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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) • Stimulates release of dopamine • Euphoric effect • Stimulates appetite • Reduces nausea • Decreases pain & inflammation
Cannabidiol (CBD) • Non-intoxicating effects • Decreases pain & inflammation • Could have other medical benefits • Said to have “canceling effects” to THC
100+ Cannabinoids
National Institute on Drug Use & Health
SHORT TERM USE • Impaired short-term
memory • Impaired motor
coordination and sensory perceptions
• Altered judgment • Paranoia • Psychosis
LONG TERM USE • Addiction • Altered brain
development • Cognitive impairment • Diminished life
satisfaction • Symptoms of chronic
bronchitis • Increased risk of chronic
psychosis disorders
n engl j med 370;23 nejm.org june 5, 2014
n engl j med 370;23 nejm.org june 5, 2014
http://www.ohd.hr.state.or.us/cdpe/
Wagner, F.A. & Anthony, J.C. From first drug use to drug dependence; developmental periods of risk for
dependence upon cannabis, cocaine, and alcohol. Neuropsychopharmacology 26, 479-488 (2002).
Wagner, F.A. & Anthony, J.C. From first drug use to drug dependence; developmental periods of risk for
dependence upon cannabis, cocaine, and alcohol. Neuropsychopharmacology 26, 479-488 (2002).
Most people who use marijuana do not go on to use “harder drugs”
Of those who do use harder drugs, most used
tobacco, alcohol and marijuana first.
Marijuana increases risk factors that make youth vulnerable to addiction.
Wagner, F.A. & Anthony, J.C. From first drug use to drug dependence; developmental periods of risk for
dependence upon cannabis, cocaine, and alcohol. Neuropsychopharmacology 26, 479-488 (2002).
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Alcohol Marijuana SyntheticMarijuana
Cigarettes PrescriptionDrugs
8th
11th
30 Day Use: 8th & 11th
2014 Student Wellness Survey
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Alcohol Marijuana SyntheticMarijuana
Cigarettes PrescriptionDrugs
6th
8th
11th
Availability: 6th 8th & 11th
2014 Student Wellness Survey
Percent of students that said it would be “sort of easy” or “very easy” to get…
9%
20%
34%
35%
13%
10%
13%
9%
29%
Sources of marijuana for 11th grade youth who report using
Public event
Party
Friend 18+
Friend <18
Family
MM cardholder/grower
Shoulder tapping
Grew it
Other
Where Youth Access
2014 Student Wellness Survey
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Smoke cigarettes Drink alcohol Use marijuana Use prescriptiondrugs w/o orders
6th
8th
11th
Disapproval: 6th 8th & 11th
2014 Student Wellness Survey
Percent of students that “somewhat disapprove” or “strongly disapprove” for
someone their age to use…
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Smoke cigarettes Drink alcohol Use marijuana Use prescriptiondrugs w/o orders
6th
8th
11th
Perceived harm: 6th 8th & 11th
2014 Student Wellness Survey
Percent of students that think there is “moderate risk” or “great risk” of
harming themselves if they…
Nationally, kids’ perception of MJ’s risk is declining.
(Source: http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/high-school-youth-trends)
• House Bill 3460: legalized sale of medical marijuana through Medical Marijuana Dispensaries (MMD)
• Senate Bill 1531: allows governing bodies of cities and counties to adopt ordinances that impose reasonable regulations on operation of medical marijuana facilities – May 2014: Temporary ban enacted
• MMDs:
– 24 approved, 1 provisional, 5 new
– 31 rejected
• Lane County Cardholders: 6,275
• Cities/Counties that passed 1 year moratorium:
– Cities in Lane County: 6
– Oregon cities: 146
– Oregon counties: 26
How do we prevent youth use, given the changing landscape?
1. Minimize access, availability, and use by youth;
2. Minimize drugged driving;
3. Minimize dependence and addiction;
4. Minimize consumption of marijuana products with unwanted contaminants and uncertain potency, and
5. Minimize concurrent use of marijuana and alcohol, particularly in public settings.
Framing Health Matters | Peer Reviewed | Pacula et al. American Journal of Public Health | June 2014, Vol 104, No. 6
1. Keep prices artificially high – Taxes – Fees (ex: City of Springfield)
2. Create a strong licensing system – Types of businesses that can sell – Location of retailers – Density – Hours of sale/minor restrictions – Credentialing/training for employees
3. Limit types of products sold – Products targeted at youth (ex: edibles) – Labeling requirements
Framing Health Matters | Peer Reviewed | Pacula et al. American Journal of Public Health | June 2014, Vol 104, No. 6
4. Attempt to Limit Marketing/Advertising
– Promotion & sponsorship
– Types & size of advertising
5. Restrict Public Consumption
– Secondhand exposure to smoked marijuana
– Perception of “normative behavior” by youth
6. Measure and Prevent Impaired Driving
– Difficulties in measuring impairment (blood/urine needed)
Framing Health Matters | Peer Reviewed | Pacula et al. American Journal of Public Health | June 2014, Vol 104, No. 6