4.3. El descubrimiento del SUBconsciente: el surrealismo en Europa y América Latina.

4.3. Comprender la importancia del descubrimiento del subconsciente y su expresión en el surrealismo en Europa

y América Latina.

SUBCONSCIENTE Y TEORIA FREUDIANA

SURREALISMO

• 1917 – APOLLINAIRE– MOVIMIENTO LITERARIO– ANDRE BRETON

• 1925 – GALERIA PIERRE– MOVIMIENTO PICTORICO– ARP, ENST, RAY, KLEE, DE CHIRICO,

MIRO, PICASSO, DALI, MAGRITTE

DEFINICION DE BRETON

• PURO AUTOMATISMO PSIQUICO POR EL CUAL SE INTENTAEXPRESAR VERBALMENTE O POR ESCRITO O DE CUALQUIER OTRA MANERA, EL FUNCIONAMIENTO REAL DEL PENSAMIENTO EN AUSENCIA DE CUALQUIER CONTROL EJERCIDO POR LA RAZON AL MARGEN DE TODA PREOCUPACION ESTETICA O MORAL

• INCONSCIENCIA

• IRRACIONALIDAD

• BUSQUEDA

• INVESTIGACION INDIVIDUAL

“…CADA SEGUNDO HAY UNA FRASE EXTRAÑA A NUESTRO PENSAMIENTO

CONSCIENTE QUE ESTA PIDIENDO EXTERIORIZARSE”

• FREUD Y EL SUBCONCIENTE : ESCRITURA LIBRE

• COMPROMISO POLITICO DE OPOSICION

• EXCENTRICISMO

• EXPERIMENTACION

PRECURSORES• HIERONIMUS BOSCH (1450? – 1516)

FANTASIA• WILLIAM BLAKE (1757 – 1827)

VISIONES• FRANCISCO JOSE DE GOYA Y

LUCIENTES – (1746 – 1828) PESADILLAS• HENRI ROUSSEAU (1844 – 1910)

RUPTURA DEL MANEJO DEL ESPACIO• MARC CHAGALL (1887 – 1985)

RENUNCIA A LA COMPOSICION• GIORGIO DE CHIRICO (1888 – 1978)

PINTURA METAFISICA

Hieronymous (van Aken) Bosch(1450-1516

• Hieronymus Bosch is known for his enigmatic panels illustrating complex religious subjects with fantastic, often demonic imagery

• References to astrology, folklore, witchcraft, and alchemy, in addition to the theme of the Antichrist and episodes from the lives of exemplary saints, are all woven together by Bosch into a labyrinth of late medieval Christian iconography.

(c. 1450-1516)

Bosch, HieronymousGarden of Earthly DelightsOuter wings, "Creation of the World"c. 1504Triptych, plus shuttersOil on panelCentral panel, 220 x 195 cm; Wings, 220 x 97 cmMuseo del Prado, Madrid

Bosch, HieronymousGarden of Earthly DelightsLeft wing, "Paradise"c. 1504Triptych, plus shuttersOil on panelCentral panel, 220 x 195 cm; Wings, 220 x 97 cmMuseo del Prado, Madrid

Garden of Earthly Delights (center panel) 1504 Triptych, plus shutters Oil on panelCentral panel, 220 x 195 cm; Wings, 220 x 97 cm Museo del Prado, Madrid

Garden of Earthly DelightsRight wing, "Hell"c. 1504Triptych, plus shuttersOil on panelCentral panel, 220 x 195 cm; Wings, 220 x 97 cmMuseo del Prado, Madrid

Bosch, HieronymousGarden of Earthly DelightsDetail of bird-headed monster (right wing)c. 1504Triptych, plus shuttersOil on panelCentral panel, 220 x 195 cm; Wings, 220 x 97 cmMuseo del Prado, Madrid

The Man-Tree,

pen and bistre,

Albertina at Vienna.

Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes(1746-1828) innovative Spanish painter and etcher; one of the triumvirate—including El Greco and Diego Velázquez—of great Spanish masters.

Atropos also called The Fates Las Parcas1820-23 Oil on gesso transferred to linen123 cm x 266 cmMuseo del Prado Madrid Spain

Goat also called Witches Sabbath1820-23 Oil on gesso Prado Museum, Madrid140 cm x 438 cm

Fight with Cudgelsalso calledDuel with Cudgels1820 – 1823

Oil on plaster123 cm x 266 cmPrado Museum, Madrid

Asmodea1820-23 Oil on gesso48 1/2 inches by 104 1/2 inchesPrado Museum, Madrid

SATURNOSaturno devorando a su hijo

1820 – 1823

Oil on plaster146 cm x 83 cmMuseo del Prado,

Madrid, Spain

RUBENS

SATURNO

OLEO SOBRE LINO

1686

MESEO DEL PRADO

MADRID, ESPAÑA

WILLIAM BLAKE

1757 – 1827

INGLATERRA

Blake, William (1757-1827), English poet, painter, and

engraver, who created a unique

form of illustrated verse;His unique style was imaginative and visionary and was a radical

departure from the type of art generally produced in

the late 18th century. .

Blake, WilliamThe Ancient of Days1794Relief etching with watercolor23.3 x 16.8 cm (9 1/8 x 6 7/8 in.)British Museum, London

• NEWTON

NEWTON

William Blake, Pietà, 1795 , Tate Gallery

Blake, WilliamThe Body of Abel Found by Adam and Evec. 1825Watercolor on wood32 x 43 cm (12 3/4 x 17 in.)

HENRI ROUSSEAU“EL ADUANERO”

1844 – 1910

1885 DESPUES DE SU JUBILACION

Rousseau, Henri The Sleeping Gypsy 1897 Oil on canvas51" x 6'7" (129.5 x 200.7 cm) The Museum of Modern Art, New York

LA REALIDAD SE VE SUPERADA POR LA MAGIA Y EL MISTERIO QUE INFUNDEN LOS TONOS MATIZADOS Y LOS ESPACIOS CONFUSOS

Rousseau, HenriWoman Walking in an Exotic Forest (Femme se promenant dans une foret exotique)1905Oil on canvas39 3/8 x 31 3/4 in. (99.9 x 80.7 cm)The Barnes Foundation, Merion, Pennsylvania

Henri Rousseau THe Dream 1910 Oil on canvas 6' 8 1/2" x 9' 9 1/2"The Museum of Modern Art, New York

Marc Chagall (1887-1985)

Russian-born French painter.

Born to a humble Jewish family in the ghetto of a large town in White Russia, Chagall passed a childhood steeped in

Hasidic culture.

Very early in life he was encouraged by his mother to follow his vocation and she managed to get him into a St

Petersburg art school.

Returning to Vitebsk, he became engaged to Bella Rosenfeld (whom he married twelve years later), then, in 1910, set off

for Paris, 'the Mecca of art'.

LA MUJER Y LAS ROSAS 1929

RECUERDOS, DELIRIO, INGENUIDAD, ROMANTICISMO

GIORGIO DE CHIRICO1888 – 1978

Nació en GreciaEstudió en Atenas, Munich,

Florencia, Turín y ParísFUNDADOR DE LA PINTURA

METAFISICA

"The case of Giorgio de Chirico is one of the most curious in art history. An Italian, born in 1888 and raised partly in Greece - where his father, an engineer, planned and built railroads - he led a productive life, almost Picassoan in length; he died in 1978.

He had studied in Munich, and in his early twenties, under the spell of the Symbolist painter Arnold Böcklin, he began to produce a series of strange, oneiric cityscapes. When they were seen in Paris after 1911, they were ecstatically hailed by painters and poets from Picasso to Paul Éluard; before long de Chirico became one of the heroes of Surrealism.

ANDROMACA

Giorgio de Chirico (Italian, born in Greece, (1888–1978)

The Uncertainty of the Poet (1913)

Ariadne, Giorgio de Chirico (Italian, born in Greece, (1888–1978) 1913 Oil and graphite on canvas;135.6 x 180.3 cm , MET

CANCION DE AMOR

ANDRE BRETON

(1896-1966)• French poet and critic

•studied medicine and worked in psychiatric wards in World War I.

•as a writer in Paris, he was a pioneer in the antirationalist movements in art and literature

known as Dadaism and surrealism, which developed out of the general disillusionment

with tradition that marked the post-World War I era.

• Frida Kahlo had three exhibitions during her lifetime. The exhibitions in New York City in 1938 and in Paris in 1939 were organized through her contact with the French surrealist poet and essayist André Breton.

• (1907-1954), Mexican painter, who produced mostly small, highly personal self-portraits using elements of fantasy and a style inspired by native popular art.

REVUELTA Y POESIA

• ESPANTAPAJAROS CONTRA LA RAZON

• DESCREDITO DE LA CIVILIZACION OCCIDENTAL

• GUSTO POR UNA BUENA BROMA– HOMO LUDENS

• MOVIMIENTO ANTI-ARTE • SORPRESA, POLEMICA, ESCANDALO,

EXPERIMENTACION, AGRESION, VIOLENCIA, INSULTO, HUMOR

TENDENCIAS SURREALISTAS

• FIGURATIVAS– SALVADOR DALI– OSCAR DOMINGUEZ– RENE MAGRITTE

• ABSTRACTA– JOAN MIRO– MARX ERNST

MARX ERNST

(1891-1976)Alemania,Alemania,

Max Ernst

The Hat Makes the Man.

1920.

Gouache,

pencil, ink,

and

cut-and-pasted collotypes,

(35.6 x 45.7 cm).

MOMA

"seed-covered stacked-up man seedless waterformer (‘edelformer') well-fitting nervous system also tightly fitted nerves! (the hat makes the man) (style is the tailor),"

MARX ERNST (Alemania, 1891-1976)

The Kiss (Le Baiser), 1927. Oil on canvas, 129 x 161.2 cm. Peggy Guggenheim Collection.

Napoleon in the Wilderness. (1941)

Oil on canvas,

(46.3 x 38.1 cm)The Museum of Modern Art, New York.

19441944 El ojo del silencio Oleo sobre tela. 108 x 141 cm. El ojo del silencio Oleo sobre tela. 108 x 141 cm.Museo: Washington University Art Gallery. Saint LouisMuseo: Washington University Art Gallery. Saint Louis

MAN RAY1890 – 1976AMERICANO

PINTOR Y FOTOGRAFODE VANGUARDIA

Trabajos cinéticos, rayografías, etc.

MAN RAY (1890-1977)•

Brooklyn, NY . Emmanuel Radinski changed his name at the age of 15 to get away from persecution because of his obvious Russian-Jewish heritage.

• His artistic training : evening classes in N. Y. • 1915 - met Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968)

and Francis Picabia (1879-1959) and soon became involved in the thriving Dada movement.

• His most remembered Dada object is "Gift".

OSCAR DOMINGUEZ(1904 – 1957)

MAQUINA DE COSER ELECTRO-SEXUAL

1935

Oscar Domínguez 1935

Madera pintada, hierro y papel

41x33x12 cm.

Firmada y fechada en el dorso

SURREALISMO EUROPEO

SURREALISMO LATINOAMERICANO