffkkk }}} svfpf bójfvD jmGfhtDv msLA ufoak zh²¿fq njfm spZb-öfl zbcHCdkv nfsK hDpGifk zbAkm; yfsr sn hDpGifk (dbu zKhf ²ÃDv) r²ÀSmKcb äfvf srfj zKhf sjftfjcdt äfvf, bsy{ ycìb zKhf iayfib äfvf. jfvB, …ÙÁ iajfv njt jmGƒ rt ˆj ˆj swaBDv spZbfyfv. zKy mrfb zfïfr (rflDsn jclnDsk) hstb, ªsn zfmfv (n§Âdó tfsHv) zfwfq dbsuv iasqfubDq ifbfrfv W spZbfyfv idvrfv jsv.« (hc} 1894, mc} 1151bQ) zfv sp hAdÙÁ sp sjfb iajfsv dbu spZb zbcHCdksj …sÙduk jsv kxdåv nfsK hDpGifk jsv, sn zfnstƒ dbsuv spZb-jfmbf ydvkfKG jsv Kfsj ˆhQ kfv svfpfsk snƒ jmG huGb jsv bf, pf zfïfrv …ÙÁ hfBDsk ifbfrfsvv zbcv™i. (mcm} 6/387) iv§Â svfpflfsvv susb vfJf …dyk sp, r²À zKhf zbA djYc äfvf hDpGifk Oefsbf spmb svfpfv mfsn rfvfm, skmdb zbA mfsnW. dj§Â vmpfsb kf zdLjv™si rfvfm. spsrkc ˆ mfsnv vsqsY ixKj mpGflf ˆhQ kfsk rsqsY svfpf Ivp. (Ifvfvf} 61ix})

333 ... iiifffbbbfffrrrfffvvv }}} ifbfrfv htsk sisev msLA sp sjfb iajfsv sjfb JflA zKhf ifbDq si]ZYfsbfsj hcUfsbf rsqsY; yfsr kf mcJ dlsq srfj zKhf bfj dlsq, ifbfrfsvv h²Â spmbƒ srfj; …ijfvD hf …ifslq srfj zKhf zijfvD hf zbcifslq, rftft srfj zKhf rfvfm, z¬i srfj zKhf shwD. htf hfùtA, (dhdV, dnofsve, o]fuf iaHxdkv) LCmifb svfpf bó jsv slq; pdlW kf zijfvD, zbcifslq W rfvfm ifbDq. i½fd±ej hf sjfb Lfkcv mftf dost sItst svfpf bó rsq pfsh; pdlW kf sise sost slsrv sjfb …ijfv nfLb rsh bf. klbv™i pdl sj… sjfb zidhÛ hf rfvfm h²Â H[B jsv, kfrst kfvW svfpf bó rsq pfsh. (û} mcm} 6/379, 48} 14ix}) ifbfrfsv svfpf bó rWqfv mCt dHdÙ rt mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ hfBD,

خ ي ط األ س و د م ن ال ف ج ر و ك ل و ا و اش ر ب و ا ح ت ى ي ت ب ي ن ل ك م ال خ ي ط األ ب ي ض م ن ال ( ( zKGf{, zfv skfmvf ifbfrfv jv, pk[B ipG§À bf (vfskv) jfstf zájfv sKsj Iusvv nflf svJf skfmfslv dbje ±ió rsqsY. (jc} 2/187) nckvfQ Iuv …lq rWqfv zfso ipG§À mrfb zfïfr svfpflfsvv ubA ifbfrfv ShL jsvsYb. zk}iv dkdb vfk ipG§À svfpf vfJfv zfslw dlsqsYb. zfv kf rt svfpf bójfvD dudbn sKsj dhvk Kfjfv bfm. dkdb hstb,

ث م أ ت م وا الص ي ام إ ل ى الل ي ل ( (


zKGf{, zk}iv skfmvf vfk ipG§À svfpf iCBG jv. (jc} 2/187) zKGf{, mfosvh ipG§À. zfv mrfb zfïfr (rflDsn jclnDsk) hstb, ªsn zfmfv (n§Âdó tfsHv) zfwfq dbsuv iasqfubDq ifbfrfv W spZbfyfv idvrfv jsv.« (hc} 1894, mc} 1151bQ) nckvfQ sp sö¤Yfq ifbfrfv jvsh kfv svfpf bó rsq pfsh. sn sofbfrofv rsh, dhLfq kfv ubA kWhf Wqfsuh ˆhQ jfpfW. zhwA ˆv ubA sjfb jfIXIfvf sbƒ. ksh ƒ¤Yf jsv sj… svfpf bó jvfv iv kf jfpf jvstW kf jhct rsh dj bf -kf dbsq mksHl zfsY.

444 ... pppfff ˆjjj zzzsssKKKGG G iiifffbbbfffrrrfffvvv }}} öfHfdhj ifbfrfsvv iK YfVf zbA Hfsh ifbfrfsvv jfu dbst kfskW svfpf bó rsq pfsh. spmb Jfhfsvv jfu slq ˆmb (nAftfƒb ƒsÓjwb) dbst svfpf rsh bf. sjbbf, kfsk ifbfrfsvv zKG dhlAmfb. zfv wvDqskv dbslGw-hfBDsk sp hAfij zKG ifWqf pfq, sp sjfb zh²¿fq snƒ zKG ifWqf sost snƒ dbslGw ‰ zh²¿fv …iv zfsvfi jvf rsh. (kfƒvf} 44ix}) klbcv™i svfpf zh²¿fq slsrv vÙÁ idvhkGb jvstW svfpf bó rsq pfsh. jfvB, kfsk slsrv msLA bkcb W dbmGt vÙÁ ialfb jvf rq. zfv vsÙÁv nfsK zbA sjfb h²Â hf ŠNL Kfjst skf kf svfpf bó rWqfv zbA ˆjde jfvB. (ƒhsb hfp, Ifmckfdn} 38ix})

555 ... ƒƒƒ¤¤¤YYYfffjjjxx xkkk hhhdddmmm jjjvvvfff }}} ƒ¤Yfjxk hdm jvst, zKGf{ sise sKsj JfWqf JflA (hmb W …lXdovB jsv) shv jsv dlst, mcsJ zfÌct Hsv, sie dbMXsv, sjfb dhje lcoGá ufkDq djYcv OafB bfsj dbsq, zKhf zv¢dyjv OxBA djYc slsJ …tXde jvst svfpf bó rsq pfsh. sn s[sÛ ‰ svfpfv jfpf uv¢vD. (û} mcm} 6/385, 70} 53bQ) i[f§Àsv nfmtfsk bf sisv zdb¤YfjxkHfsh hdm rsq sost svfpf bó rq bf. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, ªsvfpf zh²¿fq sp hAdÙÁ hmbsj lmb jvsk n[m rq bf, kfv ubA jfpf sbƒ. i[f§Àsv sp ƒ¤YfjxkHfsh hdm jsv, sn spb ‰ svfpf jfpf jsv.« (zf} 2/498, zflf} 2380, dk} 716, ƒmf} 1676, lf} 1680, ƒJc} 1960, ƒdr} mfWqfdvl 907bQ, rf} 1/427, lfvf}, hf} 4/219 iamcJ, ƒo} 930, nuf} 6243bQ) sTjcv kctsk dosq pdl svfpflfsvv otfsk djYc Jfhfv …sE zfsn zKhf Jfhfsvv öfl otfsk zbcHh jsv ˆhQ kfvisvƒ sTfj dost sbq, kfrst kfsk svfpfv sjfb [dk rq bf. jfvB, kf zfnst mcJ ipG§À shv rsq zfsn bf. hvQ otf ipG§À ˆsnƒ icbvfq kf sise sbsm pfq ˆhQ svfpflfv sjht dbu otfsk kfv öfl zbcHh jsv Kfsj. (mcm} 6/431) 666 ... mmmdddrrrtttfffvvv mmmfff dddnnnjjj zzzKKKhhhfff dddbbbIIIfffnnn ðððvvv¢¢¢ rrrWWWqqqfff }}} mdrtfv mfdnj zKhf dbIfsnv Jcb shv rsk ðv¢ rst kfv svfpf bó rsq pfq. pdl nCpG z²À pfWqfv nfmfbA [B iCshG Jcb slJf slq, kfrst kfv ‰ dlsbv svfpf hfdkt ˆhQ nCpG z²À pfWqfv nfmfbA [B isv slJf dlst kfv ‰ dlsbv svfpf ðÝ. (48} 15ix})


81

777 ... lll CC C dddNNNkkk vvvÙÙÙÁÁÁ ssshhhvvv jjjvvvfff }}} slr sKsj lCdNk vÙÁ shv jvst svfpf bó rsh dj bf - sn dbsq mksHslv jKf iCshG zfstfdyk rsqsY ˆhQ ndEj mk ˆƒ sp, kfsk svfpf bó rsh bf. zhwA iChGnkjGkfmCtj zfmt ˆƒ sp, svfpflfv svfpf zh²¿fq dlsbv shtfq ‰ jfu jvsh bf. (70} 56bQ)

888 ... dddbbbqqqkkk hhhfff dddkkkttt jjjvvvfff }}} dbqk iaskAj ƒhflk kKf svfpfv zbAkm v¢jXb. zfv nfvf dlb sn dbqk dbvhd¤YâHfsh msb ufoak vfJsk rsh; pfsk svfpflfv svfpf bf vfJfv hf svfpf hfdkt jvfv sjfb iajfv lxP nQj¬i bf jsv hsn. htf hfùtA, svfpf bf vfJfv dbqk jvst ˆhQ kfv dbqk hfdkt jsv dlst nfvfdlb ifbfrfv zfdl bf jsv …ihfn jvstW svfpf hfdkt oBA rsh. (û} dInc} 1/412, mcm} 6/376, nfvf} 24ix}, Ifdn} duvfƒnD 8ix}) i[f§Àsv sp hAdÙÁ djYc JfWqf zKhf ifb jvfv iafKdmj ƒ¤Yf sifNB jvfv iv SLpG Lsv ifbfrfv jvfv ‰ ƒ¤Yf hfdkt jsv ifbfrfv jsv bf, sn hAdÙÁv sjht svfpf HfÌfv ƒ¤Yf sifNB jvfv Ist svfpf bó rsh bf; pk[B bf sn nkAnkAƒ ifbfrfv jsv sbsh. zfv ˆv …lfrvB snƒ hAdÙÁv mk, sp bfmfsp jKf htfv ƒ¤Yf sifNB jvfv iv jKf bf hst zKhf bfmfp iVsk iVsk rfWqf YfVfv ƒ¤Yf jvfv iv kf nfmst dbsk ifsv. ˆmb hAdÙÁv spmb bfmfp W WpC hfdkt bq, dEj skmdb ‰ svfpflfsvv svfpf. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, jAfsne, zfrjfmcb dmbfn dnqfm)

999 ... mmmcc cvvvkkkfffÜÜÜXX X rrrWWWqqqfff }}} sjfb ns¦lr, jKf hf jfsuv Ist pdl sjfb svfpflfv mcvkfÜX (jfsIv) rsq pfq (bf†pc dhïfdr dmb pfdtj), kfrst njstv msk kfv svfpf hfdkt rsq pfsh. zk}iv sn pdl kWhf jsv icbvfq mcndtm rq, kfrst ‰ svfpf kfsj jfpf jvsk rsh; pdlW sn ‰ dlsb svfpf bójfvD sjfb dudbn hAhrfv bf jsv. spsrkc sJfl mcvkfÜX rWqfefƒ ˆjde svfpf bójfvD jmG. kfsk sn jcIvD sjfb dhw¶fsnv Ist mcvkfÜX srfj zKhf jcIvD sjfb ns¦lr jvfv Ist, zfïfr W klDq vnCt djQhf äDsbv sjfb zQw dbsq hAÌ-dhû™i jsv jcIvD jKf hst mcvkfÜX srfj zKhf kf bf jsv sp sjfb iajfv jcIvD m§ÀhA jsv. zfv pdlW kfv W kfv hfsiv bfmJfdb mcndtsmv khcW kfv njt ƒhflk iakAfJAfk. (û} zfnfƒ} 83ix})

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sssvvvfffpppfff bbbóóó rrrWWWqqqfffvvv wwwkkkGG G fffhhhtttDDD …ipGcÙÁ svfpf bójfvD (mfdnj W dbIfsnv Jcb hAkDk) njt dudbn sjht kJbƒ svfpf bó jvsh, pJb kfv nfsK 3de wkG zhwAƒ ifWqf pfsh. zfv sn wkG 3de dbm´v™i}-

1. svfpflfv ufbsh sp, ˆƒ dudbn ˆƒ nmsq hAhrfv jvst kfv svfpf bó rsq pfsh. zKGf{, kf hAhrfv jvfv nmq kfv ˆ jKf zufbf Kfjst ytsh bf sp, ˆƒ dudbn svfpf bó jsv zKhf ˆJb svfpfv nmq.

2. kf spb msb ±mvB vfJfv nfsK hAhrfv jsv; Hcst dosq bq. 3. kf spb dbuö ƒ¤Yf W ˆJdkqfsv hAhrfv jsv; zisvv kvI sKsj hfLA rsq

bq. sjbbf, mrfb zfïfr hstb,

و ل ي س ع ل ي ك م ج ن اح ف ي م ا أ ( خ ط أ ت م ب ه ، و ل ك ن م ا ت ع م د ت ق ل و ب ك م ( zKGf{, sjfb hAfifsv skfmvf Hct jvst skfmfslv sjfb zivfL sbƒ; dj§Â ƒ¤Yfjxk jvst zivfL zfsY. (jc} 33/5) dkdb zfsvf hstb,

ر ب ن ا ال ت ؤ اخ ذ ن ا إ ن ن س ي ن ا أ و أ خ ط أ ن ا( ( zKGf{, sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfmvf pdl Hct W Û¢de jsv sIdt, kfrst kcdm zfmfslvsj zivfLD jsvf bf. (jc} 2/286) dkdb zbAÛ hstb,

إ ال م ن أ ك ر ه و ق ل ب ه م ط م ئ ن ب اإلي م ان ( ( zKGf{, (sj… „mfb zfbfv iv zfïfrsj zöDjfv jvst ˆhQ jcIXvDv ubA r™lq mcÙÁ vfJst kfv …iv zfïfrv sÛÁfL idkk rsh. zfv kfv ubA zfsY mrfwfd²À. ksh kfv ubA bq, pfsj (jcIXvD jvsk) hfLA jvf rq; dj§Â kfv dyÙ „mfsb zet Kfsj. (jc} 16/106) mrfbhD hstb, ªzhwAƒ zfïfr zfmfv ubA zfmfv …©mskv Hct-Û¢de ˆhQ hfLA rsq jxk ifisj mfuGbf jsv dlsqsYb.« (zf}, ƒmf}, k¶fh}, rf}, nuf} 1731bQ)

zzzfffvvv ˆƒƒƒ dddHHHdddÙÙÙssskkk ˆjjjfff dddLLLjjj mmmfffnnnfffsssqqqttt iiiaa ammmfff dddBBBkkk rrrqqq }}} pdl sjfb (bW-mcndtm) öfmD-²ÃD svfpf svsJ nÌm jvst svfpf bó rq -ˆ jKf bf susb nÌm jsv sIst, zKhf Iuv …lq rsq pfWqfv nmq bf ufbsk sisv (nmq hfjD zfsY msb jsv) Hct jsv nÌm jsv sIst, kfrst kfslv …iv jfpf-jfIXIfvf djYcƒ Wqfsuh bq. öfmD pdl dmtsbv ubA ²ÃDsj sufv jsv ˆhQ ²ÃD hfLf slWqfv syóf jvf nsÙ¶W hfLf dlsk ifvÌm bf rsq nÌm rsqƒ pfq, kfrst ²ÃDv svfpf ðÝ. jfvB, ‰


83

dmtsb kfv ƒ¤Yf dYt bf. svfpf svsJ Ocdmsq Kfjf zh²¿fq ösi´ sj… nÌm jvst ˆhQ kfv Ist nkAnkAƒ (öi´slfN W) hDpGifk rsq sost kfv svfpf bó rsh bf. sjbbf, Ocm§À hAdÙÁv ösi´ sjfb ƒ¤Yf Kfsj bf. hvQ kfv …iv sKsj dIdvñfv sbjD-hlD stJfv jtmW kcst sbWqf rq. svfpflfv Hcst djYc sJsq zKhf ifb jsv dbst svfpf bó rsh bf. jfvB, svfpfv jKf sn Hcst dosqdYt. zfv mrfbhD hstb, ªsp svfpflfv Hcst dosq ifbfrfv jsv sIst, sn spb kfv svfpf iCBG jsv sbq. ˆ ifbfrfv kfsj zfïfrƒ jdvsqsYb.« (hc} 1933, mc} 1155, zflf} 2398, dk}, lf}, ƒmf} 1673, lfvf}, hf} 4/229, zf} 2/395, 425, 491, 513) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªsp hAdÙÁ vmpfb mfsn Hcthwk} svfpf bójfvD sjfb jfu jsv sIst, kfv …iv jfpf W jfIXIfvf djYcƒ sbƒ.« (ƒdr} mfWqfdvl 906bQ, rf} 1/430, ƒv} 4/87)

pdl sj… ˆƒ msb jsv Jfq zKhf ifb jsv sp, nCpG Fcsh sosY zKhf ˆJsbf Iuv …lq rq db, kfrst kfv svfpf bó rsh bf. spsrkc sn bf susb sJsqsY. pdl WpC hf sofnt jvsk dosq zKhf n]fkfv jfesk dosq sise ifdb yst pfq, djQhf bst ifdb, siseºft zKhf zbA sjfb kvt ilfKG mcsJ jsv efbsk dosq otfv dbsy sbsm pfq, kfrst kfskW svfpf bó rsh bf. jfvB, ˆ nsh svfpflfsvv ƒ¤Yf Kfsj bf. Ocdmsq Kfjf zh²¿fq pdl jfsvf mcsJ Jfhfv (spmb ifb ƒkAfdl) sKsj pfq, zk}iv snƒ zh²¿fq Iuv rsq pfq, kfrst ufofv nfsK nfsK kf …ost sIst dlsq jcdï jsv dbst kfv svfpf rsq pfsh. sjbbf, sn Ocdmsq dYt ˆhQ Iuv rWqfv iv sn ƒ¤Yfjxk sn Jfhfv dost Jfqdb. sj… ÎfbwCbA rsq sost kfv mcsJ ifdb dlsq pdl kfv Îfb dIsv pfq, kfrst kfv svfpf ðÝ. jfvB, ‰ ifdb sn dbsuv ƒ¤Yfq Jfq db. (mcm} 6/401) ˆJfsb ˆjde nkjGkfv dhNq ˆƒ sp, pdl sj… sjfb svfpflfvsj bf susb hf Hcst sJsk zKhf ifb jvsk iakA[ jsv, kfrst kfsj svfpfv jKf n¹vB jdvsq slWqf uv¢vD. spsrkc mrfb zfïfrv hAfij dbslGw rt,

)) و ت ع او ن و ا ع ل ى ال ب ر و الت ق و ى(( zKGf{, skfmvf n{jfpG W zfïfrHDdkv hAfifsv ˆsj zivsj nfrfpA jv. (jc} 5/2) zfv mrfbhD -ˆv hAfij dbslGw rt, ªzfdm Hcst sost skfmvf zfmfsj ±mvB jdvsq dlW.« (hc} 401, mc} 572, zflf}, bf}, ƒmf}) kfYfVf zfnst ˆde ˆjde zfidÙjv jmG. zkˆh kf iadkrk jvf Wqfsuh. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb Ifdn} mcndbl 46ix}, 70} 44bQ)

hdm nfmtfsk bf ifvst svfpfv sjfb [dk rq bf. jfvB, kf svfpflfsvv


ˆJdkqfsvv hfƒsv. zfv kfv ltDt rt …sïdJk ±ió rflDn. ˆ s[sÛ mcJ HdkG rWqf hf bf rWqfv sjfb wkG jfpGjv bq.

lwm zLAfq

vvvmmmpppfffsssbbb sssppp sssppp jjjfffuuu jjjvvvfff sssvvvfffpppffflllfffsssvvvvvv jjjkkkGG GhhhAAA mfrfk¹AiCBG vmpfb mfsn dj dj sbj jfu jvf jkGhA kf …sïJ jvfv iCshG jsqjde dhNq t[ABDq }-

1. ˆƒ smZnsmv mCtA W mfrfk¹A iajxkHfsh …itdé jvf. zfidb ˆ jKf ±mvsB vfJshb sp, pdl ˆƒ nWqfshv smZnm zfibfv rfk YfVf rsq pfq, kfrst kf icbvfq dIsv ifWqfv sjfb dbÇyqkf sbƒ. kfYfVf ˆde rt nQjDBG nmsqv ˆjde nchBG ncspfo. zfïfr nkAƒ hstsYb, ªkf sofbf-o]fKf jsqjde dlb.« (jc} 2/184) `vmpfb ˆsn sot' ˆhQ `vmpfb swN rsq sot' stfsjslv ˆƒ …Hq …dÙÁv mfsU hAhLfb jk nQjDBG! ˆ s[sÛ nfLfvBHfsh z±ió …itdé Kfjf psKó bq sp, vmpfb mfn rt ˆjde mfrfk¹AiCBG smZnm.

2. mpGflf W nWqfshv dlj sKsj zfmtnmCsrv mfsU kfvkmA zfsY. nckvfQ kfsk sjfb zfmt hV. zfhfv sjfb zfmt sYfe. sjfb zfmt zfïfrv dbje iY¦lbDq; dj§Â zbA sjfb zfmt k]fv dbje zdLj iY¦lbDq. zkˆh mcndtsmv …dyk, snƒ zfmt jvsk zdLj syóf W pkhfb rWqf, pf nhfv yfƒsk swaô zfmt, mrfb zfïfrv dbje zdLj iY¦lbDq ˆhQ nWqfshv dlj sKsj zdLj mpGflfnmxÝ. (jfbfdmvf} 46ix}) ntsI nfstrDb iaskAj zfmtsj iCBGfÌ W ncdbicB jvfv ubA pKfnfLA iaqfn yftfskb. kfvisvW kf zfïfrv lvhfsv jhct rsh dj bf kf dbsq dy§Àfoa²À Kfjskb. Hq jvskb sp, k]fv sn zfmt rqskf iakAfJAfk rsh. zfv k]fvf skf k]fvf, p]fvf ªnwË W HDk-jd©ik r™lsq lfb jsv.« (jc} 23/60) rpvk zftD hstb, `zfmt jvfv yfƒsk kfv jhct rWqfv hAfifsv zdLj pkhfb rW. skfmvf dj ðbdb, mrfb zfïfr hstb,

ق ب ل اهللا م ن ال م ت ق ي ن إ ن م ا ي ت ( (

zKGf{, zfïfr sjht mcÙfjD (ivsrpofv) stfjslv jfY sKsjƒ (zfmt) oarB jsv Kfsjb.' (jc} 5/27) rfnfb hfnvD (v}) hstb, `mrfb zfïfr vmpfb mfnsj k]fv hf¦lfslv ubA iadkspfdokfv mqlfb öv™i dbLGfdvk jsvsYb; pfv msLA kfvf k]fv n§Âdó tfsHv ubA zfsifsn iadkspfdokf jvsk ifsv. htf hfùtA, djYc stfj zoahkGD rsq nItjfm rsqsY ˆhQ zbA djYc stfj iÇyflXhkGD rsq [dkoa²À rsqsY. zkˆh zhfj tfso snƒ sJt-kfmfwfq mÙ hAdÙÁsj slsJ; sp snƒ dlsbW dbu sJtfq mÙ Kfsj, spdlsb


85

n{jmGwDtvf nfItA tfH jsvb ˆhQ zjmGBAvf rq [dkoa²À.' (zft-zfwv¢t zfWqfdJv¢ dmb vfmfpfb sKsj …Ýxk) vmpfb mfsn sp sp zfmt jvf svfpflfsvv ubA jkGhA kf dbm´v™i }-

111 ... kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrrvvv bbbfffmmmfffppp hhhfff dddjjjqqqfffsssmmm vvvfffmmmfffpppfffbbb djqfsm vfmfpfb hf vmpfsbv djqfmsj n¶ftfkck kfvfhDr hf kfvfhDrv bfmfp htf rq. `kfvfhDr' mfsb rt zfvfm jvf. spsrkc ntsI nfstrDboB 4 vfjzfk bfmfp isV dhvdkv nfsK hsn ˆjec zfvfm dbskb, kfƒ kfv bfmW rsqsY kfvfhDrv bfmfp. zfv ‰ zfvfm sbWqfv ltDt rt mf zfsqwfv rflDn; pfsk dkdb hstb, `bhD 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. nckvfQ kcdm snƒ bfmfspv snZ¦lpG W SlsOGAv hAfifsv duÎfnf jsvf bf. (zKGf{ zkA§À nc¦lv W lDOG rk.) zk}iv dkdb 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. nckvfQ kcdm snƒ bfmfspv snZ¦lpG W SlsOGAv hAfifsv duÎfnf jsvf bf. zk}iv dkdb 3 vfjzfk (dhkXv) bfmfp iVskb.' (hc} 1147, mc} 738bQ) …ÙÁ rflDsnv mfsb rt, dkdb iaKm 4 vfjzfk bfmfpsj ˆj nmsq ˆjefbf isVsYb. zKGf{, dkdb 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVfv iv nfsK nfsKƒ zfhfv 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. zk}iv hsn dhvdk dbskb. zk}iv dkdb …sE icbvfq 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVfv iv nfsK nfsK zfhfv 2 vfjzfk iVskb. zk}iv zfhfv hsn ˆjec dudVsq dbskb ˆhQ nhswsN 3 vfjzfk dhkXv iVskb. ˆJfb sKsjƒ ntIoB 11 vfjzfk bfmfspv s[sÛ ˆƒ iÝdk oarB jsvsYb ˆhQ kfƒ k]fvf iaKsm 2 nftfsm 4 vfjzfk bfmfp isV ˆjec zfvfm sbb. zk}iv zfhfv 2 nftfsm 4 vfjzfk bfmfp isV idvswsN 3 vfjzfk dhkXv isVb. (mcm} 4/13, 65, 67)

kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrrvvv bbbfffmmmfffssspppvvv mmmfffbbb WWW kkkfffvvv mmmfffrrrfffkkk¹¹¹ AAA }}} kfvfhDrv bfmfp bfvD-icv¢N njstv ubA ncâfsk mczfÄflfr. hù rflDnoas§¿ rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf jkGxj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt djqfsm vfmfpfsbv hAfifsv (njtsj) …{nfdrk jvskb; dj§Â dkdb hfLAkfmCtjv™si zfslw dlskb bf. dkdb htskb, ªsp hAdÙÁ „mfb svsJ nWqfshv zfwfq vmpfsbv djqfm jvsh, sn hAdÙÁv iChGjxk ifinmCr mfI rsq pfsh.« (zf} 2/281, 529, hc} 1901, mc} 759, nzflf} 1222, ndk} 648bQ) rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `ˆjlf bhD mndusl bfmfp iVstb. k]fv zbcnvB (ƒdÙÁlf) jsv zsbj stfj bfmfp iVt. zk}iv isvv vfsk bfmfp iVst stfj zfsvf shwD rt. kxkDq vfsk stfsjvf umfsqk rst dkdb hfnf sKsj shv rstb bf. Iusvv nmq dkdb kfslv …sÜswA htstb, ªzfdm skfmfslv zfoar t[A jsvdY. skfmfslv dbje (bfmfspv ubA) shv rsk zfmfv sjfb hfLf dYt bf. dj§Â zfdm zfwËf jvtfm sp, ‰ bfmfp skfmfslv ubA Ivp jsv slWqf rsh.« zfv ˆ Oebf rt


vmpfsbv.' (hc} 2012, mc} 761bQ)

kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrrvvv nnnmmmqqq }}} kfvfhDrv bfmfp zflfq jvfv nmq rt, vmpfsbv (y]fl slJfv vfk nr) iaskAj vfsÛ ˆwfv Ivp W ncâk bfmfspv iv dhkXv iVfv zfso. zhwA swN vfsÛ Iuv …lq rWqfv zfso ipG§À ˆv nmq dh²ÀDBG. spsrkc mrfbhD iaKm vfsÛ kfv iaKm Hfso ðv¢ jsv vfsÛv ˆj-kxkDqfQw zdkhfdrk rWqf ipG§À bfmfp isVdYstb. däkDq vfsÛW kfv iaKm Hfso ðv¢ jsv vfsÛv zsLGjfQw zdkhfdrk rWqf ipG§À bfmfp isVdYstb ˆhQ kxkDq vfsÛ kfv iaKm Hfso ðv¢ jsv swN vfk zhdL bfmfp isVdYstb. (nzflf} 1227, ndk} 646, nbf} 1514, nƒmf} 1327bQ) zfv rpvk …mfv hstb, `vfskv iaKm Hfso bfmfp zsi[f kfv swN Hfsov bfmfpƒ zdLj …Ùm.' zhwA stfsjvf k]fv sJtfIkjfst vfsÛv iaKm Hfsoƒ kfvfhDr iVk. (hc} 2010bQ)

kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrrvvv dddbbbqqqkkk }}} dbqk mfsb msbv nQj¬i. zfv kfv ²¿fb rt z§Àv; mcJ bq. mrfbhD W k]fv nfrfhfslv sj…ƒ sjfb dbdlGó wè mcsJ …¤yfvB jvskb bf. kfƒ kf mcsJ …¤yfvB jvf dhlzfk. kfYfVf dbqskv ubA sjfb h]fLf-Lvf wèfhtDW sbƒ. ÎfkhA sp, kfvfhDrv ðv¢skƒ sj… pdl nm²À bfmfspv ˆjhfv dbqk jsv sbq, kfrst kfƒ psKó. iaskAj 2 vfjzfsk dbqk jvf uv¢vD bq. zhwA bfmfp iVsk iVsk sj… sjfb iasqfusb kf sYsV dlsq icbvfq iVsk tfost bkcb dbqskv lvjfv. nkjGkfv dhNq sp, dbqk jvf uv¢vD; dj§Â iVf dhlzfk.

kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrrvvv vvvfffjjjzzzfffkkk---nnnQQQJJJAAA fff }}} ncâk W zfIpt rt ˆƒ bfmfp dhkXv nr 11 vfjzfk iVf. mrfbhD -ˆv vfskv bfmfp nìsá nhGfdLj shwD Jhv vfJskb dpdb, snƒ zfsqwf (vf})sj duÎfnf jvf rt sp, vmpfsb zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv bfmfp jk vfjzfk dYt? …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `dkdb vmpfsb ˆhQ zbAfbA mfsnW 11 vfjzfk zsi[f shwD bfmfp iVskb bf.' (hc} 1147, mc} 738bQ) nfsqh dhb ƒqfpDl hstb, `(JtDIf) …mfv …hfƒ dhb jf'h W kfmDm zflX-lfvDsj zfslw jsvdYstb, spb k]fvf vmpfsb stfjslv dbsq 11 vfjzfk kfvfhDr isVb.' (mf} 249bQ, hf} 2/496) djYc …tfmf hstb, dj§Â pdl sj… kfv yfƒsk shwD bfmfp iVsk yfq, kfrst kfsk sjfb hfLf W [dk sbƒ. jfvB, vfskv bfmfp iansÌ bhD -sj duÎfnf jvf rst …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªvfskv bfmfp 2 vfjzfk 2 vfjzfk jsv. zk}iv skfmfslv sj…


87

pJb Iuv rsq pfWqfv Hq jsv, kJb sn spb 1 vfjzfk dhkXv isV sbq. ˆsk kfv iVf bfmfpÈstf shsufV rsq pfsh.« (hc} 990, mc} 749bQ) htf hfùtA, …ÙÁ dbslGw slWqfv nmq dkdb vfskv bfmfspv sjfb dbdlGó vfjzfk dbLGfdvk jsvbdb; bf vmpfsbv ˆhQ bf zvmpfsbv. kfYfVf sJfl mrfbhD jJsbf jJsbf 13 vfjzfk bfmfpW isVsYb. zfv kf ˆ jKfvƒ ltDt sp, vfskv bfmfspv hAfifsv sjfb nQjDBGkf sbƒ; zKGf{ kfv ˆmb sjfb dbdlGó vfjzfk-nQJAf sbƒ pfv zbAKf jvf pfsh bf. ksh zhwA snƒ nQJAfv bfmfp iVsk zHAfnD rWqf zdLj …Ùm W iCBGfÌ zfmt, sp nQJAfv jKf mrfbhD -ˆv ncâfrsk (sJfl zfmst) ˆsnsY. iv§Â snƒ nfsK bfmfp ˆmb LDsv-ncs²¿ W tìf jsv iVf …dyk, pfsk bfmfpDslv jóshfL bf rq. zfv ˆsk sjfb ns¦lsrv zhjfw sbƒ sp, …ÙÁ (11 vfjzfk) nQJAfƒ nfLfvB mfbcsNv ubA zdLjkv nru ˆhQ ƒmfsmv ubAW zdLj …ispfoD. ˆsk njstv v¢jC, dnulf W djvfzfsk dhbq vfJf, LDsv LDsv ±ióHfsh jcvzfb iVf W kfv zKG r™lqÌm jvf ˆhQ iaskAj dhNsq kfVfùVf bf jvfv hAfifsv hV nrspfdokf ifWqf pfsh. (û} mcm} 4/70, 73, ƒhsb hfp nftf} 5ix}, dvmcpfdn} 26ix}, Icdnkfpf} 17ix}) i[f§Àsv 20 vfjzfk kfvfhDr dbdlGó rWqfv hAfifsv sjfb rflDn sbƒ. nfrfhfslv kvI sKsj sp zfnfv hdBGk jvf rq, kfv nhÈdtƒ pqDI. (mcrfdÜn zfïfmf zfthfbDv icd²Àjf `n¶ftfkck kfvfhDr' ûóhA)

kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrrvvv uuufffmmmfffzzzfffkkk }}} vmpfsbv djqfm ufmfzfsk iVf dhsLq; spmb ˆjfjD iVfW ShL. ksh mndusl ufmfzfk nrjfsv ˆƒ bfmfp zflfq jvfƒ (zdLjfQw …tfmfv msk) …Ùm. iCshG …sïdJk rsqsY sp, vnCt nfrfhfslvsj dbsq …ÙÁ bfmfp ufmfzfk nrjfsv zflfq jsvsYb. zhwA kf Ivp rsq pfWqfv zfwËfq dkdb ufmfzfk jsv iVf huGb jsvdYstb. zk}iv zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv ƒs§Àjft rt. kJbW ‰ bfmfspv zh²¿f zbcv™i ufmfzfkrDb dYt. zbcv™i dYt zfhC hfjsvv dJtfIkjfst ˆhQ …mfsvv dJtfIskv iaKm dlsjW ˆjƒ zh²¿f dYt. zk}iv …mfv njtsj ˆjde ƒmfsmv iÇyfsk ufmfzfkhÝ jvstb. zfècv vrmfb dhb zfèX zftj¶fvD hstb, ˆjlf vmpfsbv vfsÛ …mfv dhb JfÙfshv nfsK mndusl sotfm; slJtfm, stfsjvf dYâ dYâ dhdHâ ufmfzfsk dhHÙÁ. sj… skf ˆjfjD bfmfp iVsY. jfsvf bfmfspv ƒdÙÁlf jsv djYc stfj ufmfzfk jsv bfmfp iVsY. kf slsJ …mfv htstb, `zfdm msb jdv, pdl Wslvsj ˆjde j¶fvD (ƒmfsmv) iÇyfsk ufmfzfkhÝ jsv dlƒ, kfrst kf …Ùm rsh.' zk}iv dkdb kfsk nQj¬ihÝ rsq …hfƒ dhb jf'shv ƒmfmdksk njtsj ˆj ufmfzfkhÝ jvstb. kfviv zfv ˆj vfdÛsk zfdm k]fv ndrk shv rsq sotfm. kJb stfsjvf kfslv ƒmfsmv iÇyfsk ufmfzfk nrjfsv bfmfp iVsY. kf slsJ …mfv htstb, `êf ˆjde


…Ùm zfdh°jfv.' (hc} 2010bQ) mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ƒmfsmv nfsK bfmfp isV ˆhQ kfv bfmfp swN jvf ipG§À kfv nsÌ Kfsj (ƒdÙÁlf jsv), snƒ hAdÙÁv ubA nfvf vfdÛ djqfm jvfv nWqfh dtdihÝ jvf rq.« (zf}, nzflf} 1227, ndk} 646, nbf} 1514, nƒmf} 1327bQ) ˆƒ rflDnW iamfB jsv sp, kfvfhDrv bfmfspv ufmfzfk W ƒmfm zfsY.

kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrrvvv uuufffmmmfffzzzfffssskkk mmmdddrrrtttfffssslllvvv zzzQQQwwwoooaa arrrBBB pdl sjfb dIkbf nxdóv zfwËf bf Kfsj, kfrst kfvfhDrv ufmfzfsk mdrtfslv …id²¿k rWqf slfNfhr bq. zhwA wkG rt, kfvf spb nímiCBG sthfn idvLfb jsv, shilGf rsq dbsuslv snZ¦lpG iajfw bf jsv ˆhQ sjfb iajfsvv nchfn W ncodá hAhrfv bf jsv mndusl pfq. (Icdnkfpf} 19ix}) mrfbhD hstb, ªsp mdrtf ncodá hAhrfv jsvsY, sn spb zfmfslv nfsK ˆwfv bfmfsp …id²¿k bf rq.« (zf} 2/304, mc} 444, zflf} 4175bQ, bf}) ˆklXnsÙ¶W öoxsr bfmfp iVfƒ kfslv ubA …Ùm. diaq bhD hstb, ªskfmvf skfmfslv mdrtfslvsj mndusl spsk hfLf dlW bf. zhwA kfslv Ovƒ kfslv ubA …Ùm.« (zf} 2/76, 77, nzflf} 530bQ) (ˆ dhNsq dh²Àfdvk ûóhA `n¶ftfdk mchfwXdwv' 2/194-196) mrfbhD swN vfsÛ bfmfp iVsk l]fdVsq k]fv nfsK k]fv idvhfv W ²ÃDoBsj ˆhQ snƒ nfsK nfrfhfhoGsj dbsq ufmfzfk jsv bfmfp isVdYstb. (zf}, nzflf} 1227, ndk} 646, nbf} 1514, nƒmf} 1327bQ) htf hfùtA, ÎfbD mdrtfv …dyk, mndusl …id²¿k rsq bfmfp iVf kfv ubA …Ùm msb jsv, kfrst sn spb snƒ zfjfv W sthfsn shv rq, sp zfjfv W sthfn ntIslv mdrtfvf mndusl pfWqfv ubA hAhrfv jvskb. mdrtfv ubA uv¢vD, mndusl pfWqfv isK n{-dbqk msb …id²¿k vfJf. kfsj msb vfJsk rsh sp, sn mndusl bfmfp zflfq jvsk ˆhQ mrfb zfïfrv zfqfk wahB jvsk pfs¤Y. msbv msLA ˆƒ sJqft Kfjst kfv zfjfsv-ytsb wf§ÀHfh, dwókf W of©HDpG iajfw ifsh ˆhQ kfv iadk icv¢sNv lxdó zfjxó rsh bf. lc}sJv dhNq sp, jkj mdrtf iafƒsHe FafƒHfsvv nfsK ˆjfdjbD mndusl pfq. zfv ˆsk sn bIt zflfq jsv nWqfh jfmfsk dosq rfvfm jfu jsv sofbfr jfdmsq zfsn. zKy kfv ˆ jfu sp dhvfe mcJGfdm ˆhQ dbsve shfjfdm kf htfƒ hfùtA. mdrtfslv ubA …dyk bq, sn vjm sjfb dwð nsÌ dbsq mndusl zfnf, pfvf mfsqv bfmfp-hA²Àkfq SLpG vfJsk ifvsh bf ˆhQ jfâf, dy{jfv, sy]yfsmdy hf YcefYcde jsv, mnduslv jcvzfb, zfnhfh-iÛ ƒkAfdl dbsq sJtf jsv njt bfmfpDv dFófhG jvsh. (zfwv¢ zj¶fIfdkb dtdânf ID vfmfpfb 7-8ix})

mmmdddrrrtttfffssslllvvv zzzfffsssiiifffsssnnn kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrrvvv uuufffmmmfffzzzfffkkk }}}


89

sjfb djswfv, icv¢N hf mdrtfv ƒmfmdksk sjfb hfdVsk kfvfhDrv bfmfspv ubA mdrtfslv ixKj ufmfzfk jvf slfNfhr bq. rpvk zfsqwfv ÛÁDklfn pfjWqfb vmpfsb jcvzfb slsJ k]fv ƒmfmdk jvskb. (hc} kf'tDjfb 139ix}, ƒzfwf} 7216bQ, zfvf}) ufshv dhb zfècïfr hstb, ˆjlf j¶fvD nfrfhD rpvk …hfƒ dhb jf'h zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv jfsY ˆsn zfvu jvstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! (vmpfsbv) okvfsÛ zfdm ˆjde (zöfHfdhj) jfu jsvdY.' dkdb htstb, ªsnef dj?« …hfƒ htstb, `djYc mdrtf zfmfv Osv umf rsq htt, zfidb (Hfstf W shwD) jcvzfb iVsk ifsvb, zfmvf ifdv bf. zkˆh zfidb zfu zfmfslv ƒmfmdk jsvb. kfslv ˆƒ zbcsvfsL zfdm kfslvsj dbsq 8 vfjzfk ˆhQ dhkv isVdY.' ˆ jKf ðsb mrfbhD yci Kfjstb. zKGf{ k]fv ˆƒ bDvh Kfjf ˆ hAfifsv k]fv smZbn©mdkv ncâk rsq sot. (k¶fh}, zfqf}, mfpf} 2/74, nfkf} zfthfbD 68ix}) zhwA ˆ s[sÛ wkG rt, mdrtf ˆjfdjbD rst sn ƒmfm spb kfv sjfb ôfbf rq ˆhQ shofbf bf rq. bkchf mdrtf spb ˆjfdLj Kfsj ˆhQ kfvf ilGfv nfsK Kfsj. zfv nhGs[sÛ spb sjfb iajfv dIkbfv Hq bf Kfsj. (mcm} 4/352) …s©m zvfjfr dhb bfWIft (vf})sj mrfbhD k]fv idvhfsvv mdrtfslv ƒmfmdk jvsk zfslw jsvdYstb. (zflf} 591-592bQ, lfvf} 1071, 1491bQ) zhwA ˆ s[sÛ mdrtf ƒmfm mdrtfslv jfkfv sYsV icv¢sNv mk nfmsb ˆjfdjbD l]fVfsh bf. hvQ jfkfsvv mLAJfsb l]fdVsq ƒmfmdk jvsh. rpvk …s©m nftfmfr mdrtfslv ƒmfmdk jvfv nmq jfkfsvv mfUJfsbƒ l]fVfskb. (lfvf} 1493bQ, hf} 3/131, ƒzfwf}, zfvf}) zbcv™i hdBGk zfsY rpvk zfsqwf sKsjW. (lfvf} 1492bQ, zfvf}, mcrfïf 3/171-173)

kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrrvvv uuubbbAAA ƒƒƒmmmfffmmm HHHfffVVVfff jjjvvvfff }}} kfvfhDrv bfmfspv ubA ncmLcv jØdhdwó rfsIp-j¶fvD ƒmfm HfVf jvf slfNfhr bq. ksh (j¶fvD nfsrshv kvI sKsj) HfVf hf ifdvwadmj dbdlGó jvf …dyk bq. spsrkc ˆj ufmfzfk ntI ˆ jfusj ziY¦l jsvsYb. zhwA mnduslv ufmfzfk pdl zdbdlGó- Hfsh k]fsj zsbj djYc dlsq icvõxk hf nfrfpA jsvb, kfrst kfsk sjfb [dk sbƒ. i[f§Àsv ˆmb ƒmfsmv diYsb bfmfp ðÝ. shkb dbdlGó jvstW bfmfspv sjfb [dk rsh bf - ƒb wfzfïfr. jfvB, ˆmb ƒmfsmv iasqfub isVƒ Kfsj. ksh ycdÙÁokHfsh shkb dbLGfdvk jvfv jfu bf jvfƒ …dyk. ufmfzfskv nc²¿ dhshj zbcpfqD ƒmfm dhdbmq-nfrfpA ifshb; ksh kf wkG-nfsi[ rWqf …dyk bq. êfƒ rt …Ùm W iChGnkjGkfmCtj jmG. ˆ vjmƒ hstsYb ntsIv ˆjde ufmfzfk. vfdrmfùmcïfr. zfv ˆ jKfv ƒdÌk vsqsY rflDsn. mrfbhD …nmfb dhb zfhct zfn -sj hstdYstb, ªˆmb mczfpXdpb vfJ, sp zfpfb slWqfv dhdbmsq sjfb ifdvwadmj oarB jsv bf.« (nzflf} 497bQ) ˆ dbslGw ±iók} pdlW mczfpXdpsbv ubA, khcW ƒmfsmv s[sÛ ˆ dbslGw zdLjkv iaspfuA.


htf hfùtA, rfsIp W j¶fvD nfsrhslv …dyk, k]fvfW spb jcvzfb-sktfzksj zsKGfifuGsbv mfLAmv™si hAhrfv bf jsvb. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, ªskfmvf jcvzfb ifE jv, kfv …iv zfmt jv, (kfv dbslGw zbcpfqD jfu jv,) kfv iadk ShmcJ rsq spW bf, kfsk zdkvÓb jsvf bf, kfv mfLAsm …lviCdkG jsvf bf ˆhQ kfv znDtfq LbhxdÝW jsvf bf.« (zf}, k¶fh}, zfqf}, iamcJ, dnn} 260bQ)

kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrrvvv bbbfffmmmfffssspppvvv iiiÝÝÝdddkkk }}} mrfbhD -ˆv vfskv bfmfp nfLfvBHfsh ˆjƒ dbqm-iÝdkv zbcnfvD dYt bf. hvQ k]fv ˆƒ bfmfp dYt ˆjfdLj Lvsbv ˆjfdLj dbqsmv. dbsm´ nQs[si snƒ nh dbqmfhtD mcndtsmv zhodkv ubA …sïJ jvf rt }- 1. dkdb 13 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. iaKsm rfîf jsv 2 vfjzfk dlsq ðv¢ jvskb. iaskAj 2 vfjzfsk nftfm dIvskb. iaskAj 2 vfjzfksj iCshGv zsi[f rfîf jvskb. ˆƒHfsh 10 vfjzfk iVfv iv idvswsN 3 vfjzfk dhkXv iVskb. (mc} iamcJ nfkf} zfthfbD 86ix} û}) 2. dkdb sjfb vfsk 13 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. kfv msLA iaskAj 2 vfjzfsk nftfm dIsv 8 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb ˆhQ nhswsN ˆj nftfsm 5 vfjzfk dhkXv iVskb. zfv ˆƒ 5 vfjzfk dhkXsvv mfsU sjfKfW hnskb bf ˆhQ nftfmW dIvskb bf. (zf}, mc} iamcJ ‰ 89ix}) 3. dkdb sjfb vfsk 11 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. iaskAj 2 vfjzfsk nftfm dIsv 10 vfjzfk iVskb ˆhQ idvswsN 1 vfjzfk dhkXv iVskb. (zf}, mc}, zflf}, iamcJ, ‰ 90ix}) 4. sjfb vfsk dkdb 11 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. ˆj nftfsm 4 vfjzfk, zk}iv zfv ˆj nftfsm 4 vfjzfk. kfviv 3 vfjzfk dhkXv iVskb. rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `dkdb vmpfsb ˆhQ zbAfbA mfsnW 11 vfjzfk zsi[f shwD bfmfp iVskb bf. bhD 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. nckvfQ kcdm snƒ bfmfspv snZ¦lpG W lDOGkfv hAfifsv duÎfnf jsvf bf. (zKGf{ zkA§À nc¦lv W lDOG rk.) zk}iv dkdb 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. nckvfQ kcdm snƒ bfmfspv snZ¦lpG W lDOGkfv hAfifsv duÎfnf jsvf bf. zk}iv dkdb 3 vfjzfk (dhkXv) bfmfp iVskb.' (hc} 1147, mc} 738bQ) dj§Â sjfb sjfb zfrst ƒtXm hstb sp, `bhD 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb.' rpvk zfsqwfv ˆƒ jKfv zKG ˆƒ bq sp, dkdb 4 vfjzfk bfmfp ˆjefbf ˆjƒ nftfsm iVskb. hvQ k]fv …sÜwA rt, dkdb 4 vfjzfk 2 nftfsm isV ˆjec zfvfm jsv sbWqf kKf j½fd§À lCv jsv sbWqfv …sÜswA hnskb. zk}iv …sE zfhfv 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. spmb rpvk zfsqwfv zbA hBGbfq ˆ jKfv dhwl hAfJAf vsqsY; dkdb hstb, `bhD vfsÛ 11 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb; ˆv iaskAj 2 vfjzfsk nftfm dIvskb.' (mc} 736bQ)

i[f§Àsv pdl Lsv sbWqf pfq sp, rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) dh²Àfdvk hBGbf slbdb, khcW


91

mrfbhD -ˆv …dÙÁ, ªvfskv bfmfp 2 vfjzfk 2 vfjzfk« …ÙÁ jsmGv hAfJAf slq. zfv dhdlk sp, vnCt -ˆv dh²Àfdvk …dÙÁ k]fv z±ió jsmGv hAfJAf ialfb jsv.

htf hfùtA, ˆƒ dHdÙv …iv hcdbqfl jsv zdLjfQw …tfmfsq djvfm hstb, ˆj nftfsm ˆjefbf 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVf mjv™r zKhf rfvfm. (n¶ftfkct tfƒdt zkX-

kfvfhDr, 4-6ix}, mcm} 4/13, 66-67, ƒhsb hfp Ifdn} mcndbl 87ix}) 5. sjfb vfsk dkdb 11 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. kfv msLA 8 vfjzfk ˆjefbf iVskb. sjfKfW bf hsn zóm vfjzfk swN jsv hnskb. kfsk dkdb kfwfrùl W lv™l isV nftfm bf dIsv …sE spskb ˆhQ ˆj vfjzfk isV dbqdmk nftfm dIvskb. nhswsN hsn hsn 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. (zf} 6/53-54, 168, mc}, zflf}, bf}, hf} 30/30, nfkf} zfthfbD 92ix}) 6. sjfb vfsÛ dkdb 9 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. kfv msLA 6 vfjzfk ˆjefbf iVskb. zk}iv hsn kfwfrùl W lv™l ifE jsv nftfm bf dIsv …sE spskb. kfviv ˆj vfjzfk isV dbqdmk nftfm dIvskb. idvswsN hsn hsn 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. (‰)

3 vfjzfk dhkXv iVst 2 dbqsm iVf pfq; (j) 2 vfjzfk isV nftfm dIsv icbvfq …sE zfv ˆj vfjzfk iVsk rq. zKhf (J) 3 vfjzfk ˆjefbf isV swN vfjzfsk hsn kfwfrùl-lv™l isV nftfm dIvsk rq. ˆ s[sÛ mfosvshv bfmfspv mk 2de kfwfrùl iVf ShL bq. jfvB, dhkXv bfmfpsj mfosvshv bfmfspv mk jsv

iVsk dbsNLfÎf ˆsnsY. nckvfQ skmb jsv iVf jmis[ mjv™r. (nftfkct tfƒdt zkX-kfvfhDr, ƒhsb hfp 7ix}, nfkf} zfthfbD 98ix}, dh²Àfdvk û} n¶ftfsk mchfwXdwv 2/290)

iajfw Kfsj sp, ƒmfsmv ubA …Ùm rt, 2 vfjzfk jsv kfvfhDrv bfmfp zflfq jvf. jfvB, ˆƒ dbqm bfmfpDslv is[ nru. kfYfVf ufmfzfskv sjfb stfj rqskf hf dbsuv iasqfusb 2, 4, zKhf 6 vfjzfk iv shv rsq pfsh. dj§Â ƒmfm 4, 5, 7 hf 9 vfjzfk ˆjefbf iVst sn sI]sn pfsh. slr Kfjsh mndusl, zKy kfv mb Kfjsh hfKv¢sm zKhf uv¢vD jfsu. i[f§Àsv 2 vfjzfk jsv iVst ˆmbde rq bf. zhwA

ncâfr hqfb jvfv …sÜswA pdl sjfb sjfb nmq ‰v™i ˆjefbf bfmfp isV, kfrst kf slfNfhr bq. (nftfkct tfƒdt zkX-kfvfhDr, ƒhsb hfp 7ix})

…ÙÁ nQJAf yfƒsk jm nQJAj vfjzfk kfvfhDr iVfW ShL. spsrkc ˆ hAfifsv mrfbhD -ˆv jmG W dbslGw iamfdBk. k]fv jsmGv hAfifsv zfècïfr dhb zfhC jfƒn hstb, zfdm zfsqwf (vf}) sj duÎfnf jvtfm sp, `zfïfrv vnCt jk vfjzfk dhkXv iVskb?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `dkdb jJsbf 4 vfjzfk isV 3 vfjzfk dhkXv iVskb, jJsbf 6 vfjzfk isV 3 vfjzfk dhkXv iVskb, jJsbf 10 vfjzfk isV 3 vfjzfk dhkXv iVskb. zhwA dkdb 7 vfjzfk zsi[f jm ˆhQ 13 vfjzfk zsi[f shwD dhkXv iVskb bf.' (zf} 6/149, zflf}, iamcJ, û} nfkf} zfthfbD 83-84ix}) zfv ˆ hAifsv dkdb dbslGw dlsq hstb, ªdhkXv rt iaskAj mcndtsmv ubA rj hf


nkA. nckvfQ sp 5 vfjzfk dhkXv iVsk iY¦l jsv sn kfƒ iVcj, sp 3 vfjzfk iVsk iY¦l jsv sn kfƒ iVcj ˆhQ sp ˆj vfjzfk iVsk iY¦l jsv sn kfƒ iVcj.« (zflf} 1422, bf}, ƒmf}, lfvf}, rf} 1/302, hf} 3/27, dm} 1265bQ)

iiiaa a ssskkkAAAjjj lll cc cƒƒƒ vvvfffjjjzzzfffssskkkvvv mmmfffsssUUU dddpppjjjXX Xvvv }}} iaskAj lcƒ vfjzfsk nftfm dIsv knhDr, ƒd²ÀoIfv hf lczf iVf slfNfhr bq. ksh ˆ nmq …¤yösv sn nh iVf …dyk bq. jfvB, kfv sjfb ltDt sbƒ. (mh} 26/98) iajfw Kfsj sp, ‰ njt dpjXv hf lczf pf Ivp bfmfspv iv iVf rsq Kfsj. i[f§Àsv ˆƒ bfmfspv iaskAj 2 vfjzfk iviv nftfm dIsv dbdlGó dpjXv; spmb ªnchrfbf dpt mctdj zt-mftfjCk, nchrfbf dpt ƒpXpfdk zt-zfpfmfr---« iVf dhlzfk. (mcdh} 329ix}) ˆ ²¿st mrfbhD zKhf k]fv sjfb nfrfhD jkGxj sjfb dbdlGó lczf hf dpjXv hdBGk rqdb. spmb kfvhDrv bfmfp swsN zKhf iaskAj 2 vfjzfk iv iv dbqdmk sjfb dbdlGó ufmfzfkD dpjXv; spmb nmösv ufmfzfkD lv™l zfdl iVf zdhsLq; hvQ kf dhlzfk. mndusl ˆƒ swaBDv dy{jfv OxBA zfyvB ˆhQ kf mndusl zbAfbA dbdNÝ jKf htfvƒ swaBDHcÙÁ. (IfkfWqf wfqJ mcrf©mfl dhb ƒhvfrDm 2/247)

ˆƒƒƒ bbbfffmmmfffssspppvvv dddjjj¶¶ ¶vvvfffzzzfffkkk }}} mrfbhD vfskv djqfmsj Jch tìf jvskb. mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, bhD 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. nckvfQ kcdm snƒ bfmfspv snZ¦lpG W SlsOGAv hAfifsv duÎfnf jsvf bf. (zKGf{ zkA§À nc¦lv W lDOG rk.) zk}iv dkdb 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. nckvfQ kcdm snƒ bfmfspv snZ¦lpG W SlsOGAv hAfifsv duÎfnf jsvf bf. zk}iv dkdb 3 vfjzfk (dhkXv) bfmfp iVskb.' (hc} 1147, mc} 738bQ) ùpfƒIf hstb, `ˆjlf dkdb ˆj vfjzfsk nCvf hfj¶fvfr, zf-dt ƒmvfb W dbnf LDsv LDsv ifE jsvb.' (mc} 772, bf} 1008, 1132bQ) rpvk …mfv -ˆv pfmfbfq ntIoB kfvfhDrv bfmfspv dj¶vfzfk tìf jsv iVskb. iCBG bfmfsp iafq 300de zfqfk ifE jvskb. ˆmb dj ˆƒ lDOG djqfsmv jfvsB zsbsj tfdEv …iv Hv jsv l]fVfskb ˆhQ Iusvv nfmfbA iCshG k]fvf bfmfp swN jsv hfnfq dIvskb. snƒ nmq Jfslmvf snrvD JfWqf n©Hh rsh bf -ˆƒ zfwËfq Jfhfv dbsq kfVfkfdV jvk. (mf} 249, 251, 252, dm} 1/408 zfthfbDv eDjf û}) k]fvf 8 vfjzfsk nCvf hfj¶fvfr isV swN jvskb ˆhQ kf 12 vfjzfsk iVf rst msb jvf rk sp, bfmfp rfîf rsq sot. (‰) ƒhsb jclfmfr hstb, ƒmfm zfrmfl hstsYb, vmpfb mfsn (kfvfhDrv bfmfsp) ˆmb dj¶vfzfk jvf …dyk, pfsk stfsjslv ubA kf rfîf rq ˆhQ jf…sj jó bf tfso. dhswN jsv (oaDs°mv) sYfe vfkÈdtsk tìf dj¶vfzfk jvf …dyk bq. zfnst stfsjvf pkef hrb jvsk ifvsh kkef idvmfsB bfmfp tìf rWqf …dyk. (mcobD 2/169)


93

kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrrvvv bbbfffmmmfffsssppp jjjcc cvvvzzzfffbbb JJJkkkmmm }}} kfvfhDrv bfmfsp jcvzfb Jkm jvfv hAfifsv wfqJ ƒhsb hfp (v}) hstb, ˆ hAfifsv iaw²Àkf zfsY. ksh zfmfv ˆmb sjfb ltDt ufbf sbƒ, pfsj sj¦û jsv htf pfq sp, kfvfhDrv bfmfsp jcvzfb Jkm …Ùm. zhwA djYc …tfmf hstb sp, ƒmfsmv ubA iCBG jcvzfb ðbfsbf …Ùm; pfsk jsv ufmfzfskv ubA (z§Àkis[ hYsv ˆjhfv) iCBG jcvzfb swfbfv snZHfoA tfH rq. dj§Â ˆ pcdÙÁ ±ió ltDt bq. nckvfQ pf Èv¢k¶iCBG kf rt, ƒmfm k]fv dj¶vfzfsk dhbq-bmakf zhtìb jvshb, LDv W wf§ÀHfsh jcvzfb sktfzk jvshb Jkm jvsk bf ifvstW; hvQ zsLGj hf lcƒ-kxkDqfQw iVsk bf ifvstW mcÙÁflDvf pfsk …ijxk rq snƒ syófƒ jvshb. spsrkc jcvzfb Jkm jvf sjfb uv¢vD jfu bq; uv¢vD rt stfjslvsj kfslv bfmfspv dHksv dj¶vfzfskv mfLAsm dhbq-bmakf nxdó jsv …ijxk jvf. pfsk kfvf snƒ bfmfp W dj¶vfzfsk tfHhfb W kxå rsk ifsv. zhwA ˆv nfsK pdl jcvzfb Jkm jvf n©Hh rq, kfrst zft-rfmlc dtïfr. n©Hh bf rst dkdb pf isVsYb kfƒ psKó; pdlW jcvzfsbv djYc zQw hfjD sKsj pfq. jfvB, jcvzfb Jkm jvf zsi[f ƒmfsmv mcÙÁflDosBv iadk ndhswN pk sbWqf, kfslvsj bfmfspv dHksv dhbqfhbk rsk nhGk} iaqfn vfJf ˆhQ kfslvsj bfmfsp idvkxå jsv …ijxk jvf shwD Èv¢k¶ vfsJ. ˆklXnsÙ¶W pdl sjfb iajfv jó-zncdhLf YfVfƒ jcvzfb Jkm jsvb ˆhQ iCBG jcvzfb kfslvsj swfbfsk n[m rb, kfrst kf zhwAƒ …Ùm. (nftfkf} 11-12ix}) htf hfùtA, ƒmfsmv ubA uv¢vD rt, mcÙÁflDslv zh²¿fv sJqft vfJf. sjbbf, mrfbhD hstb, ªpJb skfmfslv sj… stfsjslv bfmfp iVfq, kJb sn spb rfîf jsv isV. sjbbf, kfslv msLA svfoD, lchGt W hxÝ stfj Kfsj. zhwA pJb skfmfslv sj… ˆjf bfmfp isV, kJb sn pk ƒ¤Yf tìf jvsk ifsv.« (zf}, hc} 703bQ, mc} 467bQ, dk})

kkkfffVVVfffùùùVVVfff bbbfff jjjsssvvv nnncc c ¦¦¦lllvvvHHHfffssshhh kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrr iiiVVVfff }}} ƒmfsmv ubA …dyk bq, bfmfsp utdlhfdu jvf ˆhQ jfsjv lfbf JfWqfv mk EjfEj bfmfp swN jvf. spsrkc mrfbhD W nfrfhfsq sjvfm ˆ bfmfpsj Jchƒ tìf jsv iVskb; spmb iCshG ˆ jKf zfstfdyk rsqsY. mrfbhD -ˆv v¢jC W dnulfr iafq k]fv djqfsmv mkƒ lDOG rk. zfv ˆk tìf nmq Lsv dkdb dnulfq Kfjskb sp, snƒ nmsq iafq 50de zfqfk ifE jvf spsk ifsv. (hc} 1123bQ û}) nckvfQ ˆ jKf zfmfslvsj zbciafdBk jsv sp, zfmvf zfmfslv kfvfhDrv bfmfpsj k]fslv bfmfspv jfYfjfdY jvfv pKfnfLA syóf jvh. zfmvfW dj¶vfzfk tìf jvh, v¢jC, dnulfr W kfv mfsU jWmf W ShEsj knhDr W lczf zdLjfdLj ifE jvh. pfsk zfmfslv msb djdÑ{ idvmfB rstW spb dhbq-bmakf zbcHCk rq; sp dhbq-bmakf rt bfmfspv iafB W md²À°j. zfmfslv …dyk, ˆƒ bfmfspv ncâksj kfv iÝdk, ShdwóA W idvmfB (sjfqfdtde W sjfqfbdede) …Hq dlj sKsjƒ oarB jvf. zkˆh zfmvf


zfmfslv nfLA zbcpfqD bfmfspv snZ¦lpG W SlOGA zhtìb jvh; spmb oarB jsv Kfdj vfjzfk nQJAf. htf hfùtA, dhbq-bmakf, msbv …id²¿dk W LDvkf-d²¿vkf YfVf sjht vfjzfk zflfsqv jkGhA iftb jvfƒ mcJA …sÜwA bq. i[f§Àsv bfmfsp zdkdvÙÁ kfVfùVf ShL bq. kfYfVf kfVfùVf jvsk dosq pdl bfmfspv sjfb Wqfsuh hf v¢jXb ndEjv™si zflfq bf rq, kfrst skf bfmfpƒ hfdkt rsq pfsh. iv§Â ƒmfm sjht dbsuv ubA bfmfp isVb bf. dkdb skf dbsuv kKf mcÙÁflDslv ubA bfmfp isV (ƒmfmdk jsv) Kfsjb. nckvfQ dkdb rstb ˆjub ztD (zdHHfhsjv) mk. k]fsj kfƒ jvf Wqfsuh, pf bfmfsp LDvkf-d²¿vkf hufq vfJfv nfsK nfsK mcÙÁflDslv zh²¿f zbcifsk zhtìb jvf …Ùm. (û} nfkf} 99-103, Icdnkfpf} 18ix}, Ifdn} 88, 93ix}) bfmfsp LDvkf W d²¿vkf zhtìb jvf Ivp W zidvrfpG. sp kf huGb jvsh, kfv bfmfp hfdkt oBA rsh. spsrkc ˆjlf mrfbhD ˆj hAdÙÁsj zLDv W zd²¿v rsq bfmfp iVsk slsJ k]fsj bfmfp dIdvsq iVsk zfslw jvstb ˆhQ dw[f dlstb sp, bfmfspv v¢jC, dnulfr, jWmfr W lcƒ dnulfv mfUJfsb LDvkf W d²¿vkf zhtìb jvf Wqfsuh. (hc} 757, mc} 397bQ, iamcJ) mrfbhD hstb, ªsn bfmfpDv bfmfp psKó bq, sp v¢jC W dnulfq kfv diE snfuf jsv bf.« (nczf}, zflf} 855bQ, zfzf}, nuf} 7224bQ) dkdb hstb, ªnhsysq dbjxó syfv rt snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp kfv bfmfp ycdv jsv.« stfsjvf htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! bfmfp djHfsh ycdv jvsh?' htstb, ªiCBGv™si v¢jC W dnulfr bf jsv.« (ƒzfwf} 2960 bQ, k¶fhf, rf} 1/229, mf}, zf}, nuf} 986bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªzfïfr snƒ hf¦lfv bfmfspv iadk kfdjsqƒ slsJb bf, sp v¢jC W dnulfq kfv smv¢là snfuf jsv bf.« (ƒzfwf} 2957, ƒmf}, zf}, dnn} 2536 bQ)

jjjcc cvvvzzzfffbbb ssslllsssJJJ dddjjj¶¶ ¶vvvfffzzzfffkkk iiiVVVfff }}} ˆsk sjfb ns¦lr sbƒ sp, ˆjub iajxk rfsIpƒ ƒmfmdkv zdLj spfoAkf vfsJb, dpdb bfmfsp jcvzfb mcJ²¿ iVshb. dj§Â ƒmfmdkv ubA pdl rfsIp bf Kfsjb, ƒmfm nfsrh rfsIp bf rb, zKhf k]fv drIXp zkA§À lchGt rq ˆhQ jcvzfb slsJ iVf k]fv dbsuv kKf mcÙÁflDslv ubA shwD …ijfvD rq, kfrst jcvzfb slsJ dj¶vfzfk jvfq sjfb slfN sbƒ. dhswN jsv iaskAj vfsÛ kfvfhDrv bfmfsp iaKm vfjzfsk sjfb sYfe nCvf ˆhQ däkDq vfjzfsk `j¶ct ùWqfïfr' iVf zKhf 8 vfjzfskƒ nCvf bfhf iVf zsi[f …ÙÁ zfmt …Ùm. pdlW …ÙÁ jfsu bfmfspv dHkv djYc zdkdvÙÁ jmG jvsk rq; spmb jcvzfb skftf-vfJf, ixôf sJ]fuf ƒkAfdl, klbcv™i pdlW kfsk djYc ncâk; spmb hcsj rfk vfJf, dnulfv ²¿fsb lxdó vfJf ƒkAfdl hfl isV, khcW iasqfusb kf ShL. spsrkc jmG shwD rstW pdl kf sjfb iasqfub smfkfshj rq ˆhQ ˆjefbf ˆjfdLjhfv bf rq, kfrst kfsk bfmfspv sjfb [dk rq bf. spmb mrfbhD bfmfp-vk zh²¿fq …mfmfr dhs§À


95

pfqbfhsj hrb jsvsYb. nCpGoarsBv bfmfsp dkdb zoanv W iÇyflXil rsqsYb. ˆkäAkDk djkfh W ncâfrv sp hAfij ltDt bfmfsp dj¶vfzfk iVsk dbslGw slq kf slsJ iVf W mcJ²¿ iVfv hAfifsv nfLfvB. zkˆh mCtk} kf ShL. iv§Â rpvk zfsqwf (vf})-ˆv zfmt ˆ jKfv nmKGb jsv. k]fv mcÙÁ jvf lfn pfjWqfb vfsÛ mcnrfI slsJ k]fv ƒmfmdk jvskb. (hc} kf'tDjfb 139ix}, ƒzfwf} 7216bQ, zfvf}) i[f§Àsv rfsIp ƒmfm ifWqf sost snefƒ …Ùm. jfvB, mcJ²¿ iVfsk r™lq rfdpv Kfsj ˆhQ zdkdvÙÁ jfuW jvsk rq bf. smfe jKf, iasqfusb jcvzfb slsJ kfvfhDrv dj¶vfzfk ShL. ksh (rfsIp ƒmfm svsJ) dhj¬i hAh²¿f oarBƒ nshGfÙm. (û} nftfkf} 17-18ix}, Ihf} 2/217 eDjf, Ifdn} mcndbl 86ix})

mmm cc cÙÙÙÁÁÁ ffflllDDDvvv jjjcc cvvvzzzfffbbb ssslllJJJfff }}} bfmfp zh²¿fq mcÙÁflDv jkGhA rt, dhbq-bmakf W LDvkf-d²¿vkf zhtìb jvf, ƒmfsmv dj¶vfzfk msbfspfo nrjfsv wahB jvf, Ffb rfksj hfm rfskv …iv svsJ hcsj h]fLf, dnulfv ufqofq lxdó dbhÝ vfJf ƒkAfdl. dj§Â rfsk jcvzfb dbst …ÙÁ njt ncâfr idvkAÙÁ rsq pfq. ixôf W zfqfk bìv J]cusk dosq zsbj nmq kfv mb W lxdó jcvzfb swfbf sKsj mwÈt rsq isV. nckvfQ rfsk jcvzfb bf sbWqfefƒ mcÙÁflDv ubA ncâk. zhwA ƒmfsmv drIXp j]fyf rst k]fv Hct Ldvsq slWqfv ubA k]fv diYsb jcvzfb slsJ sost iasqfusb kf ShL; lCNBDq bq. i[f§Àsv ziasqfusb iaskAsj jcvzfb rfsk ƒmfsmv dj¶vfzfk slsJ pfWqf ncâfrv dhivDk jfu. (nftfkf} 18-19ix})

dddjjj¶¶ ¶vvvfffzzzfffkkk iiiVVVssskkk iiiVVVssskkk jjjfffâââfff jjjvvvfff }}} dj¶vfzfk ytf zh²¿fq ƒmfm hf mcÙÁflDv zfshso jfâf yst zfnf bfmfspv ubA [dkjv bq. ksh jfsvf ubA …¤yösv j]flf …dyk bq. jfvB, ˆsk zbAfbA bfmfpDslv bfmfsp [dk rq ˆhQ kfsk kfslv - zfv dhswN jsv mcÙÁflD j]flst ƒmfsmv - dFófhG rq. zkˆh mcdmsbv syóf jvf …dyk, pfsk kfv jfâfv wè zbA sj… ðbsk bf ifq ˆhQ `dvqf' (stfj-slJfdb jfu) bf rsq hsn. jfvB, wqkfb ˆƒ dYûisK kfsj `dvqf'v dlsj sesb dbsq spsk ifsv. zhwA jfâf pfv ˆJdkqfsv bq; hvQ sp yfif jfâf v¢Jsk nmKG bq ˆhQ zdb¤Yf nsÙ¶W nwsè jfâf ˆsn isV kfv sn jfu LkGhA bq; hvQ kf [mfrG. iamfdBk sp, mrfbhD pJb dj¶vfzfk iVskb kJb k]fv h[²¿st r]fdVsk ifdb sIfefv mk (zKhf p]fkf sOfvfv mk) jfâfv wè ifWqf spk. (zflf}, bf}, hf} 2/251, zf} 4/25, 26, ƒJc}, ƒdr}, nzflf} 799bQ) rpvk zfhC hfjXv -ˆv hAfifsv hdBGk sp, dkdb dj¶vfzfk jvst jfâfv Ist stfjslvsj kf ðbfsk ifvskb bf. (hc} 679bQ û}) rpvk …mfv -ˆv hAfifsv hdBGk sp jfkfvnmCsrv diYb sKsj k]fv jfâfv wè ðbsk ifWqf spk. (hc} 144ix} kf'tDj)


dj§Â kfv mfsb ˆƒ bq sp, ƒ¤Yf jsvƒ …¤yösv jfâf jvf pfsh. hvQ mrfb zfïfrv Hsq sp yfif jfâf nQhvB jvsk ifvf pfq bf kf lCNBDq bq. htf hfùtA zdb¤Yf nsÙ¶W sp jfâf v¢Jsk ifvf pfq bf sn jfâfq bfmfspv sjfb [dk rq bf. (nftfkf} 19-20ix}) i[f§Àsv jfâfv Hfb jvsk dosq jó-syóf jvf …dyk bq. hvQ jfâf ˆsn iVst ˆƒ syóf rWqf …dyk, pfsk stfsjslv dFófhG bf rq. zfv sn jfâf rsh nfLA W n©Hh zbcnfsv rfîf; pfsk jfsvf bfmfsp sjfb iajfv hAfOfk bf Ose. (nftfkf} 24ix}) …sïJA sp, ªskfmfslv jfâf bf ˆst jfâfv Hfb jv« -ˆ rflDn lchGt. (û} pƒmf} 281, puf} 2025bQ)

zzzfffqqqfffssskkkvvv iiicc cbbbvvvfffhhh xx x dddÙÙÙ }}} sjfb zfqfksj sj¦û jsv Hfhsk W Hfhfsk …äcÝ jvfv …sÜswA kf ˆjfdLj hfv Ocdvsq-dIdvsq ifE jvf slfNfhr bq; pdl kfv Ist r™lsq iaHfh isV ˆhQ jfâf zfjNGB jsv. (nftfkf} 20-21ix}) zfv ˆ jKf iamfdBk sp, ˆj vfsÛ mrfbhD ˆjde mfÛ zfqfksj hfvhfv ifE jsv Iuv ipG§À djqfm jsvsYb. (zf}, bf}, ƒmf}, ƒJc}, rf}, dm} 1205bQ) sn zfqfkde rt,

ن ت ع ذ ب ه م ف إ ن ه م ع ب اد ك ، و إ ن ت غ ف ر ل ه م ف إ ن ك أ ن ت ال ع ز ي ز ال ح ك ي م إ (( (( zKGf{, (sr iadkiftj!) pdl kcdm Wslvsj wfd²À lfW, kfrst kfvf skf skfmfvƒ hf¦lf. zfv pdl kcdm Wslvsj mfI jsv lfW, kfrst dbÇyq kcdm ivfÛÁmwftD dhÎfbmq. (jc} 5/118) mrfbhD jcvzfb sktfzskv nmq knhDrv zfqfk ifE jvst knhDr iVskb, mÌt iafKGbfv zfqfk ifE jvst mÌt iafKGbf jvskb ˆhQ zfwaq iafKGbfv zfqfk ifE jvst zfwaq iafKGbf jvskb. (mc} 772, bf} 1132bQ) zkˆh hfÒbDq rt, zfqfk r™lqÌm jvfv nfsK nfsK kf dbsq dy§Àf-Hfhbf jvf. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

ك ت اب أ ن ز ل ن اه إ ل ي ك م ب ار ك ل ي د ب ر و ا آي ات ه و ل ي ت ذ ك ر أ ول وا األ ل ب اب (( .((

zKGf{, zfdm ˆƒ hjGkmq djkfh skfmfv iadk zhkDBG jsvdY, pfsk Wvf ˆv zfqfknmCr zbcLfhb jsv ˆhQ shfLwdÙÁn©iâ stfsjvf (ˆ sKsj) …islw oarB jsv. (jc} 38/19)

bbbfffmmmfffsssppp jjjcc cvvvzzzfffbbb---JJJkkksssmmmvvv lll cc czzzfff }}} wfqJ ƒhsb …NfƒmDb (v}) hstb, bfmfspv dHksv jcvzfb-Jksmv iv lczf jvfv nis[ vnCt -ˆv ncâfr sKsj zKhf nfrfhfslv zfmt sKsj dbHGvspfoA sjfb nrDr dHdÙ sbƒ. ˆƒ lczfv nis[ ˆjmfÛ ltDt rt rpvk zfbfsnv zfmt; dkdb jcvzfb Jkm jvfv nmq dbsuv idvhfsvv stfjslvsj nmshk jsv lczf jvskb. (ƒzfwf}, lf}, k¶fh}, mfpf} 7/172) dj§Â dkdb bfmfsp ˆmb jvskb bf. zfv dhdlk sp, bfmfspv sp ²¿fsb lczf jvfv hAfifsv sjfb ncâfr ghdBGk rqdb, sn ²¿fsb lczf (zfdh°jfv) jvf ShL bq. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, ªskfmvf snƒ mk bfmfp iV,


97

sp mk zfmfsj iVsk slsJY.« (zf} 5/52, hc} 630bQ, lf}) dj§Â bfmfsp jcvzfb Jksmv lczfsj dhlzfk zfJAfqb slWqf zfmfv jfsY iY¦lbDq bq. sjbbf …tfmfslv kfsk mksHl vsqsY. zkˆh ˆ hAfifsv ˆk hV jecdÙÁ jvf zfmfslv …dyk bq, spJfsb djYc …tfmf sn jfusj mc²Àfrfh msb jsvsYb.(5) zhwA mcndtsmv …dyk, ncâfrv zbcnvsB wk pkhfb rWqf. (mcm} 4/57, 48} 58ix}) htf hfùtA, ˆ jfusj zsbj …tfmf idv°jfvHfsh dhlzfk hstƒ zdHdrk jsvsYb. (û} mcdh} 320ix}) spmb jcvzfb Jksmv sjfb dbdlGó lczfW ncâfrsk hdBGk rqdb. (nftfkf} 32ix}) zfv jcvzfb mfuDslv swsNv dlsj `lczf-ˆ Jfkmct jcvzfb' bfmj wDsNG sp tìf lczf dtJf Kfsj, kf mboVf.

JJJkkksssmmmvvv lll cc czzzfffqqq wwwvvvDDDjjj rrrWWWqqqfff }}} ƒmfm bfmfsp jcvzfb Jksmv lczf jvst mcÙÁflDW sn lczfsk wvDj rsq `zfmDb-zfmDb' htsk ifsv. pdlW bfmfspv msLA jcvzfb-Jksmv mcbfufk jvfv hAfifsv ncâfr sKsj sjfb ltDt sbƒ, khcW spsrkc mcndtmslv djYc zfsq©mfsq sjvfm kf jvf mc²Àfrfh hstsYb ˆhQ kf rt ˆjde ShL ƒudkrflD zdHmk, zfv kf Hct rstW rsk ifsv; dj§Â kf rfvfm djYc bq, snsrkc sn jfsu ƒmfsmv zbcnvB jvfq sjfb hfLf sbƒ. spmb ƒmfm lczf jvst sn lczf dhlzfk msb jsv zKhf ncâfrsk sbƒ hst ‰ bfmfp kAfo jsv shdvsq pfWqf jfsvf ubA …dyk bq. jfvB, kfsk ufmfzfskv mfsU zSbjA W ifv±idvj dhsäN idvlxó rsh. zfv ˆ jfu rsh zfsq©mfsq sjvfmslv zfmstv iadkjCt. spmb ƒmfm zfrmfl (v}) Iusvv bfmfsp jcbCk iVfsj mc²Àfrfh msb jvskb bf; hvQ kf dhlzfk msb jvskb. dj§Â kf nsÙ¶W dkdb htskb, `pdl kcdm ˆmb ƒmfsmv iÇyfsk Iusvv bfmfp iV sp jcbCk isV, kfrst kcdm kfv jcbCskW kfv zbcnvB jv ˆhQ kfv lczfq zfmDb ht.' zfv kf rt ufmfzfskv mfsU nQrdk W ‰jA hufq vfJfv ubA; pfsk ˆsj zisvv iadk OxBf W dhsäN sifNB bf jsv. (mcm} 4/86-87, 48} 59-60ix})

jjjcc cbbb CC C ssskkkvvv jjjdddkkkiiiqqq zzzfffbbb cc cNNNdddÌÌÌjjj mmmfffnnnfffsssqqqttt }}} ♦ …Ùm W ltDstv zdLj dbjehkGD jfu rt `zfïfù©mfrdlbf IDmfb

rflfƒkf' hst jcbCskv lczf ðv¢ jvf. zhwA pdl sj… lczf jvfv smZdtj bDdkv …iv zfmt jsv mrfb zfïfrv iawQnf W bhD -ˆv …iv lv™l iVfv mfLAsm jcbCk ðv¢ jsv, kfrst kfsk sjfb slfN sbƒ.

♦ bhD jkGxj hdBGk lczf-ˆ mfNCvf YfVfW pdl sj… dbsuv kvI sKsj zbA lczf jcbCsk iVsk yfq, kfrst kf slfNfhr bq. jfvB, ˆ ²¿t rt lczf

(٥) ˆ hAfifsv ƒhsb hfspv zdHmk nftfkf} 28-31ixôfq ûóhA.


jvfv ²¿t. kf YfVf ˆ jcbCk rt ˆj iajfv `jcbCsk bfsptfr'. zfv ˆƒ jcbCsk mrfbhD jfsIvslv ubA hÜczf ˆhQ mcndtmslv ubA lczf jsvsYb. (hc} 1006bQ û}) zbcv™i zfhC ùvfƒvf jcbCsk mcdmbslv ubA lczf jvskb ˆhQ jfsIvslv …iv zdHwfi dlskb. (hc} 797, mc} 676bQ) zf'vfu hstb, `zfmfslv slJf njt stfsjƒ vmpfsb jfsIvslv iadk zdHwfi jvk.' (mf} 251bQ) htf hfùtA, ˆ s[sÛ sjfb dbdlGó lczf sbƒ. zkˆh hcUf sot sp, ˆ hAfifsv sjfb nQjDBGkf sbƒ. ˆkäAkDk pdl Lsv sbWqf pfq sp, sjfb mfbcN lczf-ˆ mfNCv ufsb bf, kfrst sn s[sÛ snƒ hAdÙÁv pf ufbf zfsY ˆhQ pf …ipcÙÁ msb jsv dbsuv iasqfub zbcifsk kfƒ dlsq lczf jvsk ifsv; pdl zfnst lczf nrDr lczf rq kfrst. zhwA lczf-ˆ mfNCv hAhrfsv pkhfb rWqfƒ …Ùm zfmt. (mcm} 4/52, nftfkf} 39-40ix})

lll cc czzzfffqqq YYY¦¦¦lll hhhAAAhhhrrrfffvvv }}} lczf jvfv nmq zdb¤YfjxkHfsh pdl lczfv wèfhtDsk Y¦l ˆsn pfq, kfrst kfsk sjfb slfN sbƒ. lCNBDq rt jój¬ibfv nfsK Y¦l hfdbsq lczf jvf. jfvB, mrfbhD jKfq Y¦l hAhrfsvv db¦lf jsvsYb. ˆj hAdÙÁv h]fLf-Y]flf jKf ðsb dkdb hstdYstb, ªˆ Y¦l skf oBsjv Ys¦lv mk!« zKhf ªˆ stfj skf oBjslv ˆj Hfƒ.« (mc} 1681bQ) i[f§Àsv zdb¤Yfjxk Ys¦l slfN sbƒ. ˆmb wè-Y¦l mrfbhD -ˆv jKfqW jJsbf jJsbf ˆmdbƒ ˆsn spk. (nftfkf} 40ix})

ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, `sJqft jsv Y¦lpcÙÁ lczf sKsj lCsv Kfj. spsrkc zfdm vnCtcïfr W k]fv nfrfhfhsoGv dbje …itdé jsvdY sp, k]fvf Y¦l jsv lczf …si[f jvskb.' (zf} 6/217, hc} 6337bQ)

tttìììfff lll cc czzzfff dddjjj SSShhhLLL ??? sjfb sjfb ƒmfm lczfsj ˆk tìf jsvb sp, kfsk mcÙÁflDslv zsbsjv zKhf njstv jó rq. i[f§Àsv zfv ˆj swaBDv ƒmfm zfsYb, p]fvf jcbCskv lczfsj jdhkf zfhxdÙv mk oVoV jsv isV sIstb. dj§Â pJb mcbfufk ðv¢ jsvb, kJb ˆjƒ lczfsj hfvhfv hst shw lDOG nmq hAq jsvb. Ist sj… sj… iafq zfL O¦ef Lsv jcbCk isVb. zfv sj… skf zfhfv dtdJk lczfv jfou rfsk svsJ slsJ slsJ iVsk Kfsjb! htf hfùtA, lczf jvsk mLAhkGD i§¿f zhtìb jvf ˆhQ lczf swN jvfv isvW mcÙÁflDslv msb zfsvf lczf jvfv zfjf£[f sKsj pfWqfef, kfslv msb dhvdÙÁ W dhkxòf nxdó jvf zsi[f …Ùm. zfmfslv diaq bhD zfmfslvsj lczf-ˆ jcbCk dwdJsq sosYb. zhwA kfv isv zbA mcbfufskv iamfdBk W ðÝ lczf shwD jsv iVf pdlW lCNBDq bq, khcW sJqft vfJsk rsh, pfsk bfmfpDslv spb jó bf rq ˆhQ kf lczfq nDmftQOb jvfv ipGfqHcÙÁ bf rsq


99

isV. zfnst dhvfe tìf nmq Lsv lczf jvf lczfsk nDmftQOb jvfvƒ ipGfqHcÙÁ. zfv mrfb zfïfr hstb,

اد ع و ا ر ب ك م ت ض ر عا و خ ف ي ة ، إ ن ه ال ي ح ب ال م ع ت د ي ن (( (( zKGf{, skfmvf dhbDkHfsh W sofisb skfmfslv iadkiftjsj Ffj, dkdb nDmftQObjfvDslv iY¦l jsvb bf. (nCvf zf'vfI 55 zfqfk) ˆjlf zfècïfr dhb mcofIXIft k]fv sYstsj lczf jvsk ðbstb; sYst htsY, `sr zfïfr! zfdm skfmfv jfsY iafKGbf jvdY sp, zfdm pJb ufâfsk iashw jvh, kJb kfv Ffb dlsj nflf mrt yfƒ.' dkdb htstb, `shef! zfïfrv jfsY ufâfk yfW ˆhQ ufrfâfm sKsj ifbfr yfW. jfvB, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -sj htsk ðsbdY, dkdb hstsYb, ªˆƒ …©mskv ˆjde n©ialfq rsh, pfvf idhÛkfq ˆhQ lczfsk nDmftQOb jvsh.« (nzflf} 87, nƒmf} 3116bQ)

i[f§Àsv mrfbhD -ˆv zflwG dYt, dkdb z¬i wsè shwD zLGshfLj lczf hAhrfv jvskb ˆhQ ˆ YfVf zbAfbA (tìf) lczf idvrfv jvskb. zkˆh ƒmfm nfsrshv …dyk, zbcv™i z¬i wsè shwD zKGshfLj …ijfvD lczf dbhGfyb jsv kfv äfvf lczf jvf ˆhQ kf zdkdvÙÁ tìf jsv stfjslvsj dhvÙÁ bf jvf. (nftfkf} 29ix}, kfIfnfnf} 83ix}, jfbfdmvf} 14-15ix})

ˆjjjhhhyyybbb wwwsssèèèvvv lll cc czzzfffsssjjj hhhùùùhhhyyybbb jjjsssvvv iiiVVVfff }}} lczf-ˆ mfNCv ˆjhyb wsè rst ƒmfm nfsrh sndesj hùhyb wsè hAhrfv jvshb. jfvB, dkdb dbsuv nfsK nfsK mcÙÁflDslv ubAW lczf jsv Kfsjb. (nftfkf} 41ix}, ˆ hAfifsv zdLj û} nftfdk mchfwXdwv 2/293)

jjjcc cbbb CC C ssskkkvvv uuuhhhfffhhh }}} jcbCskv lczfq ƒmfsmv `ƒâfù tf qAfdpïc ---' htfv nmq spsrkc `zfmDb' htf rq bf snsrkc sjfb sjfb stfj ˆ s[sÛ `öflfj¶kf', `rfÄ¶-rfÄ¶', `zfwrfl', zKhf `ƒqfïfr' hst Kfsj. zfnst ˆ nh htf dhlzfk. (mcdh} 322-323ix})

jjjcc cbbb CC C ssskkkvvv lll cc czzzfffvvv ssswwwsssNNN mmm cc c sssJJJ rrrfffkkk hhh cc ctttfffsssbbbfff }}} lcƒ rfk kcst jcbCskv (zbcv™i sp sjfb) lczfv swsN mcsJ rfk hctfsbf ncâk bq. sjbbf, ˆ hAfifsv hdBGk nm²À rflDnÈdt pqDI. (û} ƒo} 2/181, mcm} 4/55) zfv pqDI rflDn äfvf sjfb ncâk iamfB jvf zfmfslv ubA n©Hh bq. kfƒ zsbj …tfmf idv°jfvHfsh ˆ jfusj dhlzfk hstsYb. (û} ƒo} 2/182, mcdh} 322ix}) mfumC' bfmj djkfsh ƒmfm bWhD ƒpXpX dhb zfècn nftfsmv nfsK ˆjmk rsq hstb, (lczfv swsN mcsJ rfk hctfsbf) mc²Àfrfh bq. ƒpXpX dhb zfècn nftfm hstsYb, ùfsrt YfVf ˆ jfu sj… jsv bf.'


ˆkäAkDk ˆ jfu dhsLq bf rWqfv nmKGbjfvD zfsvf ltDt ˆƒ sp, rfk kcst lczf jvfv jKf hù rflDsnƒ ˆsnsY; dj§Â sjfb rflDsn lczfv swsN mcsJ rfk hctfsbfv jKf …sïJ rqdb. zfv kfv mfsbƒ rt, ƒb wfzfïfr- rfk hctfsbfv nis[v rflDnÈdt mcbjfv (nrDr-dhsvfLD), dhLfq kf dhsLq bq. (ƒo} 2/182)

jjjcc cbbb CC C ssskkkvvv mmmfffbbb }}} dhkXv bfmfsp jcbCk iVf ncâk, Wqfsuh bq. jfvB, sp njt nfrfhfhx¦l dhkXv bfmfspv rflDn hBGbf jsvsYb, k]fvf kfsk jcbCskv jKf …sïJ jsvbdb. htf hfùtA, pdl mrfbhD kf iakAr jvskb, kfrst k]fvf njstƒ sn jKf hBGbf jvskb. ksh r]Af, ˆjf …hfƒ dhb jf'h hBGbf jsvsYb sp, vnCt dhkXsv jcbCk iVskb. ˆ sKsj hcUf pfq sp, dkdb jJsbf jJsbf kf iVskb. zfv ˆ sKsjƒ iamfB rq sp, kf Wqfsuh bq. (dnnfb} 179ix} eDjf bQ 7) spsrkc mrfbhD -ˆv sjhtmfÛ sn jfu jvf, kf Wqfsuh rWqfv ltDt rsk ifsv bf. spmb rfnfb -sj k]fv sn lczf dw[f slWqfW, kf Wqfsuh rWqfv ltDt bq. nckvfQ …Ùm rt iakAr (iaskAj vfsÛ) dhkXsv jcbCk bf iVf. (mcm} 4/27) zfv ƒmfm nfsrshvW …dyk, jJsbf jJsbf kf huGb jvf. pfsk nfLfvB stfj dhkXsv jcbCk iVfsj Wqfsuh msb jsv bf hsn.

ƒƒƒmmmfffsssmmmvvv nnnfffsssKKK bbbfffmmmfffppp ssswwwNNN jjjvvvfffvvv mmmfffrrrfffkkk¹¹¹ AAA }}} sp hAdÙÁ ufmfzfskv ƒmfsmv diYsb vfskv djYc zQw kfvfhDr iVsh ˆhQ ƒmfm swN jvst snW swN jvsh (zKGf{, k]fv zfso hf isv swN jvsh bf), kfv sbjDv Jfkfq iCBG vfk bfmfp iVfv nWqfh dtdihÝ rsh. mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ƒmfsmv nfsK bfmfp isV ˆhQ kfv bfmfp swN jvf ipG§À kfv nsÌ Kfsj (ƒdÙÁlf jsv), snƒ hAdÙÁv ubA nfvf vfdÛ djqfm jvfv nWqfh dtdihÝ jvf rq.« (zf}, nzflf} 1227, ndk} 646, nbf} 1514, nƒmf} 1327bQ) ˆƒ rflDsnv …iv dHdÙ jsv htf pfq sp, pdl sjfb stfj ƒmfsmv nfsK 8 vfjzfk bfmfp isV ˆhQ dhkXv bf isV ƒmfsmv nfsK bfmfp swN jsv bf, sn stfj …ÙÁ IpDtk ifWqfv zdLjfvD bq. klbcv™i pdl sjfb ƒmfm 21 vfjzfk kfvfhDr isVb ˆhQ k]fv iÇyfsk sj… 10 hf 12 vfjzfk isV ixKj rsq ˆjfjD dhkXv isV sbq, (jfvB kfv msk kfv sKsj shwD vfjzfk iVf ShL bq kfƒ) kfrst sn hAdÙÁW …ÙÁ mfrfk¹A ifWqfv rjlfv bq. i[f§Àsv sjfb mcndtsmv ubA nfoasr ncâk iftb jvsk dosq ufmfzfskv mfsU dhd¤Yâkf nxdó jvf ˆhQ ufmfzfk kAfo jsv yst pfWqf …dyk bq. …dyk rt, k]fv nfsK pJb 10 hf 12 vfjzfk iVt, kJb hfjD bfmfpefW k]fv nfsKƒ swN jvf. zfv ˆƒ shwD bfmfp iVfef (ncâk bf rstW) sjfb zShL hf zfidÙjv jfu bq. (bIt bfmfp shwD iVf dhlzfk skf bq; jfvB kf ShL rWqfv djYc ltDt skf vsqsY. zfv ˆ


101

jKf iCshG zfstfdyk rsqsY.) zkˆh hVsufv kf Hfstfv idvi§¿D zKhf ncâfrv dJtfi; pfsk ƒudkrflD mksHl rWqf zöfHfdhj bq. kfrst kf dbsq zfmfslv zfsifsnv mfsU zSbjA W dhsäN nxdó jvf ˆhQ ˆmb ƒudkrflD mfnzftfsj sj¦û jsv dbu mskv dhsvfLD i[sj hAÌ-dhû™i jvf zfslZ ShL bq. zfmfslv …dyk, pKfn©Hh zfmfslv mfsU ‰jA W nQrdk hufq vfJf. (mcm} 4/83-87 û})

uuufffmmmfffzzzfffssskkk bbbfffmmmfffppp iiiVVVfffvvv iiivvv ssswwwNNN vvvfffssskkk bbbfffmmmfffppp }}} pdl sjfb hAdÙÁ ƒmfsmv nfsK dhkXv iVfv iv swN vfsk zdkdvÙÁ bfmfp isV nhswsN dhkXv iVfv ubA ƒmfsmv nftfm dIvfv iv sn nftfm bf dIsv …sE zfv ˆj vfjzfk isV sufV hfdbsq sbq, kfrst kfsk sjfb slfN sbƒ. zfv ˆ hAdÙÁv ubA htf pfsh sp, sn ƒmfsmv nfsKƒ bfmfp swN jsvsY. zfv sp ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp sn shwD isVsY, kf wvqD öfsKGƒ; pfsk kfv dhkXv vfskv bfmfspv swN bfmfp rq. zkˆh kf slfNfhr bq. zhwA …Ùm rt, ƒmfsmv nsÌƒ dhkXv iVf, k]fv nsÌƒ bfmfp swN jvf ˆhQ kfviv zfv kfrfÏcl bf iVf. spsrkc nfrfhfoB pJb mrfbhD -ˆv dbje hfjD vfkecjc bfmfp idVsq slWqfv ubA zfshlb ufbfstb, kJb dkdb htstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ƒmfsmv nfsK bfmfp isV ˆhQ kfv bfmfp swN jvf ipG§À kfv nsÌ Kfsj (ƒdÙÁlf jsv), snƒ hAdÙÁv ubA nfvf vfdÛ djqfm jvfv nWqfh dtdihÝ jvf rq.« (zf}, nzflf} 1227, ndk} 646, nbf} 1514, nƒmf} 1327bQ) htf hfùtA ˆsk ƒdÌk vsqsY sp, ƒmfsmv nfsKƒ bfmfp isV swN jvfefƒ …Ùm. jfvB, dkdb k]fslvsj dhkXv sYsV dlsq swN vfsk djqfm jvfv dbslGw slbdb. zfv kfv jfvB rt, ƒmfsmv nfsK ˆƒecjc djqfsmƒ skf nkAis[ nfvf vfdÛ ufovB jsv bfmfp iVfv nWqfh zuGb rsq pfsh. dhwafm jvf nsÙ¶W idvwam jvfv nWqfh dtJf rsh. hf²Àsh ˆde ˆjde hV sbqfmk! (mcm} 4/88) smfe jKf, ƒmfm vfsk djYc zQw bfmfp iVst ufmfzfskv ubA djYc zQwƒ bfmfp iVf …Ùm ˆhQ dkdb nfvf vfdÛ bfmfp iVst njstv ubA snefƒ …Ùm. ˆ YfVf ƒmfm bf iVst ˆjfjD jfsvf ubA nfvfvfdÛ bfmfp iVf …Ùm bq.

kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrrvvv uuufffmmmfffzzzfffssskkk ˆwwwfffvvv bbbfffmmmfffppp }}} kfvfhDrv bfmfspv ufmfzfk ytfjfst sj… ˆwfv bfmfp bf iVf zh²¿fq mndusl ˆst kfv ubA ˆjfjD hf ixKj ufmfzfk jsv ˆwfv bfmfp iVf ShL bq. hvQ kfv …dyk rt, ˆwfv dbqsk ufmfzfsk wfdmt rWqf. zk}iv ƒmfm nftfm dIsv dlst ˆwfv hfjD bfmfp ˆjfjD isV sbWqf. kfviv ˆwfv iv 2 vfjzfk ncâfsk mczfÄflfv dbqsk ƒmfsmv nfsK 2 vfjzfk iVf. kfviv kfvfhDrv dbqsk hfjD bfmfp iVf. ˆ s[sÛ ƒmfm-mcÙÁflDv dbqk dHâ rstW sjfb [dk sbƒ. spsrkc bIt bfmfpDv iÇyfsk Ivp bfmfp iVf ShL. (nftfkf} 44-45ix}, mcm} 4/91) nfrfhD mczfp dhb ufhft


mrfbhD -ˆv nfsK ˆwfv bfmfp iVskb. zk}iv dkdb dIsv dosq dbsuv ufmfzfskv (‰ bfmfspvƒ) ƒmfmdk jvskb. (hc} 700, mc} 465, hf} 3/86, lfvf} 1062bQ) Ivp isV sbWqfv iv mczfspv sn bfmfp dYt bIt. iv§Â zfïfrv bhD k]fv ˆ jfsu sjfb zfidÙ iajfw jsvbdb. zkˆh hcUf sot sp, bIt bfmfpDv iÇyfsk Ivp bfmfp iVf ShL. ˆ YfVf n¶ftfsk JfWsI mrfbhD ˆjltsj dbsq 2 vfjzfk bfmfp isV nftfm dIsvsYb. zk}iv zfv ˆjltsj dbsq dkdb 2 vfjzfk bfmfp isV nftfm dIsvsYb. (nzflf} 1112bQ) …Hq bfmfspv msLA k]fv iaKm bfmfpde dYt Ivp ˆhQ däkDqde bIt; zfv k]fv iÇyfskv stfjslv sn bfmfp dYt Ivp.

jjjfffsssYYYvvv mmmnnnddduuulll sssYYYsssVVV lll CC C sssvvvvvv mmmnnnddduuussslll bbbfffmmmfffppp }}} jfsYv mnduslv ƒmfsmv pdl dj¶vfzfk Hfstf bf rq, kfrst nc¦lv dj¶vfzfk hf ncmLcv zfWqfsuv ubA lCsvv mndusl dosq bfmfp iVfq sjfb slfN sbƒ. zhwA ˆsk …sÜwA rsh, ncmLcv dj¶vfzfsk kfv bfmfsp dhbq-bmakf hxdÝ ifsh ˆhQ sn bfmfsp idvkxå rsq kfv r™lq iawf§À rsh. zfv Jhvlfv! kfsk spb msb sjfb iajfv sJqft-JcwD hf jfsvf iadk JfmfJf dhsäN zKhf zbAfq slfNfsvfi bf Kfsj. klbcv™i pdl jfsvf lCsvv mndusl pfWqfv …sÜwA shwD ils[siv Ist shwD shwD nWqfh sbWqf rq, kfrst kfW ˆjde mr{ …sÜwA. (nftfkf} 9-10ix}) zbcv™iHfsh pdl jfsYv mnduslv ƒmfm ndEjHfsh (pKfdbqsm v¢jC-dnulfr jvfv nfsK) bfmfp bf isV, zKhf sjfb dhlzfkD zfmt zKhf sjfb iajfwA IfsnjD jmGslfsN zdHpcÙÁ rb, kfrstW k]fv iÇyfsk bfmfp bf isV lCsvv mndusl Hfstf ƒmfsmv diYsb bfmfp iVsk pfWqf lCNBDq bq. ksh nkjGkfv dhNq sp, pdl ˆjfsu ifw¶GhkGD mndul idvkAÙÁ rWqfv dYûiKv™si oBA rq zKhf sn mnduslv ƒmfsmv msb hAKf ifWqfv zfwËf rq, kfrst lCvhkGD mndusl pfWqf ShL bq. jfvB, zfècïfr dhb …mfv jkGxj hdBGk sp, mrfbhD hstsYb, ªstfsj spb kfv ifw¶GhkGD mndusl bfmfp isV ˆhQ ˆ mndul sn mndul jsv bf shVfq.« (k¶fh}, dnn} 2200bQ) htf hfùtA, dbsNL zmfbA jsv sjfb IpDtk hf mfrfk¹A zuGb n©Hh bq. kfYfVf …ÙÁ jfsu ‰ Hfstf ƒmfmW dIkbfq (ohG hf zrdmjfq) iVsk ifsvb. nckvfQ nfhLfb! (jfbfdmvf} 22-23ix} eDjf, mfvdhqfkc lczf-ƒ Jfkdmt jcvzfb, F} hfjXv zfhC pfql 80-81ix})

kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrr WWW ssswwwNNN lllwwwsssjjjvvv dddjjjqqqfffsssmmmvvv mmmfffsssUUU iiifffKKK GG GjjjAAA }}} kfvfhDr W swN lwsjv djqfmct tfƒstv mfsU vfjzfk nQJAf W dbqm-iÝdkv dlj sKsj sjfb ifKGjA sbƒ. …Hq bfmfp ˆj W zdHâ. (ksh nfLfvBk} ˆwfv iv iVst kfvfhDr ˆhQ mLA vfdÛv iv iVst djqfmct tfƒt htf rq.) swN lwsjW ‰ 11 vfjzfkƒ bfmfp ncâk. jfvB, mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `dkdb vmpfsb ˆhQ zbAfbA


103

mfsnW 11 vfjzfk zsi[f shwD bfmfp iVskb bf.' (hc} 1147, mc} 738bQ) ˆJfsb dkdb swN lwsj ixKj vfjzfk nQJAfv jKf …sïJ jsvb db. nckvfQ vmpfsbv njt vfsÛƒ 11 vfjzfk djqfm iVfƒ …Ùm. ksh swN lwsj ‰ bfmfp shwD lDOG rsh. spsrkc vnCt ‰ swN lwsj nfvf nfvf vfk bfmfp iVskb. rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `swN lwj ˆsn iashw jvst bhD dbsuv tcdÌ sh]sL dbskb, kfv vfdÛ ufovB jvskb ˆhQ dbu idvhfvsj ufofskb.' (hc} 2024, mc} 1174bQ) jfvB, swN lwsj vsqsY hjGkmq vfdÛ wshjlv. sp vfdÛ rfufv mfn zsi[fW …Ùm. zkˆh ˆ vfkÈdtsk bfmfp tìf rWqfƒ hfÒbDq. zKGf{, ‰ 11 vfjzfk bfmfpsj ˆwfv iv sKsj ðv¢ jsv Iusvv iafq 1 O¦ef zfso ipG§À tìf jsv iVfƒ …Ùm. dj§Â pdl mnduslv ufmfzfk ˆk lDOG vfjzfk iVsk jóshfL jsv, dj¶vfzfk, v¢jC W dnulfr kKf vfjzfk sYfe jvsk W snƒ drnfsh kfv nQJAf shwD jvsk iY¦l jsv ˆhQ hst, êfƒ zfmfslv ubA nru, kfrst kfslv msk kfƒ jvf ƒmfsmv ubA slfNfhr bq. ˆ hAfifsv mrfbhD -ˆv hAfij dbslGw rt, ªskfmvf nru jv ˆhQ jdEb jsvf bf.« (hc} 69, mc} 1734bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªskfmfslv sj… stfsjslv ƒmfmdk jvst, sn spb bfmfp rfîf jsv isV.---« (zf}, hc} 703bQ, mc} 467bQ, dk}) nckvfQ dhNqde pJb Lvfh]fLf dbdNÝ sjfb dhNq bq, kJb zfïfr zfmfslvsj pfslv lfdqk¶ ialfb jsvsYb, kfslv ubA nru jvfefƒ …Ùm W swaôkv. (û} 4/71-72, nftfkf} 16ix})

dddjjjqqqfffmmmcc cttt tttfffƒƒƒttt---ˆvvv jjjfffpppfff }}} sp hAdÙÁ sjfb Wpvhwk} vfskv bfmfp (kfvfhDr, kfrfÏcl hf djqfm) iVsk ncspfo bf ifq, sn pdl dlsb kf jfpf jsv sbq, kfrst kf kfv ubA ShL ˆhQ kfsk nWqfh W IpDtkW zfsY. ksh dhkXv nr sn jfpf kfsj sufV hfdbsq iVsk rsh. htf hfùtA, kfv zHAfn mk 11 vfjzfk djqfm Ycse sost, dlsbv shtfq Iuv W spfrsvv mLAhkGD nmsq 12 vfjzfk bfmfp jfpf iVsh. mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, bhD -ˆv kfrfÏcl Ocm hf hAKf-shlbf ƒkAfdl jfvsB Ycse sost dlsb 12 vfjzfk jfpf iVskb. (mc} 746bQ) rpvk …mfv dhb JfÙfh iamcJf{ hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ kfv (iCBG) zpDIf (kfrfÏcslv bfmfp, jcvzfb ƒkAfdl) zKhf kfv djYc zQw svsJ Ocdmsq pfq, dj§Â kf pdl Iuv W spfrsvv bfmfspv mLAhkDG nmsq zflfq jsv sbq ksh kfv ubA iCBG nWqfhƒ dtdihÝ jvf rq, spb sn ‰ zpDIf vfsÛƒ n©iâ jsvsY.« (mc} 747bQ, nczf, ƒJc})

222 ... nnnllljjjfffrrr hhhfff lllfffbbb jjjvvvfff


vmpfb mfsn sp njt jmG jvf mcndtsmv ubA zdLjkv jkGhA, kfv msLA nljfr hf lfb jvf zbAkm. nmsqv mpGflf ÈsB vmpfb mfsn lfsbv ixKj mfrfk¹A W ShdwóA vsqsY. ˆ jfvsBƒ zfïfrv vnCt zbAfbA mfsn nhfv yfƒsk shwD lfb jvskb; dj§Â nhsysq shwD lfb jvskb ˆƒ vmpfb mfsn. zfv ˆmdbsk dkdb jtAfB öv™i siadvk hfqC sKsjW zdLj lfbwDt dYstb. (û} hc} 6, mc} 2307bQ) zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ (kfv) ShL …ifsq …ifduGk zKG sKsj ˆjde sJucv idvmfBW djYc lfb jsv - zfv zfïfr skf ShL zKG YfVf zbA djYc oarBƒ jsvb bf - sn hAdÙÁv ‰ lfbsj zfïfr Ffb rfsk oarB jsvb. zk}iv kf ‰ hAdÙÁv ubA tftb-iftb jsvb spmb skfmfslv sj… kfv zw¶-wfhjsj tftb-iftb jsv Kfsj. idvswsN kf ifrfsVv mk rsq pfq.« (hcJfvD1410bQ, mcndtm 1014bQ)

333 ... ƒƒƒIIIkkkfffvvv jjjvvvfffsssbbbfff vmpfb mfsn zfv ˆjde mr{ jfu rt svfpflfv mfbcNsj ƒIkfv jvfsbf. svfpflfv ovDh srfj zKhf LbD, hác srfj zKhf zfk¹Dq zKhf lCsvv sj…, zKhf bf srfj djYc Jfƒsq kfsj ƒIkfv jvfst kfsk hV …ijfv vsqsY njstv ubA. spsrkc ƒIkfvDv ˆƒ JcwDv nmq njst nmshk rsq ˆsj zbAsj ItianC bnDrk jvsk ifsv. zfv kfv Ist kfslv mfsU nxdó rq ifv±idvj n©iaDdk, nrfbcHCdk, nQrdk W lqfûGkf. kfYfVf ˆsk vsqsY iaycv nWqfh. pfql dhb Jfstl ucrfbD rsk hdBGk, bhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb svfpflfvsj ƒIkfv jvfq snƒ hAdÙÁW ‰ svfpflfsvv nmidvmfBƒ nWqfh zuGb jsv. zfv ˆsk ‰ svfpflfsvv nWqfh djdÑ{ idvmfBW jm rsq pfq bf.« (dk} 806, bf}, ƒmf} 1746, ƒJc}, ƒdr}, nkf} 1065 bQ) ntIslv zsbsjƒ svfpf Kfjsk dbsuv ƒIkfvD zivsj lfb jvskb. k]fslv msLA ˆjub rstb, zfècïfr dhb …mfv , lf†l k¶f„, mfstj dhb lDbfv, zfrmfl dhb rfìt, iamcJ. zfècïfr dhb …mfv djYc ˆkDm W dmnjDb YfVf ˆjfjD ƒIkfv jvskb bf. zfv pdl sjfb dlb dkdb ufbsk ifvskb sp, k]fv idvhfv kfslvsj k]fv jfsY zfnsk hfLf dlsqsY hf kfslvsj dIdvsq dlsqsY, kfrst sn dlb zfv ƒIkfvƒ jvskb bf! zfhcn nfWqfv zflfhD hstb, zflD hQswv djYc stfj dYstb, p]fvf ˆƒ mndusl bfmfp iVskb; k]fslv msLA sj…ƒ sjfb Jfhfv äfvf ˆjfjD ƒIkfv jvskb bf. pdl nsÌ JfWqfv stfj siskb, kfrst sJskb. bsy{, k]fslv ƒIkfvD dbsq mndusl ˆsn stfsjslv nfsK sJskb ˆhQ stfsjvf k]fslv nfsK ƒIkfvD jvk. (jfbfvf} 15ix} û})

4. jcvzfb sktfzk

vmpfb mfn jcvzfsbv mfn. ªvmpfb mfn; sp mfsn mfbcsNv dlwfvD ˆhQ n{isKv ±ió


105

dblwGb W nkAfnskAv ifKGjAjfvDv™si jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY.« (jc} 2/185) duhvDt vmpfsbv iaskAj vfsÛ mrfbhD -ˆv nfsK nf[f{ jsv k]fsj jcvzfb ifE jvfskb. (hc} 6, mc} 2308bQ) rpvk Ifdkmf (vf}) hstb, zfêf hstsYb sp, duhvDt iaskAj hYv ˆjhfv jsv k]fv …iv jcvzfb siw jvskb (isV ðbfskb). dj§Â k]fv ƒd§Àjfstv hYsv lcƒhfv jcvzfb siw jsvb. (hc} 1088ix}) …isvfÙÁ rflDnäq sKsj ˆƒ dbslGw ifWqf pfq sp, vmpfb mfsn jcvzfb iEb-ifEb jvf, ˆ …sÜswA umfsqk rWqf ˆhQ zsi[fjxk hV rfsIp hf jfvDv jfsY jcvzfb siw jvf (drIXp icbvfhxdÙ jvf) mc²Àfrfh. zfv kfsk ˆ jKfvW ltDt vsqsY sp, vmpfb mfsn shwD shwD jsv jcvzfb sktfzk jvf …Ùm. iaKsmfÙÁ rflDn sKsj ufbf pfq sp, duhvDt mrfbhD -ˆv nfsK vfdÛsk jcvzfb icbvfhxdÙ jvskb. zfv kfsk hcUf pfq sp, vmpfsbv vfsk zdLjfdLj jcvzfb sktfzk jvf mc²Àfrfh. spsrkc vfsk sjfb vjm hA²Àkf Kfsj bf, vfsk ƒhflk jvsk msbv …ÜDibf ncnQhÝ Kfsj ˆhQ r™lq-mb W vnbf jcvzfb …itdé jvsk nmiaqfnD

rq. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ) القي مطأ وأقود وأش ل هيإن ناشئة اللي (

zKGf{, dbÇyq vfdÛ ufovB msbv ˆjfoakf W r™lqÌsmv ubA zdkwq zbcjCt. (jc} 73/6) ntsI nfstrDb vmpfb mfsn shwD shwD jcvzfb ifE jvskb. k]fslv sj… sj… iaskAj 3 vfsk djqfsm iCBG jcvzfb Jkm jvskb. sj… sj… Jkm jvskb 7 vfsk; ˆ]slv msLA jfkflfr zbAkm. djYc ntI 10 vfsk Jkm jvskb; ˆ]slv msLA zfhC vfuf …kfdvlD zbAkm. zfnWqfl vmpfsbv iaskAj 2 vfsk jcvzfb Jkm jvskb. bfJqD vmpfsbv swN lwsj 2 vfsk ˆhQ kfv iCshG 3 vfsk jcvzfb Jkm jvskb. vmpfb mfn iashw jvst pcrvD htskb, `ˆ mfn skf jcvzfb sktfzk ˆhQ dmnjDbslvsj JflA lfb jvfv mfn.' ƒmfm mfstj vmpfb ˆst rflDn iVf ˆhQ zfrst ƒtXmslv ShEsj hnf hfl dlsq mcnrfI slsJ jcvzfb iVsk pk´hfb rskb. ncdIqfb nWvD vmpfb mfn iashw jvst njt ƒhflk kAfo jsv jcvzfb sktfzk jvsk iaqfnD rskb. (tfmf} ƒhsb vuh 172, 179, 181-182 ix}, jfbfdmvf} 48-49ix}, jfbfvf} 17ix}, rfnf} 11ix} û}) ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, 2 vfsk jcvzfb Jkm jvf dhsLq bq. jfvB mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ 3 vfskv jsm jcvzfb isV, sn kf hcsU bf.« (zflf}, dk}, ƒmf}, lf}, nuf} 7743bQ) dj§Â ƒhsb vuh (v}) hstb, 3 vfskv jm nmsq jcvzfb iVsk sp dbsNL ˆsnsY, kf zfnst dbqdmkHfsh nfvf hYsv jvst dbdNÝ. bsy{, mpGflf W mfrfk¹AiCBG nmq; spmb vmpfb mfsn ˆhQ dhswN jsv sp njt vfsÛ wshjlv zbcnáfb jvf rq sn njt vfsÛ zKhf mpGflf W mfrfk¹AiCBG ²¿fb; spmb mÄfq hdrvfok hAdÙÁv ubA shwD shwD jsv jcvzfb sktfzk jvf mc²Àfrfh. pfsk mpGflf W mfrfk¹AiCBG ‰ nmq W ²¿fsbv pKfKG jlv jvf rq. ˆ jKf hstsYb zfrmfl, ƒnrfj iamcJ ƒmfmoB. zfv ˆvƒ …iv zfmt


rt zbAfbAslv; spmb …ipGcÙÁ …Ýxdk äfvf sn jKf ±ió rq. (jfbfdmvf} 48-49ix}, jfbfvf} 17ix}, rfnf} 11ix} û}) ˆ jKf zdhdlk bq sp, sp jcvzfb sktfzk sktfzkjfvDv ubA nmAjX …ijfvD, kf rt kfv zfqfskv zKG, zfslw W dbsNL zbcLfhb jsv W hcsU sktfzk. nckvfQ sktfzkjfvD pdl ˆmb sjfb zfqfk isV, pfsk zfïfr kfsj djYcv zfslw jsvsYb, kfrst kf iftb jsv. zbcv™i ˆmb sjfb zfqfk isV, pfsk zfïfr kfsj djYc dbsNL jsvsYb, kfrst kf huGb jsv W kf sKsj dhvk rq. sjfb vrmskv zfqfk sktfzk jvst zfïfrv jfsY vrmk dH[f jsv ˆhQ k]fv dbje lqfv zfwf jsv. zfpfshv zfqfk ifE jvst zfïfrv dbje kf sKsj ifbfr yfq ˆhQ k]fv wfd²Àsj Hq jsv. sp sktfzkjfvD ˆmb jsv, zfnst snƒ jcvzfb zbcLfhb jsv ˆhQ kfv …iv zfmt jsv. zfv kfvƒ ubA jcvzfb rsh öis[v ltDt. i[f§Àsv sp sktfzkjfvD jcvzfb zbcpfqD zfmt jsv bf, sn kfsk …ijxkW rq bf. zfv jcvzfb kfv dhv¢sÝ ltDt rsq pfsh. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

ë=≈ tGÏ. çµ≈sΨ ø9u“Ρ r& y7ø‹ s9Î) Ô8 u≈ t6 ãΒ (#ÿρã −/£‰u‹ Ïj9 ⎯ Ïµ ÏG≈tƒ#u™ uª.x‹ tF uŠÏ9uρ (#θ ä9'ρ é& É=≈ t6 ø9F{ $# ∩⊄®∪

zKGf{, zfdm ˆƒ hjGkmq djkfh skfmfv iadk zhkDBG jsvdY, pfsk mfbcN ˆv zfqfknmCr zbcLfhb jsv ˆhQ shfLwdÙÁ-n©iâ hAdÙÁoB …islw oarB jsv. (jc} 38/29) (ƒkrfI} 51-52ix} û}) mndusl jcvzfb sktfzk jvst ˆmb …¤yösv jvf …dyk bq, pfsk bfmfpDslv dFófhG rq. spsrkc mrfbhD ˆ hAfifsv dbsNL jsv hstb, ªzhwAƒ bfmfpD k]fv iaHcv jfsY mcbfufk jsv. zkˆh kfv t[A jvf …dyk, sn dj dlsq k]fv jfsY mcbfufk jvsY. zfv skfmfslv sj… spb zisvv jfsY …¤yösv jcvzfb bf isV.« (zf}, k¶fh}, nzflf} 1203bQ, nuf} 1951bQ) (pfnfIfjf} 19ix}) zsbsjv msb iaw´ ufosk ifsv sp, jcvzfb iVf Hft, bfdj swfbf Hft. zfnst …Ùm rt kfƒ jvf, pf msbfspfsov ubA ˆhQ iaHfhfd¦hk rWqfv dlj sKsj shwD …Ùm. jfvB, sktfzskv …sÜwA rt, zfqfskv zKG zbcLfhb, r™lqÌm W mrfb zfïfrv djkfh zbcpfqD zfmt. (nftfkf} 46ix}) nfLfvBHfsh jcvzfb sktfzskv vsqsY dhwft mpGflf ˆhQ dhvfe nWqfh. mrfbhD hstb, ªskfmvf jcvzfb ifE jv. sjb bf kf djqfmskv dlb kfv ifEjfvDslv ubA ncifdvwjfvDv™si …id²¿k rsh. ---« (mc}, zf}, nuf} 1165bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv djkfh rsk ˆjde mfÛ z[v ifE jsv sn hAdÙÁ ˆjde sbjD tfH jsv. zfv ˆjde sbjD lwocB hdLGk jvf rq. zfdm htdY bf sp, `zfdtI-tfm-mDm' ˆjde z[v. hvQ `zfdtI' ˆjde z[v, `tfm' ˆjde z[v ˆhQ `mDm' ˆjde z[v.« (hc} kfvDJ, dk}, rf}, nuf} 6469 bQ)

jcvzfb sktfzskv nmq jfâf }


107

ƒmfm bWhD hstb, jcvzfb sktfzskv nmq jfâf jvf `zfsvIDb' (zfïfr nìsá nmAjX Îfsbv zdLjfvD) mfbcNslv ÈB ˆhQ sbj stfjslv iakDj. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

إ ن ال ذ ي ن أ و ت وا ال ع ل م م ن ق ب ل ه إ ذ ا ت ت ل ى ع ل ي ه م ي خ ر و ن ل أل ذ ق ان س ج دا ، و ي ق و ل و ن س ب ح ان ر ب ن ا (( إ ن ك ان و ع د ر ب ن ا ل م ف ع و ال ، و ي خ ر و ن ل أل ذ ق ان ي ب ك و ن و ي ز ي د ه م خ ش و عا ((

zKGf{, ˆv iCshG pfslvsj Îfb slWqf rsqsY kfslv dbje pJb kf ifE jvf rq, kJbƒ kfvf dnulfq tcdesq isV. kfvf hst, zfmfslv iadkiftjƒ idhÛkm, zfmfslv iadkiftsjv iadkwa¢dk zhwAƒ jfpGjvD rsh. kfvf j]flsk j]flsk HCdmsk tcdesq (dnulfq) isV ˆhQ kfslv kf kfslv dhbq hxdÝ jsv. (jc} 17/108-109) dkdb zfsvf hstb,

أ ول ئ ك ال ذ ي ن أ ن ع م اهللا ع ل ي ه م م ن الن ب ي ي ن م ن ذ ر ي ة آد م و م م ن ح م ل ن ا م ع ن و ح و م ن ذ ر ي ة (( إ ب ر اه ي م و إ س ر ائ ي ل و م م ن ه د ي ن ا و اج ت ب ي ن ا إ ذ ا ت ت ل ى ع ل ي ه م آي ات الر ح م ن خ ر و ا س ج دا و ب ك ي ا ((

zKGf{, ˆvfƒ zflm-hQswv z§ÀoGk bhDoB; pfslvsj zfïfr zbcoxrDk jsvsYb ˆhQ pfslvsj zfdm bCsrv nfsK djñDsk zfsvfrB jdvsqdYtfm ˆhQ ƒhvfrDm W ƒnvf„t-hQswv z§ÀoGk ˆhQ pfslvsj zfdm nciKofmD W msbfbDk jsvdYtfm; pJb kfslv dbje ivm lqfmsqv zfqfk ifE jvf rk, kJb kfvf j]flsk j]flsk dnulfq idkk rk. (jc} 19/58) zfècïfr dhb mfn†l hstb, ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt zfmfsj htstb, ªzfmfsj jcvzfb isV ðbfW.« zfdm httfm, `zfdm zfibfsj jcvzfb ðbfh zKy kf zfibfv …isvƒ zhkDBG rsqsY?!' dkdb htstb, ªzfdm zisvv dbje kf ðbsk iY¦l jdv.« ƒhsb mfn†l hstb, zkˆh zfdm nCvf dbnf iVsk ðv¢ jvtfm. zk}iv pJb ˆƒ zfqfsk si]ZYtfm,

ف ك ي ف إ ذ ا ج ئ ن ا م ن ك ل أ م ة ب ش ه ي د و ج ئ ن ا ب ك ع ل ى ه ؤ ال ء ش ه ي دا (( (( zKGf{, zb§Àv kJb dj lwf rsh pJb zfdm iaskAj …©mk sKsj ˆjub nf[D …id²¿k jvh ˆhQ skfmfsj kfslv …iv nf[Dv™si zfbqb jvh. (jc} 4/41)

kJb dkdb htstb, ªpsKó.« zfdm k]fv iadk kfdjsq slJtfm, k]fv y[c lcde sKsj zwa¢ UvsY. (hc} 4768, mc} 800bQ)

zfhC ùvfƒvf hstb, pJb ˆƒ zfqfk zhkDBG rt,

أ ف م ن ه ذ ا ال (( ح د ي ث ت ع ج ب و ن ، و ت ض ح ك و ن و ال ت ب ك و ن (( zKGf{, ksh dj skfmvf ˆ jKfq dh±mq shfL jvY? rfnY ˆhQ jfâf jvY bf?! (jc} 53/59-60)


kJb zfrtcn ncIXIfv (6)njst `ƒâf dtïfdr zƒâf ƒtfƒdr vfsu†b' hst j]flsk tfostb ˆhQ k]fslv syfsJv ifdb oft shsq hƒsk tfot. k]fslv jfâfv wè ðsb mrfbhD -W j]flsk tfostb. k]fv jfâf slsJ zfmvfW tfotfm j]flsk. zk}iv zfïfrv vnCt htstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv Hsq j]fsl, sn hAdÙÁ ufrfâfsm iashw jvsh bf.« (kjc} 9/80) ˆjlf ƒhsb …mfv nCvf mck¶fIdIIDb ifE jvstb. dkdb pJb ˆƒ zfqfsk

si]ZYstb } )) مقوي موي نالميالع بلر الناس (( (zKGf{, spdlb nm²À mfbcN dhw¶-ufrfsbv iadkiftsjv n©mcsJ làfqmfb rsh.) kJb j]flsk tfostb ˆhQ j]flsk j]flsk mfdesk tcdesq iVstb. zk}iv zhdwó nCvf iVf rsk dhvk Kfjstb. (jfbfvf} 19ix} û})

5. …mvfr vmpfb mfsn …mvfr jvf hV IpDtkiCBG nWqfshv jfu. mrfbhD hstb, ªzhwAƒ vmpfsbv …mvfr ˆjde rÏ zKhf zfmfv nfsK ˆjde rÏ jvfv nmkctA.« (hc} 1863, mc} 1256bQ)

6. swN lwsjv zfmt W ƒhflk mrfbhD vmpfsbv swN lwsj ƒhflk jvsk sp smrbk W syóf jvskb, mfsnv zbAfbA dlbÈdtsk kf jvskb bf. (mc} 1175bQ) mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, vmpfsbv swN lwj ˆsn …id²¿k rst zfïfrv vnCt (ƒhflskv ubA) dbsuv sjfmv (tcdÌ) sh]sL dbskb, nfvfvfdÛ ufovB jvskb ˆhQ zfib idvubsjW ufofskb.« (hc} 2024bQ, zf} 6/41, zflf} 1376, bf} 1639, ƒmf} 1768, ƒJc} 2214bQ) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, dkdb dbsu nfvfvfdÛ ufovB jvskb ˆhQ zfib idvubsjW ufofskb. ƒhflsk smrbk jvskb ˆhQ sjfmv (hf tcdÌ) sh]sL dbskb. (mc} 1174bQ)

(j) mrfbhD vmpfsbv swN lwsj zdkdvÙÁ djYc ˆmb zfmt jvskb, pf mfsnv zbAfbA dlbÈdtsk jvskb bf. spmb, dkdb vfdÛ ufovB jvskb. n©Hhk} dkdb nfvfvfdÛ ufoskb; zKGf{ icsvf vfkefƒ bfmfp ƒkAfdlsk mwÈt Kfjskb. zKhf dkdb icsvf vfkefƒ djqfm jvskb. zhwA ˆvƒ msLA dkdb vfskv Jfhfv W snrvD sJskb. ˆ s[sÛ vfdÛ ufovsBv mfsb rsh zdLjfQw hf iafq n©iCBG vfkefƒ ufoskb. zfv mf zfsqwfv ˆjde jKf ˆƒ hAfJAfv nmKGb jsv. dkdb hstb, zfdm ufdb bf sp, dkdb sjfb vfdÛ Iuv ipG§À djqfm jsvsYb. (mc} 746, bf} 1641bQ)

(٦)k]fvf dYstb djYc db}ö (mcrfsuvDb) nfrfhD, p]fslv Kfjfv mk sjfb Ov-hfdV dYt bf. k]fvf mndusl bhhDv nfmsbv ncIXIfq (slfyftfq) sJsq-bf sJsq hfn jvskb ˆhQ mrfbhDv jfsY ƒtXm dw[f jvskb.


109

(J) mrfbhD ˆƒ vfkÈdtsk bfmfp iVfv ubA dbsuv idvhfsvv njtsj ufofskb. zfv ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, dkdb hYsvv zbAfbA mfsnW idvhfvsj bfmfspv ubA ufofskb. kfrfÏcl iVfv swsN dhkXv iVfv zfso zfsqwf (vf})sj ufofskb. (hc} 952bQ) sjfb sjfb vfsk zftD W Ifskmfv dbje …id²¿k rsq htskb, ªskfmvf dj …sE bfmfp iVsh bf?« (zf} 1/112, hc} 1127, mc} 775bQ) dj§Â dkdb kfslvsj vfsÛv djYc zQw bfmfp iVfv ubA ufofskb. htf hfùtA, hYsvv zbAfbA vfskv kctbfq swN lwsjv vfkÈdtsk ufofsbf dYt dHâkv. (û} lcvf} 86ix})

(o) mrfbhD swN lwsjv vfkÈdtsk dbsuv tcdÌ sh]sL dbskb. ˆ jKfq ƒdÌsk k]fv ƒhflskv ubA iCBG ia²Âdk ˆhQ dyvfydvk zHAfsnv kctbfq zdkdvÙÁ iasyófsj hcUfsbf rsqsY. zKGf{, dkdb sjfmsv jfiV sh]sL ƒhflsk stso spskb. zKhf kfsk ƒdÌsk ²ÃD-nQ±iwG W nrhfn kAfo jvfv jKf hcUfsbf rsqsY. zfv ˆƒ hcUefƒ ndEjkv hst msb rq. jfvB, dpdb ƒhflskv ubA vfk ufoshb ˆhQ ²ÃDsj ufofshb, k]fv zfhfv ‰ dlsj mb pfsh sjb? kfYfVf mcnbfsl zfrmfslv ˆj hBGbfq zftD -ˆv rflDsn zfsvf ˆjec ±ió jsv htf rsqsY, ªdkdb tcdÌ kcst dbskb.« ˆƒ rflDsnv ˆj hBGbfjfvD zfhC hfjXvsj duÎfnf jvf rt, ªdkdb tcdÌ kcst dbskb.« ˆ jKfv zKG dj? …Ùsv dkdb htstb, zKGf{ dkdb ²ÃDoB sKsj ixKj rsq spskb. (zf} 1/132, 1103bQ, ƒzfwf} 9544bQ) i[f§Àsv mf zfsqwf (vf})ˆv ˆj hBGbfq zdk ±ió HfNfq htf rsqsY sp, ªdkdb tcdÌ sh]sL dbskb ˆhQ ²ÃDoB sKsj ixKj rsq spskb.« (zf} 6/67, 24258bQ)

mrfb zfïfr hstb, )) ف اآلن ب اش ر و ه ن و اب ت غ و ا م ا ك ت ب اهللا ل ك م ((

zKGf{, ˆ[sB (vmpfsbv vfsk) skfmvf ²ÃD-omb jv ˆhQ zfïfr skfmfslv ubA pf dhdLhÝ jsvsYb kf zbcnáfb jv. (jc} 2/187)

ntIslv ˆjde ufmfzfk …ÙÁ zfqfskv kInDsv hstb sp, ˆJfsb …sÜwA rt wshjlv zbcnáfb jvf. nckvfQ kfv mfsb rt, mrfb zfïfr pJb vmpfsbv vfsk Iusvv zfso ipG§À ²ÃD-omb rftft jvstb, kJbƒ snƒ nfsK wshjlv zbcnáfb jvsk zfslw jsvsYb. pfsk mcndtmvf ˆ mfsnv icsvf vfkefƒ rftft ²ÃD-sjdtsk jfdesq bf slq ˆhQ kfv Ist wshjlv sKsj kfvf hdÑk bf rsq pfq. kfƒ ShL spZbfyfsvv nfsK nfsK kfrfÏcl isV wshjlv zbcnáfb jvskW zfslw jvstb svfpflfvsj; dhswN jsv snƒ njt vfsÛ, spÈdtsk wshjlv rWqfv zfwf Kfsj. ˆƒ ubAƒ mrfbhD vmpfsbv 20 kfvDsJv vfk ipG§À ²ÃD-nQnsoG Kfjskb. dj§Â kfviv 21swv vfk sKsjƒ dkdb k]fslv jfY sKsj ixKj rsq spskb ˆhQ wshjlv ifWqfv jfmbfq swN vfkÈdtsk icsvf vfkefƒ ˆjmb rsq ƒhflk jvskb. zkˆh zfmfslv …dyk rt, njt iajfv jtAfsB k]fvƒ zbcnvB jvf. mrfb zfïfr

hstb, )) ةنسة حول اهللا أسوسر في كان لكم لقد (( zKGf{, dbÇyq vnCtcïfrv msLA vsqsY skfmfslv ubA …Ùm zflwG. (jc} 33/21)


7. ƒ'dkjfI ƒ'dkjfsIv zKG } ƒ'dkjfsIv zfdHLfdbj zKG rt, sjfb dudbnsj zf]jsV Lvf ˆhQ kfsk dbsusj zfhÝ vfJf (vk Kfjf, mo´ Kfjf, dtå Kfjf); kfsk sn dudbn Hft srfj zKhf m¦l.

mrfb zfïfr hstb, )) ناكفوا عله متأن ل التياثيذه التما هم ((

zKGf{, (ƒhvfrDm kfv dikf W n©ialfqsj htt,) sp mCdkGÈstfv iCufq skfmvf vk zfY, (hf pfslv iCufvD rsq hsn zfY) sn Èstf dj? (jc} 21/52) zKGf{, skfmvf kfslv n©mcsJ làfqmfb rsq iCufq vk zfY. wvDqskv idvHfNfq zfïfrv SbjeA tfsHv zfwfq dhswN hAdÙÁv mnduslv msLA dbsusj zfhÝ svsJ snJfsb zh²¿fb jvf; kKf njt mfbcN W nQnfsvv njt jfujmG sKsj lCsv Kfjf ˆhQ nWqfshv jfu; bfmfp, dpjXv W jcvzfb sktfzk ƒkAfdl ƒhflskv ubA ˆjmb rWqfsj ƒ'dkjfI htf rq. (û} dInc} 1/419, zfnfƒ} 191ix}, kfƒvf} 26ix})

ƒ'dkjfsIv mfb } vmpfb mfsn jvBDq sp nh nWqfshv jmG dhswNHfsh kfjDliafå, kfv msLA ƒ'dkjfI zbAkm. ƒ'dkjfI snƒ njt ncâfrv ˆjde, pf iaskAj hYsvv ˆƒ vmpfb mfsn - dhswN jsv ˆv swN lwsj - mrfbhD hvfhv jsv sosYb. ˆ nh jKfv ltDt dbm´v™i}-

1. mrfb zfïfr hstb, )) للطائ تييا برأن طه دوالركع السجو ناكفيالعو نفي (( zKGf{, (zfv zfdm ƒhvfrDm W ƒnmf„tsj zÌDjfvhÝ jvtfm sp,) skfmvf …Hsq zfmfv (jf'hf) oxrsj kfWqfIjfvD, ƒ'dkjfIjfvD, v¢jC W dnulfjfvDslv ubA idhÛ vfJ. (jc} 2/125)

dkdb zbAÛ hstb, )) الو اجدسن في الماكفوع متأنن وهواشربت (( zKGf{, zfv mndusl ƒ'dkjfIvk zh²¿fq skfmvf ²ÃD-omb jsvf bf. (jc} 2/187) 2. zfhC ùvfƒvf hstb, bhD iaskAj vmpfsb 10 dlb ƒ'dkjfI jvskb. dj§Â k]fv ƒs§Àjfstv hYsv dkdb 20 dlb ƒ'dkjfI jsvb. (hc} 2044bQ) 3. zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, zfïfrv vnCt iaskAj vmpfsb ƒ'dkjfI jvskb. Iusvv bfmfp isV dkdb k]fv ƒ'dkjfIofsr iashw jvskb. (hc} 2041, mc} 1173bQ) 4. dkdb hstb, bhD k]fv ƒs§Àjft zhdL vmpfsbv swN lwsj ƒ'dkjfI jsv sosYb. k]fv isv k]fv ²ÃDoBW ƒ'dkjfI jsvsYb. (hc} 2026, mc} 1172bQ) 5. mrfbhD ƒ'dkjfI jsvsYb ˆhQ k]fv nfrfhfoBW k]fv nfsK ƒ'dkjfI jsvsYb. (hc} 2016, mc} 1167bQ)


111

ƒ'dkjfsIv vrnA } iaskAj ƒhflskv iÇyfsk vrnA, drjmk W spZdÙÁjkf zfsY ˆjfdLj. ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, iaskAj zfmt r™lsqv …iv dbHGvwDt. spmb mrfbhD hstb, ªswfb! slsrv msLA ˆmb ˆj mfQn-dià zfsY pf Hfstf rst nfvf slr Hfstf rsh ˆhQ kf Jfvfi rst nfvf slr Jfvfi rsh. swfb! kf rt r™{dià (z§Àv).« (hc} 52, mc} 1599bQ) r™lqsj sp dudbn shwD bó jsv kf rt bfbfb r™lqoafrD mbsj …lfnjfvD dudbn ˆhQ snƒ njt mo´kf W dbvdk; pf mrfb zfïfrv dlsj dIsv pfWqfv isK hfLföv™i. spmb …lvivfqBkf, spZbfyfv, zdkjKf, zdkdbûf, zdkháck¶ ƒkAfdl iadkháj jmG; pf z§Àsvv HCdmjfsj dhd[å jsv ˆhQ kfv ˆjfoakfsj zfïfrv zfbcoskA dhbó jsv sIst. ˆƒ ubA mrfb zfïfr k]fv SbjeA ialfbjfvD djYc ƒhflk dhdLhÝ jvstb; pf hf¦lfv r™lqsj ‰ …lfnjfvD iadkháj dhdHâ zijmG sKsj drIfpk jsv. spmb svfpf; sp svfpf dlsbv shtfq mfbcNsj ifbfrfv W spZbfyfv sKsj dhvk vfsJ ˆhQ snƒ njt öfl …isHfo sKsj dhvk Kfjfv iadk¤Ydh r™lq-mcjcsv iadkIdtk rq. zfv kfƒ zfïfrv n§Âdóv dlsj zoanv rsk wdÙÁ spfofq ˆhQ hf¦lf snƒ jciahxdÙv shdV sKsj mcdÙÁ tfH jvsk n[m rq; pf kfsj zfsJvfk sKsj lcdbqfv dlsj dIdvsq slq. htf hfùtA, svfpf spmb ifbfrfv W spZbfyfv-udbk jciahxdÙv bfbf iadkháj sKsj h]fyfv ubA r™lsqv is[ Tftöv™i. dEj skmdb ƒ'dkjfIW dhvfe vrnA-dhudVk ˆjde ƒhflk. ƒ'dkjfI mfbcsNv nsÌ zdkdvÙÁ dmtfdmwfv Ist r™lsq sp jciaHfh isV ˆhQ zdkjKf W zdkdbûfv Ist mrfb iadkiftsjv nfsK n©isjG sp [dk rq kfv rfk rsk v[f jsv. zfv ˆsk sjfb ns¦lr sbƒ sp, zdkháck¶, zdkjKf ˆhQ zdkdbûfv jht sKsj mcdÙÁ ifWqfskƒ vsqsY hf¦lfv hV nfItA; sp nfItA kfv r™lqsj zfïfrv isK zoanv rsk wdÙÁ spfofq ˆhQ ˆv iadkjCt njt zh²¿f sKsj kfsj dbvfiÙf ialfb jsv. (lcvf} 76-77ix})

ƒ'dkjfsIv iajfvsHl } ƒ'dkjfI lcƒ iajfv; Wqfsuh W ncâk. ncâk rt snƒ ƒ'dkjfI, pf hf¦lf zfïfrv SbjeA W nWqfh tfsHv …sÜswA vnCt -ˆv zbcjvB jsv sö¤Yfq jsv Kfsj. zfv ˆƒ ƒ'dkjfI vmpfb mfsnv swN lwsj jvfƒ rt kfjDliafå; spmb ˆ jKf iCshG htf rsqsY. i[f§Àsv Wqfsuh rt snƒ ƒ'dkjfI, pf hf¦lf sJfl dbsuv ubA Wqfsuh jsv dbsqsY. yfsr kf nfLfvB bpv smsb zKhf wkGdHdÙj dhtdìk bpv smsb srfj. spmb sj… pdl hst, zfdm zfïfrv Wqfs²À ƒ'dkjfI jvfv bpv mfbtfm zKhf zfïfr zfmfv svfoDsj zfsvfoA lfb jvst zfdm k]fv ubA ƒ'dkjfI jvh - kfrst sn ƒ'dkjfI iftb jvf Wqfsuh. mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv zfbcokA (ƒhflk) jvfv bpv mfsb, sn spb kf


iftb jsv.« (hc} 6696bQ, nczf}) ˆjlf …mfv htstb, sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfdm ufsrtD pcso mfndulct rfvfsm ˆj vfdÛ ƒ'dkjfI jvfv bpv smsbdY. mrfbhD htstb, ªkcdm skfmfv bpv icvf jv.« (hc} 2032bQ)

ƒ'dkjfsIv nmq } Wqfsuh ƒ'dkjfI dEj snƒ nmq mk zflfq jvf uv¢vD, sp nmq bpv-Wqftf kfv bpsv …sïJ jsvsY. sn pdl ˆj dlb hf kfv shwD ƒ'dkjfI jvfv bpv mfsb, kfrst kfsj kfƒ iftb jvf Wqfsuh rsh, pf kfv bpsv …sïJ jsvsY. zfv mc²Àfrfh ƒ'dkjfsIv ubA sjfb dbdlGó nmq sbƒ. ˆmb ƒ'dkjfI dbqk jsv mndusl zh²¿fb jvstƒ hf²Àhfqb rq; yfsr sn nmq tìf srfj zKhf nQd[å. mndusl zh²¿fbjft ipG§À nWqfh tfH rsh. mndul sKsj shv rsq dosq icbvfq dIsv ˆsn ƒ'dkjfI jvfv ƒ¤Yf jvst dbqk bhfqb jvsk rsh. (dInc} 1/420) mrfbhD 10 dlb ƒ'dkjfI jsvsYb; spmb swN uDhsb dkdb 20 dlb ƒ'dkjfI jsvsYb. zbcv™i dkdb vmpfsbv iaKm lwsj, zk}iv mLAm lwsj zk}iv swN lwsj ƒ'dkjfI jsvsYb. (hc} 2016, mc} 1167bQ) …mfv k]fsj duÎfnf jvstb, zfdm ufsrtD pcso mfndulct rfvfsm ˆj vfdÛ ƒ'dkjfI jvfv bpv smsbdY. …Ùsv mrfbhD htstb, ªkcdm skfmfv bpv icvf jv.« (hc} 2032bQ) ˆ nh djYc ˆ jKfvƒ ltDt sp, ƒ'dkjfsIv ubA sjfb dbdlGó nmq sbƒ. spmb ƒ'dkjfI vmpfsbv msLAƒ nDmfhÝ bq. jfvB, mrfbhD …mfv -sj k]fv ƒ'dkjfsIv bpv iftb jvsk zbcmdk dlstb. zfv kf dYt vmpfb YfVf zbA sjfb mfsn. zkˆh ncâk rt vmpfsb ˆhQ dhswN jsv sjht kfv swN lwsj ƒ'dkjfI jvf. spsrkc wvDqskv zfrjfm vnCt -ˆv zfmt sKsjƒ oarB jvsk rsh. zfv dkdb jfpf jvf YfVf zvmpfsb ƒ'dkjfI jsvb db. klbcv™i zfmvf ufdb bf sp, nfrfhfslv sj… jfpf YfVf zvmpfsb ƒ'dkjfI jsvsYb. dj§Â …mfv pJb Iskfqf yfƒstb, kJb dkdb k]fsj (zvmpfsb) ƒ'dkjfsIv bpv icvf jvfv zbcmdk dlstb. dj§Â dkdb …©mskv ubA kf nfLfvB wvqD dbqm drnfsh sOfNBf jsv ufb db; pfsk stfsjslvsj htf pfsh sp, `skfmvf mndusl vmpfb-zvmpfsb sp sjfb nmq ƒ'dkjfI jv; êfƒ rt ncâk.' nckvfQ hfrAk} pf hcUf pfq kf ˆƒ sp, pdl sjfb mcndtm zvmpfsb ƒ'dkjfsI hsn, kfrst kfsk zfidÙv djYc sbƒ. zfv ˆ jKfW htf pfsh bf sp, kf dhlzfk. jfvB, mrfbhD …mfv -sj k]fv ƒ'dkjfsIv bpv icvf jvsk zbcmdk dlsqsYb. i[f§Àsv pdl sn bpv mjv™r zKhf rfvfm rk, kfrst kf icvf jvfv zbcmdk dlskb bf. dj§Â zfmvf iaskAsjv jfsY ˆ yfƒsk ifdv bf sp, sn sp sjfb nmq ƒ'dkjfI jvsh. hvQ


113

zfmvf kfsj hth, swaô iKdbslGw rt, mcrf©mfl -ˆv iKdbslGw. pdl dkdb ufbskb sp, zvmpfsb hvQ vmpfsbv swN lwj YfVf zbA nmsqv ƒ'dkjfsIv sjfb ShdwóA hf nWqfh zfsY, kfrst dkdb zfmst idvBk jvfv ubA …©mskv jfsY kf iayfv jsv spskb. zkˆh zfmfslv ubA …Ùm rt vnCt -ˆv zbcnvB jvf. (û} mcm} 6/506-508)

ƒ'dkjfsIv wkGfhtD } ƒ'dkjfI ðÝ rWqfv ubA djYc wkG vsqsY }-

1. ƒ'dkjfIjfvDsj mcndtm rsk rsh. 2. Îfbn©iâ rsk rsh. 3. Hfstf ms¦lv hcU-wdÙÁn©iâ rsk rsh. 4. kfsk kfv dbqk rsk rsh. diaq bhD hstb, ªpfhkDq zfmt dbqskv

…iv dbHGvwDt. nckvfQ iaskAj hAdÙÁv kf-ƒ iafiA rq, pfv sn dbqk jsv Kfsj.«

5. ƒ'dkjfI mndusl rsk rsh. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstb,

و ال ت ب اش ر و ه ن (( و أ ن ت م ع اك ف و ن ف ي ال م س اج د (( zKGf{, zfv mndusl ƒ'dkjfIvk zh²¿fq skfmvf ²ÃD-omb jsvf bf. (jc} 2/187) htf hfùtA, dkdb ƒ'dkjfsIv ²¿fb drnfsh mnduslv jKf …sïJ jsvsYb. zkˆh mndul YfVf zbA sjfb ²¿fsb ƒ'dkjfI ðÝ rst zfqfsk kfv …sïJ zfnk bf. (mcm} 6/502, dInc} 1/421) zk}iv ufbfv jKf sp, ƒ'dkjfI hAfijHfsh sp sjfb mndusl hsnƒ jvf pfq. dj§Â ˆsk sjfb ns¦lr sbƒ sp, mfrfk¹AiCBG 3de mndul; zKGf{ mfndulct rfvfm, mfndusl bhhD ˆhQ mfndusl zfjnfsk ƒ'dkjfI jvf nhsysq …Ùm. spmb …ÙÁ 3de mndusl bfmfp iVf zbAfbA mnduslv kctbfq hùÈsB …Ùm. (mcm} 6/505) mnduslv wkG rt, kfsk spb ufmfzfk jfsqm rq. zhwA ucmzfr jfsqm rWqf wkG bq. (‰ 6/511) ksh …Ùm rt ufsm' mnduslƒ ƒ'dkjfI jvf. spsrkc mrfbhD ufsm' mndusl ƒ'dkjfI jsvsYb. kfYfVf njt bfmfspv ufmfzfsk bfmfpD nQJAf kfskƒ shwD rq ˆhQ pfsk ucmzfr iVfv ubA dbsuv ƒ'dkjfI-ofr sYsV sjfb ufsm' mndusl pfWqfv ubA hfLAkfmCtjHfsh shv rsk bf rq. (dInc} 1/421, kfƒvf} 26ix}) iv§Â zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA ncâk rt, sn sjfb svfoDsj slJf jvsk pfsh bf ---. zfv ufsm' mndul YfVf zbA sjfb mndusl ƒ'dkjfI sbƒ.' (nzflf} 2160bQ) ÎfkhA sp, mdrtfv ubA kfv hfdVv mndusl (spJfsb sn 5 zÙÁX bfmfp isV snJfsb) ƒ'dkjfI ðÝ bq. jfvB, kf zfnst sjfb zsKGƒ mndul bq.

6. ƒ'dkjfIjfvDsj (hDpGifk, mfdnj hf dbIfn-udbk jfvsB Odek) hV bfifjD sKsj idhÛ Kfjsk rsh.


7. sjfb iajfv dIkbfv zfwËf bf Kfjst mdrtf sp sjfb mndusl ƒ'dkjfI jvsk ifsv. htf hfùtA, sjfb iajfv dIkbfv Hq Kfjst mndusl ƒ'dkjfI jvsk zbcmdk slWqf pfsh bf. jfvB, nWqfshv jfu jvsk dosq sofbfr Ose pfWqfv zfwËf Kfjst nWqfshv jfu jvsk hfLf slWqf Wqfsuh. (mcm} 6/511)

klcidv wkG rt, öfmD spb mdrtfsj sn jfsu zbcmdk slq. bsy{, kfv zbcmdk bf dbsqƒ ²ÃD ƒ'dkjfsI hnst öfmD ƒ'dkjfI HfÌfv ubA kfsj hfLA jvsk ifsv. mrfbhD -ˆv ²ÃDosBv k]fhc efÌfsbfv iv dkdb k]fslvsj ƒ'dkjfI jvsk hfLf dlsqdYstb. (hc} 2033, mc} 1172bQ)

zfv ndEj zdHmk ˆƒ sp, ƒ'dkjfsIv ubA svfpf Kfjf ˆhQ nmq dbLGfdvk jvf wkG bq. ˆ jKfv ltDt rt, …ipGcÙÁ rpvk …mfv -ˆv rflDn. (mcm} 6/509, jfbfvf} 25ix}) spsrkc dkdb vfsk ƒ'dkjfI jvfv bpv smsbdYstb; zKy vfsk svfpf rq bf. zhwA ƒ'dkjfsIv ubA svfpf mc²Àfrfh. sjbbf, mrfb zfïfr ƒ'dkjfsIv jKf svfpfv nfsK …sïJ jsvsYb. zfv vnCt jfpf YfVf sp ƒ'dkjfI jsvsYb, kf svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq jsvsYb. iv§Â zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA ncâk rt, sn sjfb svfoDsj slJf jvsk pfsh bf ---. zfv svfpf YfVf ƒ'dkjfI sbƒ.---' (nzflf} 2160bQ) i[f§Àsv nhsysq …Ùm rt vmpfsbv swN lwsjƒ ƒ'dkjfI jvf; spmb ˆ jKf iCshG zfstfdyk rsqsY.

ƒ'dkjfI-ofsr iashw jvfv nmq } iCshG …sïJ jvf rsqsY sp, mc²Àfrfh ƒ'dkjfsIv ubA sjfb Lvfh]fLf nmq sbƒ. nckvfQ ƒ'dkjfIjfvD pJbƒ mndusl iashw jvsh ˆhQ snJfsb zh²¿fb jsv zfïfrv SbjeA tfsHv dbqk jvsh, kJbƒ sn snJfb sKsj shv bf rWqf ipG§À ƒ'dkjfIjfvD hst oBA rsh. dj§Â sn pdl vmpfsbv swN lwsj ƒ'dkjfI jvsk yfq, kfrst iaKm (21swv) vfdÛ zfnfv (20swv nCpG sFfhfv) iCshG mndusl iashw jvsh. jfvB, mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfv nfsK ƒ'dkjfI jvsk yfq, sn spb swN lwsj ƒ'dkjfI jsv.« (hc} 2027bQ) ˆJfsb swN lwj htsk swN lwde vfksj hcdUsqsYb. zfv swN lw vfskv iaKm vfk rt 21swv vfk. i[f§Àsv nrDrfqsb iamfdBk sp, mrfbhD Iusvv bfmfp isV k]fv ƒ'dkjfI-ofsr iashw jvstb. (hc} 2041, mc} 1173bQ) ˆv zKG ˆƒ sp, ‰ nmq dkdb mnduslv dHksv ƒ'dkjfsIv ubA dbdlGó ufqofq iashw jvstb. spsrkc dkdb mnduslv dHkv dhswN ˆj ufqofq ƒ'dkjfI jvskb. spmb nrDr mcndtsm hdBGk sp, dkdb iwm dbdmGk kcjGD sYfe ˆj k]fhcv dHksv ƒ'dkjfI jsvsYb. (mc} 1167bQ) dj§Â ƒ'dkjfsIv ubA k]fv mndusl iashw jvfv nmq dYt vfskv iaKmfQw. (dInc} 1/422, lcvf} 80ix}) sp hAdÙÁ vmpfsbv swN lwsj ƒ'dkjfI jvsh, sn mndul sKsj shv rsh mfsnv swN


115

dlsbv nCpG z²À pfWqfv iv. zhwA djYc ntI msb jsvb sp, swN lwsjv ƒ'dkjfIjfvD „slv vfkefW mndusl jfdesq ivdlb njfst „slv bfmfp isV ksh Osv dIvsh. (dInc} 1/423, zfnfƒ} 201ix}) zfv sp hAdÙÁ ˆjdlb zKhf dbdlGó jsqj dlb ƒ'dkjfI jvfv bpv smsbsY, zKhf zbcv™i bIt ƒ'dkjfI jvsk yfq, sn hAdÙÁ Iuv …lq rWqfv zfso zfso ƒ'dkjfI-ofsr iashw jvsh ˆhQ nCpG idviCBGv™si z²À pfWqfv isv snJfb rsk shv rsh. i[f§Àsv sp hAdÙÁ ˆj vfk zKhf dbdlGó jsqj vfk ƒ'dkjfI jvfv bpv smsbsY, zKhf zbcv™i bIt ƒ'dkjfI jvsk yfq, sn hAdÙÁ idviCBGv™si nCpG z²À pfWqfv zfso zfso ƒ'dkjfI-ofsr iashw jvsh ˆhQ ±ióv™si Iuv …lq rWqfv isv snJfb rsk shv rsh. (‰)

ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA pf jvf mc²Àfrfh } 1. ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA shwD shwD bIt ƒhflk jvf, dbsusj bfmfp, jcvzfb sktfzk, dpjXv, ƒd²ÀoIfv, lv™l W nftfm, lczf ƒkAfdl ƒhflsk mwÈt vfJf mc²Àfrfh; sp ƒhflk äfvf hf¦lf zfïfrv SbjeA tfH jvsk ˆhQ mcndtm kfv mrfb nxdójkGfv nfsK n©ijG jfsqm jvsk ifsv. iajfw sp, wvqD ƒtXm zfstfybf jvf, (äDbD hƒ-ic²Àj ifE jvf,) kInDv, rflDn, zfdìqf W nfstrDbslv uDhbD oa§¿ ifE jvf ˆhQ äDsb ƒntfm W dIjXr nìáDq sp sjfb hƒ-ic²Àj ifE jvfW …ÙÁ ƒhflskv ipGfqHcÙÁ. (dInc} 4/423) klbcv™i mndusl zbcdôk ƒtmD mudtsnW sn zQwoarB jvsk ifsv. ksh …Ùm rt, dhswN ƒhflk äfvf ƒ'dkjfI jvf; spmb bfmfp, dpjXv, jcvzfb sktfzk iaHxdk. zhwA dlsb hf vfsk 2/1 de lsnG …id²¿k rWqf lCNBDq bq. dj§Â ƒtmD mudtn pdl ˆjefbf rskƒ Kfsj ˆhQ ƒ'dkjfIjfvDW snƒ lnGnmCsrv iChGfstfybf W icbvfstfybf jvsk Kfsj, zfv zsbj ShEj hf uftnfq …id²¿k rsq dhswN ƒhflk jvsk ncspfo bf ifq, kfrst db}ns¦lsr kf Û¢dev jKf. i[f§Àsv nfmdqj W ö¬i lsnG 2/1 hfv rfdpv rst sjfb [dk rq bf. (mcm} 6/503, 529) 2. ƒ'dkjfIjfvD ziasqfubDq W hfsu jKf htf sKsj lCsv Kfjsh ˆhQ kjGfkdjG, ùÏk-UoVf W oftfofdt jvf sKsj dhvk Kfjsh. 3. mnduslv dHksv ˆjde ufqof dbdlGó jsv snJfsb zh²¿fb jvsh. bfsI' hstb, `zfècïfr dhb …mfv mnduslv snƒ ufqofdesj sldJsqsYb, sp ufqofq zfïfrv vnCt ƒ'dkjfI jvskb.' (mc} 1171bQ) ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA pf jvf ShL } 1. zdk iasqfubDq hAfifsv ƒ'dkjfIjfvD mndul sKsj shv rsk ifsv. spmb hAdÙÁok iasqfusb ifbfrfv jvsk, ivsbv jfiV hf wDskv Tfjf zfbsk ˆhQ siwfh-


ifqJfbf jvsk shv rWqf ShL. klbcv™i wvqD iasqfusb; spmb bfifjDv sofnt jvsk zKhf WpC jvsk mnduslv hfƒsv pfWqf zShL bq. (mcm} 6/523) mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `(ƒ'dkjfsIv nmq) bhD hAdÙÁok iasqfub YfVf Osv zfnskb bf.' dkdb zfsvf hstb, `ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA ncâk rt, sn sjfb svfoDsj slJf jvsk pfsh bf, sjfb ufbfpfq zQwoarB jvsh bf, ²ÃD-±iwG, sjftfjcdt, hf nÌm jvsh bf, zfv zdk iasqfub YfVf mndul sKsj shv rsh bf.' (nzflf} 2160bQ) 2. mnduslv dHksv ƒ'dkjfIjfvD ifbfrfv jvsk W Ocmfsk ifsv. ksh mnduslv idhÛkf W idv¤Yâkfv sJqft zhwAƒ vfJsk rsh. 3. dbsuv zKhf zsbAv iasqfusb ShL jKf htsk ifsv. 4. mfKf z]fyVfsbf, tìf bJ jfef, Sldrj idv¤Yâkfv sJqft vfJf, nc¦lv sifwfj ivf, zfkv hAhrfv jvf ƒkAfdl jmG ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA ShL. mrfbhD ƒ'dkjfI zh²¿fq dbsuv mfKfsj mndul sKsj shv jsv ùuvfq zfsqwfv nfmsb U]cdjsq dlskb ˆhQ dkdb mfdnj zh²¿fskW k]fv mfKf Lcsq dlskb ˆhQ zf]ysV dlskb. (hc} 2028, 2030, mc} 297bQ) 5. ƒ'dkjfI zh²¿fq pdl idvhfsvv sj… ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv nfsK mndusl slJf jvsk zfsn, kfrst kfsj zfdosq dhlfq slWqfv ubA mndul sKsj shv rWqf ShL. rpvk nfdIqAfr mrfbhD -sj slJf jvsk ˆst dkdb ˆv™i jsvdYstb. (hc} 2035, mc} 2175bQ)

ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA pf jvf mjv™r } ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA sjfb djYc ÛÁq-dhÛÁq jvf, ziasqfusb jKf htf, ƒhflk msb jsv iasqfusbW dhtjct jKf bf htf ƒkAfdl mjv™r. (dInc} 1/424, jfbfvf} 26-27ix})

ƒ'dkjfI pfsk hfdkt rsq pfq } 1. zdk iasqfub YfVf mndul sKsj nfmfbA [sBv ubAW ƒ¤Yfjxk shv rst ƒ'dkjfI bó rsq pfq. spsrkc mndusl zh²¿fb jvf ƒ'dkjfsIv ubA zbAkm wkG zKhf v¢jXb. 2. ²ÃD-nrhfn jsv sItst ƒ'dkjfI hfdkt. jfvB mrfb zfïfr hstb,

و ال ت ب اش ر و ه ن و أ ن ت م ع اك ف و ن ف ي ال م س اج د ، ت ل ك ح د و د اهللا ف ال ت ق ر ب و ه ا(( (( zKGf{, zfv mndusl ƒ'dkjfIvk zh²¿fq skfmvf ²ÃD-omb jsvf bf. ˆ rt zfïfrv dbLGfdvk nDmf. zkˆh kfv dbjehkGD rsqf bf. (jc} 2/187) 3. sbwf hf md²À°j-dhjxdkv Ist ÎfbwCbA rsq sost ƒ'dkjfI hfdkt rsq pfq. jfvB kfsk mfbcsNv Hfstf-ms¦lv kmDp Kfsj bf. 4. mdrtfslv mfdnj hf dbIfn ðv¢ rst ƒ'dkjfI hfdkt. jfvB, idhÛkf ˆjde


117

wkG. 5. sjfb jKf hf jsmGv mfLAsm dwjG, jcIXv jvst hf mckGfÜX rsq sost ƒ'dkjfI hfdkt rsq pfq. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

)) ل ئ ن أ ش ر ك ت ل ي ح ب ط ن ع م ل ك (( zKGf{, kcdm dwjG jvst skfmfv zfmt ià rsq pfsh. (jc} 39/65) (dInc} 1/426, jfbfvf} 27ix}, zfnfƒ} 205ix})

ƒ'dkjfI HÌ ˆhQ kfv jfpf jvf } ƒ'dkjfIjfvD pkef nmq ƒ'dkjfI jvfv dbqk jsvdYt kkef nmq iCBG rWqfv zfso sn kf HÌ jvsk ifsv. ˆjlf vnCtcïfr k]fv ²ÃDslv ƒ'dkjfsIv k]fhc SkvD slsJ kf sHsÌ sItsk zfslw jvstb ˆhQ dbqk jvfv isv k]fslv nfsK dbsuW ƒ'dkjfI kAfo jvstb. zk}iv dkdb snƒ ƒ'dkjfI wWqft mfsnv iaKm lwsj jfpf jsvb. (hc} 2033, mc} 1173bQ) …ÙÁ rflDn zbcnfsv sp hdÙÁ bIt ƒ'dkjfI ðv¢ jvfv iv HÌ jsv kfv ubA kf jfpf jvf mc²Àfrfh. i[f§Àsv sp hAdÙÁ bpsvv ƒ'dkjfI ðv¢ jvfv iv sjfb zncdhLfv Ist HÌ jsv, ncspfo W nfmKGA rst kfv ubA kf jfpf jvf Wqfsuh. dj§Â kf jfpf jvfv iCshGƒ sn pdl mfvf pfq, kfrst kfv kvI sKsj kfv dbjehkGD Wqfsvn jfpf jvsh.

dbdlGó mndusl ƒ'dkjfsIv bpv } sp hAdÙÁ mfndulct rfvfsm ƒ'dkjfI jvfv dbqk jsvsY, kfv ubA zbA mndusl ƒ'dkjfI jvf ufsqp bq. sp hAdÙÁ mndusl bhhDsk ƒ'dkjfI jvfv bpv mfsb, kfv ubAW snJfsbƒ ƒ'dkjfI jvf Wqfsuh. zhwA sn mfndulct rfvfsm ƒ'dkjfI jvsk ifsv. jfvB, ˆ mndul mndusl bhhD zsi[f swaô. zbcv™i pdl sj… mfndulct zfjnfsk ƒ'dkjfI jvfv bpv mfsb, kfv ubA …ÙÁ dkbde mnduslv sp sjfb ˆjdesk ƒ'dkjfI iftb jvf Wqfsuh. i[f§Àsv sp hAdÙÁ …ÙÁ dkbde mndul YfVf zbA mndusl ƒ'dkjfI jvfv bpv mfsb, kfv ubA ‰ mndusl kf iftb jvf uv¢vD bq. hvQ ƒ¤Yfmk sn sp sjfb mndusl ƒ'dkjfI jvsk ifsv. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr k]fv ƒhflskv ubA sjfb dbdlGó ufqof dbhGfyb jsvb db. zfv spsrkc …ÙÁ dkbde mndul YfVf zbAfbA mndulÈstfv ifv±idvj sjfb ixKj mpGflf sbƒ. (dInc} 1/428, jfbfvf} 28ix}) idvswsN haflfvfsb ƒntfm! ˆƒ mxkiafq ncâksj uDdhk jvfv ubA, ˆv jKf dbu idvhfv-idvub W Hfƒ-hácslv jfsY iayfv jvfv ubA pkhfb rb. iayfv W iftb jv¢b dbu nmfu W ufmfzfskv mndusl. zhwAƒ zfïfr zfibfslvsj ƒ'dkjfsIv nWqfshv nfsK nfsK kfslv ƒ'dkjfsIv nWqfhW lfb jvshb, pfvf zfibfv zbcnvB


jsv kf iftb jvsh.

8. wshjlv zs¦hNB

vmpfb mfsnv swN lwsjv shsufV nQJAfv vfdÛÈstfsk wshjlv zbcnáfb jvf mc²Àfrfh. mrfbhD ˆv zbcnáfsb …ÙÁ vfdÛÈdtsk hV smrbk jvskb. zfv ˆ jKf iCshG htf rsqsY sp, vmpfsbv swN lwj ˆsn …id²¿k rst zfïfrv vnCt (ƒhflskv ubA) dbsuv sjfmv (tcdÌ) sh]sL dbskb, nfvfvfdÛ ufovB jvskb ˆhQ zfib idvubsjW ufofskb. kfYfVf wshjlsvv náfsb W zfwfq dkdb ‰ swN lwsjv dlhfvfsÛ ƒ'dkjfI jvskb. zfncb! zfmvf sldJ wshjlv dj? kfv jlv jkecj? ˆhQ kfv zfrjfm dj?

wshjlsvv bfm wshjlv sjb? zfvhDsk `tfƒtfkct j¶flXv'-ˆv IfvnD, …lGc, dr¦lD W hfQtfsk zKG rt wshjlv. zfvhDsk `tfƒtfr' ˆhQ IfvnDsk `wh' wsèv mfsb rt vfk. dj§Â `j¶flv' wsèv mfsb dhdHâ rsk ifsv. zfv sn ubAƒ ˆv bfmjvsBv jfvBW dhdHâ. spmb }- 1. j¶flXv mfsb kjlDv. nckvfQ tfƒtfkct j¶flXv hf wshjlsvv mfsb kjlDsvv vfk hf HfoA-vubD. spsrkc ˆƒ vfsk mrfb zfïfr zfofmD ˆj hYsvv ubA nxdóv v¢pD, mxkcA W OebfOesbv jKf dtdihÝ jsv Kfsjb. spmb dkdb ˆ jKf jcvzfsb hstb,

م ر ح ك ي م ف ي ه ا ي ف ر ق ك ل أ (( (( zKGf{, ˆƒ vubDsk iaskAj Èv¢k¶iCBG dhNq d²¿vDjxk rq. (jc} 44/4) zfv ˆƒ kjlDv; pf hf{ndvj dh²Àfdvk zfjfsv dtJf rq. ˆ YfVf mfkxosHG ë™B Kfjf zh²¿fq dtJf rq nfvf uDhsbv kjlDv. zfv zfdl kjlDv; pf mrfb zfïfr zfnmfb-pmDb nxdó jvfv 50 rfufv hYv iCshG `tfWsr mfrICp'-ˆ dtsJ svsJsYb. 2. j¶flsvv zfv ˆjde zKG rt, jlv, wfb, mpGflf, mfrfk¹A ƒkAfdl. spmb htf rsq Kfsj, nmfsu zmcsjv hV jlv zfsY. zKGf{, kfv mpGflf W n©mfb zfsY. zkˆh ˆ zsKG wshjlsvv mfsb rsh mdrqnD vubD. 3. …ÙÁ jlv sp vfk suso ƒhflk jsv kfvƒ. ˆv iCshG sp jlv kfv dYt bf, vfk suso wshjlv ifWqfv iv zfïfrv jfsY sn jlv tfH rq ˆhQ k]fv jfsY k]fv n©mfb W mpGflf hxdÝ rq. zfv kfv ubAƒ ˆsj wshjlv hst. 4. ‰ jlsvv vfsk zfmstvW hV jlv W mfrfk¹A vsqsY. sn ubAW kfsj wshjlv htf rq. 5. j¶flsvv zfv ˆj mfsb rt nQjDBGkf. ˆ vfsk zfnmfb sKsj pmDsb ˆk shwD nQJAj dIdvñf zhkvB jsvb sp, ixdKhDsk k]fslv ufqof rq bf. hvQ k]fslv nmfshswv ubA ixdKhD nQjDBG rq. kfƒ ˆ vfksj wshjlv hf nQjDBGkfv vfk htf


119

rq. wshjlsvv mfrfk¹A } 1. wshjlsvv vsqsY dhwft mpGflf W mfrfk¹A. mrfb zfïfr ˆƒ vfsk jcvzfb zhkDBG jsvsYb ˆhQ sn vfskv mfrfk¹A W IpDtk hBGbf jvfv ubA jcvzfb mfuDslv iCBG ˆjde nCvf zhkDBG jsvsYb ˆhQ snƒ nCvfv bfmjvBW rsqsY kfvƒ bfsm. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

إ ن ا أ ن ز ل ن اه ف ي ل ي ل ة ال ق د ر ، و م ا أ د ر اك (( م ا ل ي ل ة ال ق د ر ، ل ي ل ة ال ق د ر خ ي ر م ن أ ل ف ش ه ر (( zKGf{, dbÇyq zfdm ‰ jcvzfbsj wshjlsv zhkDBG jsvdY. kcdm dj ufb, wshjlv dj? wshjlv rt rfufv mfn zsi[f swaô. (jc} 97/1-3) ˆj rfufv mfn nmfb 30 rfufv vfdÛ. zKGf{ ˆƒ vfskv mpGflf 30,000 ÈB zsi[fW shwD! nckvfQ htf pfq sp, ˆƒ vfskv 1de knhDr zbAfbA vfskv 30,000 knhDr zsi[f …Ùm. zbcv™i ˆƒ vfskv 1 vfjzfk bfmfp zbAfbA vfskv 30,000 vfjzfk zsi[f …Ùm. htf hfùtA, ˆƒ vfskv zfmt wshjlv dhrDb zbAfbA 30 rfufv vfskv zfmt zsi[f zdLj swaô. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ ˆƒ vfsk ƒhflk jvt, zfnst sn spb 83 hYv 4 mfn zsi[fW shwD nmq Lsv ƒhflk jvt. 2. wshjlsvv vfk rt mchfvj vfk, zdk hjGkmq, jtAfBmq W mÌtmq vfk. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

)) إ ن ا أ ن ز ل ن اه ف ي ل ي ل ة م ب ار ك ة (( zKGf{, zfdm ˆ jcvzfbsj hjGkmq vubDsk zhkDBG jsvdY. (jc} 44/3) …ÙÁ hjGkmq vfdÛ rt `tfƒtfkct j¶flXv' hf wshjlv. zfv wshjlv db}ns¦lsr vmpfsb. htf hfùtA, ‰ vfdÛ wshhvfskv vfdÛ bq; spmb zsbsj msb jsv Kfsj ˆhQ ‰ vfsÛ hxKf mboVf ƒhflk jsv Kfsj. jfvB, jcvzfb (tfWsr mfrICp sKsj) zhkDBG rsqsY (zKhf kfv zhkfvB ðv¢ rsqsY) vmpfb mfsn. jcvzfb hst,

ش ه ر ر م ض ان ال ذ ي أ ن ز ل ف ي ه ال ق ر آن (( (( zKGf{, vmpfb mfn; sp mfsn jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY. (jc} 2/185) zfv dkdb hstb,

إ نا أ ن ز ل ن اه ف ي ل ي ل ة ال ق د ر (( (( zKGf{, dbÇyq zfdm ‰ jcvzfbsj wshjlsv zhkDBG jsvdY. (jc} 97/1-3) zfv ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, wshjlv rt vmpfsb; wf'hfsb bq. 3. ˆƒ vfk snƒ HfoA-vfk; pfsk iaskAj Èv¢k¶iCBG dhNq d²¿vDjxk rq. (jc} 44/4) 4. êf rt snƒ vfk; sp vfsk iaskAj jfsuv ubA dIdvñfjct k]fslv iadkiftsjv zfslsw zhkDBG rb. zKGf{, sp jfsuv Ifqnftf ‰ vfsk jvf rq kf jfpGjvD jvfv


ubA k]fvf zhkvB jsvb. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ت ن ز ل ال م ال ئ ك ة و الر و ح ف ي ه ا ب إ ذ ن ر ب ه م م ن ك ل أ م ر (( ((

5. ˆ vfk rt nftfm W wfd§Àv vfk. mrfb zfïfr hstb, س ال م (( ه ي ح ت ى م ط ل ع ال ف ج ر ((

zKGf{, sn vubD Iuv …lq ipG§À wfd§Àmq. iCBG vfkefƒ wfd§Àsk idviCBG; kfv msLA sjfb iajfv zwfd§À sbƒ. vfdÛ ufovBjfvD

mcdmb bfvD-icv¢sNv ubA ˆ rt wfd§Àv vfdÛ. wqkfb kfslv mfsU sjfb iajfv zwfd§À zfbqb jvsk ifsv bf. zKhf sn vfdÛ rt dbvfil. wqkfb sn vfsÛ sjfb iajfv zwfd§À Oefsk ifsv bf. zKhf sn vfk rt nftfsmv vfk. ˆ vfsk zhkDBG dIdvñfjct ƒhflkjfvD mcdmbslvsj nftfm ufbfq. (kfIfjf} 5/680-681, wfnfdptfjf} 24-25ix}) 6. ˆ vfdÛ rt djqfm W sofbfr-Jfkf mfI jvfhfv vfdÛ. mrfbhD hstb, ªsp

hAdÙÁ „mfb svsJ W sbjD tfsHv zfwf jsv wshjlsvv vfdÛ djqfm jsv (bfmfp isV), sn hAdÙÁv iCshGjfv sofbfrnmCr mfI rsq pfq.« (hc} 35, mc} 760 bQ, nczf}) htf hfùtA, ˆ vfdÛ rt ƒhflskv vfdÛ. ˆ vfdÛ LcmLfm jsv ifb-sHfusbv, zfsmfl-

JcwDv vfdÛ bq. zfnst sp hAdÙÁ ˆ vfsÛv jtAfB sKsj hdÑk rq, snƒ njt iajfv jtAfB sKsj hdÑk. wshjlv sjfbX vfkde? vmpfb mfsnv swN lwsjv sp sjfb ˆjde vfdÛ wshjlsvv vfdÛ. ˆjlf mrfbhD

wshjlsvv zs¦hNsB vmpfsbv iaKm lwsj ƒ'dkjfI jvstb. zk}iv mfsUv lwsj ƒ'dkjfI jsv 20swv Iusv htstb, ªzfmfsj wshjlv slJfsbf rsqdYt; dj§Â isv Hcdtsq slWqf rsqsY. zkˆh skfmvf swN lwsjv dhsufV vfsÛ kf zbcnáfb jv. zfv zfdm slsJdY sp, zfdm ifdb W jflfsk dnulf jvdY.« (hc} 2016, mc} 1167bQ) zk}iv 21swv vfdÛsk hxdó rsqdYt. zkˆh sn hYsv ‰ 21swv vfskƒ wshjlv rsqdYt. iCshGfÙÁ rflDsnv ƒdÌk zbcnfsv swN lwsjv dhsufV vfdÛÈstfsk wshjlv rWqfv

n©Hfhbf shwD. nckvfQ 21, 23, 25, 27 W 29 ˆƒ 5 vfk rt wshjlv rWqfv zdLj zfwfhAÓj vfk. zhwA ˆv mfsb ˆƒ bq sp, dhsufV vfdÛ YfVf sufV vfdÛsk wshjlv rsh bf. hvQ wshjlv sufV-dhsufV sp sjfb vfdÛskƒ rsk ifsv. ksh dhsufV vfsk wshjlv nQOdek rWqfefƒ zdLj n©Hfhbfmq W zfwfhAÓj. (mcm} 6/496) swN lwsjv msLA swN nfk vfdÛÈstf zdLj zfwfhAÓj. mrfbhD hstb, ªzfdm

slJdY sp, skfmfslv nhfvƒ öi´ swN nfk vfskv hAfifsv ˆjmk rsqsY. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ wshjlv zbcnáfb jvsk yfq, sn spb swN nfk vfkÈdtsk jsv.« (zf} 2/6, hc} 2015, mf}, mc} 1165bQ)


121

zhwA ˆv zKG pdl `sjht ‰ hYsvv vmpfsbv swN nfk vfskv sjfb ˆj vfsk wshjlv rsh' rq ˆhQ kfv zKG `zfofmD iaskAj vmpfsb rsh' bf rq kfrst. jfvB, ˆv™i zKG rWqfv n©HfhbfW bfjy jvf pfq bf. kfYfVf spsrkc mrfbhD k]fv swN uDhb zhdL vmpfsbv swN lwsjv icsvfefƒ ƒ'dkjfI jsv sosYb ˆhQ ˆj hYv wshjlv 21swv vfdÛskW rsqsY - spmb ˆ jKf iCshG …sïJ jvf rsqsY. (mcm} 6/493) swN lwsjv dhsufV vfdÛÈdtv msLA 27swv vfdÛ wshjlsvv ubA zdLj

zfwfhAÓj. sjbbf, …hfƒ dhb jf'h `ƒb wfzfïfr' bf hstƒ jnm sJsq htskb, `wshjlv vfdÛ rt 27swv vfdÛ; ‰ vfdÛsk djqfm jvsk zfïfrv vnCt zfmfslvsj zfslw jsvsYb.' (mc} 762bQ) zbcv™iHfsh mczfdhqf mrfbhD -ˆv dbje sKsj hBGbf jsv hstb, `27swv

vfdÛ rt wshjlsvv vfdÛ.' (nzflf} 1236bQ) dj§Â ‰ vfsk rWqfƒ uv¢vD bq. jfvB, ˆ YfVf zbAfbA rflDn vsqsY, pfv äfvf hcUf

pfq sp, wshjlv zbA kfvDsJv vfskW rsq Kfsj. htf hfùtA, wshjlsvv vfk iaskAj hYsvv ubA ˆjde mfÛƒ vfk bq. hvQ kf

dhdHâ vfsÛ nQOdek rsk ifsv. nckvfQ sjfb hYsv 29sw, sjfb hYsv 25sw, zfhfv sjfb hYsv 24swv vfskW wshjlv rsk ifsv. zfv ˆƒ zsKG wshjlv iansÌ hdBGk nm²À rflDsnv mfsU iv±iv-dhsvfdLkf lCv rsq pfsh. wshjlv ˆjde dbdlGó vfk bf rsq ˆj ˆj hYsv swN lwsjv ˆj ˆj vfsk rWqfv

iÇyfsk drjmk ˆƒ sp, pfsk ztn hf¦lf sjht ˆjde vfk ufovB W djqfm jsvƒ [f§À bf rsq pfq ˆhQ snƒ vfskv mpGflf W IpDtskv …iv dbHGv jsv zbAfbA vfsk ƒhflk kAfo bf jsv hsn. i[f§Àsv zdbdlGó rst ˆhQ iaskAj vfskv msLA sp sjfb ˆjde vfskv wshjlv rWqfv n©Hfhbf Kfjst hf¦lf swN lwsjv icsvfefƒ djqfm W ƒhflk jvsk zfoarD rsh. zfv ˆsk vsqsY kfvƒ tfH. (mcm} 6/494) dEj ùhù ˆjƒ pcdÙÁ rt mrfbhD -ˆv r™lq sKsj wshjlv (kfvDJ) Hcdtsq

slWqfv diYsb. (wfnfdptfjf} 49ix}) zfv ˆsk vsqsY snƒ mÌt; pfv iadk ƒdÌk jsv mrfbhD hstsYb, ªzfdm wshjlv nìsá skfmfslvsj Jhv slWqfv ubA shv rsq ˆtfm. dj§Â zmcj W zmcsjv jtr jvfv Ist wshjlsvv sn Jhv kcst sbWqf rt. ˆsk n©Hhk} skfmfslv ubA mÌt zfsY. nckvfQ skfmvf bhm, nåm ˆhQ iÑm vfsÛ kf zbcnáfb jv.« (hc} 2023bQ) wshjlsvv nWqfh zuGsbv ubA wshjlv sjfbX vfsk rs¤Y kf ufbf hf slJf wkG

bq. ksh ƒhflskv vfsk wshjlv nQOdek rWqf ˆhQ kfv zbcnáfsb nWqfshv zfwf vfJf wkG. wshjlv sjfbX vfsk OesY kf ufbf spsk ifsv. zfïfr pfsj kWIDj slb, sn dhdHâ t[B slsJ wshjlv hcUsk ifsv. nfrfhfoB ˆjfdLj dblwGb slsJ ufbsk ifvskb wshjlv Oefv jKf. ksh kf ufbf hf slJf bf sost sp kfv nWqfh ifWqf pfsh bf -kf bq. hvQ sp hAdÙÁ „mfb W nWqfshv zfwf svsJ sn vfdÛsk ƒhflk


jvsh, snƒ kfv nWqfshv zdLjfvD rsh; yfsr sn wshjlv slJsk ifj hf bf-ƒ ifj. htf hfùtA, mcndtsmv …dyk, nWqfh W sbjD zuGsbv …sÜswA mrfbhD -ˆv

zfslw W dbslGwmk vmpfsbv swN lwsj wshjlv zs¦hNB jvsk pkhfb W zfoarD rWqf. zk}iv lwde vfsk „mfb W sbjDv zfwf vfJfv nfsK ƒhflk jvsk jvsk sp sjfb vfsk pJb wshjlv tfH jvsh, kJb sn snƒ vfskv zofL nWqfshv zdLjfvD rsq pfsh; pdlW sn hcUsk bf ifsv sp, ‰ lw vfskv msLA sjfbX vfkde wshjlvv™si zdkhfdrk rsq sot. mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ „mfb svsJ W sbjD tfsHv zfwf jsv wshjlsvv vfdÛ djqfm jsv (bfmfp isV), sn hAdÙÁv iCshGjfv sofbfrnmCr mfI rsq pfq.« (hc} 35, mc} 760 bQ, nczf}) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªsp kfv sJ]fsu djqfm jvt ˆhQ sn kf sisk kWIDj tfH jvt kfv iCshGjfv sofbfrnmCr mfI rsq sot.« (zf} 5/318, 22612bQ) zfv ˆjde hBGbfq zfsY, ªsp hAdÙÁ wshjlsv djqfm jvsh ˆhQ sn kf „mfb W sbjDv zfwf vfJfv nfsK sisq pfsh, kfv sofbfrnmCr mfI rsq pfsh.« (mc} 760bQ) zfv ˆ nh snƒ hAdÙÁv LfvBfsj Jàb jsv, sp msb jsv sp, sp hAdÙÁ wshjlv msb

jsv sjfb vfsk djqfm jvsh, kfv wshjlsvv nWqfh tfH rsh; pdlW sn vfsk wshjlv bf rq. (mh} 20/186-187) wshjlsvv t[BnmCr } wshjlsvv djYc t[B zfsY pf vfk msLAƒ slJf pfq ˆhQ zfv djYc t[B zfsY pf vfskv isv njfst slJf pfq. sp nh t[B vfsk idvtd[k rq kf dbm´v™i }-

1. wshjlsvv vfskv zfjfw zöfHfdhj …Ï¶t Kfsj. zhwA ˆ t[B wrv hf oafsmv dHkv dhlcAskv zfstfv mfsU sKsj t[A jvf n©Hh bq. dj§Â pfvf zfstf sKsj lCsv mfsE-mqlfsb Kfsj, kfvf sn ŠÏ¶tA t[A jvsk ifsv.

2. zbAfbA vfskv kctbfq wshjlsvv vfsk mcdmb kfv r™lsq ˆj Lvsbv iaw²Àkf, öd²À W wfd§À shfL jsv.

3. zbAfbA vfskv kctbfq mcdmb wshjlsvv vfsk djqfm hf bfmfsp zdLj dmókf zbcHh jsv.

4. ˆƒ vfsk hfkfn db²Àé Kfsj. zKGf{, sn vfsk sUfsVf hf sufsv rfWqf yst bf. zfhrfWqf zbcjCt Kfsj. mrfbhD hstb, ªwshjlsvv vfk …Ï¶t.« (zf}, k¶fh}, ƒJc} 2192, iamcJ, nuf} 5472, 5475bQ) zbA ˆj hBGbfq dkdb hstb, ªbfdkwDskfò; bf Efàf, bf ovm.« (‰)

5. wshjlsvv vfsk …îf Ycse bf. (‰) 6. ˆ vfsk hxdó rsk ifsv. mrfbhD hstb, ªzfmfsj wshjlv slJfsbf

rsqdYt; dj§Â isv Hcdtsq slWqf rsqsY. zkˆh skfmvf swN lwsjv dhsufV vfsÛ kf zbcnáfb jv. zfv zfdm slsJdY sp, zfdm ifdb W jflfsk dnulf


123

jvdY.« (hc} 2016, mc} 1167bQ) zk}iv 21swv vfdÛsk nkAƒ hxdó rsqdYt. 7. wshjlv sjfb sbj hf¦lf ösi´v mfLAsmW slJsk ifsvb. spmb djYc

nfrfhf kf slsJdYstb. i[f§Àsv sp nh t[B vfskv isv njfst slJf pfq kf rt ˆƒ sp, sn vfskv njfst …lqjfst nCpG rsh nflf; kfv sjfb djvB Kfjsh bf. (mc} 762bQ) zKhf [DB vdÙÁm zh²¿fq …dlk rsh; (nuf} 5475bQ) dEj iCdBGmfv vfskv y]fslv mk. zKGf{, kfv vdw¹ yfdvdlsj dhjDBG rsh bf. zfv stfj mcsJ sp nh t[sBv jKf iaydtk; spmb } sn vfsk jcjcv sHjfq bf hf jm sHjfq, ofY-iftf mfdesk bcsq isV zfïfrsj dnulf jsv, nmcsûv thBfÙÁ ifdb dmEf rsq pfq, bCsvv Utsj zájfv ufqof zfstfdjk rsq pfq, sbj stfsjvf dIdvñfv nftfm ðbsk ifb ƒkAfdl t[BnmCr jf¬idbj. ˆÈdt wvqD ltDt äfvf iamfdBk bq. kfYfVf ˆ nh jKf dbdÇykv™si zdHÎkf W hf²ÀhdhsvfLD. (lcvf} 92ix}, mcm} 6/498-499) wshjlsvv lczf } mf zfsqwf (vf}) jkGxj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfdm httfm, sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfdm wshjlv tfH jvst kfsk dj lczf ifE jvh? …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªkcdm hstf,

ع ف و ت ح ب ال ع ف و ف اع ف ع ن ي ا لل ه م إ ن ك . …¤yfvB}- zfïf-ù©mf ƒâfjf zfIc…hcb kcdrêct zfIWqf, If'Ic zfâD. (zf} 6/171, 182, 183, 258, bf} zfmftct ƒqfWdm zt-tfƒtfr 872bQ, ƒmf} 3850, rf} 1/530)

ا لل ه م إ ن ك ع ف و ك ر ي م ت ح ب ال ع ف و ف اع ف ع ن ي . …¤yfvB}- zfïf-ù©mf ƒâfjf zfIc…hcb jfvDmcb kcdrêct zfIWqf, If'Ic zfâD. (dk} 3513bQ) zKG}- sr zfïfr! dbÇyq kcdm [mfwDt (mrfbcHh), [mfsj iY¦l jv. zkˆh kcdm zfmfsj [mf jsv lfW.


ˆjflw zLAfq dIk¶vfv dhhvB

`nflfjfkct dIk¶Xv'sj `pfjfkct dIk¶Xv' htf rq. `nflfjfr' wède wvqD idvHfNfq Ivp pfjfskv zsKG hAhr™k. zfv ˆ hAhrfv jcvzfb W rflDsn hù ufqofq idvtd[k rq. i[f§Àsv `dIk¶Xv' mfsb rt, svfpf YfVf. nckvfQ `pfjfkct dIk¶Xv'-ˆv mfsb rt, snƒ pfjfk; pf vmpfsbv svfpf YfVfv jfvsB Ivp rq. ˆsj `pfjfkct dIk¶Xvfr'W htf rq. `dIk¶vfr' mfsb iajxdk. spsrkc ˆ pfjfk zfk¹ðdÝ W zfk¹fv zfmtsj dbmGt jvfv ubA slWqf Wqfsuh, kfƒ ˆv bfm pfjfkct dIk¶Xvfr. (dIpf} 2/917)

nflfjfkct dIk¶Xvfv mfb } dIk¶vfv pfjfk zflfq jvf Ivp. zfïfrv vnCt ˆ pfjfksj mcndtm …©mfrv ubA Ivp jsvsYb. ƒhsb …mfv hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt mcndtmslv öfLDb W ÛÁDklfn, icv¢N W bfvD ˆhQ sYfe W hV njstv ubA ˆj nf' (iafq zfVfƒ sjdu) sJucv hf ph JflA (zflfq) Ivp jsvsYb.' (hc} 1503, mc} 984bQ)

nflfjfkct dIk¶Xvfv drjmk } nflfjfkct dIk¶Xv nb lcƒ druvDv wf'hfb mfsn dhdLhÝ rq. ˆ nljfr Ivp jvf rq svfpflfvsj snƒ zhfÒbDq znfvkf W spZbfyfsvv mdtbkf sKsj idhÛ jvfv ubA, pf sn svfpf zh²¿fq jsv sIstsY. ˆƒ nljfr rsh kfv svfpfv msLA Odek Û¢dev nQswfLbD. spsrkc sbjDv jfu ifisj L¶Qn jsv slq. ˆ nljfr Ivp jvf rsqsY, pfsk snƒ „slv JcwD W zfbs¦lv dlsb ovDh-dmnjDbslv nruté zfrfv rq. pfsk kfvfW LbDslv nfsK „slv zfbs¦l wvDj rsk ifsv. pfvf zfu zfsb jft Jfq, pfslv dH[f jsv dlbifk rq, ˆj mcsEf Jfhfsvv ubA pfslvsj stfsjv äfv²¿ rsk rq, kfslvsj z§Àk}is[ „slv dlbefskW spb tfdÒk rsk bf rq ˆhQ Osv Jfhfv slsJ pfsk msbv dHkv JcwDv sT… zfsn, kfv ubAƒ nmfu-dhÎfbD lDb-lvlD äDsbv bhD ˆƒ nchAh²¿f jsv sosYb. ˆƒ swsNfÙÁ drjmskv ubA dbIfnhkD W sYfe dwð zsvfpflfsvv …isvW …ÙÁ nljfr Ivp jvf rsqsY. ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt svfpflfsvv znfvkf W spZbfyfsvv idËtkf sKsj idhÛkf ˆhQ dmnjDbslv zfrfv öv™i Ivp jsvsYb ---.' (nzflf} 1420, ƒmf} 1827, lfvf}, rf} 1/409, hf} 4/163) spmb ˆƒ nljfr zflfq jvsk rq mrfb zfïfrv jxkÎkf öv™i; spsrkc dkdb svfpflfvsj iCBG ˆj mfn svfpf vfJfv kWIDj lfb jsvsYb. (mcm} 6/151) dIk¶vfv nljfr rt slsrv pfjfk. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr ˆƒ slrsj ˆjde hYv zhdwó svsJsYb ˆhQ dbvfiÙf W ncöf²¿A srb sbqfmk hf¦lfsj dlsq svsJsYb. (ƒkrfI} 82ix})


125

dIk¶Xvfv pfjfk Ivp jvf rsqsY zfbcoskAv mfsnv swsN; pfsk zfk¹ðdÝv iadÛÁqf idviCBG rq. spsrkc zfïfrv zfbcoskAv jfu jsv ˆhQ dbdNÝ dudbn huGb jsv zfk¹f dhðÝ W idhÛ rq. klbcv™i mft Jvy jvstW idhÛkf tfH rq. zfv ˆ ubAƒ mft lfbsj `pfjfk' (idhÛkf) htf rq. (48} 13)

jfv …isv Wqfsuh } dIkvfv pfjfk iaskAj snƒ mcndtsmv …iv Ivp, „slv vfk W dlsb pfv ˆjf§À iasqfubDq ˆhQ dbsuv kKf kfv idvhfsvv zfrfsvv sysq zdkdvÙÁ JflA mucl Kfsj. zfv ˆ Ivspv hAfifsv njt hAdÙÁk¶ nmfb. ˆsk öfLDb W ÛÁDklfn, icv¢N W bfvD, sYfe W hV, LbD W ovDh, wrvhfnD W mv¢hfnD (shlcƒb) ˆhQ svfpflfv W zsvfpflfsvv mfsU sjfb ifKGjA sbƒ. ˆj jKfq ˆ pfjfk njstv kvI sKsj zflfqspfoA. ˆ nljfr Ivp rWqfv ubA pfjfskv dbnfh rWqf wkG bq. spsrkc kf hAdÙÁv …iv Ivp, mfstv …iv bq. mfstv nfsK kfv sjfb n©ijGW sbƒ ˆhQ mft shwD rst kfv idvmfB shwDW rq bf. htf hfùtA, ˆ nljfr jfIXIfvfv mk; pf LbD-ovDh njstƒ zflfq jvsk hfLA. spmb ªiaskAj öfLDb W ÛÁDklfn hf¦lfv ubA---« (hc} 1504, mc} 984bQ) rflDsnv ˆƒ wèW LbD-ovDh njstv ubA hAfij; yfsr sn dbnfshv mfdtj srfj zKhf bf srfj. zfhC ùvfƒvf htskb, `---(dIkvfv pfjfk Ivp) iaskAj öfLDb W ÛÁDklfn, icv¢N W bfvD, sYfe W hV, ovDh W LbDv …iv.' (zf} 2/277, lfvf}, hf} 4/164, mfpf} 3/80) i[f§Àsv mrfbhD -ˆv rflDn, ªLbD zh²¿f YfVf sjfb nljfr sbƒ.« (hc} 557ix} kf'tDj, zf} 2/230, 435) ˆv zKG rt, mfstv nljfr. zfv dIkvfv pfjfk Jfn slrfk¹fv nljfr. (mco} 3/74, dIpf} 2/927-929) dIkvfv nljfr zflfq jvfv ubA mCt n©il; spmb udm-ufqof, zfnhfh-iÛ ˆhQ mdrtfv hAhrfsvv ztËfv dhÛÁq jvf uv¢vD bq. zhwA sp dudbn kfv iasqfusbv zdkdvÙÁ ˆhQ pf dhÛÁq jvf n©Hh, kf dhÛÁq jsv dIkvfv nljfr zflfq jvf Wqfsuh. spsrkc smZdtj sjfb [dk YfVf kf zflfq jvf n©Hh. nckvfQ spmb iasqfusbv zdkdvÙÁ …äxÙ JflA-nfmoaD Kfjst zflfq jvsk rk, skmdb zdkdvÙÁ dhÛÁqspfoA dudbn Kfjst kf dhÛÁq jsv dIkvfv nljfr zflfq jvsk rsh. (mco} 3/76, dIpf} 2/930-931) sp hAdÙÁv nljfr zflfq jvfv mk djYc zfsY; dj§Â kfv ‰ idvmfB slbf zfsY, khcW kfsj kf zflfq jvsk rsh. ksh pdl ‡Blfkf kfv ‡B idvswfL sbWqfv ubA kfoflf jsv Kfsj, kfrst sn s[sÛ zfso ‡B idvswfL jvfƒ zfhdwAj; zfv kfv ubA pfjfk Ivp bq. (dIpf} 2/931) iv§Â pfjfk Wqfsuh rWqfv zfso pdl slbf swfL jvfv nmq …id²¿k rsq Kfsj, kfrst ‡Blfkfv i[ sKsj kfoflf bf KfjstW zfso slbf swfL jvsk rsh ˆhQ dIkvfv pfjfk mfI rsq pfsh. (mcm} 6/155)


pfv jfsY hkGmfsb djYc sbƒ, dj§Â isv zfnsh; spmb yfjcvDv shkb, kfsj ‡B jsv nljfr zflfq jvsk rsh. pdl jfsvf Osv zfVfƒ sjdu idvmfB yfƒsk jm JflA Kfsj, kfrst sn kfƒ zflfq jvsh. jfvB, mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªskfmvf pKfnfLA zfïfrsj Hq jv.« (jc} 64/16) zfv mrfbhD hstb, ªzfdm pJb skfmfslvsj djYc zfslw jdv, kJb skfmvf kf pKfnfLA (pkef ifv) iftb jv.« (hc} 7288, mc} 1337, bf}, ƒmf}) (mfwfvf} mudtn bQ 28) pfv HvB-sifNB jvf Wqfsuh, kfv kvI sKsjW dIkvfv pfjfk zflfq jvf Wqfsuh; spmb ²ÃD-n§Àfb iaHxdk - pdl kfvf dbsuslv pfjfk dbsuvf zflfq jvsk n[m bf rq kfrst. zbAKf kfvf dbsuvf dbsuslv dIkvfr zflfq jvst snefƒ …Ùm. spsrkc wvDqskv zfslsw iaskAj hAdÙÁsj nvfndv nsìfLb jvf rq. (mfwfvf} mudtn bQ 28) kfYfVf ƒhsb …mfv -ˆv rflDsn htf rsqsY sp, zfïfrv vnCt sYfe-hV ˆhQ öfLDb-ÛÁDklfn; pfslv HvB-sifNB skfmfslvsj jvsk rq kfslv njstv i[ sKsj dIkvfv nljfr zflfq jvsk zfslw jsvsYb. (lfvf}, hf} 4/161, ƒv} 835bQ)

mfkxuEsv ë™sBv hqn pdl 120 dlb rsq Kfsj, kfrst kfv i[ sKsjW dIkvfv pfjfk zflfq jvf mc²Àfrfh hst djYc …tfmf msb jsvb. htf hfùtA, ë™sBv kvI sKsj dIkvfr zflfq Wqfsuh bq. (dIpf} 2/927, mcm} 6/162)

dIkvfv pfjfskv idvmfB jk? dIkvfv nljfr Wqfsuh rt ˆj nf' idvmfB. ˆJfsb nf' htsk mlDbfq iaydtk bhhD nf' …dÜó. ixdKhDv zbA sjfb zÑst nf' iaydtk KfjstW kf pdl mflfbD nf' sKsj mfsi dHâ rq, kfrst dIkvfr zflfsqv s[sÛ sn nf'-ˆv mfi oarBspfoA bq. bhhD nf'-ˆv mfi zbcpfqD hkGmfb pcso Hft Lvsbv osmv Wub rq 2 sjdu 40 oafm. (mcm} 6/176) zhwA yft ƒkAfdl ndte JflA-ûshAv Wub kfv sKsj shwD rsh. zkˆh ˆj nf' idvmfB JfslAv mfUfmfdU Wub rsh smfefmcde zfVfƒ sjdu mk. (kfƒvf} 31ix}, pfnf} 29ix}) i[f§Àsv zLG nf' om dIkvf slWqfv hAfifvef mczfdhqf -ˆv dbuö mk; sp mskv dhsvfdLkf jsvsYb zfhC nf„l JclvD . dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt pJb zfmfslv mfsU dYstb, kJb zfmvf dIkvfv nljfr iaskAj sYfe W hV, öfLDb W ÛÁDklfsnv kvI sKsj ˆj nf' JflA; ˆj nf' idbv, ˆj nf' ph, ˆj nf' sJucv zKhf ˆj nf' djndmn zflfq dlkfm. ˆƒHfshƒ zfmvf nljfr zflfq dlkfm; zk}iv ˆjlf mczfdhqf dhb zfhC ncdIqfb rÏ zKhf …mvfr jvsk ˆsn (mlDbfq) ˆstb. snƒ nmq dkdb dmìsv Jckhfr slWqfv nmq stfsjslv …sÜswA sp nh jKf hstdYstb, kfv msLA ˆjde jKf dYt ˆƒ sp, `zfdm msb jdv wfsmv zLG nf' (…{jxó) om ˆj nf' sJucsvv nmkctA.' Ist stfsjvf k]fv ˆ mk oarB jsv dbt. zfhC nf„l hstb, `dj§À zfdm kkef idvmfB JflAƒ zfuDhb zflfq dlsk Kfjh, pkef idvmfB zfdm iCshG (zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv pcso) zflfq dlkfm.' (hc} 1508, mc} 985, zflf} 1616bQ)


127

k¶frfhD iamcJ rflDnoas§¿v ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, zfhC nf„l hstb, ` zfdm kkef idvmfB JflAƒ zflfq dlsk Kfjh, pkef idvmfB zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv pcso zflfq dlkfm; ˆj nf' sJucv, ˆj nf' ph, ˆj nf' djndmn zKhf ˆj nf' ibDv.' ˆj hAdÙÁ k]fsj htt, `zKhf zLG nf' om?' dkdb htstb, `bf. êf rt mczfdhqfv mCtA dbLGfvB; zfdm kf oarB jdv bf ˆhQ kfv (ˆ mskv) …iv zfmtW jdv bf.' (ƒo} 3/339) ˆj nf' om dIkvfr slWqfv jKf mrfbhD sKsj iamfdBk bq. spmb zLG nf' om dIkvfr slWqfv rflDn nrDrv luGfq si]ZsY bf. htf hfùtA, dIkvfv mCtA dbLGfvB ndEj rsh bf. hvQ mCtA iaskAj pcso ˆhQ iaskAj slsw dHâ dHâ rsh. sjfb nmq ˆmbW rsk ifsv sp, (sJucsvv idvmfsB) dIkvfq jsqj nf' om zflfq dlsk rsh. smfejKf, nf'-ˆv idvmfisjƒ dIkvfv mfijfdE oBA jvf rt smZdtj hAfifv ˆhQ kfskƒ vsqsY nhGiajfv JflA ˆhQ nhGpcsov ubA iChGnkjGkfmCtj zfmt. zfv ˆƒ mk zbcnvB jvfv mfLAsmƒ ˆ hAfifsv mksHlsj ˆVfsbf n©Hh rsh ˆhQ mfbA jvf rsh ncdbdÇykHfsh iamfdBk rflDnsj. (dIpf} 2/940-941, mcm} 6/179-180)

nflfjfkct dIk¶Xv sjfbX JflA sKsj zflfq jvsk rsh? nflfjfkct dIk¶Xv slswv iaLfb JflA sKsj rWqfƒ hfÒbDq; pdlW rflDsn sn JfslAv …sïJ sbƒ, spmb yft. i[f§Àsv sp nh JfslAv jKf rflDsn ±ió …sïJ ˆsnsY; spmb sJucv, ph, djmdmn W ibDv - ˆ nh JflA zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv pcsov mk slswv iaLfb JflA bf rst kf sKsj dIkvf zflfq psKó rsh bf. rflDsn ‰ yfvde JfslAv …sïJ zfnfv jfvB rt, sn pcso mlDbfq snÈdt iaLfb JflAnfmoaDv™si hAhrfv rk. nckvfQ kfv …sïJ …lfrvBöv™i jvf rsqsY; dbLGfvBöv™i bq. zfhC nf„l hstb, `zfmvf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv pfmfbfq „slv dlb ˆj nf' JflA zflfq dlkfm. zfv kJb zfmfslv JflA dYt, ph, djndmn, ibDv W sJucv.' (hc} 1510bQ) ˆJfsb `JflA' hst smZdtj …iflfsbv iadk ƒdÌk vsqsY. zKGf{, dIkvf dYt mfbcsNv JflA W zfrfv; pf sJsq stfsjvf uDhb LfvB jvk. ˆ jKfv nmKGb jsv ƒhsb zfêfn -ˆv rflDn; dkdb hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt svfpflfsvv znfvkf W spZbfyfsvv idËtkf sKsj idhÛkf ˆhQ dmnjDbslv zfrfv öv™i (nflfjfkct dIk¶Xv) Ivp jsvsYb ---.' (nzflf} 1420, ƒmf} 1827, lfvf}, rf} 1/409, hf} 4/163) nckvfQ sp slswv iaLfb JflA sjfb wnA zKhf It bf rq; hvQ sofñX rq, spmb pfvf ixdKhDv …Ùv smv¢sk hnhfn jsv kfslv iaLfb JflA rt sofñX, kfvf pdl dIk¶vfq sofñX lfb jsv, kfrst ndEj mk ˆƒ sp, db}ns¦lsr kf psKó rsh. nfvjKf, slswv iaLfb JflA wnA, It hf sofñX pfƒ srfj bf sjb, dIkvfq kf lfb jvst dIkvf zflfq rsq pfsh. kfsk sn JfslAv jKf rflDsn ±ió …sïJ Kfj zKhf bf Kfj. (mcm} 6/180-183)


…ÙÁ zfstfybfv sia[fise htf pfq sp, dIkvfq efjf-iqnf, j]fKf-hfdtw-yfefƒ, sthfn-sifwfj, iðJflA zKhf sjfb zfnhfh-iÛ lfb jvst kf psKó bq. jfvB, kf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv dbslGw-dhsvfLD. zfv dkdb hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ˆmb sjfb jfu jsv, pfsk zfmfslv dbslGw sbƒ, kf iakAfJAfk.« (zf} 2/146, hc} kf'tDj 1539ix}, mc} 1718bQ, zflf}, ƒmf}) ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfslv ˆ hAfifsv bkcb djYc …ßfhb jsv pf kfv z§ÀHGcÙÁ bq, kf iakAfJAfk.« (zf} 6/270, hc} 2697, mc} 1718, ƒmf}) efjf-iqnf drnfsh (v¢ifv) dlvrfm ˆhQ (snfbfv) lDbfv mcûf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv pfmfbfq mucl dYt. dj§Â kf nsÙ¶W dkdb dIkvfv pfjfsk ˆj nf' JflA lfb jvskƒ zfslw jvstb ˆhQ kfv mCtA lfb jvfv ˆJdkqfv sOfNBf jvstb bf. nckvfQ dIkvfq JfslAv lfm zflfq slWqf nfrfhf -osBv dhv¢ÝfyvB. spsrkc k]fvf dIkvfv nljfq ˆj nf' JflAƒ lfb jvskb. iv§Â zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªskfmvf zfmfv ncâfr (kvDjf) W zfmfv ivhkGD nciKiafå JtDIfslv ncâfr zhtìb jv. kf Jch nclxPHfsh LfvB jv. zfv zdHbh jmGfhtD sKsj nfhLfb sKsjf.---« (zf} 4/126, 127, zflf} 4607, dk} 2676, ƒmf} 43, 44, ƒdr}, rf} 1/95 iamcJ, ƒo} 2455bQ) kfYfVf dIkvfv pfjfk dbdlGó ûhA sKsj zflfqspfoA ˆjde Ivp ƒhflk. zkˆh dbdlGó ‰ ûhA YfVf zbA ûhA zflfsqv mfLAsm ‰ Ivp iftb rsh bf; spmb kfv dbdlGó nmq YfVf zbA nmsq kfv zflfq psKó rsh bf. i[f§Àsv dIkvfq JflA lfb jvf ƒntfsmv ˆjde ±ió iakDj. dj§Â mCtA zflfq dlst kf sofib lfsb idvBk rsq pfq. htf hfùtA, ncâfrv zbcnvB jvfƒ zfmfslv ubA …Ùm ˆhQ kfskƒ zfsY nfdhGj mÌt. (mfwfvf} mudtn bQ 28, Icdnkfpf} 30ix}) hcUf sot sp, oafm-wrv njt ²¿fsb iaLfb JflA yft dIkvf slWqfv idvhskG kfv dbdlGó mCtA zflfq jvf psKó bq. yfjcvD-uDhD rstW kfsj yft ÛÁq jsvƒ dIkvf dlsk rsh. zhwA kfv sjfb ˆmb iadkdbdL zKhf sjfb ˆmb nQ²¿fsj efjf slWqf ytsh, sp JflA ÛÁq jsv „slv zfso ovDhslv rfsk si]ZsY slsh. zfv lfsbv s[sÛ mLAm Lvsbv yft ˆJdkqfv jvf hfÒbDq. bsy{ ƒ¤Yfjxk dbm´mfsbv yft lfb jvst mrfb zfïfrv lvhfsv kf oarBspfoA rsh bf. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

و ال ت ي م م وا ال خ ب ي ث م ن ه ت ن ف ق و ن و ل س ت م ب آخ ذ (( ي ه إ ال أ ن ت غ م ض و ا ف ي ه .((

zKGf{, (sr „mfblfvoB! skfmvf skfmfslv …ifduGk ˆhQ HCdm rsk …{iflbjxk h²Âv msLA pf …{jxó kf lfb jv.) zfv kf rsk m¦l dudbn lfb jsvf bf; zKy syfJ há jsv YfVf skfmvf dbsu kf oarB jvsh bf . (jc} 2/267)

dIkvf jJb Wqfsuh rq? vmpfsbv swN dlsbv nCpG z²À pfWqfv nfsK nfsK dIkvfv pfjfk Wqfsuh rq. ˆ nmq rt vmpfsbv swN svfpf ƒIkfv jvfv nmq. zfv ˆ nmsqv dlsj nìÝ jsvƒ kfv bfm rsqsY `nflfjfkct dIk¶Xv'. htf hfùtA, ƒIkfv jvfv nmq hf²Àhfdqk rq „slv vfskv náAfq nCpG sFfhfv nfsK nfsK. zkˆh ˆ nmsq sp wvDqskv zfÎfiafå


129

Kfjsh sjht kfvƒ …iv ‰ pfjfk Wqfsuh ˆhQ kfv isv sj… zfÎfiafå rst kf Wqfsuh bq. spmb „slv vfskv nCpG sFfhfv nfmfbA[B iv pdl sj… ƒntfsm lDd[k rq zKhf sjfb dwð u¦moarB jsv, zKhf swN vmpfsbv nCpG sFfhfv nfmfbA[B iCshG pdl sj… mfvf pfq, kfrst …ÙÁ iajfv stfsjslv …iv dIkvf Wqfsuh bq. zhwA mfsqv osHG ë™sBv kvI sKsj pfjfk slWqf zsbj …tfmf mc²Àfrfh hstsYb; spmb sn jKf iCshGƒ …sïJ rsqsY. i[f§Àsv ‰ dlsbv nCpG sFfhfv nfmfbA[B zfso pdl sj… ƒntfsm lDd[k rq zKhf sjfb dwð u¦moarB jsv, zKhf nCpG sFfhfv nfmfbA[B isv pdl sj… mfvf pfq, kfrst …ÙÁ iajfv stfsjslv …iv dIkvf Wqfsuh. (mcm} 6/166-167, mfwfvf} mudtn bQ 28)

dIkvf jJb dlsk rsh? dIkvf zflfq jvfv lcde nmq zfsY; kfv msLA ˆjde nmsq zflfq dlst IpDtk ifWqf pfsh ˆhQ zbA ˆjdev nmsq lfb jvst psKó rsq pfsh. iaKm nmsq dlsk rq ˆhQ däkDq nmsq slWqf yst. iaKm nmsq slWqfƒ dhsLq ˆhQ däkDq nmsq slWqf ShL. ˆƒ pfjfk zflfsqv IpDtskv nmq rt, „slv njfst bfmfspv iCshG. zfhC nf„l JclvD hstb, `zfmvf bhD -ˆv pcso „lct dIk¶Xsvv dlb ˆj nf' JflA lfb jvkfm.' (hc} 1510bQ)

ƒhsb …mfv hstb, `bhD stfsjslv „slv bfmfspv ubA shv rWqfv iCshG dIkvfv pfjfk zflfq slWqfv zfslw dlsqsYb.' (hc} 1509, mc} 986bQ) ƒhsb …qfƒbfr k]fv kInDv-oas§¿ zfmXv dhb lDbfv sKsj hBGbf jsvsYb, ƒjvfmf hstb, `stfsj kfv dIkvfv pfjfk „slv bfmfspv iCshG (dmnjDbslvsj) siw jsv slsh. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstb, )) لىه فصبر ماس ذكركى وزت نم أفلح قد (( zKGf{, snƒ hAdÙÁ nfItA tfH jvsh, sp (pfjfk dlsq) idhÛ rsh ˆhQ kfv iaHcv bfm ±mvB jsv bfmfp iVsh. (jc} 87/14-15) ˆƒ ubAƒ „lct dIk¶Xsvv bfmfp slvD jsv iVf …Ùm. pfsk dIkvf zflfq slWqfv ubA nmq nQjDBG bf rq. ˆƒ pfjfk zflfsqv ShL nmq rt „slv zfso lc-ˆj dlb. bfsI' hstb, `ƒhsb …mfv sYfe-hV njstv kvI sKsj dIkvf dlskb; ˆmb dj zfmfv sYstslv kvI sKsjW dkdb dIkvf shv jvskb. zfv kfslvsj lfb jvskb, pfvf kf oarB jvk. kfslvsj „slv ˆj zKhf lcƒ dlb zfso dlsq slWqf rk.' (hc} 1511, zflf} 1610bQ) ˆ pfjfk dlsk „slv bfmfspv iv ipG§À slvD jvf ShL bq. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ „slv bfmfspv iv kf zflfq slq, kfv pfjfk jhct rq bf. jfvB, kfv jfu mrfbhD -ˆv dbslGw-dhsvfLD. ƒhsb zfêfsnv rflDsn hdBGk, mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ kf bfmfspv


iCshG zflfq slq kfv pfjfk jhct rq. zfv sp kf bfmfspv isv zflfq slq, kfv sn pfjfk nfLfvB lfb hst oBA rq.« (nzflf} 1420, ƒmf} 1827, rf} 1/409, hf} 4/163) zhwA sjfb zncdhLfv ubA bfmfspv iv dlst kfv pfjfk jhct rsq pfsh. spmb, pdl sj… „slv njfst ˆmb ufqofq Kfsj, spJfsb pfjfk sbWqfv mk stfj sbƒ, zKhf njfst rEf{ jsv „slv Jhv ˆst dIkvf zflfq slWqfv ncspfo bf sist, zKhf ziv jf…sj kf zflfq slWqfv Hfv slWqfv iv sn kf Hcst sost „slv bfmfspv iv kf zflfq dlst slfNfhr bq. spsrkc ˆ hAfifsv kfv Wuv oarBspfoA. Wqfsuh rt, pKf nmsq „slv bfmfspv iCshGƒ ovDh-dmnjDbslv rfsk zKhf kfslv sjfb iadkdbdLv rfsk si]ZsY pfWqf. pfsj slWqfv ƒ¤Yf dYt kfsj hf kfv iadkdbdLsj sn nmq bf ifWqf sost zbA rjlfvsj lfb jsv dlsk rsh. khcW pKf nmq zdkhfdrk jvf pfsh bf. (mfwfvf} mudtn bQ 28) i[f§Àsv ƒhsb …mfv jkGxj sp rflDn hdBGk zfsY, `„slv bfmfspv ubA shv rsq pfWqfv iCshG zfmfslvsj dIkvfv pfjfk shv jsv slWqfv zfslw slWqf rk. zk}iv bfmfp sKsj dIvfv iv zfïfrv vnCt kf dmnjDbslv mfsU h¦eb jsv dlskb---.' kf nrDr bq; hvQ kf ziafmfBA W pqDI. (ƒo} 844bQ û})

pfjfk sjfKfq dlsk rsh? pfjfk zflfq jvfv nmq mcndtm sp ufqofq Kfsj, sn ufqofv ldvû mfbcNslv mfsU dhkvB jvsk rsh. kfsk sn ufqof kfv ²¿fqD zfhfnHCdm srfj zKhf z²¿fqD iahfnHCdm. dhswN jsv sn ufqof pdl mfrfk¹AiCBG rq; spmb mÄf W mlDbf, zKhf sn ufqofv ovDh mfbcNvf shwD zHfhD rq, kfrst sn ufqofskƒ pfjfk h¦eb jvf jkGhA. dj§Â zh²¿fb s[sÛ pdl nljfr oarBjfvD sjfb ovDh mfbcN bf Kfsj, zKhf rjlfv stfj ufbf bf Kfsj, kfrst spJfsb zfsY snJfsb sjfb iadkdbdLsj pfjfk dhkvB jvfv Hfv ziGB jvsk rsh. ksh zhwAƒ kfslv rfsk snƒ pfjfk „slv bfmfspv zfso si]ZYsk rsh. (mfufïfkcl lf'Wqf 1674/41)

pfjfskv rjlfv W h¦eb-iÝdk dIkvfv pfjfskv rjlfv rt ovDh mfbcNvf ˆhQ snƒ ‡Boa²À mfbcNvf, pfvf kfslv ‡B idvswfL jvsk ifvsY bf. ˆƒ swaBDv mfbcNslvsj kfslv iasqfub zbcpfqD pfjfk slWqf pfsh. ˆjde dIkvf jsqjde dmnjDbsj slWqf ytsh. spmb jsqjde dIkvf slWqf ytsh ˆjde mfÛ dmnjDbsj. spsrkc mrfbhD jk dlsk rsh kf dbLGfvB jsvsYb; dj§Â jqub dmnjDbsj dlsk rsh, kf dbLGfvB jsvb db. nckvfQ pdl jsqj ub dmst dbu dbu dIkvf smsi ˆj ufqofq umf jsv ˆhQ kfviv bf smsiƒ dmnjDbslv mfsU dhkvB jsv kfrst kfsk sjfb [dk sbƒ. ksh ˆ jKf dmnjDbslvsj ufdbsq slWqf …dyk sp, kfvf ‰ lfsbv idvmfB ufsb bf. bsy{,


131

mfif zfsY msb jsv sj… ‰ dIkvf dbsuv kvI sKsj zflfq dlst sLfjfq iVsk ifsv. htf hfùtA, dmnjDb jfsvf jfY sKsj dIkvf dbsq snƒ dIkvfƒ dbsuv zKhf idvhfsvv jfsvf kvI sKsj zbA dmnjDbsj dIkvf drnfsh dlsk ifsv. zhwA sn kf smsi sbsh zKhf sp dlsqsY kfv jfY sKsj dhw¶fnAv™si susb sbsh sp, kf idviCBG ˆjde dIkvf. (mfwfvf} mudtn bQ 28)

äflw zLAfq „l W kfv dhdHâ zfrjfm

„l rt snƒ dlb iftsbv bfm, pf mfbcsNv dyvfydvk zHAfn. „l mfsb dIsv zfnf. spsrkc JcwDv hfkGf dbsq „l hf{ndvj hfvhfv dIsv zfsn ˆhQ mfbcN kf hfvhfv iftb jsv, kfƒ kfsj „l htf rq. iaskAj ufdkv zfyvsB „l iftb jvfv iaKf hV iafyDb. iaskAj hV hV Oebf-iahfrsj …it[A jsv kfvƒ mfLAsm snƒ n¹xdk ufovB jsv „l (ihG) iftb jsv Kfsj ˆhQ kfsk kfvf bfbf Lvsbv JcwD W zfb¦l iajfw jsv Kfsj. zmcndtm ufdkv ihG nfLfvBk} sjfb bf sjfb ShNdqj hAfifsvv nfsK udVk. spmb bWsvfu, dÛÁnmfn sF, mfkxdlhn, Hfstfhfnf dlhn, u¦mdlb, dhhfr-hfdNGjD iaHxdk ihG. spsrkc snÈstf kfslv mboVf „l, snsrkc kfsk kfslv snsvI h²ÂhflD …{nh W zfVìvƒ idvtd[k rq. i[f§Àsv mcndtm …©mfrv „l rq sjfb äDbD …it[Asj sj¦û jsv. mrfb zfïfrv sjfb ƒhflk idviCBG jsv ˆhQ k]fv vnCt -ˆv dhdLhÝ wvDqk zbcpfqD k]fsj n§Âó jvfv mfLAsm kf iftb jvf rq. sjbbf, mcdmbslv ˆ lcdbqfq JcwD rt ˆjmfÛ mfWtfsj vfuD jsvƒ. pJb mcdmb dbu mfWtfv sjfb zfbcokA idviCBG jsv ˆhQ kfv …iv k]fv slWqf nWqfh W icvõfv tfH jsv kJbƒ JcwDv Tt sbsm zfsn kfv r™lq-msb. spsrkc sn dhw¶fn W Hvnf vfsJ snƒ zfbcoskAv …iv k]fv mfWtfv zbcoar W [mfv iadkwa¢dkv …iv. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

ق ل ب ف ض ل اهللا و ب ر ح م ت ه ف ب ذ ل ك ف ل ي ف ر ح و ا ه و خ ي ر م م ا ي ج م ع و ن (( (( zKGf{, kcdm ht, zfïfrv ˆƒ zbcoar W jv¢Bf dbsqƒ kfslvsj JcwD rWqf …dyk. zfv kfvf pf iCÓDHCk jsv kf (lcdbqf) zsi[f ˆde swaq. (jc} 10/58) rpvk zftD hstb, `spdlb zfdm zfïfrv sjfb iajfv bfIvmfdb jdv bf, sndlbƒ zfmfv „l.' zbAfbA ufdkv „l zsbj. jfvB, snnh „l kfslv dbuö mboVf. dj§Â mcndtmslv (hf{ndvj) mfÛ lcde „l; ˆv sjfb kxkDq sbƒ - „lct dIk¶Xv W „lct zfprf. zfv ˆ lcde „l mrfb zfïfrvƒ dhLfb. dkdbƒ hf¦lfv ubA iftbDq jsvsYb. zfbfn hstb,


mrfbhD mlDbfq zfomb jvst slJstb, mlDbfhfnDvf lcde „l iftb jvsY. kf slsJ dkdb htstb, (ufsrdtqfsk) skfmfslv lcde dlb dYt pfsk skfmvf sJtfLCtf jvsk. ˆ[sB ‰ dlsbv idvhskG zfïfr skfmfslvsj lcde …Ùm dlb ialfb jsvsYb; „lct dIkv ˆhQ „lct zfprfv dlb.' (nzflf} 1004, bf} 1555bQ) zhwA ˆ YfVf ˆjde nfåfdrj „l zfsY. zfv kf rt ucmzfrv dlb. nåfrfs§À ˆjhfv dIsv zfsn ˆƒ „l. zhwA ˆJfsb zfmfslv zfstfybf rsh „lct dIk¶v dbsq.(7)

„slv bfmfspv Èv¢k¶ } „slv JcwDv iaLfb zÌ rt, „slv bfmfp. ˆƒ bfmfp dhdLhÝ rq druvDv iaKm nsbƒ. ˆ bfmfp 2 vfjzfk ncâfsk mczfÄflfr. mrfbhD k]fv uDhsbv iaskAj „slƒ ˆ bfmfp zflfq jsvsYb ˆhQ icv¢N W mdrtf njtsjƒ ˆ bfmfp zflfq jvfv ubA („lofsr) shv rsk zfslw jsvsYb. (dInc} 1/277, kfƒvf} 33ix}) nkAfbcnáfbD hù …tfmf „slv bfmfpsj Wqfsuh msb jsvb; pf sjfb Wpv YfVf mfI bq. k]fvf ˆv jfvB ldwGsq hstb, spsrkc mrfbhD k]fv uDhsb iaskAjde „sl ˆ bfmfp zflfq jsvsYb ˆhQ sjfb „slƒ kf kAfo jsvb db. mdrtfslvsj ˆ bfmfp zflfq jvfv ts[A Ov sKsj shv rsk zfslw jsvsYb. zfv zfslw jvfv mfsbƒ rt kf Wqfsuh. kfYfVf „slv bfmfp rt ƒntfsmv zbAkm iakDj. zfv äDsbv iakDj Wqfsuh YfVf zfv dj rsk ifsv? spmb „l W ucmzfr ˆjƒ dlsb ˆjdÛk rst ˆhQ „slv bfmfp zflfq jvst zfv ucmzfr bf iVstW yst. zfv ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, sjfb bIt zfmt sjfb Ivp zfmtsj Èv¢k¶rDb jvsk ifsv bf. (û} = mfIf} ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr 23/161, djnf} ƒhbct jfƒsqAm 11ix}, bfzf} 3/310-311, mcm} 5/151, kfdm} 344ix}, Ifdn} mcndbl 116ix}) dj§Â p]fvf hstb, „slv bfmfp Wqfsuh bq; hvQ kf ncâfsk mczfÄflfr, k]fvf ltDtöv™i snƒ zfvh shlcƒsbv rflDnde siw jsvb, sp rflDsn mrfbhD ‰ shlcƒbsj ƒntfsmv Ivp zfmt dw[f dlstb ˆhQ kfv msLA 5 zÙÁX bfmfpW wfdmt dYt. shlcƒb k]fsj duÎfnf jvt, ˆ YfVf dj zfmfv …iv zbA djYc Ivp zfsY? …Ùsv mrfbhD htstb, ªbf, zhwA kcdm pdl bIt drnfsh iV, (kfrst sn jKf zftflf.)« (hc} 46, mc} 11bQ) zkˆh hcUf sot sp, 5 zÙÁX bfmfp YfVf zbA sjfb bfmfp Ivp hf Wqfsuh bq. „slv bfmfp Wqfsuh bf rstW kfv ixKj ShdwóA W hV Èv¢k¶ vsqsY. zfv zfïfrƒ Hft ufsbb.

(٧) „lct zfprf dbsq zfstfybf `pct-rsÏv skv dlb'-ˆ ûóhA.


133

„slv zflh „slv ubA sofnt jvf } „slv bfmfspv ubA sofnt jvf mc²Àfrfh. ƒhsb …mfv sKsj dhðÝ nCsÛ hdBGk sp, dkdb „lct dIk¶Xsvv dlb „lofsr pfWqfv iCshG sofnt jvskb. (mf} 428bQ) nf„l dhb mcnfƒqfh sKsj nrDr nCsÛ hdBGk zfsY, dkdb hstb, `„lct dIk¶Xsvv ncâk rt 3de; ifsq sr]se „lofsr pfWqf, pfWqfv zfso djYc JfWqf ˆhQ sofnt jvf.' (ƒo} 3/104) zfv n©Hhk} dkdb ˆ ncâk 3de sjfb sjfb nfrfhf sKsj oarB jsvsYb. ƒmfm bWhD „slv bfmfspv ubA sofnt jvf mc²Àfrfh rWqfv hAfifsv …tfmfoB ˆjmk zfsYb hst …sïJ jsvsYb. kfYfVf sp zsKG ucmzfr ƒkAfdl nfLfvB nmfshswv ubA sofnt jvf mc²Àfrfh, snƒ zKG „slW hkGmfb. hvQ snƒ zKG „sl zdLjkv ±ió. (lcvf} 97ix})

„slv ubA nfunÏf W ncodá hAhrfv } nrDr hcJfvDsk `„l W kfv ubA nfunÏf oarB'-ˆv hfsh hdBGk zfNfsv zfècïfr

dhb …mfv hstb, ˆjlf …mfv ˆjde smfef svwsmv SkvD ucêf hfufsv dhÛÁq rsk slsJ dkdb kf dbsq zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv jfsY ˆsn htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb êf ÛÁq jsv dbb. ˆde „l W hdrvfok vfu-iadkdbdLslv ubA idvLfb jsv snZ¦lpG LfvB jvshb.' dj§Â dkdb htstb, ªˆde skf kfslv sthfn, pfslv (ivjfst) sjfb zQw sbƒ.« (hc} 948bQ) ƒhsb jclfmfr hstb, ˆƒ rflDn sKsj hcUf pfq sp, …ÙÁ nmsq snZ¦lpG LfvB jvf k]fslv dbje iaydtk dYt. (mco} 3/257) …ÙÁ Oebfq zfïfrv vnCt snZ¦lpG LfvsBv hAfifsv zfidÙ ufbfstb bf. dj§Â kf ÛÁq jvsk zfidÙ ufbfstb; sjbbf kf dYt svwsmv SkvD. (lcvf} 99ix}) k¶fhfvfbDsk ƒhsb zfêfn jkGxj hdBGk zfsY sp, bhD „slv dlsb ˆjde tft vsMv syj-jfef yflv ivskb. (dnn} 1279bQ û}) ƒhsb …mfv „slv ubA k]fv nhsysq shwD nc¦lv sthfnde idvLfb jvskb. (hf} 3/281) zfècïfr dhb …mfv …Hq „sl k]fv nh yfƒsk shwD nc¦lv sifwfjde idvLfb jvskb. (hf}, Ihf} 2/510) ƒmfm mfstj hstb, `zfdm zfrst ƒtXmslv jfsY ðsbdY, k]fvf iaskAj „sl nfunÏf W ncodá hAhrfvsj mc²Àfrfh msb jvskb.' nckvfQ icv¢sNv ubA …dyk rt, „slv bfmfspv ubA shv rWqfv zfso kfv nh yfƒsk nc¦lv sifwfjde idvLfb jvsh. zhwA mdrtfvf Ov sKsj shv rWqfv nmq (dHkv hfdrsvv) nhGiajfv snZ¦lpG ialwGb sKsj lCsv Kfjsh. spsrkc shofbf icv¢sNv


n©mcsJ mdrtfv snZ¦lpG iajfw jvf rfvfm. zbcv™i rfvfm - Ov sKsj shv rWqfv zfso sjfb iajfv sn¦eX, ifvdI…m, zfkv hf ncoámq dÛÁm-if…Ffv zKhf zbA sjfb ianfLb hAhrfv. spmb, hfƒsv shv rsq kfv ytsb, htsb, Hfsh, HdÌmfq spb-skb iajfsv sjfb icv¢Nsj dbsuv dlsj zfjxó jvf. spsrkc sn skf sn nmq sjht mrfb zfïfrv ƒhflk W zfbcokA jvfv …sÜswAƒ shv rq. kfrst sp mcdmb mdrtf k]fv zfbcoskA n§Âdó tfsHv …sÜswA shv rq, sn zfhfv k]fvƒ bfIvmfdb jsv efƒedIeX hf yc²ÀX zKhf lxdó-zfjNGj vdMb sifwfj idvLfb jsv dj jsv zKhf ncodá hAhrfv jsv shv rq djHfsh? (lcvf} 99-100ix})

„slv bfmfspv ubA shv rWqfv iCshG djYc JfWqf } „lofsrv ubA shv rWqfv iCshG 3 zKhf 5 shsufV nQJAj sJucv JfWqf mc²Àfrfh. zfbfn hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt „lct dIksvv dlb djYc sJucv bf sJsq shv rskb bf.' ˆj hBGbfq zfsY sp, `dkdb kf shsufV nQJAj sJskb.' (hc} 953, ƒmf} 1754, ƒJc} 1429bQ) ˆƒ JfWqfv diYsb drjmk rt, pfsk sj… msb bf jsv sp, „slv bfmfp ipG§À svfpf vfJsk rq. zfv ˆsk vsqsY svfpf sHsÌ nk¶v mrfb zfïfrv ùjcm iftb. (Ihf} 2/518) sjfb sjfb …tfmf msb jsvb sp, pdl sj… Iuv …lq rWqfv isv ˆhQ Iusvv bfmfp iVfv zfsoW sJsq sbq, kfrst …sÜwA nIt rsq pfsh. jfvB, sn zh²¿fq sn dlsbv shtfq sJsqsY hstƒ dhshdyk rsh. zhwA …Ùm rt, „lofsr shv rWqfv zhAhdrk iCshGƒ kf JfWqf. (mcm} 5/161) iajfw Kfsj sp, sJucv bf ifWqf sost sp sjfb Jfhfv sJstƒ psKó rsh.

„lofsr shv rWqf } ncâk ˆƒ sp, „slv bfmfspv ubA oafm-wrsvv hfƒsv „lofr rsh. spsrkc mrfbhD …Hq „slv dlb mndul kAfo jsv „lofsr shv rskb. zbcv™i zfmt dYt JctfIfsq vfswlDsbv ˆhQ k]fslv ivhkGDslv. (û} hc} 956, mc} 889, bf} 1575, hf} 3/280, zf} 3/36, 54)

ifsq sr]se pfWqf } ifsq sr]se „lofsr pfWqf mc²Àfrfh. ƒhsb …mfv W zbAfbA nfrfhf jkGxj hdBGk sp, mrfbhD ifsq sr]se „lofsr spskb ˆhQ ifsq sr]seƒ hfdV dIvskb. (nƒmf} 1070, 1071, 1073bQ) zftD hstb, `ˆjde ncâk rt, ifsq sr]se „lofr pfWqf.' (dk} 530, nƒmf} 1072, hf} 3/281) ˆ YfVf nf„l dhb mcnfƒsqshv …dÙÁ iCshG …dïdJk rsqsY; dkdb hstsYb, `„lct dIk¶Xsvv ncâk rt 3de; ifsq sr]se „lofsr pfWqf, pfWqfv zfso djYc JfWqf ˆhQ sofnt jvf.' (ƒo} 3/104) pcrvD hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt jJsbf ufbfpfq zKhf


135

„lct dIksv zKhf „lct zfprfq nWqfv rsq pfb db.' (‰ 3/103) ƒmfm zfrmfl hstb, `zfmvf sr]se pfƒ, zfmfslv „lofr dbjse. lCsv rst nWqfv rsq pfWqfq slfN sbƒ.' (mcobD 2/374)

dwð W mdrtfslv „lofsr pfWqf } dwð W mdrtfv ubAW „lofsr pfWqf dhsLq. yfsr mdrtf jcmfvD srfj zKhf zjcmfvD, pchkD srfj zKhf hxÝf, idhÛf srfj zKhf ‡kcmkD. …s©m zfdkqAfr hstb, `zfmfslvsj zfïfrv vnCt zfslw dlsqsYb sp, zfmvf spb mdrtfslvsj …Hq „sl (Ov sKsj „lofsr) shv jdv. ksh ‡kcmkD mdrtf bfmfspv ²¿fb sKsj lCsv Kfjsh. kfvf zbAfbA mÌt W mcndtmslv lczfv ubA …id²¿k rsh. kfvf icv¢Nslv diYsb zh²¿fb jvsh. icv¢Nslv nfsK kfvfW (db}wsè) kjhDv ifE jvsh.' dkdb hstb, zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfslv jfsvf jfsvf yflv bf Kfjst?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªkfv sjfb shfb kfsj dbu (zdkdvÙÁ zKhf idvdrk hV) yflv ivsk slsh.« (hc} 324, 974, mc} 890bQ) ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt dbu jbAf W ²ÃDslvsj …Hq „sl „lofsr shv rsk zfslw dlskb.' (zf} 1/231, ƒzfwf} iamcJ, dnn} 2115, nuf} 4888bQ) dhdlk sp, „lofsr shv rst mdrtfslv ubA ilGf oarB jvf Wqfsuh. shilGf rsq, sn¦e hf zfkv hAhrfv jsv, icv¢Nslv lxdó-zfjNGD nfu-nÏf jsv shv rWqf ShL bq. ShL bq icv¢Nslv ifwfifdw ytf, kfslv dH]sV iashw jvf. htf hfùtA, ivhkGD pcso mdrtf äfvf bfbf Ifnfl W zOeb Oefv Ist p]fvf kfslvsj „lofsr spsk hfLf slb hf zShL msb jsvb, k]fslv mk ndEj bq. zhwA pdl k]fvf sjht shilGf mdrtf ˆhQ ilGfq dTt mfsv ˆmb mdrtfslv s[sÛ ‰ hfLf iasqfo jsvb, kfrst kf ndEj hst njst smsb sbsh. (zfzfnf„} 26ix}, mfhf} 136/25) i[f§Àsv ilGfbwDb mdrtf nr njt mdrtfv ubA ‰ hfLf hAfij jvf ðÝ bq. jfvB, mrfbhD kfslvsj shv rsk zfslw jsvsYb. ˆmb dj wfqJct ƒntfm ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr (v}) hstsYb, `mdrtfslv ubA „lofsr shv rWqf WqfsuhW htf spsk ifsv.' (ƒdI} 82ix}, mfhf} 136/25) zkˆh ±ió sp, „slv bfmfp zflfsqv ubA mdrtfslv mndusl zKhf sjfb Osv umfsqk rsq ixKjHfsh ufmfzfk jvf ˆhQ mcndtmslv nfLfvB ufmfzfskv nfsK kfslv shv bf rWqf mrfbhD -ˆv zfslswv idvi§¿D jfu. …dyk rt, mdrtfslvsj ilGf jvf ˆhQ „lofsrW ilGfv hAh²¿f jvf.

„slv dlb kjhDv ifE } swN svfpfv dlb nCpG z²À pfWqfv iv sKsj „slv bfmfp ðv¢ rWqf ipG§À kjhDv ifE jvf dhsLq. ˆv ltDt mrfb zfïfrv ±ió hfBD }

و ل ت ك م ل وا ال ع د ة و ل ت ك ب ر وا اهللا (( ع ل ى م ا ه د اك م و ل ع ل ك م ت ش ك ر و ن ((


zKGf{, spb skfmvf dbLGfdvk nQJAf iCvB jsv dbsk ifv ˆhQ skfmfslvsj sp nciK sldJsqsYb kfv ubA skfmvf zfïfrv kjhDv ifE jv ˆhQ spb skfmvf jxkÎkf iajfw jvsk ifv. (jc} 2/185) sjfb sjfb …tfmf hstb, ˆƒ kjhDv ifE jvf Wqfsuh. zhwA kf ˆjhfv ifE jvstƒ Wqfsuh iftsb psKó rsh. (mcrfïf} 5/89) ˆƒ kjhDv zfïfrv kf'pDm sOfNBf ˆhQ k]fv ƒhflk W wcjdvqf iajfswv …sÜswA icv¢sNv ubA mndusl, Osv, hfufsv W vf²Àf-Ofse …¤yösv ifE jvf ncâk. ntIslv dbje „lofsrv iadk shv rWqf sKsj ðv¢ jsv ƒmfm zfnfv zfso ipG§À …ÙÁ kjhDv ifE jvfv jKf zdkwq iadnÝ dYt. ˆ jKf ntIslv zfmt hBGbfjfvD ˆj ufmfzfk oa§¿jfv; spmb ƒhsb zfhD wfƒhfr, zfècv vfpXpfj W dIvqfhD k]fslv ˆ zfmt dbu dbu oas§¿ hBGbf jsvsYb. zfv mrfbhD jkGxjW ˆ jKf nvfndvHfsh hBGbf jvf rsqsY. (ƒo} 3/121-123, zfïfmf zfthfbD ˆ hAfifsv mfvIC' W mfWjCI …Hq nCÛsj nrDr hstsYb.)

kjhDsvv wèfhtD } ƒhsb mfn†l kjhDv ifE jsv htskb,

اهللا أ ك ب ر، ا هللا أ ك ب ر، ال إ له إ ال اهللا و اهللا أ ك ب ر، ا هللا أ ك ب ر، و هللا ال ح م د( . `zfïf-ù zfjhfv, zfïf-ù zfjhfv, tf ƒtf-rf ƒïfïf-ù zïf-ù zfjhfv, zfïf-ù zfjhfv zdtïfdrt rfmXl.' (ƒzfwf} 5650, 5652bQ, ƒo} 3/125) ƒhsb zfêfn htskb,

اهللا أ ك ب ر، ا هللا أ ك ب ر، ا هللا أ ك ب ر، و هللا ال ح م د، ا هللا أ ك ب ر و أ ج ل ، ا هللا أ ك ب ر ع لى م ( ) ا ه د ان ا `zfïf-ù zfjhfv, zfïf-ù zfjhfv, zfïf-ù zfjhfv, zdtïfdrt rfmXl. zfïf-ù zfjhfv z zfufïX, zfïfù zfjhfv zftf mf rflf-bf.' (hf} 3/315, ƒo} 3/125) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,

اهللا أ ك ب ر ك ب ي را ، ا هللا أ ك ب رك ب ي را ، ا هللا أ ك ب ر و أ ج ل ، ا هللا( أ ك ب ر، و هللا ال ح م د ( `zfïf-ù zfjhfv jfhDvf, zfïf-ù zfjhfv jfhDvf, zfïf-ù zfjhfv z zfufïX, zfïfù zfjhfv, zdtïfdrt rfmXl.' (ƒzfwf} 5645, 5654, ƒo} 3/125) mdrtfvfW ˆƒ kjhDv ifE jvsh, ksh dbm´ösv. pfsk ofqv mfrvfm sjfb icv¢N kfv ˆƒ kjhDv ifsEv wè bf ðbsk ifq. …s©m zfdkqAfr (vf}) hstb, `--- ˆmbdj zfmvf ‡kcmkD mdrtfslvsjW „lofsr shv jvkfm. kfvf icv¢Nslv diYsb zh²¿fb jvk; kfslv kjhDv iVf ðsb kfvfW kjhDv ifE jvk ˆhQ kfslv lczf ðsb kfvfW lczf jvk. kfvf ‰ dlsbv hjGk W idhÛkf zfwf jvk.' (hc} 971, mc} 890bQ) i[f§Àsv nmshk jsØ nmösv ufmfzfkD kjhDv zKhf ˆjub htfv iv zbA njstv ˆjƒ nfsK kjhDv ifE dhlzfk. spsrkc dpjXv-zfpjfsv mrfbhD -ˆv zflwG rt, iaskAj hAdÙÁ dbu dbu dpjXv ˆjfjD ifE jvsh. nckvfQ k]fv W k]fv


137

nfrfhfslv zflwG sKsj dhycAk rWqf jfsvf ubA …dyk bq. (zfzfnf„} 31-32ix})

„slv bfmfspv nmq } „slv bfmfspv nmq yfsñv bfmfspv nmsqv mk. spsrkc zfècïfr dhb hcnXv stfsjslv nfsK „lct dIkXv zKhf „lct zfprfv dlsb „lofsr shv rstb. ƒmfm nfsrshv …id²¿k rsk slvD slsJ zfidÙ ufdbsq htstb, `zfmvf bhD -ˆv nfsK ˆk[B bfmfp sKsj Ifsvo rsq spkfm.' zfv sn nmqde dYt yfsñv nmq. (hc} dhbf nbsl iakAsqv nfsK 191ix}, zflf} 1135, ƒmf} 1317, rf} 1/295, hf} 3/282) zfv yfsñv bfmfspv nmq ðv¢ rq nCpG pJb lwGsjv syfsJ ˆj hwGf (ˆj dmefv) idvmfB …isv WsE. zKGf{ nCpG WEfv smfefmcde 15 dmdbe isv ˆƒ bfmfp iVf rq. (mcm} 4/122) ƒhsb hfÙ¶ft hstb, IjDroB ˆ dhNsq ˆjmk sp, „slv bfmfp nCpG …lq rWqfv iCshG ˆhQ …lq rWqfv nmsq iVf pfsh bf. hvQ pJb bIt bfmfp iVf ShL rq, kJbƒ kf iVf ShL.(Ihf} 2/530) zKGf{ dbdNÝ nmq zdkhfdrk rWqfv ivƒ „slv bfmfp iVf yst. zhwA …tfmfoB „lct zfprfv bfmfpsj njft njft ˆhQ „lct dIk¶svv bfmfpsj ˆjec slvD jsv iVf …Ùm msb jsvsYb. jfvB, iaskAj „slv dHâ dHâ hA²ÀjfvD jmG vsqsY. „lct zfprfv jmG rt jcvhfbD; zfv kfv nmq rt bfmfspv iv. i[f§Àsv „lct dIk¶Xsvv jmG rt dIkvf h¦eb; zfv kfv nmq rt bfmfspv zfso. ˆ hAfifsv mrfbhD jkGxj rflDn hdBGk KfjstW kf nrDr bq. (ƒo} 3/101, kfdm} 347ix} û})

„slv bfmfspv ubA zfpfb W ƒjfmk } „slv bfmfspv ubA zfpfb W ƒjfmk sbƒ. kfv ubA (nCpG-oarsBv bfmfspv mk) `zfnX-nftfkc ufsmzfr' hf zbA djYc hst zfrhfbW sbƒ. hvQ mrfbhD pJb „lofsr …id²¿k rskb, kJb bfmfp ðv¢ jvskb. ƒhsb zfêfn W ufshv hstb, `(vnCt -ˆv pcso) „lct dIkXv hf „lct zfprfv bfmfspv ubA zfpfb slWqf rk bf.' (hc} 960, mc} 886bQ) ufshv dhb nfmcvfr hstb, `zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv nfsK ˆj-lcƒhfsvv zdLj …Hq „slv bfmfp dhbf zfpfb W ƒjfmsk isVdY.' (mc} 887, zflf} 1148, dk} 532bQ)

„slv bfmfspv ubA nckvfr } „lofr pdl I]fjf mfE zKhf mqlfsb rq ˆhQ nfmsb sjfb dudbsnv z§Àvft bf Kfsj, kfrst ƒmfsmv nfmsb sjfb nckvfr svsJ dbsk rsh. ƒhsb …mfv hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt pJb „lofsr shv rskb, kJb ˆjde pcÝf²Ã (hwGf) nsÌ dbsk zfslw jvskb ˆhQ sndesj k]fv nfmsb vfJf rk; zk}iv dkdb sndesj nckvfr hfdbsq bfmfp iVskb. zfv stfsjvf k]fv diYsb Kfjk. ˆv™i dkdb nIsvW jvskb.' zfv ˆJfb sKsjƒ zfmDvoB ˆ jfusj zHAfn hfdbsqsYb. (zf} 2/142, hc} 494, mc} 501, zflf} 687, ƒmf} 1304-1305, hf} 2/269)


ƒhsb mfufv ˆj hBGbfq ˆ jKf shwD zfsY sp, `kfv (nckvfr vfJfv) jfvB ˆƒ sp, „lofr dYt wCbA mqlfsb; spJfsb nckvfr hfbfhfv mk djYc dYt bf.' (nƒmf} 1077bQ)

„slv bfmfspv iÝdk } „slv bfmfspv iÝdk zbAfbA (Iusvv) bfmfspv mkƒ. zhwA ˆ bfmfsp zdkdvÙÁ djYc kjhDv vsqsY. nckvfQ bfmfpD jfsbv …idv Hfo ipG§À lcƒ rfk kcst kfrvDmfv kfjhDv dlsq hcsjv …isv vfJsh. zk}iv ƒd²ÀIkfrv lczf ifE jsv iviv 6hfv kjhDv htsh. ƒd²ÀIkfrv lczf kjhDvÈstfv isv ˆhQ nCvf Ifdkrf iVfv zfso iVstW yst. (zfzfnf„} 29ix} û}) mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt „lct dIkv W zfprfv bfmfspv iaKm vfjzfsk nfk ˆhQ däkDq vfjzfsk i]fy kjhDv dlskb.' (nzflf} 1018, rf} 1/298, hf} 3/286) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, `v¢jCv lcƒ kjhDv YfVf.' (nzflf} 1019, nƒmf} 1058, lfvf} 1710, hf} 3/287) zfècïfr dhb zfmXv dhb zfn hstb, zfïfrv bhD hstb, ª„lct dIksvv (bfmfspv) iaKm vfjzfsk kjhDv nfkde ˆhQ däkDq vfjzfsk i]fyde. zfv …Hq vfjzfskƒ kjhDsvv isv rsh dj¶vfzfk.« (zf} 2/180, nzflf} 1020, nƒmf} 1055-1056bQ, lfvf}, hf}, ƒzfwf}) zbcv™i hBGbf jsvsYb zfmXv dhb zfWI . (ndk} 442, nƒmf} 1057, ƒJc} 1438-1439bQ, lfvf}, hf}) …isvfÙÁ hBGbfÈdt ˆjde zbAsj wdÙÁwftD jsv ˆhQ nh dmst `nrDr' hf dhðÝ rflDsnv mfb tfH jsv. (ƒo} 3/106-111 û}) …sïdJk zfmt dYt nfrfhD zfhC ùvfƒvf -ˆv. (mf}, hf} 3/288, ƒzfwf}) ƒhsb zfêfn „slv bfmfspv iaKm vfjzfsk kfjhDsv kfrvDmf nr 7 kjhDv ˆhQ däkDq vfjzfsk v¢jCv kjhDv nr 6 kjhDv dlskb. zfv njt kjhDv dlskb dj¶vfzfskv iCshG. (ƒzfwf} 5703) i[f§Àsv ƒhsb zfmXv W zfsqwfv rflDsn (lfvf} 1704, 1712, 1714, hf} 3/285) ªkfjhDsv kfrvDmf YfVf (7 kjhDv)« zdkdvÙÁ wèÈdt pqDI rWqfv nfsK nfsK zfhC lf†l W ƒhsb mfufv hBGbfq …sïJ rq db. zïfù zf'tfm. ƒhsb zfêfn sKsj nrDr nCsÛ 9+4 kjhDv hdBGk rsqsY. spmb k]fv …dÙÁ, `pfv ƒ¤Yf sn 7, pfv ƒ¤Yf sn 9, pfv ƒ¤Yf sn 11 ˆhQ pfv ƒ¤Yf sn 13 kjhDv dlsh.' ksh 7+5 kjhDsvv hBGbfƒ nh yfƒsk shwD ðÝ. nckvfQ htf pfq sp, ˆ hAfifsv ƒhsb zfêfn -ˆv dbje iaw²Àkf dYt. zfv nrDr nCsÛ pf hdBGk, kfƒ dkdb ShL msb jsvb. zïfù zf'tfm. (ƒo} 3/111-112 û}) zdkdvÙÁ ˆƒ kjhDvÈstf htf dj§Â ncâk. sj… htst kfv nWqfh ifsh ˆhQ bf htst kfv sjfb ifi rsh bf. zhwA ˆ hAfifsv SwdKtA ialwGb jsv kf kAfo jvf …dyk bq. pfsk zbAfbA bfmfp sKsj „slv bfmfp ixKj ShdwsóA mdàk rq. (mcobD 3/275, zfzfnf„} 6ix})


139

ˆƒ dHdÙsk pdl sj… Hcst dosq kjhDvÈstf sYsV dlsq dj¶vfzfk ðv¢ jsv sIst, kfrst kf zfv dIdvsq htsk rsh bf. jfvB, kf ncâk ˆhQ kfv dbdlGó ²¿fb Ycse sosY. spmb pdl sj… Hcst ƒd²ÀIkfrv lczf sYsV dj¶vfzfk ðv¢ jsv slq, kfrst kfvW sjfb [dk rq bf. zfv ˆv ubA nù dnulfW tfosh bf. (zfpjfv, bWhD 156ix}, bfzf} 3/300, zfzfnf„} 11ix}) …ÙÁ kjhDv slWqfv nmq iaskAj hfsv rfk skftfv hAfifsv sjfb nrDr rflDn sbƒ; bf (mrfbhD sKsj) mfvIC ˆhQ bf (sjfb nfrfhD sKsj) mfWjCI. (kfdm} 349, …Üfr 147ix} eDjf) ksh sjfb sjfb zfrst ƒtXm hstb sp, ‰ nmq rfk kctsk rsh. zfk¶f hstb, ìaskAj kjhDsvv nmq vIXsq qAflfƒb jvsh.' (hf} 3/293) ƒmfm mfstj hstb, ìaskAj kjhDsvv nmq vIXsq qAflfƒb jv. ksh ˆ hAfifsv zfdm djYc ðdb db.' (dIvqAfhD, ƒo} 3/113) zhwA kjhDv slWqfv nmq vIXsq qAflfƒsbv hAfifsv Wqfƒt dhb ùuXv jkGxj hdBGk ˆjde hAfij rflDn vsqsY. dkdb hstb, `bhD kjhDsvv nfsK k]fv rfk lcdesj kctskb.' (zf} 4/316, lf} 1232, ƒo} 641bQ) ƒmfm zfrmfl hstb, `zfdm msb jdv sp, ˆÈdtW ‰ rflDsnv zfWkfq iVsh.' (ƒo} 3/114) mcÙÁflD ƒmfsmv zbcnvB jsv db}wsè kjhDv htsh; nwsè bq. jfvB, mcÙÁflDv nwsè kjhDv htf dhlzfk. (mcdh} 332ix}) i[f§Àsv iaskAj kjhDsvv isv sjfb dpjXv hf lczf ifsEv hAfifsv mrfbhD jkGxj djYc hdBGk rq db. ksh ƒhsb mfn†l -ˆv mk rt sp, kjhDvÈstfv mfsU zfïfrv iawQnf W ²Âdk ˆhQ bhD -ˆv iadk lv™l ifE jvsk rq. (hf} 3/291, ƒo} 642, kfdm} 350ix})

„slv bfmfspv dj¶vfzfk } ˆ bfmfsp …¤yösv nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jvfv iv iaKm vfjzfsk nCvf j¶fI ˆhQ däkDq vfjzfsk nCvf j¶fmfv iVf ncâk. (zf} 5/7, mc} 891, zflf} 1154, dk} 534, bf} 1566, ƒmf} 1282, lf} 1568bQ, hf} 3/294) zbcv™i iaKm vfjzfsk nCvf zf'tf ˆhQ däkDq vfjzfsk nCvf ofdwqfr ifE jvfW ncâk. ˆmbdj „l W ucmzfr ˆjƒ dlsb nQOdek rst …Hq bfmfspƒ …Hq nCvf ifE jvf ncâk. (mc} 878, dk} 533, bf} 1567, ƒmf} 1281, 1283bQ)

„slv bfmfspv zfso W isv bfmfp } „slv bfmfspv zfso-isv sjfb bfmfp sbƒ. ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, `bhD „lct dIksvv dlb „lofsr shv rsq lcƒ vfjzfk bfmfp iVstb. zfv ˆv zfso hf isv sjfb bfmfp iVstb bf.' (zf} 6/355, hc} 989, mc} 884, zflf} 1159, dk} 537, ƒmf} 1291, lf}, hf} 3/302, ƒJc} 1436bQ) zbcv™i hBGbf jsvsYb ƒhsb …mfv, ƒhsb zfmXv ˆhQ ufshv . (ƒo} 3/99-100 û})


dj§Â „slv bfmfp sjfb jfvBhwk} mndusl rst mndusl iashw jsv hnfv iCshG lcƒ vfjzfk bfmfp iVsk rsh. spsrkc zfhC jfkflfr hstb, zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªskfmfslv msLA sj… mndul iashw jvst sn spb hnfv iCshG 2 vfjzfk bfmfp isV sbq.« (hc} 444, mc} 714bQ iamcJ) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªsn spb 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVfv iCshG bf hsn.« (hc} 1167, mc} 714bQ iamcJ) „lofr hf mcnfïf mnduslv mk dj bf sn dbsq mksHl vsqsY. zsbsjv msk „slv bfmfspv iCshG sjfb bfmfp iVf dhlzfk. (mcdh} 332ix}) „slv bfmfspv zfso-isv bfmfp bf Kfjfv jKf sjht „lofsrv nfsK udVk. spsrkc mrfbhD „slv bfmfp swsN pJb hfdV dIvskb, kJb dkdb 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. (zf} 3/28, 40, ƒmf} 1293, rf} 1/297, hf}, ƒJc} 1469, ƒo} 3/100) zhwA zsbj …tfmf hstsYb sp, …ÙÁ bfmfp dYt k]fv yfsñv bfmfp. („slv dlsbv sjfb dhswN bfmfp bq.) (mfhf} 135/11)

„slv bfmfp icsvf zKhf djYc zQw Ycse sost } ƒmfsmv kjhDv iVsk ðv¢ jvfv iv sj… ufmfzfsk wfdmt rst, sn iaKsm kfrvDmfv kjhDv dlsh. zk}iv hfjD kjhDsv ƒmfsmv zbcnvB jvsh ˆhQ Ycse pfWqf zfsov kjhDvÈstf mfI rsq pfsh. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb zfzfnf„} 7ix}) ƒmfmsj v¢jC zh²¿fq sist kfrvDmfv kjhDv dlsq (nmq zfsY hcUst v¢jCv kjhDv dlsq) v¢jCsk pfsh. spsrkc kjhDvÈstf swN rWqfv iv sn wfdmt rsqsY ˆhQ kfv pKf²¿fbW Ycse sosY, kfƒ kf zfv jfpf jvsk rsh bf. (‰ 11ix}) i[f§Àsv pdl sj… jWmfq hf kfv isv ufmfzfsk wfdmt rq, kfrst ƒmfsmv däkDq vfjzfk kfv iaKm Lsv ƒmfm nftfm dIsv dlst …sE sn dbsuv däkDq vfjzfk iCvB jsv sbsh ˆhQ ƒmfm däkDq vfjzfsk spHfsh bfmfp isVsYb, dEj snHfshƒ ‰ vfjzfk jfpf jvsh. (ƒzfwf} 5812bQ) sj… kfwfrùsl ˆsn ufmfzfsk wfdmt rst ƒmfsmv nfsK kfwfrùl isV k]fv nftfm dIvfv iv …sE pKf dbqsm nm²À kjhDv nr 2 vfjzfk bfmfp zflfq jsv sbsh. (mcobD 3/285) zbcv™i pdl jfsvf ufmfzfkƒ Ycse pfq, kfrst snW lcƒ vfjzfk bfmfp jfpf isV sbsh. ƒmfm hcJfvD hstb, `hfh } jfsvf „slv bfmfp Ycse sost 2 vfjzfk bfmfp isV sbsh. klbcv™i mdrtf ˆhQ pfvf Osv W oafsm sKsj pfq kfvfW. spsrkc bhD hstb, ªˆ rt zfmfslv „l, sr mcndtmoB!« ˆjlf zfbfn dhb mfstj k]fv öfLDbjxk lfn ƒhsb zfhD …khfrsj zfslw jvstb, dkdb k]fv idvhfv W sYstslvsj umfsqk jsv wrvhfnDslv mkƒ kjhDv dlsq bfmfp iVstb.' (hc} 195ix}, ƒzfwf} 5802bQ) zbcv™iHfsh ƒmfsmv nfsK zfbfn -ˆv „slv bfmfp Ycse sost dbsuv idvhfvhoGsj umf jsv ƒmfsmv mkƒ sn bfmfp isV dbskb. (Ihf} 2/551, dj§Â zfïfmf


141

zfthfbD ˆdesj pqDI hstsYb. ƒo} 648bQ û}) ˆƒ mk oarB jsvsYb ƒmfm zfk¶f, (hc} 195ix}, ƒzfwf} 5801bQ) rfnfb, ƒhvfrDm, zfhc ƒnrfj, rf©mfl iamcJ ntIoB. (ƒzfwf} 5806-5809bQ) i[f§Àsv „l rWqfv Jhv nCpG Ttfv iv ufbsk ifvf sost, svfpf sHsÌ sndlb bfmfp bf isv isvv dlb njfst pKf nmsq bfmfp jfpf iVsk rsh. …mfƒv dhb zfbfn k]fv zfbnfvD yfyfslv jfY sKsj hBGbf jsvsYb, k]fvf hstb, `ˆjlf wWqfstv („slv) y]fl slJfv dlb zfjfw smOf¤Yâ Kfjfv Ist y]fl bf slJf sost zfmvf (kfv iv dlb) svfpf vfJtfm. dlsbv swNHfso ˆjde jfsItf ˆsn zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv jfsY nfd[ dlt sp, kfvf okjft y]fl slsJsY. dkdb stfjslv sndlsbv svfpf HfÌsk ˆhQ isvv dlb njfst „slv bfmfspv ubA shv rsk zfslw dlstb.' (zf} 5/57, zflf} 1157, bf} 1556, ƒmf} 1653, ƒzfwf}, lfvf}, hf} 3/316, ƒo} 634bQ)

„slv Jckhfr } „slv Jckhf rsh bfmfspv iv. ƒhsb zfêfn W ƒhsb …mfv hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt , zfhC hfjXv, …mfv W …nmfb …Hq „slv bfmfp Jckhfv zfso iVskb.' (hc} 962-963, mc} 884, 888bQ) mrfbhD hstb, ªzfmfslv zfusjv dlsb sp jfu iaKm ðv¢ jvh, kf rt bfmfp.----« (hc} 951, mc} 1961bQ) zfv ufshv hstb, `zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv nfsK „slv bfmfsp …id²¿k rsqdY; dkdb Jckhfv zfso bfmfp ðv¢ jsvsYb.' (zf} 3/318, mc} 885, bf}, hf} 3/296, lf}) zfhC nf„l JclvD hstb, bhD „lct dIkv W zfprfv dlsb „lofsr shv rskb. dkdb iaKm jfu drnfsh bfmfp ðv¢ jvskb. zk}iv stfjslv dlsj dIsv làfqmfb rskb. stfsjvf dbu dbu jfkfsv hsn Kfjk. dkdb kfslvsj bnDrk jvskb, zdnqk jvskb ˆhQ dhdHâ zfslw dlskb. sjfb pcsÝv SnbA ia²Âk jvfv Kfjst kf jvskb. sjfb djYcv zfslw jvfv Kfjst kf jvskb. zk}iv dkdb hfdV dIvskb. k]fv ivhkGDjfstv stfsjvfW zbcv™i jvsk Kfjt. zhswsN ˆjlf mlDbfv zfmDv mfvWqfsbv nfsK „slv bfmfp iVsk „lct zfprf zKhf dIksvv dlb shv rtfm. „lofsr si]ZsY sldJ jfNDv dhb nftXk dmìv SkvD jsv svsJsY. bfmfp ðv¢ jvfv zfsoƒ mfvWqfb kfsk yVsk sostb. zfdm k]fv jfiV Lsv efb dltfm. dkdbW zfmfsj efb dlstb. zk}iv dmìsv ysV bfmfspv zfsoƒ Jckhf dlstb. (bfmfspv iv) zfdm k]fsj httfm, `zfïfrv jnm! zfidb (ncâk) idvhkGb jsv sItstb.' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `zfhC nf„l! zfidb pf ufsbb kf ok rsq sosY.' zfdm httfm, zfïfrv jnm! zfdm pf ufdb, kf bf ufbf dudbn zsi[f …Ùm.' mcndtsmv ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, `j[sbf bf. snƒ nÙfv jnm, p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY! zfdm pf ufdb, kfv sKsj …Ùm djYc zfibfvf zfbqb jvsk ifsvb bf.' …Ùsv mfvWqfb htstb, `stfsjvf bfmfspv isv zfmfslv Jckhf ðbsk hsn bf. kfƒ bfmfspv iCshGƒ Jckhf dltfm.' (hc} 956, mc} 889bQ)


dmìsv ysV Jckhf } mrfbhD ˆhQ k]fv JctfIfsq vfswlDsbv pcso „lofsr dmìv hAhrfv jvf rk bf. zfhC nf„l JclvD hstb, mfvWqfb „slv dlb dmìv shv jsvb ˆhQ bfmfspv iCshG Jckhf slb. ˆ slsJ ˆj hAdÙÁ l]fdVsq htt, `sr mfvWqfb! zfidb ncâfrv dhivDk jfu jvstb; „slv dlb dmìv shv jsvsYb. zKy kf ƒdkiCshG shv jvf rk bf. zfv bfmfspv zfso JckhfW lfb jsvsYb!' zfhC nf„l duÎfnf jvstb, `‰ iadkhfljfvD sj?' stfsjvf htt, `zmcsjv shef zmcj.' dkdb htstb, `W skf dbu jkGhA iftb jsv dlt. zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -sj htsk ðsbdY sp, ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb zfidÙjv jfu Oesk slsJ ˆhQ dbu rfk äfvf kf idvhkGb jvfv nfmKGA vfsJ, sn spb kf idvhkGb jsv. kfsk nmKG bf rst dbu duH äfvf, kfskW n[m bf rst dbu z§Àv äfvf (OxBf ufbsh). zfv ˆde rt lchGtkm „mfsbv idvyfqj.« (zf} 3/10, 52, nzflf} 1009, dk} 2172, ƒmf} 1275, rflDndev mCt vsqsY mcndtsm 49bQ) dj§Â ufshv -ˆv rflDsn …sïJ vsqsY sp, `zfïfrv bhD pJb (Jckhf) swN jvstb, kJb sbsm mdrtfslv jfsY ˆstb---.' (hc} 961, 978, mc} 885, zflf} 1141bQ) ˆv sKsj hcUf pfq sp, dkdb sjfb …]yc ufqofsk ysVƒ Jckhf dlskb. nckvfQ dmìv hAhrfv jvf W bf jvfv hAfifsv sp iaw²Àkf zfsY, kf htfƒ hfùtA. (zfzfnf„} 3-4ix})

Jckhf dj dlsq ðv¢ rsh? mrfbhD k]fv nm²À Jckhf `zft-rfmlc dtïfdr---' dlsq ðv¢ jvskb. sjfb ˆjde rflDn äfvf ˆ jKf nQvd[k sbƒ sp, dkdb k]fv …Hq „slv Jckhf kjhDv dlsq ðv¢ jvskb. (mfIf} ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr 22/393, pfmf} 1/447 û})

Jckhfv mfsU mfsU kjhDv } ˆ jKfW dhðÝHfsh iamfdBk bq sp, dkdb k]fv Jckhfv mfsU mfsU kjhDv ifE jvskb. ˆ dhNsq pf hdBGk rsqsY, kf pqDI. (ƒo} 647, pƒmf} 264bQ û}) nckvfQ „slv Jckhfsj kjhDv dlsq ShdwóAiCBG jvf ShL bq. hfjD Kfjt pcrvDv ˆƒ jKf sp, Òv sKsj shv rWqfv iv sKsj „lofr ipG§À ƒmfm …id²¿k rWqf zhdL stfsjvf „slv kjhDv ifE jvk. ƒmfm …id²¿k rstƒ njst yci rsq spk. zk}iv ƒmfm kjhDv dlst njst zfhfv kjhDv dlk.' (ƒzfwf}, ƒo} 3/121) ˆ jKfq ` ƒmfm kjhDv dlst njst zfhfv kjhDv dlk' hst bfmfp ðv¢ jvfv kfrvDmfv kjhDvsj hcUfsbf rsqsY; Jckhfv dHksvv kjhDv bq. (mfhf} 136/22)

Jckhf ˆjde bf lcde? ±iók} pf hcUf pfq, kfsk msb rq sp, mrfbhD -ˆv „slv Jckhf dYt ˆjde. nfrfhD ufshv hstb, `„lct dIksvv dlb bhD l]fdVsq bfmfp iVstb. dkdb iaKsm bfmfp iVstb, kfviv Jckhf dlstb. Jckhf swN jsv sbsm ˆsn dkdb mdrtfslv


143

dbje ˆstb ˆhQ kfslvsj …islw dlstb. ˆƒ nmq dkdb dhtfstv rfsk Hv jsv l]fdVsq dYstb.--' (hc} 961, 978, mc} 885, zflf} 1141bQ) htf hfùtA, …ÙÁ rflDsn ˆjde mfÛ Jckhfv jKf …sïJ rsqsY. zfv mdrtfslvsj …islw lfb jvfefsj däkDq Jckhf oBA jvf n©Hh bq. jfvB, dkdb kfslvsj dbu bnDrk ðbfhfv …sÜswA kfslv jfsY sbsm ˆsndYstb. zfv ˆ jKf j¬ibf jvf pfq sp, „slv dhwft ub-nmfshsw mdrtfvf icv¢Nslv diYsb Kfjst lCv sKsj kfvf k]fv Jckhf ðbsk ifd¤Yt bf. (zkˆh Jckhf ˆjefƒ; wè ðbfhfv …sÜswA sjht ufqofv idvhkGb jvf rsqdYt.) wfqJ ƒhsb …NfƒmDb (v}) hstb, `hcJfvD-mcndtm iaHxdk rflDnoas§¿ hdBGk dhðÝ rflDn dbsq sp hAdÙÁ dy§Àf-oshNBf jvsh, kfv dbje ±ió rsq …Esh sp, bhD ˆjefv shwD Jckhf slbdb.' (mcm} 5/192) i[f§Àsv `„slv Jckhf lcde; mfUJfsb hsn ƒmfm kf lcƒHfso Hfo jsv sbsh' hst sp rflDn hdBGk zfsY, kf pqDI. (kfdm} 348ix}, pƒmf} 265bQ û}) ƒmfm bWhD hstb, `Jckhf Fht rWqfv hAfifsv sjfb rflDn dhðÝHfsh iamfdBk sbƒ.' (dInc} 1/282)

„slv Jckhfq mdrtfslv ubA Jfn bnDrk } „slv Jckhfq mdrtfslv ubA Jfn bnDrk jvf ncâk. spmb ˆ jKf iCshG …sïdJk ufshv -ˆv rflDsn hdBGk rsqsY. zkˆh Jckhf mfƒsj rst Jckhfv swNfQwsj mdrtfslv ubA Jfn jvshb ƒmfm. dj§Â pdl mfƒsj bf rq ˆhQ mdrtfvf diYb sKsj ðbsk ifs¤Y bf hst zfwËf rq, kfrst dkdb kfslv dbjehkGD rshb. k]fv nfsK Kfjsh lcƒ hf ˆjde stfj ˆhQ pKfnfLA dkdb Wqfp jvshb kfslv ubA. (zfzfnf„} 8ix})

Jckhf swfbfv Èv¢k¶ } „slv Jckhf slWqf W swfbf (ucmzfv Jckhfv mk Wqfsuh bq; hvQ kf) ncâk. zfècïfr dhb nfsqh hstb, ˆjlf zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv nfsK „slv bfmfsp …id²¿k dYtfm. bfmfp swN jsv dkdb htstb, ªzfmvf Jckhf slfh; nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ Jckhf swfbfv ubA hnsk iY¦l jsv sn hsn pfjX. zfv sp hAdÙÁ yst spsk iY¦l jsv sn yst pfjX.« (nzflf} 1024, nƒmf} 1066, rf} 1/295, ƒJc} 1462, ƒo} 629, nuf} 2289bQ, kfdm} 350ix}) zhwA mcdmsbv ubA …dyk ˆƒ sp, iaskAj mÌstv iadk sn zfoarD rsh ˆhQ lcdbqf W zfsJvfskv ubA …ijfvD dhNsqv iadk pk´hfb rsh. zfv Jckhf swfbf dbÇyq hV …ijfvD dhNq.

„slv lczf dj? …s©m zfdk¶qAfrv rflDsn …sïJ rsqsY sp, ª‡kcmkD mdrtfvfW mcndtmslv („slv) ufmfzfk W lczfsk …id²¿k rsh.« zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªkfslv lczfv mk lczf jvsh.«


‰ lczf dj Lvsbv lczf? ‰ lczf dj mrfbhD bfmfspv isv lcƒ rfk kcst jvskb? bfdj dkdb Jckhfv swsN rfk kcst lczf jvskb ˆhQ nfrfhfoBW rfk kcst k]fv lczfv …iv `zfmDb-zfmDb' htskb? wfqJ …hfƒlcïfr mchfvjicvD (v}) hstb, (rflDsn …sïdJk) ªmcndtmslv lczf«-ˆƒ jKfdesj „slv bfmfspv iv lczf jvfv ltDt msb jvf rq; spmb lczf (mcbfufk) jvf rq i]fy zÙÁX bfmfspv iv. dj§Â ˆde (däLfmcÙÁ bq; hvQ) pcdÙÁ nfsi[. jfvB, …Hq „slv bfmfspv lczf bhD sKsj iamfdBk bq ˆhQ …ÙÁ bfmfspv isv lczfv jKfW sj… hBGbf jsvb db. hvQ k]fv kvI sKsj pf iamfdBk kf ˆƒ sp, dkdb bfmfspv iv Jckhf dlskb ˆhQ …Hsqv mfsU sjfb zbA dhNq dlsq ixKj jvskb bf. nckvfQ k]fv nfLfvB W hAfij …dÙÁ ªmcndtmslv lczf«sj ltDtv™si Lsv Kfjf ndEj bq. iajfwk} ‰ lczf htsk Jckhfv mfsU dpjXv-zfpjfv W Wqfp-bnDrksj hcUfsbf rsqsY. spsrkc `lfWqfr' wède hAfij. zfv zfïfrƒ zdLj ufsbb. (dmmf} 5/31) zbcv™iHfsh bfmfspv dHksvW hù lczf zfsY, pfsk mdrtfvf wvDj rsk ifvsh; spmb bfmfpDvf kfsk wvDj rsh. ˆ YfVf JckhfskW lczf rq, pfsk kfvf `zfmDb-zfmDb' hst wvDj rsh. ziv dlsj bfmfp hf Jckhfv iv rfk kcst ufmfzfkD mcbfufk ltDt nfsi[. zfv kfv sjfb ltDt ifWqf pfq bf.

vf²Àf idvhkGb jvf } mndusl bhhD sKsj mlDbfv „lofr 1000 rfk lCsv zhd²¿k dYt. (Ihf} 2/521 û}) mrfbhD ‰ „lofsr ifsq sr]se …id²¿k rskb. dj§Â dIvfv isK vf²Àf idvhkGb jvskb. zKGf{, pfhfv nmq sp isK spskb, sn isK hfdV bf dIsv zbA iK Lsv hfdV dIvskb. ufshv hstb, `„slv dlb rst dkdb vf²Àf idvhkGb jvskb.' (hc} 986bQ) zfhC ùvfƒvf hstb, `bhD pJb „slv dlsb ˆj isK shv rskb, kJb zbA isK hfdV dIvskb.' (dk}, rf}, lf} 1574, nuf} 4710bQ) zbcv™i hdBGk zfsY zfècïfr dhb …mfv jkxGjW. (nzflf} 1025bQ) k]fv ˆƒ vf²Àf idvhkGsbv iÇyfsk dYt ˆjfdLj pcdÙÁ W drjmk. spmb; ˆsk vsqsY ƒntfmD iakDsjv nmAjX hdr}iajfw rsh. …Hq vf²Àf k]fv ubA nf[A slsh. …Hq isKv mcbfdIj hf ƒqfùlDslvsj [cé rsh. …Hq isKv stfsjslvsj nftfm slWqf rsh. zKhf kfslvsj djYc dw[f slWqfv ubA zKhf kfslvsj djYc lfb jvfv ubA zKhf nf[f{ jsv dbu zfk¹Dqkfv háb hufq jvfv ubA. (Ihf} 2/548, pfmf} 1/449, mcm} 171-172)

„slv mchfvjhfl } „sl ˆsj zivsj mchfvjhfl slWqf „slv zbAkm zflh W ShdwóA. ˆƒ mchfvjhfl nfrfhf -slv pcso iaydtk W idvdyk dYt. uchfƒv dhb bcIfƒv hstb, zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv nfrfhfoB „slv dlb ˆsj zsbAv nfsK nf[f{ rst htskb, `kfj¶fêftfïfù dmâf zdmbXj.' (Ihf} 2/517, kfdm} 354-355ix})


145

mcrf©mfl dhb dpqfl zftrfbD hstb, zfdm zfhc …mfmf hfsrtD W bhD -ˆv zbAfbA nfrfhfosBv nfsK dYtfm. k]fvf pJbƒ („slv bfmfp isV) dIsv zfnskb, kJbƒ ˆsj zivsj htskb, `kfj¶fêftfïfù dmâf zdmbXj.' (pfƒt hf} 3/320) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY sp, zfdm zfhC …mfmfsj „sl k]fv nfKDslv ubA htsk ðsbdY, `kfj¶fêftfïfù dmâf zdmbXjcm.' (kfdm} 355ix}) zhwA „lD mchfvjhfslv wèfhtD slswv iaydtk hAhrfv zbcpfqD rsh; ksh kfsk ˆmb wè rst ytsh bf, pf wvDqsk rfvfm. zKhf kf dhufkDv jfY sKsj Lfv jvf hf zbcjvB jvf; zKGf{, kfslv ift-ihGsb iv±ivsj zdHb¦lb ufbfsbfv wè spb bf rq. (zfzfnf„} 7ix}, mfhf} 136/26) iajfw sp, „slv bfmfspv iv Jfn „lD mczfbfjf hf sjftfjcdt wvDqsk dhsLq bq. spmb „slv bfmfspv iv jhv²¿fsb dosq Jfn jhv-dpqfvk dhlzfk. (zfuf} zfthfbD 258ix}, mcdh} 154ix}) „slv JcwD iajfw } „slv dlsb zfb¦l W JcwDv hdr}iajfw Oefsbf äDsbv zbAkm iakDj. ˆ dlsb idvhfv-idvusbv iadk dhdHâ iajfv Jvy W iaw²Àkf ialwGb jvf …dyk, pfsk kfslv mb-iafB zfbd¦lk rq ˆhQ ƒhflskv jó sKsj slr öd²À, dhvdk W iawfd§À tfH jvsk ifsv. (Ihf} 2/514 û}) mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, „slv dlb zfïfrv vnCt zfmfv dbje ˆstb. snƒ nmq zfmfv jfsY lcde djswfvD `lcI' (8) hfdusq hczfN (pcsÝv hDvsk¶v) oDk ofd¤Yt. zhwA kfvf ofdqjf dYt bf. kf slsJ zfïfrv vnCt dbu syrfvf dIdvsq dbstb. zk}iv dkdb jfiV Tfjf dlsq dhYfbfq ðsq sostb. ƒkAhnsv zfhC hfjXv iashw jvstb ˆhQ zfmfsj Lmj dlsq htstb, `wqkfsbv ncv zfïfrv vnCstv jfsY?' (ˆ jKf ðsb) zfïfrv vnCt dbu syrfvf Jcst zfhC hfjXsvv dlsj Ocsv htstb, ªWslvsj sYsV lfW, sr zfhC hfjXv. zfu skf „slv dlb. iaskAj ufdkv „l zfsY. zfv zfu rt zfmfslv „l.« zk}iv dkdb ˆjec zbAmbõ rst zfdm kfslvsj yst spsk ƒdÌk jvtfm. kJb kfvf shdvsq sot. mf zfsqwf (vf}) zfsvf hstb, rfhwDoB „slv dlb zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv mndusl pcÝf²Ã (hwGf) dbsq sJtf jvk. jJsbf hf zfdm k]fv jfsY ‰ sJtf slJsk yfƒkfm, zfv jJsbf hf dkdb dbsu htskb, ªkcdm dj slJsk yfW?« zfdm htkfm, `r]Af.' zk}iv dkdb zfmfsj zfmfv ùuvfv lvufq k]fv diYsb l]fV jvfskb. zfdm (k]fv zfVft sKsj) k]fv j]fsLv …iv dlsq ‰ sJtf slJkfm. dkdb k]fv j]fLsj dbyc jsv dlskb. zfv zfmfv oft k]fv ofstv nfsK stso spk. dbu yflv dlsq zfmfsj ilGf jvskb.

(٨) TiTsi zfWqfudhdwó ˆjmcsJf sTftj dhswN.


zfv sJstfqfVslv …sÜswA dkdb htskb, ªwfhfw! sr hfbD zfvdIlfr!« zfv kk[B ipG§À zfdm kfslv sJtf slJkfm, pk[B bf zfdm dbsu kf slJf há jvkfm ˆhQ slJsk j½f§À rsq iVkfm. kJb dkdb iaw jvskb, ªpsKó rsqsY?« zfdm htkfm, `r]Af.' dkdb htskb, ªzkˆh yst pfW.« nckvfQ skfmvf zf¦lfu jv sJtf-diaqf …lDqmfbf bh djswfvDv sJtfv iadk zfoar jk! (zf}, hc} 950, 5236, mc} 892, bf}) zfv sndlb zfïfrv vnCt hstdYstb, ªmlDbfv ƒqfùl susb dbj sp, zfmfslv äDsb …lfvkf zfsY (ˆhQ nQjDBGkf sbƒ). dbÇyq zfdm nclxP …lfv äDbnr siadvk rsqdY.« (zf} 6/116, 233, dnn} 6/2/1023, zfdp} 274ix}) htf hfùtA, mcndtmslv iadk zfïfrv dhswN zbcoar ˆƒ sp, kfvf kfslv „l iftb jsv JcwD jvsh ˆhQ snƒ JcwD iajfswv Ist kfvf nWqfh-iafåW rsh! sjbbf, zfbs¦lv ˆƒ hdr}iajfw äDsbv ˆjde iakDj. dj§Â ÎfkshAv dhNq sp, ‰ JcwD iajfw rsk rsh wvDqskv oàDv dHksv nDmfhÝ …ijvsBv mfLAsm; zfv kf rt sjht lcI hfdusq sYfe sYfe smsqslv ˆmb oDk sosq, pf znfv hf zw½Dt bq, dwjGD hf dhlzfkD kKf wvDqk-dhsvfLD bq. zfv kf swfbfv mfLAsmW zfb¦l …isHfo jvfq slfN sbƒ. htf hfùtA, ˆ YfVf ofb-hfubf jvf W swfbf rfvfm. „slv ˆƒ idhÛ JcwDsk zShL sJtf W dIt¹X lwGb-ialwGb, pchj-pchkDv sJtf W zhfL-ëmB, Ydh skftf ˆhQ rfvfm ofb-hflA hAhrfv jvfv mfLAsm zhwAƒ dhsLq JcwDv hdr}iajfw rq bf. zfnst JcwDv bfsm kf rq wqkfbD jciahxdÙv hwhkGD dhtfn-jmG. (mfhf} 136/27) nckvfQ zfïfr zfmfslvsj ifbfr dlb. zfmDb. iajfw Kfsj sp, zfkw hf Iejfhfdu jsv JcwD iajfw jvf sjfb mcndtsmv ubA ShL bq. spsrkc ˆ sJtfsk vsqsY zmcndtmslv nflxwA zhtìb, ˆsk zsrkcj zKG ziyq rq, ˆsk zfÈb dbsq sJtf jvf rq ˆhQ dhislv zfwËf Kfsj zsbj shwD. sjfb sjfb zfïfr-Wqftf stfj hstsYb, mfbcN zfïfr sKsj ofsIt rq hstƒ ofqv¢ïfr dbsq zfbs¦l smsk WsE. zkˆh ofsIt dbu sJt-kfmfwf W jciahxdÙ dbsq zfbd¦lk rq. zfv ÎfbD dbu mfWtfsj dbsq zfbd¦lk rq. (ƒzfƒzfdn} 84ix}) ÎfkhA sp, djYc stfj zfsY pfvf „l dbsq ˆƒ ubA zfbd¦lk rq sp, vmpfb swN rsq sosY ˆhQ svfpf zfv vfJsk rsh bf. zsbsjv mfKf sKsj vmpfb W svfpfv spb shfU sbsm pfq. zKy ˆmb zfyvB hV ëf§À. zfnst mcdmboB „l dbsq JcwD rq ˆƒ ubA sp, mrfb zfïfr kfslvsj svfpfv mfn iCBG jvfv ˆhQ n©iCBG mfn svfpf vfJfv kWIDj lfb jsvsYb. spsrkc kfvf ˆvƒ mfLAsm kfslv mrfb iaHcsj n§Âó jvfv iaqfn tfH jsvsY. i[f§Àsv kfvf ˆƒ ubA zfbd¦lk rq bf sp, svfpf swN jsv sIstsY, sp svfpfsj hù stfsj ˆjde hV shfUf msb jsv Kfsj. (lcvf} 100ix}) äDb-lvlD Hfƒ mcndtm! ˆƒ JcwDv mcrCskG n©Hh rst ifwG¶hkGD ovDhslvsj Hcst pfshb bf. jk ovDh ðLc ˆƒ ubA JcwD jvsk ifsv bf sp, kfv sYfe sYst-smsqv bkcb


147

ufmf sbƒ, jfsvf hf sofnt jvfv ubA nfhfb sbƒ zKhf wsJv ˆjdlb mfJfv mk zfkv sbƒ. ˆÈdt sYfe rstW pdl ‰ dlb kfslvsj lfb jvf rq, kfrst snƒ dlsb JcwD rq kfvf, snƒ nfsK JcwD rq kfslv mf-hfivf. zkˆh zfïfr zfibfsj nfmKGA dlst zfidb kfslv snƒ swaBDv JcwDv …ijvB jsv dlsk Hct jvshb bf. zfïfr zfibfsj sbj hltf dlb. zfmDb. „l rt ˆjde ziChG ncspfo, sp ncspfso mcdmb kfv z§Àv-mb sKsj snƒ njt dhsäN W „NGf sKsj mcÙÁ jvsk ifsv, pf sn ƒdkiCsGh kfv sjfb mcndtm Hfsqv iadk sifNB jsvdYt. nckvfQ „l rt, mcntmfbslv zfsifsn n©iaDdk W ˆsj zsbAv ubA mb-iafB idv°jfv W …lfv jsv slWqfv ˆj ivm zhjfw. ucmzfv dlsb „l rst } ucmzfv dlb „l rst sp hAdÙÁ „slv bfmfp iVsh, sn hAdÙÁv ubA ucmzfr zfv Wqfsuh Kfjsh bf. pfql dhb zfvjfm hstb, ˆjlf bhD „slv bfmfp iVstb ˆhQ ucmzfr bf iVfv zbcmdk dlstb. dkdb htstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ucmzfr iVsk yfq sn iVsh.« (nzflf} 945, bf} 1592, ƒmf} 1310, ƒJc} 1464bQ) zfhC ùvfƒvf hstb, zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªskfmfslv zfusjv ˆƒ dlsb lcde „l nmshk rsqsY. nckvfQ pfv ƒ¤Yf kfv ubA ucmzfr sKsj „slv bfmfp psKó. zhwA zfmvf ucmzfr iVh.« (nzflf} 948, ƒmf} 1311bQ) ˆƒ rflDsnv dHdÙsk ƒmfm nfsrshv ubA mc²Àfrfh ucmzfr jfsqm jvf. pfsk kfvf ucmzfr iVsk ifsv pfvf kf iVsk yfq ˆhQ kfvfW iVsk ifsv pfvf ƒslv bfmfp iVsk ifsv db. spsrkc mrfbhD hstsYb, ªzhwA zfmvf ucmzfr iVh.« ufbf uv¢vD sp, sp hAdÙÁ („slv bfmfp isV) zbcmdk sisq ucmzfr iVsh bf, sn hAdÙÁv ubA spfrsvv bfmfp mfI bq. jfvB, spfrv rt WqfÙÁD Ivp bfmfp. zfv kf kAfo jvf n©Hh bq. (zfzfnf„} 6-7ix}, Ifdn} mcndbl 115ix}) i[f§Àsv ƒhsb pchfƒv -ˆv zfmt hdBGk sp, dkdb „slv dlb zfnv ipG§À „slv bfmfp YfVf zbA djYc isVb db ˆhQ ucmzfv ubAW shv rb db. (nzflf} 946-947bQ) dj§Â rsk ifsv sp, dkdb spfrsvv bfmfp Osvƒ isV dbsqdYstb. zKhf dkdb „slv nmq ucmzfv dbqsk 2 vfjzfk bfmfp isVdYstb ˆhQ „slv bfmfpsj kfvƒ zbcnfvD jsv dbsqsYb. (zfmf} 3/287-289) (spmb kfWqfsI ƒIfpfr W dhlfqD kWqfI ˆjƒ nmsq ƒIfpfv dbqsk jvst ˆjde kWqfIƒ psKó.) ƒhsb Jcpfƒmfv hBGbfq ˆsnsY sp, dkdb (ucmzfr W) „slv dlb „slv bfmfp iVfv ubA shv rsk slvD jvstb. idvswsN nCpG pJb …]ycsk ˆt kJb dkdb shv rsq dmìsv ysV lDOG Jckhfr dlstb. zk}iv 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVstb ˆhQ zfv ucmzfr iVstb bf. (ƒJc} 1465bQ)


„l nQÛÁf§À zfsvf djYc mfnfsqt „slv y]fl } ˆ jKf iCshGƒ zfstfdyk rsqsY sp, smO hf zbA sjfb jfvsB y]fl pKfnmsq bf slJf sost mfsnv kfvDJ 30 iCBG jsv dbsk rsh. zhwA „slv y]fl iamfB jvfv ubA 2 ub mcndtsmv nf[A iasqfub. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, ªskfmvf y]fl slsJ svfpf vfJ, y]fl slsJ svfpf YfV. pdl y]fl bf slJf pfq, kfrst mfn 30 iCBG jsv bfW. dj§Â pdl lcƒ ub mcndtm nf[A slq, kfrst skfmvf svfpf vfJ W svfpf YfV.« (zf} 4/321, bf}, lfvf}, nbf} 1997, ƒo} 909bQ) i[f§Àsv svfpfv mfsnv ðv¢ rWqfv jKf iamfB jvfv ubA ˆ jKf iamfdBk sp, zfïfrv vnCt ˆjub stfsjv nfd[ dbsq svfpf svsJsYb. (zflf} 2342, lf}, lfvf}, hf} 4/212, ƒo} 908bQ)

sj… ˆjf y]fl slJst } „slv y]fl sj… ˆjf slJst sn dj§Â ˆjf ˆjf „l jvsk ifsv bf. hvQ y]fl slJf nsÙ¶W kfv ubA svfpf vfJf Wqfsuh. sjbbf, wWqfstv y]fl lcƒ ub mcndtm slJfv nf[A bf slWqf ipG§À wvDqskv lxdósk iamfB rq bf. kf YfVf mrfbhD hstb, ª„l sndlb, spdlb stfsjvf „l jsv. jcvhfbD sndlb, spdlb stfsjvf jcvhfbD jsv.« (ndk} 643, ƒo} 905bQ) spsrkc wvDqsk ufmfzfskv hV mpGflf zfsY. mkf§Àsv sp hAdÙÁ ˆjf y]fl slJsh sn isvv dlb svfpf vfJsh bf. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, ªskfmvf y]fl slsJ svfpf vfJ, y]fl slsJ svfpf YfV.« ksh iajfswA bq, hvQ sofisb ƒIkfv jvsh sn. pfsk sn ufmfzfk-dhsvfLD bf rsq pfq. zKhf kfsj sj… znÌk zihfl bf dlsq hsn. zfv zfïfrƒ zdLj ufsbb. (mcm} 6/329, zfzfnf„ 25ix}, zfnfƒ} 42ix})

svfpf 28de rst } 28 dlb svfpf vfJfv iv wWqfstv y]fl wvqD nf[A äfvf iamfdBk rst ufbsk rsh sp, vmpfb mfsnv iaKm dlb zhwAƒ Ycse sosY. nckvfQ sn s[sÛ ‰ dlb „slv isv jfpf jvsk rsh. jfvB, yf¦û mfn 28 dlsbv rskƒ ifsv bf. rq 30 dlsb mfn rsh, bsy{ 29 dlsb. (Ifdn} mcndbl 15ix})

svfpf 31de jJb rq?


149

iChG dljjfv (iafsyAv) slwÈdtsk y]fl 1 zKhf 2 dlb isv slJf slq. ˆJb 29sw vmpfb y]fl slJfv iv zKhf 30sw vmpfb ‰ dljjfv sjfb slsw nIv jvst snJfsb dosq slJsh kfv isvv dlbW svfpf. sn s[sÛ kfsj ‰ slswv mcndtmslv nfsK svfpf vfJsk rsh. zk}iv kfvf „l jvst kfslv nfsK snW „l jvsh; pdlW kfv svfpf 31de rsq pfq. jfvB, mrfb zfïfr hstb, ) همصفلي رالشه كممن هدش نفم ( zKGf{, zkˆh skfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb ˆ mfsn svfpf vfsJ. (jc} 2/185) zfv mrfbhD hstb, ªsvfpf sndlb, spdlb stfsjvf svfpf vfsJ. „l sndlb, spdlb stfsjvf „l jsv.« (dk}, ƒo} 905, dnn} 224bQ) dj§Â pdl sj… iChG sKsj idÇym dlsj 28sw vmpfb nIv jsv, zk}iv kfv iv dlbƒ snJfsb „l rq, kfrst snW svfpf sHsÌ stfjslv nfsK „l jvsh. zhwA kfv isv sn ˆjde svfpf jfpf vfJsh. jfvB, mfn 29 dlsbv jm rq bf. i[f§Àsv pdl 29sw vmpfb nIv jsv kfv isvv dlb „l rq, kfrst kfslv nfsK „l jvfv iv kfsj zfv sjfb svfpf jfpf jvsk rsh bf. jfvB, kfv 29de svfpf rsq sosY ˆhQ mfn 29 dlsbW rq. (ƒhsb hfp, Ifdn} mcndbl 16ix}) iv§Â pdl sj… „slv dlsb „l jsv iafsyAv slsw nIv jsv ˆhQ snJfsb dosq slsJ snJfbjfv stfsjslv svfpf ytsY, kfrst sn s[sÛ kfsj ifbfrfv há jvsk rsh bf ˆhQ svfpf jfpf jvskW rsh bf. sjbbf, sn wvqD dbqm msk svfpf sHsÌsY. zkˆh ˆ dlb kfv ubA ifbfrfv ShL rWqfv dlb. (zfzfnf„} 28ix})

Ûsqflw zLAfq

vmpfb isv dj? vmpfb dhlfq dbt. dIsv zfnsh zfhfv iafq ˆj hYv iv. vmpfb yst sot. dj§Â vmpfb isv mcndtsmv zh²¿f dj, jkGhA dj? vmpfsbv zfmt Hvf dlbÈdt swN rsq sot, dj§Â mcdmsbv zfmt skf sjfb dlbjfv ubA swN rWqfv bq. spsrkc dpdb vmpfsbv iaHc, dkdbƒ wf'hfb W wWqft kKf hfjD mfnnmCr W nfvf hYsvv iaHc. mcndtsmv jkGhA rt, vmpfb mfsn sp nh sbj zfmst zHAfnD rsqsY snƒ nh zfmt há bf jsv ˆjefbf dbqdmk jsv pfWqf. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

)) و اع ب د ر ب ك ح ت ى ي أ ت ي ك ال ي ق ي ن(( zKGf{, mxkcA zfnf zhdL kcdm skfmfv iadkiftsjv ƒhflk jvsk Kfj. (jc} 15/99) zfv mrfbhD hstb, ªzfïfrv dbje nhsysq snƒ zfmt zdLj iY¦lbDq, pf tfofkfv jsv pfWqf rq; pdlW hf kf idvmfsB jm rq.« (hc} 6465, mc} 783bQ iamcJ) swN rsq sot nhcsvv mfn. zfv nhcv rt ivsrpofv mfbcNslv nìt. htf hfùtA, spmb sn ˆ mfsn hV iasyóf W wam dlsq zfmt-ƒhflk jsvsY, skmdb isvv


mfnÈdtskW spb snƒ iasyóf W idvwam hfjD Kfsj. kfv nm²À zfmt ˆmb rWqf …dyk, spb sn kf vmpfsbƒ jvsY. svfpfv mfn dhlfq dbsq yst sot. dj§Â svfpf dhlfq sbq db. spsrkc vmpfsbv svfpf YfVfW zbAfbA ncâk W bIt svfpf vsqsY; kf spb kfv zfmstv Jfkf sKsj hfl bf isV. bfmfp W djqfsmv mfn Icdvsq sot. dj§Â bIt bfmfp W djqfm sjht svfpfv mfsnƒ nDmfhÝ bq. hvQ iaskAj vfskv ˆjde zQw kfrfÏcslv ubA mcndtsmv Jfn rWqf …dyk. ˆƒ mfsn njt mnduslv ƒmfm W mcnïDoB k]fslv zbAfbA (shbfmfpD) Hfƒslvsj srlfqfkiafå rsq mndusl slsJ wk JcwD rsqsYb, pfvf vmpfbHv i]fy zÙÁX Ivp bfmfp pKf dbqsm zflfq jsvsY, hvQ kfvf dbqdmkHfsh kfvfhDr W kfrfÏcslv bfmfpW isVsY. iv§Â k]fslv zfb¦l zfsvf hxdÝ rsk Kfsj; pdl ‰ Hfsqvf …ÙÁ zh²¿fskƒ iadkdôk sKsj pfq. (zKGf{ hfv mfnƒ bfmfp isV.) bsy{ ªdjqfmsk hf¦lfv dbje sKsj zbAfbA zfmstv iCshG nhGiaKm bfmfspv drnfh sbWqf rsh. nckvfQ bfmfp ndEj rst kfv zbAfbA zfmtW ndEj dhshdyk rsh. (bsy{ bf.)« (zf}, nczf}, k¶fh}, iamcJ, dnn} 1358bQ) sbj zfmt hf sjfbW n{jmG zfïfrv lvhfsv jhct rWqfv zbAkm t[B ˆƒ sp, zfmtjfvD ‰ jsmGv isv icbvfq zbAfbA n{jmG jsv Kfsj. nckvfQ vmpfsbv iv zfibfv zbAfbA sbj zfmt jvsk Kfjf ˆƒ jKfvƒ t[B sp, zfibfv svfpf W kfvfhDr mrfb zfïfr jhct jsv dbsqsYb. zfv r]Af, Jhvlfv icbvfq zfidb zfibfv snƒ zh²¿fq dIsv pfshb bf, sp zh²¿f dYt vmpfsbv iCshG. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

و ال ت ك و ن و ا ك ال ت ي ن ق ض ت غ ز ل ه ا م ن ب ع د ق و ة أ ن ك اثا (( (( zKGf{, skfmvf sn bfvDv mk rsqf bf, sp kfv nckf muhck jsv ifjfhfv iv Wv ifj Jcst bó jsv slq.« (jc} 16/92) Hfƒ mcndtm! zfidb zfibfv ŠlfnA huGb jv¢b. zfvfsmv dbûf sKsj suso …Ecb. zfibfv nIsvv ubA djYc isKv nìt nQoar jsv dbb. zfïfr vêct zftfmDsbv iadk iakAfhkGb W v¢uc jv¢b. rqskf hf zfidb k]fv nfVf ifshb. k]fv vrmk W jv¢Bf zuGb jsv zfidb snZHfoAhfb rshb. zfïfrv ztDslv isKv idKj rsq k]fslv nfsK dosq dmdtk rsk ifvshb. zfïfr W k]fv ufrfâfsmv Hsq bqbfwa¢ dhodtk jsv vmpfb mfnsj dhlfq ufbfb. sp dYt diaqkm, sn dhlfq dbt. kfsk skf zfibfv syfsJ ifdbv snafk bfmfvƒ jKf. dj ufdb zfhfv zfofmD hYsv snƒ diaqksmv nfsK zfibfv nf[f{ rsh dj bf? zfhfv zfidb ‰ Ivp svfpf iftb jvfv kWIDj tfH jvshb dj bf? icbvfq ‰ …ÜDibfv nfsK ufmfzfsk ‰ kfvfhDrv bfmfp iVsk ncspfo ifshb dj bf? jfu swsN mucvsj kfv mucvD dlsq slWqf rq. zfmvf zfmfslv jfu skf swN jvtfm. dj§Â rfq! pdl zfmvf zfmfslv msLA jfv jfu mrfb zfïfrv lvhfsv oxrDk


151

rsqsY kf ufbsk ifvkfm, kfrst kfsj kfv …iv smfhfvjhfl ufbfkfm. zfv jfv jfu oxrDk bq, kf ufbsk ifvst kfv nfsK hsn nmshlbf W swfj iajfw jvkfm. (kfIfnfnf} 101-106ix} sKsj nQs[dik)

ykclGw zLAfq vmpfsbv svfpf jfpf jvfv dhhvB

jfsvf vmpfb mfsnv svfpf Ycse sost kf nk¶v jfpf jvf Wqfsuh bq. hvQ ˆ hAfifsv iaw²Àkf zfsY; ncspfo W nmq mk kf jfpf jvsk ifvf pfq. klbcv™i jfIXIfvfW nk¶v zflfq jvf Wqfsuh bq. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstb,

ف م ن ك ان م ن ك م م ر ي ضا أ و ع ل ى س ف ر ف ع د ة م ن أ ي ام أ ( خ ر ( zKGf{, dj§Â skfmfslv msLA sj… znc²¿ hf mcnfdIv rst sn ziv sjfb dlb oBbf jvsh. (jc} 2/184) zKGf{, sn ziv sjfb dlsb svfpf svsJ sbsh. ˆJfsb mrfb zfïfr tfofkfv hf nfsK nfsK vfJfv wkG zfsvfi jsvb db. sn wskGv jKf …sïJ Kfjst zhwAƒ kf nk¶v iftbDq rk. zkˆh hcUf sot sp, ˆ hAfifsv iaw²Àkf zfsY. (mcm} 6/449) htf hfùtA, pdl sj… kfv Ycse pfWqf svfpf didYsq dlsq wDskv sYfe sYfe dlsb vfsJ, kfrst kfW kfv ubA ShL ˆhQ psKó. kfskW mrfb zfïfrv ‰ ‡B idvswfL rsq pfsh. (Ifdn} mcndbl 81ix}) ksh „slv isv Wuv lCv rsq sost ncspfo rWqfv nfsK nfsK nk¶v jfpf svsJ sbWqfƒ …dyk. jfvB, kfsk nk¶v lfdqk¶ iftb rsq pfq ˆhQ iChGnkjGkfmCtj jmG n©iflb jvf rq. (mcm} 6/446) mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `zfmfv vmpfsbv svfpf jfpf Kfjk. dj§Â sn svfpf wf'hfb YfVf kfv zfso jfpf jvsk n[m rkfm bf.' ˆƒ jKfv ˆj hBGbfjfvD ƒqfrqAf dhb nf„l hstb, `ˆv jfvB ˆƒ sp, bhD -ˆv dJlmk k]fsj hA²À jsv vfJk. zfv k]fv jfsY k]fv ixKj mpGflfW dYt.' (hc} 1950, mc} 1146, zflf} 2399, ƒmf} 1669, ƒJc} 2046-2048bQ, hf} 4/252) ˆJfsb mf zfsqwfv hfdrAj …dÙÁ ˆƒ jKfƒ lfhD jsv sp, k]fv hA²Àkf bf Kfjst Ycse pfWqf svfpf nk¶vƒ jfpf jvskb. ˆ sKsj hcUf pfq sp, pfv sjfb Wuv-zncdhLf sbƒ, kfv ubA slvD bf jsv nk¶v jfpf svsJ sbWqfƒ …dyk. (kfdm} 422ix} û}) jfpf svfpf Ycse pfWqf svfpfv mkƒ. zKGf{, pk dlbjfv svfpf Ycse sosY, dEj kk dlbjfvƒ jfpf jvsh; kfv shwD bq. zhwA …Hsqv mfsU ifKGjA ˆƒ sp, jfpf svfpf tfofkfv vfJf uv¢vD bq. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªdj§Â skfmfslv msLA sj… znc²¿ hf mcnfdIv rst sn ziv sjfb dlb oBbf jvsh.« (jc} 2/184) zKGf{, sp dlsbv svfpf sn sYsV dlsqsY, snƒ dlbÈstfƒ spb zbA dlsb jfpf jsv sbq; dbvhd¤YâHfsh zKhf dhd¤YâHfsh. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr ˆJfsb svfpf jfpf jvfv jKfƒ hstsYb ˆhQ kfv


nfsK sjfb Lvsbv wkG zfsvfi jsvb db. (dInc} 1/416) i[f§Àsv jfpf svfpfnmCrsj sYsV sYsV zKhf tfofkfv vfJfv hAfifsv sjfb mvIC' rflDn dhðÝv™si hdBGk rq db. ndEj rt, …Hq iajfv ShL. spmb zfhC ùvfƒvf hstb, `ƒ¤Yf jvst ˆjefbf vfJsh.' (ƒo} 4/94-97, kfdm} 424ix}) zhwA ˆsk sjfb ns¦lr sbƒ sp, dkbde jfvsB jfpf svfpfÈdtsj ˆjefbf -zKGf{ mfsU ˆj dlbW hfl bf dlsq- svsJ sbWqfƒ …Ùm }- iaKmk} ˆjefbf svfpf jfpf vfJfef zfnt svfpfv nfsK zdLjkv nfmÓnAiCBG. jfvB, zfnt svfpf ˆjefbfƒ vfJsk rq. däkDqk} tfofkfv vfJst zdk nk¶v lfdqk¶ iftb rsq pfq. spsrkc ˆjdlb svfpf svsJ mfsU 2/1 dlb hfl dlsq zfhfv vfJst jfpf iCBG jvsk dhtì rsq pfq. zKy tfofkfv svsJ dbst kfVfkfdV swN rsq pfq. kxkDqk} ˆjefbf svfpf svsJ sbWqfefƒ iChGnkjGkfmCtj jmG. jfvB, mfbcN ufsb bf sp, zfofmDsk kfv dj Oesh. zfu nc²¿ zfsY, dj§Â jft rqskf znc²¿ rsq iVsh. zfu uDdhk zfsY, dj§Â jft rqskf mvsBv zfrhfsb nfVf dlsk rsh. (mcm} 6/446) zbcv™iHfsh zfnt svfpf sKsj jfpf svfpfv ˆjde ifKGjA ˆƒ sp, jfpf svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq dlsbv shtfq nÌm jsv sItst sjfb jfIXIfvf tfso bf. spsrkc snef vmpfb mfsnv hfƒsv Ose kfƒ. (‰ 6/413)

zfofmD vmpfb ipG§À jfpf svfpf vfJsk bf ifvst } sjfb Wpv hAkDk vmpfsbv jfpf svfpf bf svsJ ivhkGD vmpfb ifv jsv slWqf ShL bq. jfpGs[sÛ jfpf iftb bf jvsk ifvf zh²¿fq däkDq vmpfb ˆsn …id²¿k rst hkGmfb vmpfsbv svfpf iftb jvsk rsh. kfviv (iaKm ncspfso) ‰ jfpf svfpf svsJ dbsk rsh. zfv ˆ s[sÛ sjfb dIlXqAfr hf là-udvmfbf sbƒ. (dInc} 1/416) i[f§Àsv dhbf Wpsv jfpf bf kcst ivhkGD vmpfb ifv jsv dlst sofbfrofv rsk rsh. zfv ˆ s[sÛ jfpf jvfv nfsK nfsK iaskAj dlsbv dhdbmsq ˆjde jsv dmnjDbsj Jfbf lfb jvsk rsh. ˆƒ mk rt djYc …tfmfv. (Ifdn} mcndbl, 82ix}, zfnfƒ} 99ix}) spsrkc ˆƒ mk sifNB jvskb nfrfhD zfhC ùvfƒvf W ƒhsb zfêfn . (lfvf} 2318, 2319, 2322bQ, hf} 4/253) zbA dlsj zbA djYc …tfmf hstb sp, sjht jfpfƒ jvsk rsh; dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jvsk rsh bf. zfv …Hq nfrfhD sKsj sp zfnfv hBGbf jvf rsqsY, kf …ÙÁ lfhDv ltDt bq. jfvB, zjfeA ltDt sjht djkfh W ncâfr sKsjƒ oxrDk rsh. i[f§Àsv nfrfhfosBv …dÙÁ ltDt rWqfv hAfifvef dhshybfLDb; dhswN jsv pJb k]fslv jKf jcvzfsbv hfdrAj …dÙÁv iadkjCt rq. zfv ˆJfsb jfpf vfJfv nfsK dmnjDbsj Jfbf lfb jvf Wqfsuh jvfv dhLfb jcvzfsbv hfdrAj …dÙÁv dhsvfLD. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr dHâ dlsb jfpf jvf YfVf zbA djYc Wqfsuh jsvb db. zkˆh ˆƒ pcdÙÁsk zfmvf


153

zfïfrv hf¦lfslvsj snƒ dudbn iftb jvsk hfLA jvsk ifdv bf, sp dudbn iftb jvsk dkdb kfslvsj hfLA jsvb db. zhwA ˆ dhNsq pdl sjfb lfqmcÙÁjfvD ltDt Kfjk, kfrst sn jKf dHâ dYt. i[f§Àsv zfhC ùvfƒvf W ƒhsb zfêfn jkGxj sp …dÙÁ hdBGk rsqsY, sn hAfifsv htf spsk ifsv sp, jfpf vfJfv nfsK nfsK ˆjde jsv dmnjDb Jfƒsq slWqf …Ùm; Wqfsuh bq. nckvfQ ˆ hAfifsv ndEj mk ˆƒ sp, ivhkGD vmpfb zdkhfdrk jsv jfpf vfJst svfpf YfVf zbA djYc Wqfsuh bq. ksh ˆ jKf dEj sp, ˆƒ slvD jvfv ubA sn sofbfrofv rsh. (mcm} 6/451) ok jsqj hYsvv rstW vmpfsbv svfpf jfpf jvf Wqfsuh. nckvfQ sj… pdl 20 hYv hqsn svfpf vfJsk ðv¢ jsv, kfrst kfsj nfhftj rWqfv iv sKsj 5 hYsvv YfVf svfpf jfpf jvsk rsh. zfv snƒ nfsK kfsj tdÏk rsq kWhfW jvsk rsh ˆhQ ˆƒ nQj¬ihÝ rsk rsh sp, uDhsb icb} sjfb dlb svfpf YfVsh bf. (mh} 30/109) mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `zfmvf svfpf jfpf jvsk zfdló rkfm ˆhQ bfmfp jfpf jvsk zfdló rkfm bf.' (mc} 335bQ)

ƒ¤Yfjxk YfVf svfpfv jfpf } djYc nQJAj …tfmfv mk ˆƒ sp, sp hAdÙÁ dhbf Wpsv ƒ¤Yfjxk vmpfsbv svfpf kAfo jvsh, sn hAdÙÁv ifi rsh mrfifi (jfhDvf). kfsj sn svfpf jfpf jvsk rsh ˆhQ ‰ zivfsLv ubA zfïfrv jfsY kWhf jvsk rsh. shwD shwD jsv bIt svfpf W zbAfbA ƒhflk jvsk rsh, pfsk Ivp ƒhflskv ‰ [dkiCvB n©Hh rq. zfv n©Hhk} zfïfr kfzftf kfv kWhf jhct jsv kfsj [mf jsv slshb. (70} 43bQ) …ÙÁ zdHmk snƒ vmpfsbv dlsbv shtfq ²ÃD-nÌmjfvDv rflDnsj dHdÙ jsv iajfw jvf rsqsY; pfsk mrfbhD kfsj ‰ dlbsj jfpf jvsk zfslw jsv hstdYstb, ªˆjdlb svfpf vfJ ˆhQ zfïfrv jfsY [mf iafKGbf jv.« (zflf} 2393, ƒJc} 1954, lfvf}, hf} 4/226-227, ƒo} 940bQ) ˆ YfVf dkdb hstsYb, ªsvfpf zh²¿fq sp hAdÙÁ hmbsj lmb jvsk n[m rq bf, kfv ubA jfpf sbƒ. i[f§Àsv sp ƒ¤YfjxkHfsh hdm jsv, sn spb ‰ svfpf jfpf jsv.« (zf} 2/498, zflf} 2380, dk} 716, ƒmf} 1676, lf} 1680, ƒJc} 1960, ƒdr} mfWqfdvl 907bQ, rf} 1/427, lfvf}, hf} 4/219 iamcJ, ƒo} 930, nuf} 6243bQ) zbA djYc nQJAj …tfmf hstb sp, dhbf Wpsv ƒ¤Yfjxk bfmfp-svfpf kAfojfvDv sjfb jfpf sbƒ. zfv bf-ƒ kfv kf ðÝ rsh. zhwA pf jfpf jvfv hAfifsv ltDt zfsY kfv jKf ök§Ã. spmb svfpf svsJ ƒ¤Yfjxk ²ÃD-nÌmjfvD ˆhQ hmbjfvD hAdÙÁ ltDstv dHdÙsk svfpf jfpf jvsh. (kfdm} 425-426ix}) i[f§Àsv sp ƒ¤YfjxkHfsh smfseƒ svfpf vfsJ bf sn hAdÙÁ djYc …tfmfv msk jfsIv W mckGfl rsq pfsh. kfv ubA kWhf uv¢vD ˆhQ shwD shwD bIt ƒhflk jvf …dyk. spmb uv¢vD äDsbv njt dhLfbsj OfV sisk mfbA jvf. zfv …tfmfslv ndEj


mkfbcnfsv kfv ubA jfpf sbƒ. spsrkc kfv zivfL hV sp, jfpf jsv kfv Jàb rsh bf. (Iƒ} 2/154, Ifdn} mcndbl 84ix})

dyvsvfof JflAlfsbv iv nc²¿ rst } sjfb dyvsvfof stfj iaskAj dlsbv idvhskG dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jvfv iv zfïfr kfsj zfsvfoA lfb jvst kfv ubA ‰ dlbÈdtsj jfpf vfJf uv¢vD bq. spsrkc svfpfv hlst JflA lfb jvfv Ist kfv lfdqk¶ pKfnmsq iftb rsq sosY. (48} 41ix}) sjfb svfoD svfsov jfvsB svfpf sYsV dlt. kfviv jfpf jvfv ubA zfsvfoA tfsHv zfwfq dYt. dj§Â kfv svfo Hfstf rt bf. hvQ ufbsk ifvt sp, kfv svfo dyv²¿fqD. ˆmb stfsjv ubA svfpf jfpf jvfv hlst iaskAj dlsbv idvhskG ˆj ˆjde dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jvf uv¢vD. (70} 27bQ) ˆjub svfoD dyvsvfo Kfjfv Ist svfpf vfsJ db. dj§Â dmnjDbsj JflAW lfb jsv db. zk}iv jsqj hYv ifv rWqfv iv sn nc²¿ rsq …Et. ˆmb svfoDv ubAW ok vmpfbnmCsrv svfpf jfpf jvsk hfLA bq. hvQ sn iaskAj dlsbv dhdbmsq ˆjde jsv dmnjDb JfWqfsk hfLA. zhwA zfofmD vmpfsb kfv ubA svfpf vfJf zhwAƒ Ivp. (ƒhsb hfp, mh} 30/112, mcm} 6/453)

jfpf vfJfv iCshG dj bIt vfJf ytsh? vmpfsbv jfpf svfpf vfJfv ubA nmq nQjDBG bf rst kfv iCshG bIt svfpf vfJf ShL W ðÝ. zkˆh nmq psKó Kfjst Ivp svfpf jfpf jvfv zfso mcndtm bIt svfpf vfJsk ifsv. spmb Ivp bfmfp zflfq jvfv zfso bIt bfmfp iVsk ifsv. zfv ˆsk sjfb sofbfr sbƒ. …Hsqv msLA zbcdmdkv jKf nc±ió. ksh …Ùm rt iaKsm Ivp svfpf jfpf svsJ sbWqf. ˆmb dj pctrsÏv iaKm 8 dlb, zfvfIfv dlb, zfwCvfv dlb ˆsn …id²¿k rst sn dlbÈdtskW jfpf svfpf vfJsh. n©Hhk} kfsk jfpf vfJfv nWqfh W ‰ dlbÈdtv IpDtk …Hqƒ tfH jvsh. zfv pdl Lsv sbWqfƒ pfq sp, jfpf vfJst ‰ dlbÈdtv IpDtk ifsh bf, kfrstW bIt vfJf sKsj Ivp jfpf jvfv Èv¢k¶ W mfrfk¹A zdLj. (mcm} 6/448) kf YfVf djYc nQJAj …tfmf vmpfsbv svfpf jfpf vfJfv iCshG bIt svfpf vfJf mjv™r msb jsvsYb. (ƒzfwf} 2/306 û}) i[f§Àsv wWqfstv Yq svfpf vmpfsbv svfpf jfpf jvfv zfso vfJf pfsh bf. vfJst kf nfLfvB bIstv mfb ifsh; wWqfstv svfpfv IpDtk ifWqf pfsh bf. sjbbf, mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ vmpfsbv svfpf vfJfv iv iv wWqfstv Yqde svfpf vfsJ, sn hAdÙÁv nfvf hYv svfpf vfJf rq.« (mc} 1164, zflf} 2433, dk}, ƒmf} 1716bQ, lf}, iamcJ) dj§Â pfv vmpfsbv svfpf zhdwó Kfjsh, kfv hAfifsv ˆ jKf pKfpK rsh bf sp, sn vmpfsbv svfpf svsJsY. (mcm} 6/449, Iƒ} 2/166)

svfpf jfpf svsJ mfvf sost }


155

sp hAdÙÁ bfmfp jfpf svsJ mfvf pfq, sn hAdÙÁv zdHHfhj hf zbA sj… kfv i[ sKsj sn bfmfp zflfq jsv dlsk ifsv bf. zfv kfv ubA sjfb jfIXIfvf hf sjfb dIlXqAfr-udvmfbf sbƒ. klbcv™i sp hAdÙÁ svfpf vfJsk z[m, sn hAdÙÁv kvI sKsj kfv uDhsb sj… kfv snƒ svfpf svsJ dlsk ifsv bf. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

و أ ن ل ي س ل إل ن س ان إ ال م ا س ع ى(( (( zKGf{, zfv ˆƒ sp, mfbcN pf syóf jsv, kfƒ sn sisq Kfsj. (jc} 53/39) pdl sjfb hAdÙÁ vmpfb mfn ytf zh²¿fq mfvf pfq, kfrst mfsnv zhdwó dlbÈdtv hAfifsv kfv …isv zKhf kfv zdHHfhsjv …isv sjfb djYc Wqfsuh bq. (70} 14bQ, kfƒvf} 49ix}) dj§Â sjfb svfoD svfso Kfjf zh²¿fq (djYc hf n©iCBG) vmpfb ifv rsq mfvf sost kfv hAfifsv dh²Àfdvk dhhvB zfsY }- 1. sp svfoDv zfsvfsoAv zfwf zfsY, zfsvfoA ipG§À kfv …iv svfpf Wqfsuh Kfjsh. dj§Â svfo pdl sKsjƒ pfq ˆhQ jfpf jvfv ncspfo rWqfv zfsoƒ sn mfvf pfq, kfrst kfv …iv djYcƒ Wqfsuh bq. jfvB, kfv …iv Wqfsuh dYt jfpf, zfv kf jvsk sn ncspfoƒ ifq db. 2. ˆmb svfoD pfv zfsvfsoAv sjfb zfwf sbƒ. kfv kvI sKsj ðv¢ sKsjƒ dmnjDb JfWqfsbf Wqfsuh; svfpf jfpfv idvhskG bq. sn mfvf sost kfv kvI sKsj iaskAj svfpfv dhdbmsq ˆjde jsv dmnjDb Jfƒsq dlstƒ Wqfsuh zflfq rsq pfsh. spsrkc pfv Wpv lCv rWqfv mk bq -spmb, zKhG hxÝ ˆhQ dyvsvfof, kfv kvI sKsj 1de svfpfv hlst 1de dmnjDb JfWqfsbfƒ Wqfsuh. 3. ˆmb svfoD pfv zfsvfsoAv zfwf dYt, zk}iv vmpfb isv sn nc²¿W rsqsY ˆhQ jfpf jvfv ncspfoW sisqsY. dj§Â jfpf jvfv zfsoƒ sn mfvf sosY. ˆmb svfoDv kvI sKsj kfv dbjefk¹Dq iaskAj svfpfv idvhskG ˆjde jsv dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jvsh. (mcm} 6/452-453) zhwA pdl ‰ mxkhAdÙÁv sjfb zfk¹Dq kfv kvI sKsj svfpfÈdt jfpf svsJ dlsk yfq, kfrst kfW djYc …tfmfv dbje ðÝ rsq pfsh. (mcm} 6/455-456, 70} 29bQ) spsrkc mf zfsqwf (vf}) jkGxj hdBGk, mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ dbsuv lfdqsk¶ svfpf Kfjf zh²¿fq mfvf pfsh, kfv kvI sKsj kfv zdHHfhj (Wqfsvn) svfpf vfJsh.« (hc} 1952, mc} 1147bQ, iamcJ) zbA djYc …tfmf ˆƒ mksj iafLfbA slb sp, …ÙÁ rflDn bpsvv svfpfv hAfifsv dhhxk rsqsY. i[f§Àsv vmpfsbv Ivp svfpf hfjD vfJf zh²¿fq mfvf sost, kfv kvI sKsj jfsvf svfpf vfJf ytsh bf. hvQ kfv zdHHfhj hf Wqfsvn kfv kvI sKsj iaskAj dlsbv idvhskG 1de jsv dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jvsh. (zfuf} 170ix}, kfdm} 427-428ix} û}) spsrkc zfmvfr jkGxj hdBGk, k]fv zf©mf vmpfsbv svfpf hfjD vfJf zh²¿fq mfvf pfb. dkdb zfsqwf (vf})sj duÎfnf jvstb, `zfdm dj k]fv kvI sKsj jfpf svsJ slh?'


…Ùsv dkdb htstb, `bf. hvQ k]fv kvI sKsj iaskAj dlsbv idvhskG 1de jsv dmnjDbsj zLG nf' (smfefmcde nWqf 1 djstf) JflA lfb jv.' (k¶frfhD, ƒhsb rfpXm, zfuf} 170ix} û})

ƒhsb zfêfn jkGxj hdBGk sp, ˆj mdrtf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv dbje ˆsn duÎfnf jvt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfv mf mfvf sosYb. dj§Â k]fv dp©mfq bpsvv svfpf hfjD zfsY. ˆJb zfdm dj k]fv kvI sKsj svfpf svsJ slfh?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªskfmfv mfsqv dp©mfq sjfb ‡B hfjD Kfjst kf dj kcdm idvswfL jvsk? kf dj kfv kvI sKsj zflfq jvf rk?« mdrtfde htt, ùD r]Af.' dkdb htstb, ªzkˆh kcdm skfmfv mfsqv kvI sKsj svfpf svsJ lfW.« (zf} 2/216, hc} 1953, mc} 1148, zflf} 3308bQ iamcJ) ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, `pdl sjfb stfj vmpfsb hAfdLoa²À rq, zk}iv sn mfvf pfq ˆhQ svfpf (jfpf jvfv ncspfo ifWqf nsÙ¶W) svfpf bf svsJ Kfsj, kfrst kfv kvI sKsj dmnjDb Jfƒsq dlsk rsh; kfv ubA svfpf jfpf sbƒ. dj§Â pdl sn bpsvv svfpf bf svsJ mfvf pfq, kfrst kfv zdHHfhj (hf Wqfsvn) kfv kvI sKsj snƒ svfpf jfpf jsv slsh.' (nzflf} 2101bQ iamcJ) htf hfùtA, sp hAdÙÁ bpsvv svfpf bf svsJ mfvf pfsh, kfv kvI sKsj kfv Wqfsvn svfpf svsJ slsh. zfv ˆƒ svfpf svsJ slWqfv mfb rt mc²Àfrfh. jfvB, mrfb zfïfr hstb,

و ال ت ز ر و از ر ة و ز ر أ خ ر ى(( (( zKGf{, sj… zisvv Hfv hrb jvsh bf. (jc} 6/164) mxkhAdÙÁv kvI sKsj svfpf vfJfv nmq ˆjfdLj svfpf rst Wqfsvnvf pdl zfsifsn Hfo jsv vfsJ, kfrst kf ShL. dj§Â ˆƒ HfofHfdo `dprfv' djQhf vmpfsbv dlsb nÌm jvfv jfIXIfvfv svfpfq ytsh bf. jfvB, kfsk tfofkfv svfpf rWqfv wkG zfsY. zfv HfofHfdo jsv vfJst dbvhd¤Yâkf Kfsj bf. zkˆh rq mfÛ ˆjubƒ tfofkfv 60 svfpf svsJ slsh. bkchf 60de dmnjDb Jfƒsq slsh. (mcm} 6/457-458)


157

iÑlw zLAfq svfpf W vmpfb n©idjGk djYc pqDI W uft rflDn

svfpf W vmpfbsj sj¦û jsv hù pqDI W uft rflDn stfjmcsJ kKf hù hƒ-ic²Àsj iaydtk W iadnÝ rsq zfsY. ˆ ²¿st snƒ swaBDvƒ djYc rflDn nQs[si …sïJ jvh. pfsk ifEj kf ifE jsv nkjG rsk ifsvb ˆhQ kÜ¶fvf zfmt W kfsk …sïdJk jKfv …iv dhw¶fn bf jsv hsnb. zfv ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, sjfb uft skf lCsvv jKf, sjfb pqDI rflDn äfvf zfmt jvf ShL bq; yfsr sn rflDn zfrjfm n©idjGk srfj zKhf Ifpfsqst zf'mft n©idjGk. hvQ nrDr W ðÝHfsh sp nh rflDn hdBGk rsqsY kfƒ zfmstv ubA psKó; pdl zfmvf nkAis[ zfmt jvsk yfƒ. (nuf} HCdmjf 49-56ix} û}) …ÙÁ iajfv djYc rflDn dbmv™i }- 1. nftmfb IfsvnDv tìf rflDn. pfsk zfsY; ªsp hAdÙÁ kfsk sj… ˆjde bIt ƒhflk jvsh, sn hAdÙÁ zbA mfsn ˆjde Ivp zflfsqv nmfb nWqfh tfH jvsh ˆhQ sp sj… kfsk ˆjde Ivp zflfq jvsh, kfv zbA mfsn nÙvde Ivp zflfq jvfv nmfb tfH jvsh. (ˆ mfsnv 1de bIt 1de Ivp ˆhQ 1de Ivp 70de Ivspv nmkctA) ---ˆ mfsn mcdmsbv v¢pD hxdÝ jvf rq. --- ˆ mfsnv iaKm Hfo vrmk, mLA Hfo mfodIvfk ˆhQ swN Hfo ufrfâfm sKsj mcdÙÁ.---« (mcbjfv zKhf pqDI, dnp} 871bQ û})

2. ªvmpfsbv iaskAj vfsÛ mrfb zfïfr 10t[ (pkf} 591bQ) 6 t[ mfbcNsj ufrfâfm sKsj mcÙÁ jsvb. ˆv swN vfsk mcÙÁ jsvb iCshG dhok njt nQJAf idvmfB.« (‰ 598bQ) zbA ˆj hBGbfq htf rsqsY, ªiakAr 60 rfufv mfbcNsj mcÙÁ jvf rq.« (‰ 599bQ) 3. ªvmpfb mfsnv ubA shsrñXsj ncndÏk jvf rq. iaKm vfsÛ zfvswv dbsy ˆj iajfv rfWqf yst. --- ùvDoB shsrsñv …]yc ufqofq l]fdVsq htsk Kfsj, `zfïfrv jfsY zfmfslv sjfb iqofmlfkf zfsY dj? pfv nfsK dkdb zfmfslv dhhfr slshb---.' iakAr ƒIkfsvv nmq zfïfr lw tfJ ufrfâfmDsj mcÙÁ jsvb. mfsnv swN dlsb dhok njt nQJAj mfbcN mcÙÁ jsvb. wshjlsvv vfsk jfhfv disE nhcu ikfjf ofVf rq.--- dIdvñfoB ƒhflkjfvDslv nfsK mcnfIfrf jsvb---.« (‰ 594bQ) 4. ªvmpfb mfsnv ubA shsrñXsj ncndÏk jvf rq. iaKm vfsÛ zfvswv dbsy shsrsñv ofY-ifkf sKsj ùvDslv …iv ˆj iajfv rfWqf yst. kJb ùvDoB hst, `sr vê! skfmfv hf¦lfosBv mLA rsk zfmfslv öfmD dbhGfyb jv; pfslvsj slsJ zfmfslv ˆhQ zfmfslvsj slsJ kfslv y[c wDkt rq.« (dnp} 1325bQ) 5. ªzfïfr vmpfb mfsnv iaKm njfst sjfb mcntmfbsj mfI bf jsv YfsVb bf.«


(‰ 296bQ) 6. vmpfsbv iv swaô svfpf, vmpfsbv kf'pDsm wf'hfsbv svfpf ˆhQ nhsysq swaô nljf rt vmpfsbv nljf.« (puf} 1023bQ) 7. ªswaô lfb rt, vmpfb mfsn lfb.« (‰ 1019, ƒo} 889bQ) 8. ªzfmfv …©mksj vmpfsb i]fyde dudbn lfb jvf rsqsY; pf ƒdkiCshG sjfb …©mksj lfb jvf rq db. ƒIkfv jvf ipG§À ifdbv mfY zKhf dIdvñfvf kfslv ubA [mf iafKGbf jsv. zfïfr iaskAj dlb shsrñXsj ncndÏk jsv Kfsjb.--« (mfpf} 3/140, zf} 7904bQ eDjf, pkf} 586bQ) 9. ªvuh mfn zfok rst bhD lczf jvskb, `sr zfïfr zfmfslv vuh W wf'hfsb hjGk lfW ˆhQ vmpfb si]ZYfW.« (pqDIct ufsm' 4395bQ) 10. ªvmpfb iashw jvst bhD iaskAj h¦lDsj mcdÙÁ dlskb ˆhQ iaskAj pfÍfjfvDsj lfb jvskb.« (dnp} 3015, puf} 4396bQ) 11. ªvmpfb iashw jvst bhD -ˆv vM hlst spk, k]fv bfmfp shsV spk, lczfq zfjct rskb---« (puf} 4397bQ) 12. ªskfmfslv jfsY hjGskv mfn vmpfb ˆsn …id²¿k rsqsY. --- zfïfr ˆ mfsn skfmfslv zfsifsn iadkspfdokf slJshb ˆhQ skfmfslvsj dbsq dIdvñfslv jfsY ohG jvshb.---« (mfpf} 3/142, pkf} 592bQ) 13. ªvmpfb mfsnv ˆjde knhDr zbA mfsnv rfufv knhDr zsi[f swaô.« (pdk} 686bQ) 14. ªvmpfb dj dudbn kf pdl zfmfv …©mk ufbk, kfrst zfwf jvk sp, nfvf hYvefƒ spb vmpfb srfj. sp sj… vmpfsbv ˆjde svfpf vfJsh, kfv nsÌ mcÙÁfv k]fhcsk zfqkstfybf ˆjde ùvDv nfsK dhhfr slWqf rsh. ---iaskAj ²ÃDv rsh 70de jsv dHâ dHâ idv¤Yl. kfsj 70 vsMv sJfwhc lfb jvf rsh. --« (rflDnde uft, dnp} 3/494, pkf} 596bQ) 15. ªvmpfsbv iaKm vfdÛ ˆst zfïfr svfpflfv nxdóv iadk lxdóifk jsvb. zfv sp hf¦lfv iadk zfïfr lxdóifk jsvb, dkdb kfsj zfpfh slb bf. vmpfsbv iaskAj vfsÛ dkdb 10 tfJ ufrfâfmDsj mcdÙÁ slb.---« (rflDnde uft, dnp} 299bQ) 16. ªsp hAdÙÁ mÄfq vmpfb sisq snJfsb svfpf vfsJ ˆhQ pKfnfLA vfskv bfmfp isV, zfïfr kfv ubA zbA ufqofv 1 tfJ mfn vmpfsbv nWqfh dtsJ slb---.« (puf} 5375bQ) 17. ªmÄfv ˆjde vmpfb zbA ufqofv rfufv vmpfb zsi[f swaô.« (dnp} 2/231) 18. ªmlDbfv ˆjde vmpfb zbA ufqofv rfufv vmpfb zsi[f swaô.« (dnp} 831bQ) 19. ªdkb hAdÙÁsj ifbfrfsvv dbqfmk n©isjG iaw jvf rsh bf; ƒIkfvjfvD, snrvD Jfsb-Wqftf----.« (rflDnde uft, dnp} 1980bQ) 20. ªzfïfr djvfmfb jfskhDbsj zrD jsvsYb sp, zfmfv svfpflfv hf¦lfslv


159

zfnsvv iv jxk sjfb ifi dtdihÝ jsvf bf.« (Ifmfzfmf}, djdn} 95ix}) 21. ª---zfïfrv ˆjde JflA idviCBG ncndÏk JfÑf zfsY, pfsk ˆmb nh JflA zfsY pf sjfb y[c lwGb jsv db, sjfb jBG wahB jsv db ˆhQ jfsvf mfbcsNv msbW kf jd¬ik rq db. sp JfÑfsk svfpflfvvf YfVf zbA sj… hnsh bf.« (puf} 3559bQ) 22. ªsp hf¦lf zfmfv n§Âdó tfsHv ubA svfpf vfJsh, zfdm kfv slrsj nc²¿ vfJh ˆhQ kfsj hxr{ nWqfh lfb jvh.« (puf} 1571bQ) 23. ªsvfpf vfJ nc²¿ Kfjsh.« (‰ 3504, dnp} 253bQ) 24. ªsvfpf rt zsLGj SLpG.« (pƒmf} 382bQ) 25. ªiaskAj dudbsnv pfjfk zfsY, zfv slsrv pfjfk rt svfpf.« (‰ 382bQ) 26. ªsvfpflfsvv dbje sj… Jfhfv sJst, Jfhfv swN bf rWqf ipG§À kfv ubA dIdvñfhoG lczf jvsk Kfsjb.« (dnp} 1332, pƒmf} 384bQ) 27. ªsvfpflfsvv zd²¿nmCr knhDr ifE jsv, ˆhQ pk[B kfv nfmsb JfWqf rq, kk[B dIdvñfoB kfv ubA lczf jvsk Kfsjb.« (uft rflDn, dnp} 1331, pƒmf} 385bQ) 28. ªsvfpflfsvv Ocm ƒhflk, kfv bDvhkf knhDr ˆhQ zfmstv nWqfh hùÈB.« (puf} 5972, dnp} 5984bQ) 29. ªsvfpflfv ƒhflsk Kfsj; pdlW sn dhYfbfq ðsq Kfsj.« (dnp} 653bQ) 30. ªsvfpf vfJst njfst l]fkb jsvf ˆhQ dhjfst jsvf bf. jfvB, sp svfpflfsvv sE]fe lcde dhjfst ðdjsq pfq, djqfmsk snƒ svfpflfsvv syfsJv nfmsb suAfdk rsh.« (puf} 579bQ) 31. ªsp sj… svfpf bó jvsh, sn spb ˆjde …]ebD jcvhfbD jsv. kf jvsk bf ifvst sn spb dmnjDbslvsj 75 sjdu sJucv lfb jsv.« (uft rflDn, dnp} 623, puf} 5461bQ) 32. ªsp hAdÙÁ vmpfsbv ˆjde mfÛ svfpf sjfb Wpv W svfo dhbf bó jsv slq sn hAdÙÁ nfvf uDhb svfpf vfJstW kf iCvB jvsk ifvsh bf.« (pzflf} 413, puf} 5462bQ) 33. ªi]fyde jfsu svfpf W WpC bó rq; dmKAf htf, oDhk jvf, ycotD jvf, (mdrtfv iadk) jfmlxdósk kfdjsq slJf ˆhQ dmKAf jnm JfWqf.« (uft rflDn, dnp} 1708, puf} 2849bQ) 34. ª(sp lcub mdrtf vÙÁ zKhf mfQn W ic]u hdm jsvdYt) kfvf rftft dudbn hAhrfv bf jsv svfpf svsJdYt, dj§Â zfïfr jkGxj rfvfm dudbn äfvf ƒIkfv jsvdYt. …Hsq hsn (oDhk jvfv mfLAsm) stfsjv sofñX sJsqdYt.« (dnp} 519bQ) 35. ªnIsv vmpfsbv svfpf vfJf, Osv Kfjf zh²¿fq svfpf bójfvDv mk.« (‰ 498, pƒmf} 365bQ) 36. ªsp hAdÙÁ rftft sJucv äfvf ƒIkfv jvsh, kfv bfmfpsj 4 wk ÈB hdLGk jvf rsh.« (rflDnde uft, djdn} 95ix}, Ifmfzfmf}) 37. ªsp hAdÙÁ rftft …ifuGb sKsj vmpfb mfsn ˆjde svfpflfvsj ƒIkfv jvfsh, sn hAdÙÁv ubA vmpfsbv nm²À vfsÛ dIdvñfhoG lczf jvshb ˆhQ wshjlsv duhvf„t


kfv nfsK mcnfIfrf jvshb---.« (dnp} 1333bQ) 38. ªƒIkfsvv nmq svfpflfsvv lczf vÜX jvf rq bf.« (pƒmf} 387, dnp} 4325, ƒo} 921bQ) 39. ªiaskAj svfpflfv hf¦lfv ubA ƒIkfsvv nmq jhctspfoA lczf vsqsY. kf kfsj lcdbqfq lfb jvf rq zKhf zfsJvfskv ubA umf vfJf rq.« (puf} 4733bQ) 40. ƒIkfsvv nmq dkdb htskb, ªzfïfù©mf tfjf ncmkc z zftf dvpdj¶jf zfIk¶fvkc.« (puf}4349bQ) 41. ƒIkfsvv nmq dkdb htskb, ªzfïfù©mf tfjf ncmkc z zftf dvpdj¶jf zfIk¶fvkc. Ifkfj¶fêft dmâD, ƒâfjf zf§Àfn nfmD…t zftDm.« (puf} 4350bQ) 42. ƒIkfsvv nmq dkdb htskb, ªzftrfmlc dtïfdrïfpD zfzf'bfbD Ifncmkc zvfpfj¶fbD IfzfIk¶fvkc.« (puf} 4348bQ)

43. ªvmpfsbv vfsk mcdmb bfmfp iVst zfïfr kfv iaskAj dnulfv dhdbmsq 1500 nWqfh dtdihÝ jsvb ˆhQ shsrsñ kfv ubA tft vsMv iahfstv ˆjde oxr dbmGfB jvf rq; kfv zfsY 60000 lvuf, iaskAj lvufq zfsY ˆjde jsv ösBGv mrt---. vmpfsbv iaKm svfpf vfJst iÇyfskv njt ifi mfI rsq pfq---. iakAr Iusvv bfmfspv iv sKsj nCpGf²À ipG§À 70000 dIdvñf kfv ubA [mf iafKGbf jsv---. vmpfb mfsnv dlsb zKhf vfsk iaskAj dnulfv dhdbmsq ˆjde jsv (ufâfsk) hx[ tfH rsh; pfv Yfqfkst nWqfvD 500 hYsvv iK ytsh.« (pkf} 588bQ) 44. ª„slv dlb ˆsn …id²¿k rst dIdvñfhoG vf²Àfv smfsV smfsV l]fdVsq zfrhfb jsvb---. zk}iv pJb bfmfp rsq pfq kJb zfrhfbjfvD zfrhfb jsv, swfb! skfmfslv iadkiftj skfmfslvsj [mf jsv dlsqsYb---.' zfv zfnmfsb ˆƒ dlsbv bfm rt icvõfsvv dlb.« (mfpf} 2/201, pkf} 594bQ) 45. ªvmpfsbv svfpf zfjfw W ixdKhDv mfsU tejfsbf Kfsj. dIkvf dlst kshƒ kf …dÚk jvf rq.« (dnp} 43bQ) 46. ªsp hAdÙÁ svfpfv (swN) lwsj ƒ'dkjfI jvsh, kfv lcde rÏ W lcde …mvfr jvfv nmfb nWqfh tfH rsh.« (rflDnde uft, dnp} 518bQ) 47. ªvmpfb hstf bf. jfvB, `vmpfb' rt zfïfrv zbAkm bfm. hvQ skfmvf vmpfb mfn hstf.« (mcJftfIfkc vfmfpfb, wfqJ zfèct zfpDp nflrfb) 48. ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv n§Âdó tfsHv …sÜswA ˆjdlb svfpf vfJsh, kfv jfY sKsj ufrfâfmsj ˆk lCsvv iK jsv slshb; sp iK ˆjde jfj Yfbf zh²¿f sKsj hcsVf rsq mvf ipG§À …sV zdkÛÁm jvsk ifsv. (pkf} 574bQ) 49. ªmcndtm svfpf vfJst ---- ifi sKsj snƒ vjm shdvsq zfsn, spmb nfi shdvsq zfsn kfv sJftn sKsj.« (pkf} 595bQ) 50. ªmcndtm svfpf vfJst ---- ifi sKsj snƒ vjm shdvsq zfsn, spmb shdvsq zfsn mfsqv sie sKsj db°ifi rsq.« (pkf} 602bQ) 51. ªzfïfr dbsuv ubA ˆƒ Ifqnftf W d²¿v jsv svsJsYb sp, sp hAdÙÁ sjfb ovsmv dlsb zfïfrv Wqfs²À dbsusj (svfpf svsJ) diifdnk jvsh, zfïfr kfsj ˆƒ


161

zdLjfv slshb sp, dkdb djqfmskv dlb kfv diifnf lCv jsv slshb.« (pkf} 578bQ)

Nôlw zLAfq vmpfsbv djYc dhlzfskv bmcbf

sjfb sjfb zÑst hf nmfsu vmpfb mfsn ˆj ˆj iajfv dhlzfk iaydtk rsq isVsY. sn njt dhlzfk sKsj nfhLfb jvfv ubA ˆJfsb djYc dhlzfk …sïJ jvf nÌk hst msb jvdY. 1. svfpfv dbqk mcsJ …¤yfvB jvf. 2. ªbfWqfƒkc zfb zfnCmf oflfm dmb wfrdv vfmfpfb« hst h]fLf dbqk htf. 3. vmpfsbv vfsÛ jcvzfb iVfv ubA HfVfdeqf jfvD HfVf jvf. (mcdh} 268ix}, lcvf} 40ix}) 4. mfƒsj ˆj vfsÛ jcvzfb Jkm (whDbf ifE) jvf. 5. mDtfl hf mWtCl ifE jvf ˆhQ kfv swsN bhD -ˆv wfsb lv™l ifE jvfv ubA …sE l]fdVsq mboVf lv™l iVf. snƒ nfsK mcbfufsk zfmstv nWqfh zfdìqf W zfWdtqf hf sjfb zfk¹Dqv v™srv ubA hJsw slWqf. (zfuf} 260-261ix}) 6. iChGnkjGkfmCtj jmG sHsh Iuv rWqfv 5/10 dmdbe zfso JfWqf há jvf ˆhQ nCpG z²À pfWqfv 3/5 dmdbe isv ƒIkfv jvf. (Ihf} 4/199, kfdm} 415ix}, mcdh} 268, 361ix}) 7. snrvD W ƒIkfsvv nmq ufbfsbfv …sÜswA skfi lfof. (mcdh} 268ix}) 8. snrvD sJsk ufofsbfv …sÜswA zfpfsbv idvhskG jcvzfb W out ifE jvf. 9. mnduslv dmbfsv snrvD W ƒIkfsvv ubA dbdlGó tfƒe hAhrfv jvf. spmb, snrvDv nmq swN rst tft hfdk ˆhQ ƒIkfvDv nmq ðv¢ rst nhcu hfdk u¶fdtsq slWqf. (Ihf} 4/199, mcdh} 361ix}) 10. snrvD bf sJsq zdLj nWqfshv zfwf jvf. (mcdh} 361ix}) 11. jcvzfb Jkm rWqfv iv hfjD vfsk kfvfhDr bf iVf. (‰ 268ix}) 12. iaKsm ifdb bf sJsq zflf W thB dlsq ƒIkfvD jvfsj Hfstf msb jvf. 13. ƒIkfsvv zfso rfk kcst ufmfzfkD mcbfufk jvf. 14. ƒIkfsvv nmq ªzfïfù©mf ƒâD zfnzftcjf dhvfrmfdkjfïfkD zdnzfk jcïf wfƒƒb zfb kfodIvf tD« hst lczf jvf. (ˆ hAfifsv zfnfvde pqDI. û} pƒmf} 387, ƒo} 921bQ, zfv ƒIkfvDv dhhvsB zfstfdyk rsqsY sp, ªpfrfhfp pfmf…---« YfVf ƒIkfvDv ubA zbA sjfb lczf dhðÝHfsh iamfdBk bq.) 15. ƒIkfsvv nmq ªzfïfù©mf tfjf ncmkc, zdhjf zf-mfbkc, zzftfƒjf kfWqfÄftkc, zzftf dvpdj¶jf zfIkfvkc, dhvfrmfdkjf ƒqf zfvrfmcv vf-drmDb« hst lczf jvf. 16. dhswN jsv vuh, wfhfb W vmpfsb mxkslv jtAfsBv …sÜswA lfb-Jqvfk jvf. (zfuf} 257bQ dhlzfk, mcdh} 269ix}) 17. nfvf hYv bfmfp bf isV ˆhQ kfv nQj¬i bf dbsq sjht vmpfb mfsn svfpf


svsJ (Ivp, ncâk W bIt) bfmfp iVf W knhDr zfWVfsbf. (mcdh} 270ix}) 18. wshjlsvv 100 hf 1000 vfjzfk bfmfp iVf. 19. wshjlsv dhswN jsv `nftfkck kfnhDr' bfmfp iVf. 20. sjht 27swv vfksj wshjlv msb jvf ˆhQ sjht snƒ vfk ufovB jvf W hfjD vfk bf ufof. 21. dhswN jsv wshjlsvv vfsk …mvfr jvf. (mcm} 6/496, 497) 22. dhswN jsv 27swv vfdÛ ufovB jsv ufmfzfkD dpjXv jvf, bfbf vjsmv ifbfrfv nfmoaD SkvD hf ÛÁq jsv ifb-sHfub jvf, dmdó dhkvB jvf W Wqfp-mfrdIt jvf. (mflf} 1674/14 vmpfb 1419dr}) 23. dbdlGó sjfb vfsk ˆjfjD hf ufmfzfkD dbdlGó dpjXv iVf. (‰) 24. nfkfswv vfsÛ stfsjslv dmdó djbsk dH]V jvf, (kf JfWqf W lfb jvf). (mcdh} 269ix}) 25. „slv vfdÛ ufovB jsv ƒhflk jvf. iCshG …sïdJk rsqsY sp, ˆ hAfifsv hdBGk rflDnde uft. (û} dnp} 520, 521, 522bQ, mcdh} 332ix}, lcvf} 100ix}) 26. vmpfsbv swN ucmzfr (dhlfqD ucmzfr) dhswN …ÜDibfv nfsK iftb jvf. 27. mf-hfsiv bfsm dhswN sHfu-zbcôfb jvf. (Ifdn} mcndbl 104ix}, kfƒvf} 50ix}) 28. wfhfsbv 15 kfvDsJv vfsk bfmfp W dlsb svfpf vfJf. (mcdh} 362ix}) htf hfùtA ˆ hAfifsv sjfb nrDr rflDn sbƒ. nhswsN ˆ jKf njt mcndtsmv susb vfJf …dyk sp, dbÇyq …Ùm hfBD zfïfrv oa§¿ ˆhQ …Ùm iK-dbslGw mcrf©mfl -ˆv iK-dbslGw. nh sysq m¦l jmG äDsbv zdHbh vdyk jmGnmCr. ˆhQ iaskAj bh jmGƒ dhlzfk, zfv iaskAj dhlzfkXƒ ëókf.« ªˆhQ iaskAj ëókfv ²¿fb slfpsJ.« (mc}, bf}) mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb ˆmb jfu jsv pfv …iv zfmfslv sjfb dbslGw sbƒ kf iakAfJAfk.« (mc}) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfslv ˆ (l¶Db) dhNsq djYc ˆmb jmG …ßfhb jvsh pf Wv ipGfqHcÙÁ bq, kf iakAfJAfk.« (hc}, mc})


163

nålw zLAfq ncâk W bIt svfpf

svfpfv däkDq iajfv rt ncâk, bIt (zdkdvÙÁ) svfpf; pf iftb jvf mcndtsmv ubA Wqfsuh bq. dj§Â iftb jvst IpDtk W nWqfshv zdLjfvD rWqf pfq. mrfb zfïfrv ˆjde drjmk W zbcoar ˆƒ sp, dkdb Ivp ƒhflskv mkƒ bIt ƒhflkW dhdLhÝ jsvsYb. dkdb sp zfmt Ivp jsvsYb, zbcv™i snƒ zfmt bItW jsvsYb hf¦lfv ubA. Ivp ƒhflskv mfsU ˆjdlsj spmb Odek Û¢de bIt ƒhflk äfvf iCvB rsq pfq. skmdb ziv dlsj kfvƒ mfLAsm zfmtjfvDv sbjD W nWqfh hxdÝ rq. i[f§Àsv kf dhdLhÝ bf rst kf iftb jvf ëójfvD dhlzfk hst oBA rk. zfv rflDsn htf rsqsY sp, ªdjqfmskv dlb bIt ƒhflk äfvf Ivp ƒhflskv zn©iCBGkf iCBG jvf rsh.« (zf} 2/425, zflf} 864bQ, dk}, bf}, ƒmf}, rf} 1/262, nzflf} 770bQ)

bIt svfpfv ubA dbqk }

bIt svfpfv dbqk Iusvv zfso sKsj rWqf uv¢vD bq. hvQ dlsbv shtfq nCpG Ttfv zfso hf isv dbqk jvstƒ svfpf ðÝ rsq pfq. zhwA Ivp svfpfv shtfq kf rq bf - spmb iCshGƒ ˆ jKf zfstfdyk rsqsY. ksh bIt svfpfv s[sÛW wkG rt, spb dbqk jvfv zfso Iuv …lq rWqfv iv sjfb svfpf bójfvD dudbn hAhrfv bf jvf rq. htf hfùtA, pdl kf (ifbfrfv hf zbA djYc) hAhrfv jsv Kfsj kfrst svfpf rsh bf. ˆ jKfv ltDt mf zfsqwfv rflDn; dkdb hstb, ˆjlf bhD k]fv dbje ˆsn duÎfnf jvstb, ªskfmfslv jfsY (Jfhfv) djYc zfsY dj?« htstb, ùD bf.' mrfbhD kJb htstb, ªkfrst zfusj zfdm svfpf Kfjtfm.« (mc} 1154bQ, iamcJ) zfv ˆƒ zfmt dYt nfrfhf -slv. (û} hc} 379ix}) dj§Â ufbfv jKf sp, dlsbv shtfq dbqk jvst, sjht dbqk jvfv iv sKsjƒ nWqfshv zdLjfvD rsh. nckvfQ sj… nCpG Ttfv nmq dbqk jvst sn sjht zsLGj svfpfv nWqfh iafå rsh; kfv shwD bq. (mcm} 6/372-374) spsrkc diaq bhD hstb, ªpfhkDq zfmt dbqskv …iv dbHGvwDt. nckvfQ iaskAj hAdÙÁv kf-ƒ iafiA rq, pfv sn dbqk jsv Kfsj.« (hc} 1bQ, mc} 1907bQ)


bIt svfpfv iajfvsHl bIt svfpf lcƒ iajfv; nfLfvB bIt ˆhQ dbdlGó bIt. ˆJfsb dbdlGó svfpfnmCsrv jKf zfstfybf jvf rs¤Y.

1. wWqfstv Yq svfpf sp hAdÙÁv vmpfsbv svfpf iCBG rsq pfsh, kfv ubA wWqft mfsnv 6de svfpf vfJf mc²Àfrfh. zfv ˆsk kfv ubA vsqsY hxr{ nWqfh. mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ vmpfsbv svfpf vfJfv isv-isvƒ wWqft mfsn Yqde svfpf iftb jsv sn hAdÙÁv iCBG h{nsvv svfpf vfJfv nmkctA nWqfh tfH rq.« (mc} 1164bQ, nczf}) ˆƒ nWqfh ˆƒ ubA rsh sp, zfïfrv zbcoasr 1de jfsuv nWqfh 10de jsv ifWqf pfq. zkˆh snƒ dHdÙsk 1 mfsnv (30 dlsbv) svfpf 10 mfsnv (300 dlsbv) nmfb ˆhQ 6 dlsbv svfpf 2 mfsnv (60 dlsbv) nmfb; nhGsmfe 12 mfn (360 dlb) hf ˆj hYsvv nWqfh tfH rsq Kfsj. zfv ˆƒ Hfsh snƒ svfpflfsvv uDhsbv iaskAjde dlb svfpf vfJf rq! lqfmq zfïfr hstb,

م ن ج اء ب ال ح س ن ة ف ل ه ع ش ر أ م ث ال ه ا(( (( zKGf{, sj… sjfb Hft jfu jvst, sn kfv 10 ÈB iadklfb ifsh. (jc} 6/160) ˆƒ svfpf dhdLhÝ rWqfv jfvB -zfv zfïfrƒ Hft ufsbb - kf rt Ivp bfmfspv iv ncâfsk mczfÄflfv mk. pf Ivp bfmfspv …ijfdvkf W kfv zn©iCBGkf n©iCBG jsv. zbcv™i ˆƒ Yq svfpf vmpfsbv Ivp svfpfv zn©iCBGkf n©iCBG jsv ˆhQ kfsk sjfb Û¢de Ose Kfjst kf lCv jsv Kfsj. sn zn©iCBGkf W Û¢dev jKf svfpflfv ufbsk ifv¢j zKhf bf ifv¢j. (Ifvfvf} 76ix}) kf YfVf vmpfsbv Ivp svfpf vfJfv iv icbvfq svfpf vfJf vmpfsbv svfpf jhct rWqfv ˆjde t[B. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr pJb sjfb hf¦lfv sbj zfmt jhct jsvb, kJb kfv isvƒ kfsj zfsvf sbj zfmt jvfv kWIDj lfb jsv Kfsjb. spmb …tfmfoB hst Kfsjb, `sbj jfsuv nWqfh rt, kfv isv icb} sbj jfu jvf.' (ƒzfƒ} 92ix}) ˆƒ svfpfv …Ùm nmq rt, „slv nvfndv isvv 6 dlb. jfvB, kfskƒ vsqsY sbj zfmstv dlsj nk¶v Lfhmfb rWqfv ltDt. zfv ˆ jKf mrfbhD -ˆv ˆƒ …dÙÁ ªsp hAdÙÁ vmpfsbv svfpf vfJfv isv-isvƒ wWqft mfsn Yqde svfpf iftb jsv---« sKsj hcUf pfq. klbcv™i …Ùm rt, …ÙÁ Yq svfpfsj tfofkfv vfJf. sjbbf, ˆmbde jvf vmpfsbv


165

zHAfn zbcpfqD nrunfLA. zfv kfsk rsh dhdLhÝ sbj zfmt jvfv iadk nfoasr Lfhmfb rWqfv idvyq. zhwA kf tfofkfv bf svsJ dhd¤YâHfshW vfJf yst. spsrkc rflDsnv zKG hAfij. dj§Â wWqft mfn zdkhfdrk rsq sost kf jfpf jvf dhsLq bq. spsrkc kf ncâk ˆhQ kfv pKfnmq ifv rsq sosY. kfsk kf sjfb Wpsvv Ist ifv srfj zKhf dhbf Wpsv. (ƒhsb hfp} Iƒ} 2/165-166) vmpfsbv svfpf jfpf bf jsv wWqfstv svfpf vfJf dhsLq bq. spmb jfIXIfvfv svfpf Kfjst kf bf svsJ wWqfstv svfpf vfJf yst bf. zfv wWqft mfsn vmpfsbv jfpf vfJst kfƒ wWqfstv svfpf hst psKó rsh bf. (ƒhsb duhvDb, Ifdn} 107ix})

2. zfvfIfv svfpf pct-rÏ mfsnv 9 kfvDJ rt zfvfIfv dlb. ˆƒ dlsb rfuDoB zfvfIfv mqlfsb …id²¿k rb hst ˆƒ bfmjvB rsqsY. ˆƒ dlsbv svfpf vfJfv mfrfk¹A iansÌ mrfbhD duÎfdnk rst dkdb hstdYstb, ª(…ÙÁ svfpf) ok ˆj hYsvv ˆhQ zfofmD ˆj hYsvv jxk ifivfdwsj smfyb jsv slq.« (zf} 5/297, mc} 1162bQ, zflf} 2425bQ, dk}, bf}, ƒmf}, hf} 4/286) rpvk nfrXt dhb nf'l rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb zfïfrv vnCt hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfvfIfv dlb svfpf vfsJ kfv …ipGcidv lcƒ h{nsvv ifivfdw mfI rsq pfq.« (zfhc qAf'tf, nkf}998bQ) zhwA ˆƒ svfpf oxrhfnDv ubA dhsLq; zfvfIfsk zh²¿fbvk rfuDv ubA kf dhsLq bq. sjbbf, ‰ dlsb mrfbhD svfpf svsJsYb dj bf stfsjvf kf dbsq ns¦lr jvst, k]fv dbje ˆj ifÛ lcL ifEfsbf rt. dkdb ‰ dlsbv yfsñv nmq kf ifb jvstb. sn nmq stfsjvf k]fv dlsj kfdjsq slJdYt. (hc} 1988, mc} 1123bQ) zfvfIfv mqlfsb ‰ svfpf dhsLq bf rWqfv jfvB ˆƒ sp, ‰ dlb rt lczf W dpjXsvv dlb. zfv svfpf vfJst kfsk lchGtkf slJf dlsk ifsv. kf YfVf snef rt nIv. zfv nIsv svfpf bf vfJfefƒ …Ùm. (û} pfmf} 2/77, mcm} 6/473) i[f§Àsv zrfuDslv ubA ‰ svfpf dhsLq rWqfv iÇyfsk drjmk rt, ‰ svfpf svsJ svfpflfv rfuDslv nflxwA hvB jvsk ifsv, k]fslv jsmGv iadk zfjf£[D rq ˆhQ k]fslv …iv zfïfrv sp vrmk zhkDBG rq kfsk wfdmt rsk W snƒ vrmskv ldvqfq zfi½ck rsk ifsv. (Ifvfvf} 76ix}) iajfw Kfsj sp, vmpfsbv jfpf svfpfv dbqsk sj… zfvfIf zKhf zfwCvfv dlb svfpf vfJst kfv …Hq nWqfh tfH rsh ƒb wfzfïfr.

3. mcrfvGfm mfsnv svfpf


ncâk svfpfnmCsrv msLA mcrfvGfm mfsnv (zdLjfQw dlsbv) svfpf zbAkm. vmpfsbv iv iv vsqsY ˆƒ svfpfv mfb. zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªvmpfsbv iv nhGswaô svfpf rt zfïfrv mfn mcrfvGfsmv svfpf. zfv Ivp bfmfspv iv nhGswaô bfmfp rt vfskv (kfrfÏcslv) bfmfp.« (mc} 1163bQ, nczf}, ƒJc})

4. zfwCvfv svfpf mcrfvGfm mfsnv svfpfv msLA nhsysq shwD kfjDliafå rt ‰ mfsnv 10 kfvDJ zfwCvfv dlsbv svfpf. vmpfsbv svfpf Ivp rWqfv zfso ˆƒ svfpf Wqfsuh dYt. v¢hfƒsq' dhs§À mczf…dhp hstb, zfïfrv vnCt zfwCvfv njfst mlDbfv zfswifsw zfbnfvslv hd²Àsk hd²Àsk Jhv ifdEsq dlstb sp, ªsp svfpf zh²¿fq njft jsvsY, sn spb kfv svfpf iCBG jsv sbq. zfv sp hAdÙÁ svfpf bf vfJf zh²¿fq njft jsvsY snW spb kfv hfjD dlb iCBG jsv sbq.« v¢hfƒsq' hstb, `zfmvf kfv iv rsk ‰ svfpf vfJkfm ˆhQ zfmfslv sYfe sYfe hf¤yfslvsjW vfJfkfm. kfslv ubA kcstfv sJtbf SkvD jvkfm ˆhQ kfslvsj mndusl dbsq spkfm. zk}iv kfslv msLA sj… Jfhfsvv ubA j]flsk ðv¢ jvst kfsj ‰ sJtbf dlkfm. zfv ˆƒHfsh ƒIkfsvv nmq ˆsn si]ZYk.' (zf} 6/359, hc} 1960, mc} 1136, ƒJc} 2088bQ, hf} 4/288) mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `jcvfƒwvf ufsrdtqfskv pcso zfwCvfv svfpf iftb jvk. zfv zfïfrv vnCt -W ufsrdtqfsk ‰ svfpf vfJskb. (‰ dlb dYt jfhfq dotfI yVfhfv dlb.) zk}iv dkdb pJb mlDbfq ˆstb, kJbW dkdb ‰ svfpf vfJstb ˆhQ njtsj vfJsk zfslw dlstb. dj§Â ivhkGDsk pJb vmpfsbv svfpf Ivp rt, kJb zfwCvfv svfpf sYsV dlstb. kJb zh²¿f ˆƒ rt sp, pfv ƒ¤Yf rsh sn vfJsh ˆhQ pfv ƒ¤Yf rsh sn vfJsh bf.' (hc} 1952, 2002, mc} 1125bQ iamcJ) ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, mrfbhD pJb mÄf sKsj druvk jsv mlDbfq ˆstb, kJb slJstb, ƒqfùlDvf zfwCvfv dlsb svfpf iftb jvsY. dkdb kfslvsj duÎfnf jvstb, ªêf dj ˆmb dlb sp, skfmvf ˆ dlsb svfpf vfJY?« ƒqfùlDvf htt, `ˆ ˆj …Ùm dlb. ˆ dlsb zfïfr hfbD ƒnvf„tsj kfslv wÛ¢ sKsj idvÛfB dlsqdYstb. kfƒ mCnf ˆvƒ jxkÎkf Îfisbv …sÜswA ˆƒ dlsb svfpf iftb jsvdYstb. (zfv snƒ ubAƒ zfmvfW ˆ dlsb svfpf svsJ Kfdj.)' ˆ jKf ðsb mrfbhD htstb, ªmCnfv n¹xdk iftb jvfv hAfifsv skfmfslv yfƒsk zfdm zdLj rjlfv.« nckvfQ dkdb ‰ dlsb svfpf vfJstb ˆhQ njtsj svfpf vfJsk zfslw dlstb. (hc} 2004, mc} 1130bQ) htfƒ hfùtA sp, …ÙÁ zfslw dYt mc²Àfrfh. spmb mf zfsqwfv …dÙÁsk kf ±ió. kf YfVf mrfbhD hstb, ªzfusj zfwCvfv dlb; ˆv svfpf zfïfr skfmfslv …iv Ivp jsvb db. ksh zfdm svfpf svsJdY. nckvfQ pfv ƒ¤Yf sn svfpf vfJsh, pfv ƒ¤Yf sn vfJsh


167

bf.« (hc} 2003, mc} 1129bQ) zfhc jfkflfr rsk hdBGk dkdb hstb, zfïfv vnCt zfwCvfv dlb svfpf vfJf iansÌ duÎfdnk rst dkdb htstb, ªzfdm zfwf jdv sp, (…ÙÁ svfpf) dhok ˆj hYsvv ifivfdw smfyb jsv slsh.« (zf} 5/297, mc} 1162, zflf} 2425, hf} 4/286)

ƒhsb zfêfn iamcJf{ hdBGk, dkdb hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt vmpfsbv svfpfv iv zfwCvfv dlb YfVf sjfb dlbsj zbA dlb zsi[f mfrfk¹AiCBG msb jvskb bf.' (k¶fh} zfWnfk¶, nkf} 1006 bQ) zbcv™i hdBGk zfsY hcJfvD W mcndtm wvDsI. (hc} 2006, mc} 1132bQ) zhwA sp hAdÙÁ zfwCvfv svfpf vfJsh kfv ubA kfv ˆjdlb zfso (9 kfvDsJ)W ˆjde svfpf vfJf ncâk. spsrkc ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, zfïfrv vnCt pJb zfwCvfv svfpf vfJstb ˆhQ njtsj vfJfv zfslw dlstb, kJb stfsjvf htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! ˆ dlbdesj skf ƒqfùl W bfnfvfvf kf'pDm jsv Kfsj.' dkdb htstb, ªkfrst zfmvf zfofmD hYsv 9 kfvDsJW svfpf vfJh ƒbwfzfïfr.« dj§Â zfofmD hYv zfnfv zfsoƒ zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv ƒd§Àjft rsq sot. (mc} 1134, zflf} 2445bQ) ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, `skfmvf 9 W 10 kfvDsJ svfpf vfJ.' (hf} 4/287, zfvf} 7839bQ) i[f§Àsv ªskfmvf ˆv ˆjdlb zfso hf ˆjdlb isv ˆjde svfpf vfJ« -ˆƒ rflDn nrDr bq. (ƒJc} 2095bQ, zfthfbDv eDjf û}) klbcv™i nrDr bq ªskfmvf ˆv ˆjdlb zfso ˆjde ˆhQ ˆjdlb isvW ˆjde svfpf vfJ« -ˆƒ rflDn. (pfmf} 2/76 eDjf û}) htf hfùtA, 9 W 10 kfvDsJƒ svfpf vfJf ncâk. i[f§Àsv sjht 10 kfvDsJ svfpf vfJf mjv™r. (ƒhsb hfp, Iƒ} 2/170) spsrkc kfsk ƒqfùlDslv nflxwA nfLb rq ˆhQ kf mrfbhD -ˆv zfwfv iadkjCt. zhwA sj… sj… hstb, `mjv™r bq. ksh sj… ˆjdlb (sjht zfwCvfv dlb) svfpf vfJst iCBG nWqfshv zdLjfvD rsh bf.' ÎfkhA sp, ùnfƒb -ˆv ˆƒ dlsb wrDl rWqfv nfsK ˆ svfpfv sjfb dbje zKhf lCvkm sjfb n©ijG sbƒ. jfvB, kfv iCshG mrfbhD ; hvQ k]fv iCshG mCnf bhD ˆƒ dlsb svfpf svsJ sosYb. zfv ˆƒ dlsb dwqf n©ialfq sp mfkm W swfj iftb, mcJ W hcj dysv, ofst Kfiv smsv, yct-ufmf dY]sV, disE yfhcj smsv zfk¹iarfv ƒkAfdl jsv Kfsj, kf uObAkm dhlzfk. ncâfrsk ˆ nshv sjfb dHdÙ sbƒ. klbcv™i ˆƒ dlsb dbu idvhfv-idvusbv …iv Jvy hxdÝ jvf, dhswN sjfb bfmfp iVf, lfb-Jqvfk jvf, dhswN jsv wvhk-ifdb lfb jvf, jtI hAhrfv jvf, skt mfJf, ncvmf hAhrfv jvf iaHxdk dhlzfk. ˆ njt dhlzfk rpvk ùnfƒb -ˆv JcbDvfƒ zfdh°jfv jsv sosY. (kfdm} 412ix} û})

5. pctrsÏv iaKm bq dlsbv svfpf pctrÏ mfsnv iaKm bq dlb svfpf vfJf mc²Àfrfh. spsrkc zfïfr zfpXpf zufï


pctrsÏv iaKm lw dlbsj zbAfbA dlsbv …iv swaôk¶ W mpGflf lfb jsvsYb. zfïfrv vnCt hstb. ªˆƒ lwdlsbv msLA jxk sbj zfmstv sysq zfïfrv dbje zdLj iY¦lbDq zfv sjfb zfmt sbƒ.« (nfrfhfoB) htstb, `zfïfrv isK durflW bq dj?' dkdb htstb, ªzfïfrv isK durflW bq. ksh ˆmb sjfb hAdÙÁ (ˆv zfmt) sp dbsuv ufb-mft nr shv rq ˆhQ kfviv djYcW nsÌ dbsq zfv dIsv zfsn bf. (zf} 3/298, hc} 969, zflf} 2438, dk} 757, ƒmf} 1727bQ) zfv svfpf rt ˆjde sbj zfmt. nckvfQ kf iftb jvfW ˆ dlbÈdtsk mc²Àfrfh. (mcm} 6/471) diaq bhD W ˆƒ bq dlsb svfpf iftb jvskb. k]fv ik´D (rpvk rfInfr vf}) hstb, ªbhD pct rsÏv bq dlb, zfwCvfv dlb ˆhQ iaskAj mfsnv dkb dlb; mfsnv iaKm snfmhfv ˆhQ hxr±idkhfv svfpf vfJskb.« (zflf} 2437, nzflf} 2129bQ, bf}) hfƒrfjD Ìfpfsqtct zfWjfk' ˆ hstb, ˆƒ rflDnde rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) ˆv ‰ rflDn zsi[f …Ùm pfsk dkdb hstb, `vnCt sj (pctrsÏv) lw dlsb jJsbf svfpf vfJsk sldJdb.' (mc} 1176, zflf} 2439, dk} 756, ƒmf} 1729bQ) jfvB, ˆ rflDnde OebnCyj ˆhQ kf rpvk zfsqwfv ‰ zOebnCyj rflDn rsk …Ùm. zfv mcrfsÜnDbslv ˆjde bDdk ˆƒ sp, pJb OebnCyj W zOebnCyj lc'de rflDn iv±iv-dhsvfLD rq kJb nmb¶q nfLsbv zbAfbA …ifq bf Kfjst OebnCyj rflDndesj iafLfbA slWqf rq. jfvB sj… pdl djYc Oesk bf slsJ ksh kfv zKG ˆƒ bq sp, kf Oseƒ db. kfƒ sp Oesk slsJsY kfv jKfdesj Oefv iamfBöv™i oarB jvf rq. smfe jKf, pctrÏ mfsnv ˆƒ bq dlsb svfpf vfJf mc²Àfrfh. ƒmfm bWhD hstb, `‰ dlbÈdtsk svfpf vfJf ifjf mc²Àfrfh.' (wvùb bWhD 8/320)

6. wf'hfb mfsnv zdLjfQw dlsbv svfpf zfïfrv vnCt wf'hfb mfsnv zdLjfQw dlbÈdtsk svfpf vfJskb. mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -sj vmpfb YfVf zbA sjfb mfn n©iCBG svfpf vfJsk sldJ db. zfv wf'hfb mfn YfVf zbA sjfb mfsnv zdLjfQw dlbÈdtsk k]fsj svfpf vfJsk sldJ db.' (zf}, hc} 1969, mc} 1156bQ, dk}, ƒmf}) rpvk …nfmfr dhb pfql jkxGj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, `ˆjlf zfdm httfm, sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfibfsj wf'hfb mfsn pk svfpf vfJsk sldJ kk zbA sjfb mfsn skf vfJsk sldJ bf, (ˆv vrnA dj)?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªêf skf snƒ mfn, sp mfn nìsá mfbcN …lfnDb, pf rt vuh W vmpfsbv mfsU. zfv êf skf snƒ mfn; pfsk dhw¶ ufrfsbv iadkiftsjv dbje zfmtnmCr siw jvf rq. kfƒ zfdm iY¦l jdv sp, zfmfv svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq zfmfv zfmt (zfïfrv dbje) siw jvf srfj. (bf}, nkf} 1008bQ, kfdm} 412ix}) mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv dbje svfpf vfJfv ubA iY¦lbDq mfn


169

dYt wf'hfb. dkdb sn mfsnv svfpfsj vmpfsbv nfsK dmdtk jvskb.' (nzflf} 2124bQ) ˆJfsb k]fv wf'hfsbv zdLjfQw dlbÈdtsk svfpf ˆhQ ˆƒ mfsnv svfpfv nfsK vmpfsbv svfpfsj dmdtk jvfv rflDsnv nfsK vmpfsbv 2/1 dlb zfso svfpf vfJsk dbsNLjfvD rflDsnv (hc} 1914, mc} 1082bQ) zKhf kfv jxòis[v dlbÈdtsk svfpf vfJsk dbsNLjfvD rflDsnv (nzflf} 2049, ndk} 590bQ) sjfb nQONG hf iv±iv-dhsvfdLkf sbƒ. sjbbf, …Hq swaBDv rflDsnv mfsU nm¦hq nfLb n©Hh. zfv kf ˆƒHfsh sp, ‰ dlbÈdtsk svfpf vfJf dbdNÝ; pdl zHAfnokHfsh sjfb svfpf bf isV kfrst. i[f§Àsv zHAfnokHfsh ‰ dlbÈdtsk svfpf iVst vfJf ShL. zfv snefƒ dYt mrfbhD -ˆv zfmt. (zfnfƒ} 174ix}) zKGf{, dkdb zHAfnokHfsh ‰ dlbÈdtsk svfpf vfJskb. ˆJdkqfv jsv bq. zbA dlsj ˆƒ mfsnv 15 kfvDsJv svfpf vfJf ˆhQ kfsk ixKj sjfb ShdwóA hf mfrfk¹A zfsY msb jvf dhlzfk; spmb ˆ jKf iCshGW zfstfdyk rsqsY. sjbbf, ˆ hAfifsv hdBGk sjfb rflDn nrDr bq.

7. snfm W hxr±idkhfsvv svfpf iaskAj nåfsrv snfm W hxr±idkhfv svfpf vfJf ncâk W mc²Àfrfh. spsrkc kf dYt mrfbhD -ˆv zfmt. zfv dlb lcdesk dhw¶fdLidk zfïfrv dbje hf¦lfv zfmt siw jvf rq. mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt snfm W hxr±idkhfsv svfpf vfJfsj iafLfbA dlskb.' (zf} 6/80, 89, 106, dk}, bf}, ƒmf} 1739bQ, ƒo} 4/105-106) zfhc ùvfƒvf jkxGj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt hstb, ªsnfm W hxr±idkhfv (mfbcsNv) njt zfmt (zfïfrv lvhfsv) siw jvf rq. kfƒ zfdm êf iY¦l jdv sp, zfmfv svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq zfmfv zfmt (k]fv dbje) siw jvf srfj.« (dk}, nkf} 1027bQ) …ÙÁ zfhc ùvfƒvf rskƒ hdBGk, dkdb hstb zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªiaskAj snfm W hxr±idkhfsv (mfbcsNv) njt zfmt (zfïfrv dbje) siw jvf rq. (ˆhQ shsrsñv äfvnmCr …¦mcÙÁ jvf rq.) zfv (‰ …Hq dlsb) zfïfr zfpXpf zufïX iaskAj snƒ hAdÙÁsj mfuGbf jsv slb sp sjfb djYcsj k]fv zQwD ²¿fib jsv bf. ksh snƒ hAdÙÁsj [mf jsvb bf pfv dbu Hfsqv ndrk dhsäN Kfsj; ˆƒ lcƒ hAdÙÁv ubA (dIdvñfv …sÜswA) dkdb hstb, …Hsqv dmtb bf rWqf ipG§À Wslvsj zhjfw lfW. …Hsqv dmtb bf rWqf ipG§À Wslvsj zhjfw lfW.« (zf} 2/329, mc} 2565 bQ, iamcJ) zfhC jfkflfr hstb, `snfmhfv svfpf vfJfv hAfifsv bhD duÎfdnk rst dkdb htstb, ªêf rt snƒ dlb, spdlsb zfmfv u¦m rsqsY ˆhQ zfmfv …iv nhGiaKm jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY.« zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ª‰ dlsb zfdm (bhDv™si) siadvk


rsqdY.« (zf} 5/297, 299, mc} 1162, zflf} 2425bQ)

8. iaskAj mfsn dkbde svfpf iaskAj (yf¦û) mfsn 3de jsv svfpf vfJf mc²Àfrfh. zfècïfr dhb zfmXv dhb zfn hstb, zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªiaskAj mfsn dkbde svfpf vfJf nfvf hYv svfpf vfJfv nmkctA.« (hc} 1979bQ, mc} 1159 bQ) zfhC pfvG hstb, zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ iaskAj mfsn 3de jsv svfpf vfJsh, kfv nfvf hYv svfpf vfJf rsh. zfïfr zfppf zufïX ˆv nkAfqb zhkDBG jsv hstb, sj… sjfb Hft jfu jvst, sn kfv 10 ÈB iadklfb ifsh. (jc} 6/160) ˆj dlb 10 dlsbv nmfb.« (dk}, ƒmf} 1708bQ, ƒo} 4/102) ƒhsb zfêfn rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªSLspGv (vmpfb) mfsn svfpf zfv iaskAj mfsnv dkbde svfpf z§Àsvv dhsäN W JeXjf lCv jsv slq.« (hfp}, nkf} 1018bQ) i[f§Àsv mrfbhD k]fv ˆjf§À HÙÁ zfhC ùvfƒvf -sj ˆƒ svfpf vfJsk zdnqk (dhswN …islw) jsvsYb. (û} zf} 2/459, hc} 1178, mc} 721, lf}, hf} 4/293 iamcJ) zhwA ˆƒ dkb svfpf iaskAj yf¦û mfsnv ðj½is[v swN dlbÈdtsk; zKGf{, 13, 14 W 15 kfvDsJ rWqf mc²Àfrfh. spsrkc zfhC pfvG hstb, zfïfrv vnCt k]fsj hstsYb, ªsr zfhC pfvG! mfsn 3de svfpf vfJst 13, 14 W 15 kfvDsJ vfJ.« (zf} 5/162, 177, dk}, bf}, hf} 4/294, ƒo} 947bQ) zfïfrv vnCt vfJskb iaskAj mfsnv iaKm snfmhfv, zk}iv kfv isvv hxr±idkhfv, zk}iv kfv ivhkGD hxr±idkhfv. (zf}, zflf}, bf}, kfdm} 415ix} û}) sjfb sjfb hBGbf msk mfsnv ðj½is[v swN dkbdlb svfpf vfJskb. (nzflf} 2140bQ) zfv sjfb sjfb hBGbf msk dkdb sjfb dbdlGó dlsbv sJqft bf jsvƒ sp sjfb dlsb 3de svfpf vfJskb. (mc} 1160, nzflf} 2142bQ)

9. lf†lD svfpf pfv nfmKGA zfsY kfv ubA ˆjdlb svfpf Kfjf W kfv isvv dlb svfpf bf Kfjf; dHâ jKfq ˆjdlb iviv svfpf vfJf mc²Àfrfh. zfècïfr dhb zfmXv dhb zfn jkGxj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªzfïfrv dbje nhGfsi[f iY¦lbDq svfpf rt lf†l -ˆv svfpf. zfv zfïfrv dbje nhGfsi[f iY¦lbDq bfmfp rt lf†l -ˆv bfmfp. dkdb zLG vfdÛ Ocmfskb. zk}iv kxkDq iarsv bfmfp isV icbvfq NôHfso Ocmfskb, zfv dkdb ˆjdlb ifbfrfv jvskb W ivdlb svfpf


171

vfJskb.« (hc}1131, mc} 1159bQ, zflf}, bf}, ƒmf}) iv§Â mrfbhD ƒhsb zfmXvsj hstsYb, ªkcdm ˆjdlb svfpf Kfj ˆhQ ˆjdlb ifbfrfv jv. êfƒ rt lf†l -ˆv svfpf; pf nhGswaô svfpf.« ƒhsb zfmXv htstb, `dj§Â zfdm kfv sKsjW …Ùm (iaskAj dlb svfpf vfJsk) ifdv.' kf ðsb mrfbhD htstb, ª(zfdm pf httfm) kfv yfƒsk …Ùm djYcƒ sbƒ.« (hc} 1976bQ) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, mrfbhD k]fsj htstb, ªlf†l -ˆv svfpfv …iv sjfb svfpf sbƒ. zLG hYv svfpf; ˆjdlb svfpf vfJ ˆhQ kfv isvv dlb ifbfrfv jv.« (‰ 1980bQ) htf hfùtA, ˆ svfpf nfmsKGAv nfsK n©ijG vfsJ. zkˆh wkG rt, spb ˆ svfpf vfJsk dosq öf²¿A ˆmb lchGt bf rsq pfq, pfsk bIt svfpf sKsj …Ùm hf Èv¢k¶iCBG zfmt iftsb Û¢de idvtd[k rq. spmb, zfïfrv zbAfbA rj ˆhQ hf¦lfv pfhkDq zdLjfv zflfsq spb sjfb iajfv Û¢de iajfw bf ifq. bsy{, kf huGb jvfƒ …Ùm. (û} mcm} 6/474, zfnfƒ} 176ix})

10. spZb-iDdVk pchjslv svfpf spZb-iDdVk sp pchj hAdHyfsv dtå rsq iVfv zfwËf jsv zKy HvB-sifNB hrb jvfv nfmKGA bf Kfjfv Ist dhhfr jvsk ifsv bf, sn pchsjv ubA svfpf vfJf dhsLq. ˆ hAfifsv mrfbhD pchjslvsj iKdbslGw jsv hstb, ªsr pchjlt! skfmfslv msLA sp hAdÙÁ (dhhfsrv zKGf{ ²ÃDv HvBsifNB W vdkdÛÁqfv) nfmKGA vfsJ sn spb dhhfr jsv. jfvB, dhhfr y[csj l²Âvmk nQpk jsv ˆhQ tÏf²¿fb drIfpk jsv. zfv sp hAdÙÁ ‰ nfmKGA vfsJ bf sn spb svfpf vfsJ. jfvB, kf spZsbd¦ûq lmbjfvD.« (zf} 1/57, hc} 1905, mc} 1400, zflf} 2046, dk} 1081, bf}, ƒmf} iamcJ, dm} 3080bQ) dkdb JfnD rWqfv jKf zShL sOfNBf jsv hstb, ªzfmfv …©mskv JfnD jvf rt, svfpf vfJf.« (zf} 2/173 iamcJ, dnn} 1830bQ) ianÌk} …sïJA sp, ˆƒ rt snƒ spZb-iDdVk W spZhsbv zdo´lfsr lÊ ˆhQ dhhfsr znmKG pchjslv ubA bhD jvDm -ˆv zhAKG dydj{nf. zfv kf rt svfpf. nckvfQ kfslv ubA Èå zHAfn r²ÀSmKcb hAhrfv jvf ShL bq. bsy{, kfvf kfslv ltHcÙÁ rsq iVsh, pfslv ubA htf rsqdYt, ªskfmvf dj pf …{jxó kfv dhdbmsq dbjxó dudbn oarB jvsk yfW?« (jc} 2/61) zfv spsrkc r²ÀSmKcb zHAfnefƒ snƒ mcdmbslv ÈB bq, pfslv jKf mrfb zfïfr dbu jcvzfsb …sïJ jsvsYb. dkdb hstb,

® t⎦⎪Ï%©! $# uρ öΝèδ öΝÎγ Å_ρ ã à Ï9 tβθ ÝàÏ≈ xm ∩∈∪ ω Î) #’ n? tã öΝÎγ Å_üρ ø— r& ÷ρ r& $ tΒ ôMs3 n=tΒ öΝåκ ß]≈ yϑ÷ƒr& öΝåκ ®ΞÎ* sù ã öxî

š⎥⎫ ÏΒθ è=tΒ ∩∉∪ Ç⎯ yϑsù 4© xötG ö/$# u™!# u‘ uρ y7 Ï9¨sŒ y7Í×≈ s9'ρ é' sù ãΝèδ tβρ ßŠ$ yè ø9$# ∩∠∪ ⟨ zKGf{, pfvf dbsuslv spZbfÌsj nQpk vfsJ. ksh dbsuslv ikD zKhf zdLjfvHcÙÁ lfnDslv s[sÛ zbAKf jvst kfvf db¦lbDq rsh bf. zfv pfvf ˆslv YfVf zbAsj


jfmbf jsv kfvfƒ nDmftQObjfvD.« (jc} 23/5-7) mf zfsqwf (vf}) …ÙÁ zfqfskv kInDsv hstb, `sp hAdÙÁ dbsuv dhhfdrk ²ÃD zKhf ÛÁDklfnD YfVf (spZb[cLf dbhfvsBv ubA) zbA iK zhtìb jvsh snƒ nDmftQObjfvD.' (rf} 2/393, dnn} 4/446)

11. nfLfvB bIt svfpf nfLfvB bIt svfpf; pf sjfb dbdlGó jfvB hf dlsbv nfsK nDmfhÝ bq. ˆmb svfpf dbdNÝ dlb YfVf sp sjfbW dlsb zdbdlGóHfsh vfJf pfsh. mrfbhD hstb, ªwDkjfstv svfpf Efàf obDmk (pcÝusq té n©il).« zbA ˆj hBGbfq dkdb hstb, ªwDkjft mcdmsbv hn§Àjft. kfv vfdÛ tìf rWqfv Ist sn kfrfÏcl isV ˆhQ kfv dlb sYfe rWqfv Ist sn svfpf vfsJ.« (zf} iamcJ, dnn} 1922bQ) htf hfùtA, ˆmb svfpf äDsbv nru-nvt dbqm-bDdkv dHdÙskƒ dhdLhÝ.

bIt svfpf HfÌf ShL sp hAdÙÁ bIt svfpf vfsJ, kfv ubA kf HfÌf hf dlsbv sp sjfb zQsw kf sYsV slWqf ShL. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, ªbIt svfpflfv dbsuv zfmDv. ƒ¤Yf rst sn svfpf Kfjsk ifsv, zfhfv ƒ¤Yf bf rst sn kf HfÌskW ifsv.« (zf} 6/341, dk}, rf} 1/439, hf} 4/276 iamcJ, nrDùt ufsm' 3854bQ) mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, ˆjlf bhD k]fv dbje ˆsn duÎfnf jvstb, ªskfmfslv jfsY (Jfhfv) djYc zfsY dj?« htstb, ùD bf.' mrfbhD kJb htstb, ªkfrst zfusj zfdm svfpf Kfjtfm.« zk}iv zfv ˆjdlb zfmfslvsj rfƒn (sJucv, ibDv W dO ˆjdÛk jsv ia²Âk JflA dhswN) …irfv slWqf rsqdYt. zfdm kfv sKsj djYc zQw k]fv ubA tcdjsq svsJdYtfm. zfv dkdb rfƒn Hfstfhfnskb. zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfu zfmfslvsj rfƒn …irfv slWqf rsqsY. zfv zfdm zfibfv ubA djYcef tcdjsq svsJdY.' dkdb htstb, ªzfmfv jfsY dbsq ˆn. zfdm njft sKsj svfpf zh²¿fq dYtfm.« ˆ jKf hst dkdb kf sJstb ˆhQ htstb, ªbIt svfpflfsvv …lfrvB ‰ stfsjv mk sp dbu mft sKsj (bIt) nfljfr shv jsv. zk}iv sn yfƒst kf lfb jsv, bf yfƒst svsJ sbq.« (zf} 6/49, 207, mc} 1154, zflf} 2455, bf} 2321, ƒmf} 1701, ƒJc} 2141bQ, lfvf}, hf} 4/275) svfpf sHsÌ sItst kf jfpf jvf Wqfsuh bq. zfhC nf„l JclvD hstb, ˆjlf zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv ubA Jfhfv SkvD jvtfm. dkdb k]fv zbAfbA nryv nr zfmfv hfdVsk ˆstb. zk}iv pJb Jfhfv nfmsb vfJf rt, kJb lstv msLA ˆjub htt, `zfmfv svfpf zfsY.' kf ðsb zfïfrv vnCt htstb, ªskfmfslv Hfƒ


173

skfmfslvsj lfWqfk dlsq Jvy (hf jó) jsvsY.« zk}iv dkdb kfv …sÜswA htstb, ªsvfpf sHsÌ lfW. zfv yfƒst kfv dhdbmsq zbA ˆjdlb svfpf vfJ.« (hf} 4/279, k¶fh}, ƒo} 1952bQ)

zólw zLAfq sp dlbÈdtsk svfpf vfJf dbdNÝ

mrfbhD sjfb drjmk W pcdÙÁv Ist mcndtmsj jkjÈdt dlsb svfpf vfJsk dbsNL jsvsYb. snƒ dlbÈdt ivhkGDsk zfstfdyk rt.

1. lcƒ „slv dlb nm²À …tfmf ˆ hAfifsv ˆjmk sp, …Hq „slv dlb svfpf vfJf rfvfm. kfsk sn svfpf Ivp srfj; spmb vmpfsbv jfpf hf bpsvv svfpf, zKhf bIt srfj. spsrkc mrfbhD ‰ dlsb svfpf vfJsk dbsNL jsvsYb. (û} hc} 1990, 1991, 1993, 1995, mc} 827, 1137, 1138, 1140)

2. kfwvDsjv dkb dlb „lct zfprfv ivhkGD 3 dlb svfpf vfJf ShL bq. sjbbf, mrfbhD hstb, ªkfwvDsjv dlbÈstf ifbfrfv W zfïfrv dpjXv jvfv dlb.« (zf} 4/152, 5/75, 76, 224, mc} 1141, 1142, nczf}) sp hAdÙÁv iaskAj snfm W hxr±idkhfv svfpf vfJf zHAfn zfsY ˆhQ kf pdl kfwvDsjv sjfb dlb isV, kfrst kfv ubAW ‰ svfpf vfJf ShL bq. jfvB, ncâk jfu jsv rfvfm-dhLfb tQOb jvf pfsh bf. (zfzfnf„} 23ix}) zhwA sp (zmÄfhfnD) rfuD dmbfq rsÏv rflXƒ (jcvhfbD) dlsk n[m rq bf, kfv ubA ‰ dlbÈdtsk dhdbsmq svfpf vfJf ShL. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

ف م ن ت م ت ع ب ال ع م ر ة إ ل ى ال ح ج ف م ا اس ت ي س ر م ن ال ه د ي ، ف م ن ل م ي ج د ف ص ي ام ث ال ث ة أ ي ام ف ي ال ح ج و س ب ع ة إ ذ ا (( )) ر ج ع ت م ، ت ل ك ع ش ر ة ك ام ل ة

zKGf{, nckvfQ skfmfslv msLA sp hAdÙÁ rsÏv zfso …mvfr jsv rftft rsq tfHhfb rsk (kfmfÙc rÏ jvsk) yfq sn nrutHA jcvhfbD siw jvsh. dj§Â pdl sj… jcvhfbD bf ifq, kfrst kfsj rsÏv nmq 3dlb ˆhQ Osv dIsv 7dlb ˆƒ iCBG 10dlb svfpf iftb jvsk rsh. (jc} 2/196) zfsqwf W ƒhsb …mfv hstb, `sp rfuD rflXƒ dlsk zifvo sn YfVf zfv jfsvf ubA kfwvDsjv dlbÈdtsk svfpf vfJfv zbcmdk sbƒ.' (hc} 1997, 1998bQ)


3. sjht ucmzfv dlb svfpf ucmzfv dlb rt mcndtmslv nfåfdrj „l. kf YfVf ˆ dlb rt dpjXv W ƒhflskv dlb. kfƒ kfsk nfrfpA dbsk ˆ dlsb svfpf bf vfJf mc²Àfrfh. i[f§Àsv pdl sj… ucmzfv zfso ˆjdlb zKhf isv ˆjdlb svfpf vfsJ, zKhf kfv zHAfsnv sjfb svfpf (spmb ðj½is[v swN dlb) isV, zKhf ‰ dlsb zfvfIf hf zfwCvfv svfpf isV, kfrst kfv ubA sndlbjfv svfpf vfJf mjv™r bq. ˆj ucmzfv dlsb ucqfƒdvqfr dhs§À rfsvN svfpf svsJdYstb. mrfbhD k]fv dbje ˆsn htstb, ªkcdm dj okjft svfpf svsJY?« dkdb htstb, ùD bf.' bhD htstb, ªzfofmD jft svfpf vfJfv ƒ¤Yf zfsY dj?« dkdb htstb, ùD bf.' bhD htstb, ªkfrst kcdm svfpf sHsÌ sIt.« (zf}, hc} 1986, zflf} 2422, bf}) zfhC ùvfƒvf jkGxj hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA sj… spb ucmzfv dlb svfpf bf vfsJ. zhwA pdl kfv ˆjdlb zfso zKhf isv ˆjde svfpf vfsJ, kfrst kf vfJsk ifsv.« (zf} 2/495, hc} 1985, mc} 1144, zflf} 2420, dk}, ƒmf} 1773, ƒzfwf} 9240bQ, ƒJc}, hf}) zbA ˆj hBGbfq hstb, ªzbAfbA vfk sYsV ucmzfv vfksj djqfsmv ubA Jfn jsvf bf ˆhQ zbAfbA dlb sYsV ucmzfv dlbsj svfpfv ubA Jfn jsvf bf. zhwA sj… kfv zHAfnok svfpf vfJst dHâ jKf.« (mc} 1144bQ) jfƒn dhb nfjfb hstb, `zfècïfrv djYc nÌD-nfKD ucmzfv dlsb svfpf svsJ zfhC pfvG -ˆv dbje sost dkdb kfslvsj htstb, `skfmfslv …iv jnm vƒt! skfmvf zhwAƒ svfpf sHsÌ sIt. jfvB, ucmzfr rt „slv dlb.' (ƒzfwf} 9244bQ)

4. sjht wdbhfv svfpf vfJf Ivp hf dbdlGó bIt (spmb} zHAfnok ðj½is[v dlb, zfvfIf hf zfwCvfv) svfpf YfVf sjht wdbhfv nfLfvB zdbdlGó bIt svfpf vfJf ShL bq. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, ªskfmvf Ivp YfVf wdbhfv svfpf svsJf bf. skfmfslv sj… pdl ‰ dlb zfÌcsvv tkf hf ofsYv Fft YfVf zbA sjfb Jfhfv bfW ifq, kfrst sn spb kfƒ dydhsq Jfq.« (zf} 4/189, 6/368, nzflf} 2116, dk} 594, nƒmf} 1403, ƒJc} 2164, lf} 1698bQ) k¶DhD hstb, Ìvp' htsk vmpfsbv Ivp svfpf, bpv mfbf svfpf, jfpf svfpf, jfIXIfvfv svfpf ˆhQ ˆjƒ zsKG ncâfsk mczfÄflfr svfpf, spmb} zfvfIf, zfwCvf ˆhQ zHAfnok (ðj½is[v dlsbv) svfpf wfdmt. (kczf} 3/372) zKGf{ ‰nh svfpf zbAfbA ltDstv dHdÙsk wdbhfsv vfJsk dbsNL bq. spsrkc kfvDsJv nfsK dbdlGó ncâk svfpfnmCr sp sjfb dlsbƒ vfJf pfsh. spmb kfv zfso hf isv ˆjdlb svfpf vfJst wdbhfv vfJf ShL. spsrkc mrfbhD ucqfƒdvqfsj htstb, ªkcdm dj zfofmD dlb (zKGf{, wdbhfv) svfpf vfJsh?« zfv kfv


175

mfsbƒ rt, ðÛÁ W wdbhfv svfpf vfJst mjv™r rsh bf. (mcm} 6/466) ˆƒ dlsb svfpf vfJf dbsNL rWqfv iÇyfsk pcdÙÁ W drjmk ˆƒ sp, ƒqfùlDvf ˆƒ dlsbv kf'pDm jvk, ˆƒ dlb …ihfn jvk ˆhQ jfu-jmG sYsV Ycde iftb jvk. nckvfQ sndlb svfpf vfJst kfslv nflxwA iajfw ifq. i[f§Àsv zfso hf isv ˆjdlb dmdtsq zKhf bpv hf jfpf svfpf vfJst sndlb svfpf vfJf mjv™r rsh bf. (Ifvfvf} 79ix}) dj§Â …s©m nftfmfr (vf}) hstb sp, `bhD wdbhfv svfpf vfJskb.' (zf} 6/323, 324, ƒJc} 2167, ƒdr} 941bQ, rf} 1/436, hf} 4/313) hfrAk} ˆƒ rflDnde iChGhdBGk zfmstv dhsvfLD. khcW nfmÓnA nfLsbv ubA htf pfq sp, pJb zShLjfvD W ShLjfvD lcde rflDn iv±iv-dhsvfLD rq, kJb zShLjfvD rflDnsjƒ iafLfbA slWqf rq. klbcv™i mrfbhD -ˆv jKf W zfmt iv±iv-dhsvfLD rst k]fv jKfsjƒ zoafdLjfv slWqf rsh. zkˆh ˆƒ bDdkv dHdÙsk sjht wdbhfv svfpf vfJf mjv™r rsh. (kfdm} 407ix}) zKhf …s©m nftfmfr (vf}) k]fsj sjfb zHAfnok svfpf vfJsk slsJsYb.

5. sjht vdhhfv svfpf vfJf

djYc …tfmf sjht vdhhfv svfpf vfJfsj mjv™r msb jsvsYb. jfvB, vdhhfv rt Jxófbslv „l. spsrkc svfpf vfJfsk ˆj Lvsbv dlsbv kf'pDm iajfw ifq. zfv jfsIvvf kfslv iakDj drnfsh pfv kf'pDm jsv kfv kf'pDm sjfb mcndtsmv ubA ShL bq. i[f§Àsv kfv nfsK kfv isvv dlb ˆjde svfpf vfJst zfv mjv™r Kfsj bf. (mcm} 6/467) spmb ‰ dlsb sjfb bpv, jfpf, zfvfIf hf zfwCvfv svfpf vfJf dbsNL bq.

6. ns¦lsrv dlb svfpf

ns¦lsrv dlb rt 30sw wf'hfb; pJb 29 kfvDsJ zfjfw LCma hf smOf¤Yâ Kfjfv Ist y]fl slJf n©Hh rq bf. i[f§Àsv 29 kfvDsJ zfjfw idv°jfv Kfjst 30 kfvDJ ns¦lsrv dlb Kfsj bf. htf hfùtA, 1tf vmpfb dj bf kf ns¦lr jsv iChGnkjGkfmCtj jfu sHsh ‰ dlb svfpf vfJf rfvfm. ˆ jKfv ltDt rt zf©mfv dhb ƒqfsnv -ˆv …dÙÁ, `sp hAdÙÁ ns¦lsrv dlb svfpf vfJt, sn zfnst zfhct jfsnm -ˆv bfIvmfbD jvt.' (hc} dhbf nbsl 376ix}, zflf} 2334bQ, dk}, bf}, lf}, ƒdr}, lf}, rf} 1/424, hf} 4/208, ƒo} 961bQ) mrfbhD hstb, ªskfmvf vmpfsbv zfso zfso ˆj zKhf lcƒ dlsbv svfpf svsJf bf. zhwA kfv zHAfnok sjfb svfpf rst sn vfJsk ifsv.« (hc} 1914, mc} 1082bQ) zfv spsrkc ns¦lsrv dlb svfpf vfJf mrfb zfïfrv wvDqk-oàDv ˆj iajfv nDmftQOb. jfvB, mrfb zfïfr hstb,

ف م ن ش ه د من ك م الش ( ه ر ف ل ي ص م ه (


zKGf{, skfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb ˆ mfsn svfpf vfsJ. (jc} 2/185) zfv mrfbhD hstb, ªskfmvf y]fl slsJ svfpf vfJ ˆhQ y]fl slsJ „l jv. dj§Â zfjfsw smO Kfjst wf'hfsbv Èbdk 30 iCBG jsv bfW.« (hc} 1900, mc} 1080bQ) sp hAdÙÁ ns¦lsrv nfsK 30sw wf'hfb svfpf vfsJ, zk}iv hcUsk ifsv sp, sndlb nkA nkAƒ 1tf vmpfb dYt, sn hAdÙÁ ˆklXnsÙ¶W ‰ dlbjfv svfpf jfpf jvsh. jfvB, sn zfnst dHdÙrDb svfpf svsJsY. zfv sp hAdÙÁ dHdÙrDb svfpf vfsJ, kfv svfpf psKó bq. sn skf zfnst y]fl bf slsJ, y]fslv zd²Àsk¶v iamfB bf dbsq svfpf svsJsY; pdlW iajxkis[ y]fl smsOv zfVfst dhlAmfb dYt. (dInc} 1/396, kfƒvf} 39ix}) zhwA ‰ ns¦lsrv dlb 30sw wf'hfb pdl sj… kfv zHAfnok svfpf (spmb snfm zKhf hxr±idkhfv hst) vfsJ, kfrst kf lCNBDq bq; spmb sn jKf rflDsnW ±ióHfsh …sïdJk rsqsY.

7. hYsvv nm²À dlb svfpf vfJf

dbdNÝ dlbÈdt YfVf hYsvv nm²À dlbÈdt svfpf vfJf mjv™r zKhf rfvfm. jfvB, mrfbhD hstb, ªsn svfpf vfJt bf, sp nm²À dlbÈdtsk svfpf vfJt.« (hc} 1977, mc} 1159bQ iamcJ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ nm²À dlbÈdtsk svfpf vfsJ, kfv svfpf rq bf ˆhQ sn ifbfrfvW jsv bf.« (zf} 4/24, bf}, ƒmf} 1705, ƒJc} 2150bQ, rf} 1/435, nuf} 6323bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ nm²À dlbÈdt svfpf vfsJ, kfv iadk ufrfâfmsj ˆk nQjDBG jvf rq, idvswsN kf ˆkecjc rsq pfq.« zfv ˆ jKf htfv nfsK nfsK dkdb k]fv rfskv mcsEfsj há jvstb. (zf} 4/414, hf} 4/300, ƒJc} 2154, 2155bQ) ˆJfsb ufrfâfm nQjDBG rWqfv zKG ˆƒ sp, ufrfâfsm kfv hfn²¿fb nQjDBG rsh. spsrkc sn dbsuv ubA jfdEbA iY¦l jsv, jó nsÙ¶W kfsk dbsuv zfk¹fsj …äcÝ jsv, mrfbhD -ˆv zflwG sKsj dhmcJkf iajfw jsv ˆhQ ˆƒ msb jsv sp, sn pf jvsY kf k]fv zflwG sKsj …Ùm! (û} Ihf} 4/193, pfmf} 2/83) i[f§Àsv mrfbhD hstb, ªswfb! zfdm skfmfslv nhfv yfƒsk shwD zfïfrsj Hq jsv Kfdj, skfmfslv nhfv yfƒsk zfmfv kfjWqf shwD. dj§Â zfdm svfpf vfdJ, zfhfv kf kAfoW jdv. vfsk bfmfp idV, zfhfv OcdmsqW Kfdj. dhhfr jsv ²ÃD-dmtbW jdv. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ zfmfv ncâk-dhmcJ rsh, sn zfmfv ltHcÙÁ bq.« (hc} 5063, mc} 1401bQ, iamcJ)

8. nWsm dhnft


177

mfsU ƒIkfvD bf jsv ˆhQ snrvDW bf sJsq ˆjefbf lcƒ zKhf kskfdLj dlb svfpf vfJfsj `nWsm dhnft' htf rq. ˆƒ swaBDv svfpf vfJsk zfïfrv vnCt dbsNL jsvsYb. spsrkc kfsk vsqsY zdkvÓb ˆhQ zfk¹iDVb. mrfbhD hstb, ªskfmvf `nWsm dhnft' sKsj lCsv Kfj.« ˆ jKf dkdb 3 hfv icbvfhxdÙ jvstb. nfrfhfoB htstb, `dj§Â sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb skf dhnft jsv Kfsjb?' dkdb htstb, ªˆ hAfifsv skfmvf zfmfv mk bW. jfvB, zfdm vfdÛ pfib jdv, zfv zfmfv iadkiftj zfmfsj ifbfrfv jdvsq Kfsjb. nckvfQ skfmvf snƒ zfmt jvsk …äcÝ rW, pf jvsk skfmvf n[m.« (hc} 1966, mc} 1103bQ, iamcJ) zhwA ƒIkfvD bf jsv snrvD JfWqf ipG§À `dhnft' jvf yst; pdl kfsk svfpflfsvv sjfb jó bf rq. spsrkc zfhC nf„l JclvD jkGxj hdBGk, mrfbhD hstsYb, ªskfmvf `dhnft' jsvf bf. dj§Â pdl skfmfslv msLA sj… kf jvskƒ yfq, kfrst sn snrvD ipG§À jv¢j.« (hc} 1967bQ)

9. öfmDv hkGmfsb ²ÃDv svfpf vfJf öfmD-²ÃDv uDhb hV mLcv, hV spZbncJmq svfmfÑjv. ²ÃDv kctbfq öfmDƒ ˆ ncJ shwD …isHfo jsv Kfsj. kfƒ mrfbhD mdrtfsj dbsNL jvstb, pfsk öfmD Osv Kfjst kfv dhbf zbcmdksk ²ÃD svfpf bf vfsJ. zfhC ùvfƒvf jkGxj hdBGk, mrfbhD hstb, ªmdrtf spb öfmDv hkGmfsb kfv dhbf zbcmdksk vmpfsbv svfpf YfVf ˆjde dlbW svfpf bf vfsJ.« (zf} 2/245, 316, hc} 5195, mc} 1026, zflf} 2458, dk} 782, ƒmf} 1761, lf} 1671bQ, ƒdr} 954bQ, rf} 4/173 iamcJ) …tfmfoB …ÙÁ dbsNLsj rfvfsmv zsKG hAhrfv jsvb. zfv sn ubAƒ dhbf zbcmdksk ²ÃD bIt svfpf vfJst öfmDv ubA kf bó jsv slWqf ShL msb jsvb. spsrkc êf öfmDv iafiA rj ˆhQ ²ÃDv kvI sKsj kfv zdLjfv rvB. zhwA ˆ zdLjfv sjht bIt svfpfq, vmpfsbv Ivp svfpfv s[sÛ öfmDv sn zdLjfv Kfjsh bf. zfv Ivp svfpf vfJsk ²ÃDW öfmDv zbcmdkv zsi[f jvsh bf. i[f§Àsv öfmD Osv bf Kfjst kfv dhbf zbcmdksk ²ÃD bIt svfpf vfJsk ifsv. svfpf vfJfv iv dlsbv shtfq öfmD Osv dIvst, kfv zdLjfv zfsY, sn ²ÃDv svfpf bó jvsk ifsv. zbcv™iHfsh öfmD znc²¿ zKhf nÌsm z[m rstW ²ÃD kfv dhbf zbcmdksk svfpf vfJsk ifsv. (dInc} 1/397)

10. vuh mfsnv svfpf Jfn vuh mfsn svfpf vfJf mjv™r. jfvB, kf ufsrdtqfskv ˆj iakDj. ufsrtD pcsov stfsjvfƒ ˆ mfsnv kf'pDm jvk. i[f§Àsv ncâfrsk ˆv kf'pDsmv hAfifsv djYc


hdBGk rq db. zfv ˆ mfsnv bfmfp W svfpfv hAfifsv pf djYc hBGbf jvf rsq Kfsj, kfv nhefƒ dmKAf. (mcm} 6/476)

11. wshhvfskv svfpf 15ƒ wf'hfbsj wshhvfk htf Hct. spmb kfv svfpfW dhlzfk. jfvB, ˆ hAfifsv sjfb nrDr rflDn hdBGk rq db. zhwA zHAfnokHfsh mfsnv 3de svfpfv 1de ‰ dlsb rst slfNfhr bq.

zftrfmlc dtïfr. zfvhDsk ˆv dtJf swN rt 1/4/1420dr} kfvDsJ.

zbchfl W nvfndv js©ifu swN rt 9/1/1424dr} kfvDsJ. א،אאK

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