協作資訊尋求系統Collaborative Information Seeking Systems

James Chuang2016.12.28

報告大綱.壹 緒論.貳 協作資訊尋求.參 協作資訊尋求系統.肆 系統議題.伍 結論

緒論

緒論 人們不只一同創造與分析資訊，很多時候

也會一同參與尋求資訊的過程。 (Shah, 2012) 資訊科學領域對資訊行為的研究，歷來主

要是以「個人」為探討與焦點。 ( 謝珍妮， 2010 ）

資訊科技的進步，以科技協助協作。

二、協作資訊尋求

協作之定義 London (1995) 認為協作簡單而言就是互

相促進地一起工作。 Gray(1989) 認為協作是一個問題範圍之中

的一群利害關係人，他們共同進行決策的過程。

Roberts 與 Bradley (1991) 協作是一個分享變化目的的互動過程。

合作與協作 (Austin & Baldwin, 1991; Panitz, 1996)

Cooperation 指透過訂定規則來幫

助人們相互交流，以完成特定目標或開發擁有具體內容成果。

每個人事先建立各自想要獲取的利益，最後達成各自的目標。

Collaboration 在團隊與他人進行關

係上的聯結，彼此尊重差異與分享知識。

強調團隊活動中的權力分配與責任分擔，同時成員間有著共同定義達成的目標。

合作的層次 (Shah, 2014)

Communication

Contribution

Coordination

Cooperation

Collaboration

以資訊密集性任務舉例 (Shah, 2014)

動作模式 定義 ( 資訊任務中 ) 舉例Communication 兩個人之間交換資訊 電子郵件、聊天Contribution 將個人的資訊提供給

其他人線上社群、 Q&A 、Yahoo 知 識+ 、 LineQ

Coordination 在一般的場合下連結不同人的想法 會議、線上視訊會議

Cooperation 所有人遵循互動的規則 維基百科

Collaboration 一同工作並且完成一個有共識的目標 腦力激盪、共同作者

協作資訊尋求Collaborative Information Seeking

Shah, C. (2012). Collaborative information seeking: The art and science of making the whole greater than the sum of all (The Information Retrieval Series) (p. 185). Berlin, Germany: Springer

協作資訊尋求之定義 Foster (2006) 在資訊科學與技術年度評論

(ARIST) 認為協作資訊尋求是研究個人和他人合作資訊的尋求、搜尋，和檢索時，所利用的系統與過程。 協作資訊尋求是一個資訊尋求的過程。由明確的參與者、互動與內在利益所組成，同時包含資訊分享，進而使在小組中的成員對於獲取資訊有一致的共識。

(Karamuftuoglu, 1998; Shah, 2009) 協作資訊尋求是藉由不同小組人員的參與，加上彼此擁有不同的技能與角色，進而在內外部的互動之下獲得共同的利益。

( 吳美美， 2012 ； Shah, 2014)

協作資訊尋求的相關領域

協作資訊尋求之重要因素

時間與空間

(Golovchinsky, Pickens, & Back, 2009; Hansen & Järvelin, 2005; Twidale & Nichols, 1996)

協作資訊檢索（ Collaborative Information Retrieval ）

控制、溝通與察覺溝通

Communication

控制Control

察覺Awarenees

察覺 Awarenees四種與協作資訊尋求有關的察覺型態：團體察覺工作場域察覺情境察覺次要察覺(Liechti and Sumi, 2002; Shah and Marchionini, 2010 ）

三、協作資訊尋求系統

早期的協作系統─ Ariadne

（ Twidale, Nichols, Smith, & Trevor, 1995 ）

協作資訊尋求系統 系統中介 (System-mediated) 或演算法

中介 (Algorithmically-mediated) 使用者中介 (User-mediated) 或介面中

介 (Interface-mediated)(Pickens, Golovchinsky, Shah, Qvarfordt and Back, 2008)

以介面中介為主協作資訊尋求系統

SearchTogether

(Morris and Horvitz, 2007 ）

SearchTogether (cont'd )

(Morris and Horvitz, 2007 ）

CoSense

(Amershi and Morris, 2008 ）

CoSense (cont'd )

(Amershi and Morris, 2008 ）

以系統中介為主協作資訊尋求系統

Cerchiamo FX Palo Alto 實驗室

（ Golovchinsky, Adcock, Pickens, Qvarfordt, & Back, 2008 ）

Cerchiamo (cont'd ) 相關度變數與新鮮度變數

（ Golovchinsky, Adcock, Pickens, Qvarfordt, & Back, 2008 ）

Cerchiamo (cont'd )𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 (𝑡 )= ∑

𝐿𝑘∈ {𝐿 }𝑤𝑟 (Ｌ𝑘 )𝑤 𝑓 (Ｌ𝑘 )𝑟𝑙𝑓 (𝑡 ,𝐿𝑘 )

Prospector

Miner

與先前系統之差異

PERCIRS PERsonalized and Collaborative Information Retrieval System

Naderi, H., & Rumpler, B. (2010). PERCIRS: a system to combine personalized and collaborative information retrieval. Journal of Documentation, 66(4), 532-562.

PERCIRS (cont'd )

PERCIRS (cont'd ) User community User profile similarity calculation

(UPSC)

PERCIRS (cont'd ) Document similarity

PERCIRS (cont'd ) Equality-based UPSC

Similarity-based UPSC

PERCIRS (cont'd ) Graph-based UPSC

G =(V = (X,Y), E) Matching Cardinality  Bipartite Graph

http://www.csie.ntnu.edu.tw/~u91029/Matching.html

PERCIRS (cont'd ) Maximum weighted bipartite

http://www.csie.ntnu.edu.tw/~u91029/Matching.html

四、系統議題

“協作資訊尋求系統的開發與設計目前主要都聚焦在二個方面：溝通與協調

操作上的成本問題學習成本適應成本認知負荷（ Cognitive load ）

五、建議與結論

建議與結論了解協作者的實際需求保持系統的易用性嘗試符合使用者原有的使用習慣提供正確的工具允許隱私作業

Thanks!Any questions?

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