INTRODUCTION TO ERROR ANALYSIS

To ; Ma’am Mahwish

GROUP MEMBERS

Faiqa (group Leader)Slide #20-31Naveed akhtarSlide #1-9Aqsa habibSlide # 10-14Adeena anwarSliide # 15- 19

A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Error analysis, a branch of “applied linguistic” Pit Corder is the father of Error Analysis Error Analysis emerged in the 1960s by S.Pit Corder Corder (1967) noted: “a learner’s errors are

significant in that they provide to the researcher evidence of how language is learned or acquired, what strategies or procedures the learner is employing in the discovery of the language.”

VIEW OF AN ANAYLIST

Crystal (2003) defines EA as a “technique for identifying, classifying and systematically interpreting the unacceptable forms produced by someone learning a foreign language ,using any of the principles and procedures provided by linguistics”.

ERRORS

WHAT IS AN ERROR An error is a learner language form that deviates

from, or violates, a target language rule.

ERROR ANALYSIS

ERROR ANALYSIS Error analysis is a type of linguistic analysis that focus on

the errors make learners.

Ea was emerged in the answer of contrastive analysis which aim to find the learners error due to native language.

It consists of a comparison between the errors made in the target language and second language

It is a technique to explain the learners language error.

Error analysis is the examination of those errors committed by the students in both the spoken and written medium.

Ea defines the reinforcement areas of learners.

STEPS OF EA According to linguist Corder,the

following are the steps in any typical EA research:

collecting samples of learner language identifying the errors describing the errors explaining the errors evaluating/correcting the errors

CONTRASTIVE

ANALYSIS

CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS CA is a technique used to define the

learners errors that are occurred in his L2 due to the transfer of L1.

Transfer can be of two types1. Negative; when structure of two

languages is different and learner consider them as same.

2. Positive; when structure of two languages is same and learner consider them as same.

ERRORS & MISTAKES

The distinction between learner’s errors and mistakes has always been problematic for both teachers and researchers

ERROR/MISTAKE Errors are systematic and that can not

be corrected by the learners.

Mistakes are occurred due to the lake of competence in the learners language.

CLASSIFICATION OF ERRORS Orthographic Errors Sound/letter mismatch Same spelling. Different pronunciation Similar pronunciation. Different spelling Ignorance of spelling rules

Phonological Errors Lack of certain L2 phonemes in the learner’s L1 Differences in syllable structures in L1 and L2 Spelling pronunciation of words The problem of silnt letters

Lexico-semantic Errors (related to the semantic properties of lexical items) * I am working 24 o’clock each week. * English is alive language by which everyone can

convey his ideas.

Morphological-syntactic Errors Wrong use of plural morpheme Wrong use of tenses Wrong word order Wrong use of prepositions Errors in the use of articles

SOURCES OF ERRORS interlingual errors vs. intralingual errors

errors vs. mistakes

semantic vs. syntactic vs. semantic

TYPES OF ERRORS

FORMS OF ERRORS Omission; leaving out some required linguistic

elements

* My father is doctor. Additions; redundant use of certain elements

in a sentences

* Please answer to my letter soon. Substitutions; replacement of incorrect

elements for correct ones

*I am not afraid from dogs.

WHY ERROR ANALYSIS?

The idea made the researchers of applied linguistics devote their studies largely to the comparison of the native and the target language in order to make predictions and explanations about errors.

It is done to evaluate the learners error in their second language.

It checks for the voilation of rules

Tell the current status of the learning of the learner to both learner and teacher

NATURE OF ERRORS

Errors are ‘systematic”

Like; its occur repeatedly and not recognized by the learner.

Errors are of different types

Errors cannot be self corrected by learners

METHODOLOGY OF EA Collection of error Identification of error Classification of error types Statement of relative frequency of error

types Identification of the areas of difficulty in

the L2 Determination of the source of error Determination of the seriousness of the

error Remedy by the teacher in the classroom

IMPORTANCE OF ERROR ANALYSIS

IMPORTANCE; Error analysis helps to understand the

process of SLA (second language acquisition)

Error analysis shows the troublesome linguistic areas or errors that L2 learners encounter in learning

It showed that Contrastive Analysis was unable to predict a great majority of errors.

The errors give valuable feedback to both teachers and learners regarding strategies and progress.

The error also provides research with insights into the nature of SLA process

Error analysis is useful in second language learning because it reveals to us.

Teaching strategies

Syllabus designing

Textbook writers of what the problems areas are.

CONCLUSION

Error anaalysis is a useful technique to define the learners errors of second language.

It is beneficial to the learner and the teacher both

It is compulsory to evaluate the current status of the learner

It also indicate the problem areas and the solutions of them

It explores the reinforcement areas of the learners

It helps to acquire linguistic rules of second language

THANKS

ANY QUESTION