Ch. 6The Industrial Revolution

Ch. 6.1 Key Questions

•What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?•What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?

What Helped the Industrial Revolution to Take Place In US?

• Tons of natural resources•Government helped business•Cities were growing • Immigrants provided cheap labor•Growing population provided markets for manufactured goods•Oil boom•Bessemer Process-cheap way to make steel•Various inventions•Railroads

1. Lots of Natural Resources-Why is it important for Industrial Revolution to take place?• Coal• Copper• Lead• Molybdenum• Phosphates• Rare earth elements• Uranium• Petroleum• Natural gas• Bauxite

• Gold• Iron•Mercury• Nickel• Potash• Silver• Tungsten• Zinc• Timber• Arable land

Coal Mine

Iron Mine

Oil Well

2. Government Helped BusinessLaissez-Faire

Why is it important for Industrial Revolution to Take Place?

Government Sent National Guard in to End Strikes

3. Cities Were Growing-Why Important?

4. Growing Population Provided Markets For Manufactured Goods-Why Important?

Why Did Cities Grow So Fast?• Immigrants•Farmers moved to the city•African-Americans moved to the cities after the Civil War•Cities offered more jobs and opportunities•Cities offered more entertainment/culture

5. Immigrants Provided Cheap Labor

6. Oil Boom-Why Important?

7. Bessemer ProcessCheaper Way to Make Steel

•Henry Bessemer

8. Various Inventions-Why Important?• Electricity-light bulb-Thomas Alva Edison• Typewriter-Christopher Sholes• Telephone-Alexander Graham Bell

9. Railroads-Why Important?

Transcontinental RR’s

Ch. 6.2 Key Questions• -What impact did railroads have on the US?

-Why were many people upset with the railroads?

-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?

•Already discussed all of this information in Chapter 5 or Ch. 6.1

Ch. 6.3 Key Questions•What are monopolies and why are they bad for consumers?• Describe Andrew Carnegie life.• Describe John D. Rockefeller’s life.• Describe Cornelius Vanderbilt’s life.• Describe J.P. Morgan’s life.• Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal

integration, trusts).• How did the government try to regulate business?•What are labor unions and what is their purpose?•Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain.

Why are monopolies bad for consumers and small business’?

•Can lead to higher prices due to lack of completion•Can lead to poorer products due to lack of competition•Less choice for the consumer•Can drive smaller businesses out of business leading to unemployment

What are monopolies?• Book Definition:• The exclusive possession or control

of the supply or trade in a commodity or service• Student Friendly Definition• When a company in a specific field

tries to get rid of all their competition and control as close to 100% of the industry as possible

Watch “The Men Who Built America”

Captains of Industry or Robber Barons?

Andrew Carnegie(1835-1919) and Carnegie Steel

John D. Rockefeller(1839-1937) and Standard Oil

Sherman Anti-Trust Act-1890•Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states

•What is a “trust”?

• If Rockefeller were alive today, his estimated wealth would be $660 billion in today’s money•This is 6-7 times that of Warren Buffet(72.7 b) and Bill Gates($79.2 b), currently the two richest men in the world

Cornelius Vanderbilt(1794-1877)•Made a fortune in shipping •Retired from the shipping business

at age 64• Then created a railroad empire •Was richest person in the US when

he died in 1877 •Would be second richest person in

US History-would be worth $200 billion •Designed Grand Central Station(NYC)

Grand Central Station in New York City 1880’s

Famous Relatives

John Pierpont(JP) Morgan(1837-1913)

•One of the most powerful bankers of his era• Financed railroads and helped

organize U.S. Steel, General Electric and other major corporations• In 1895, their firm was reorganized

as J.P. Morgan & Company• Today his firm is known as JPMorgan

Chase

Rich Uncle Pennybags aka Mr. Monopoly(1999)

Otto Hermann Kahn

What are labor unions and why are they important for workers?

• It is a union of laborers in a specific industry banding together to get better wages and conditions•Power in numbers• Labor unions were/are

important because it gives a voice for workers and gets better wages and conditions for workers

Knights of Labor• Started in 1869•Most famous leader of the Knights

of Labor was Terrence Powderly•Allowed all workers of an industry

to join

American Federation of Labor•Started in 1886 and still around today(AFL-CIO)•Led by Samuel Gompers•Broken into “craft unions”

Why did labor unions do to get better wages and conditions?

• Strikes-picketing• Sit-ins• Violence

Why did labor unions struggle to win strike in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s?•All power was in the hands of the owner•Would simply fire workers and hire immigrants who needed work• Immigrants had it better in US factories that in Europe

•Would hire strikebreakers to take the place of workers•Would impose lockouts•Would blacklist workers•Workers were called communists or socialists• Everyone was against the labor unions/workers at first• Owners, police, newspapers, government

State Militia Sent in to Break up Homestead Strike-1892

Lockout-Fence Built During the Homestead Strike

Labor Day•Was established as a Federal Holiday by President Grover

Cleveland in 1894 after some workers died at the hands of the US Army during the Pullman Strike of 1894•Cleveland and Congress passed it unanimously to appease

labor unions