byAbdoul-Aziz GANSONRE

INTRODUCTION TO THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN

BURKINA FASO

CONTENT

• INTRODUCTION

• WHERE IS BURKINA FASO?

• BASIC INFORMATION

• GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

• PUBLIC CONSTRUCTIONS

• PRIVATE CONSTRUCTIONS

• THE ROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN BURKINA FASO

• INFRASTRUCTURES

• GENERAL CONSTRAINTS

• CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

• Burkina Faso is a developing country where the majority of the population lives below the poverty. It is a landlocked country which makes it highly dependent on its neighbors for transit and trade.

• The construction industry is very active because the country is trying to find its way out from under-development. Plenty of Infrastructures such as roads, dams, barrages and buildings either commercial or residential have to be built.

• With a growth of over 7.5% per year since 2001, the Construction & Civil Engineering sector is expanding in Burkina Faso.

WHERE IS BURKINA FASO?

• IN WEST-AFRICA• Don’t have access to the sea because surrounded by 6 countries.

BASIC INFORMATION• Population: 16,241,811 people

• Capital city: Ouagadougou

• Area: 274,000km²

• Cities: 45

• Main language: French

• Independence day: Aug. 5th, 1960

• Currency: 1NTD = 16 XCfa

• Economy: based on agriculture,

livestock, gold and cotton

exportations.

GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY

OVERVIEW

• The major public work projects are mainly focused on the road infrastructures required in order to open up the country and to contribute to its economic development.

• The projects also concern the construction/rehabilitation of dams and the reinforcement of water supply infrastructures.

• Burkina Faso annually invests over EUR 150 million in the Construction & Civil Engineering field.

BUDGET

The budget is first well defined by the all the contractors and owners involved in the project.

• Project owner

• Delegated contracting owner

• Project Manager

• Builder: he is the responsible for the work on the field including the equipment and all the materials needed for the project

ORGANISATION

PROJECT OWNER

• He is in the owner of the whole project. In Burkina Faso, it can be an individual, an entity or a group of investors. • The project owner or contracting owner

“Maître d’Ouvrage” (in French) is in charge of the management of construction investment and the conduct of operations.

DELEGATED CONTRACTING OWNER

• He is not always present in all construction projects, but he can be specially chosen by the Project owner to direct operations, including the management of the budget.

• In general, he has a great knowledge and experience in the construction system. He is under the order of the Project owner and is asked to respect the deadlines for the work.

• In Burkina Faso, he is called “maître d'ouvrage délégué”

PROJECT MANAGER

• He is often an architect or an engineer in charge of the design, creation and implementation of a proposed construction or development of space .

• He can also be called Site foreman, supervisor of works, subcontractor.

• In the local terms, he is called “Maître d’oeuvre”

3. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION METHODS

Artisanal constructionIndustrial construction

In Burkina, the most used is Artisanal construction methods. This has many challenges:

• Unskilled main power

• Unsophisticated building materials

• Archaic techniques

The economic pattern of the Construction & Civil Engineering sector consists of a few local companies or subsidiaries of international groups able to meet the requirements of the public and private procurement offers and of several small structures.

The local companies able to execute works on the main sites are primarily the following:

• general construction: Boutros, BTM, COGEB, Fadoul-Technibois and Kanazoe, SABATP, ATP.

• construction of roads : COGEC, EIEF, Fadoul-Technibois, EBOMAF

• construction of buildings: Sol Confort & Décor, Echa, Ecobaa, Lafchal, Sosaf..

MAIN CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES IN BURKINA FASO

EXECUTION AGENCIES

• Execution agencies are structures which make expertise in technical and design, usually under the supervision of an engineer.

• Execution agencies have a role in assisting, advising and controlling public and private construction works. They can also act as delegated contracting owners.

• In Burkina Faso, many execution agencies have the international standards and work on all the construction project all over the country. The most important are:

APAV, VERITAS, AGEIM, ACE.

FOREIGN ENTERPRISES

• French companies are largely represented by Sogea Satom (Vinci), Colas, (Bouygues) and Sade (Véolia Environnement).

• A senegale company CSE

PUBLIC CONSTRUCTIONS

1. PRESENTATION• The public constructions in Burkina Faso are mainly funded by

the government, the non-governmental organizations, foreign aids and privates funds of particulars.

• The public constructions are mainly composed of :Roads Sanitary and working buildings DamsMining infrastructures The realization of a new international Airport before 2025.

2. STEPS

After determining the Project owner (P.O), the Delegated contracting owner (DCO), the project manager (PM)is chosen by consultations or by a contest.

The PM, the engineers and architects presents to the P.O and DCO the plans, design and estimations:

• The Basic Preliminary Design: plan, design, conception

• The Detailed Preliminary Design: it is the task where the engineer can completely describe a product through solid modeling and drawings.

The PM launches the consultation record for construction enterprises and tender documents.

The Tender documents has 3 main kinds: limited consultations: a few construction enterprises will

be consulted and the choice will be made among them. open tender: in the newspapers, magazines, daily revews

and on TV. OTC: the construction enterprises is directly chosen by

contractors without any tender.

SELECTION PROCEDURE

The choice of construction enterprises is made by the PM. The purchase orders for the award of a public contract ranges from 2,000 to 10,000 USD.

Quality-Cost: the choice is made for a construction of High quality no matter the price. In this case, the budget is undeterminate.

Lowest bidder: Best quality among the proposals of low budget. Here, the budget is tight.

Best cost value: the PM chooses the firm with the best ratio between quality and cost, technical score price or price + time(ft), and other variations

PRIVATE CONSTRUCTIONS

For private constructions the procedure is almost the same as Public construction, but

there are some differences.

DIFFERENCES

The sector of private constructions is more focused on residential buildings and apartments.

The project owner is often also the project manager. He conducts by himself the work. But there is always a builder.

The project owner does not launch a tender document. He chooses by himself an architect or engineer that he knows, buys the necessary equipment and hire the workers.

DIFFERENCES

The owner makes his plans by himself or ask to the architect or engineer to do so.

For the selection of enterprises, the owner often chooses the lowest bidder, as the budget is often limited.

THE ROLE OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN BURKINA FASO

• Construction sector is dominated by dualistic private sector of local and foreign-owned enterprises and formal and informal enterprises.

• The informal and small-scale enterprises ( bricklaying, plumbing, painting) play an important role.

• 500 official artisan contractors and construction enterprises are registered but only 20 enterprises have a solid and serious reputation.

• Buildings construction make use of formal plans generally prepared by the architect or civil engineer.

• There 25 independent architectural firms and about 250 qualified civil engineers.

The largest locally owned construction firm called “KANAZOE” undertakes 25% of public works projects such as roads.

The market type in the building sector is:

• Rural traditional housing

• Improved housing

• Villa housing

• Office/commercial/apartment space

• Rural office building

The average contribution of the construction industry to the GDP is about 12.7%

INFRASTRUCTURES

ACHIEVEMENTS CHALLENGES

AIR TRANSPORT

Aircraft fleet renewed rapidly in recent years and aircraft size aligned to a hub-and-spoke approach.

Market thin and underdeveloped.

Very concentrated market with very little competition.

Safety and security remain concerns.

Airport facilities are in disarray.

ICT

Adoption of ICT promotion policy and sectoral

strategy. Liberalization and

deregulation of the sector. Increased GSM signal

coverage. Low level of market power

concentration

Prices remain high. Promote competition at the

international gateways to SAT-

3/WASC

ACHIEVEMENTS CHALLENGES

POWER

Inception of new electricity law encouraging private

sector participation. Promotion of increased

power trade and interconnection to WAPP.

Limited electrification. Supply of power

insufficient to satisfy demand.

Costs are among the highest in Africa.

RAILWAYS

Good labor productivity, solid traffic volumes, and

relatively competitive average tariffs.

Recovery of traffic after Côte d’Ivoire crisis.

SITARAIL is on track to achieve its highest- ever

traffic volume

Financial distress of SITARAIL.

Rebalancing financial structure of the railway concession.

Finding alternative funding for rehabilitation backlog.

ACHIEVEMENTS CHALLENGES

ROADS

Good international connectivity.

Adequate design of road network, given the level of

traffic.

Ability to provision for road maintenance.

Limited access from rural farms to markets.

High transport and transit costs due to poor logistics.

Ability to enforce control of axel loads particularly across

borders.

WATER AND SANITATION

Progress in providing access to improved water

and sanitation, particularly in urban areas.

Successful private-public partnership in the water

utility. Water utility among the most

efficient in Africa

Sanitation MDG is off track. Lack of consistent data and

standardized norms for monitoring progress in access. Improving provision in rural

areas.

INFRASTRUCTURES MAP

Source: AICD Interactive Infrastructure Atlas for Burkina Faso (http://www.infrastructureafrica.org/aicd).

ROADS

• Burkina’s 15,202 km of classified road network length seems, in general, adequately designed given the level of traffic and the connectivity it provides.

Burkina Faso’s road indicators benchmarked against Africa’s low- and middle-income countries

RAIL

• Burkina Faso has a transnational railway line jointly owned by Côte d’Ivoire.

• The rail line links the port of Abidjan to Ouagadougou and is a key conduit for bulk freight from and into the landlocked hinterland of Burkina Faso.

• People don’t usually travel by train. They use bus. The train is generally for business and trade uses.

AIR TRANSPORT

• Burkina Faso is a minor player in air transportation in West Africa.

• The country has two international airports (Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso) but strongly concentrated freight and passenger international traffic.

• The country is on a huge project of construction of a new airport 35kms away from Ouagadougou. The work may start around 2015 for a 10-year construction process.

WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION

• Burkina has made significant progress toward ensuring that all of its population can access improved water.

• According to the JMP, less than 20 percent of the Burkinabè population had access to improved sanitation in 2003.

• Increased access to improved sanitation has come predominantly from more latrines

• Upcoming challenges include further extending the service to rural areas and improving the technology mix in urban areas and the construction of more dams.

GENERAL CONSTRAINTS

• Lack of qualified engineers and construction-related equipments

• High factor costs affecting the business operation

• Highly bureaucratic tender process

• Delay of payment

• Requirement of unofficial payment

• Competition with foreign-owned construction companies

• Lack of available business services provided by either governmental or non-governmental agencies

• Very weak voluntary professional and business associations

• Inadequate accessibility to financial services

CONCLUSION

• For countries like Burkina Faso, a small landlocked and agriculture-dependent economy, an efficient transport system, infrastructures for water and power are critically important. The politic of the Construction industry is widely concerned about these infrastructures.

• In addition, urban redevelopment called “OUAGA 2000” was undertaken almost simultaneously and subsequently a construction boom for buildings has taken place in the city.

• Burkina Faso is a fertile field for investment because the entire country is a construction site. However, owing to the absence of any real domestic capability, most of the larger projects are awarded to foreign-based construction firms. Therefore, the real challenge is to be able to empower the local enterprises so that they can benefit from these numerous construction projects.

REFERENCES• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_design_process#Detailed_design

• http://www.izf.net/pages/burkina-faso/4673/

• http://infrastructureafrica.org/system/files/Burkina%20Faso%20ctry%20rpt%20Web.pdf

• http://www.izf.net/pages/burkina-faso/17435/

• http://www.lesite.tv/videotheque/0805.0029.00-la-voute-nubienne-comme-alternative-de-construction-au-burkina-faso

• http://www.lavoutenubienne.org/sites/default/files/stock/documents/production_terrain/05-10-00_rapport-evaluation_cloture-partenariat-mae_u-wyss-10-05.pdf

• http://burkinafaso.helvetas.org/fr/activites/projets_burkina_faso/construction_dinfrastructures_durables_burkina_faso/