Kỹ thuật-vết-dầu-loang-chinh-phục-lý-thuyết-hóa-học-phiên-bản-mới-nhất-tác-giả-nguyễn-anh-phong (1)

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn

NGUYEN ANH PHONG

GIAO VIEN CHUYEN LUYEN THI

PHIN BN MI NHT

DANH CHO HOC SINH 10, 11, 12 LUYEN THI THPT QUOC GIA 2 TRONG 1 TAI LIEU DANH CHO GIAO VIEN THAM KHAO

NH XUT BN I HC S PHM TP H CH MINH

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn

MC LC

Li ni u

Gii thiu chung v sch

Chng: Nhng vn l thuyt ha hc THPT tng hp. .................................... 3

Chng 1 : Nguyn t, bng tun hon, lin kt ha hc, phn ng ha hc. .... 165

Chng 2: Halogen, oxi lu hunh,tc phn ng v cn bng ha hc. ........ 248

Chng 3: S in ly, nhm nito, nhm Cacbon. ............................................... 309

Chng 4: i cng ha hc hu c, hidrocacbon, andehit axitcacboxylic. . 346

Chng 5: Este lipit, cacbohidrat, cc hp cht cha nito,polime. ................. 421

Chng 6: i cng kim loi, kim kim th nhm, crom st ng. ... 530

Chng 7: M hnh th nghim, ng dng thc t. ............................................. 611

Chng 8: Xc nh v m s ng phn.......................................................... 632

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn

khangviet.com.vn T: 3910 3821

3

Chng NHNG VN L THUYT HA HC THPT

TNG HP 1.1 Nhng phn ng trng tm cn nh

CC PHN NG QUAN TRNG LIN QUAN TI HALOGEN + + +2 2 22F 2NaOH 2NaF H O OF (NaOH long lnh)

2 2 22F 2H O 4HF O+ + 2 4 2SiO 4HF S 2H O+ +iF

2 2 4 2SiO 2F S O+ +iF 2 2 2 4S 3F 4H O H SO 6HF+ + +

2 2 2 35F Br 6H O 2HBrO 10HF+ + + H O2

2

3 2 2

Cl HCl HClOHCl NaHCO CO NaCl H O

++ + +

ot2 3 23Cl 6KOH 5KCl KClO 3H O+ + +

ot2 2Cl 2KOH KCl KClO H O+ + +

thng ot

2 2Cl 2NaOH NaCl NaClO H O+ + +thng

2 2 2 35Cl I 6H O 2HIO 10HCl+ + +

2 2 2 35Cl Br 6H O 2HBrO 10HCl+ + +

( )+ + +dungdch2 2 2 222Cl 2Ca OH CaCl Ca(OCl) 2H O ( )2 2 22Cl Ca OH CaOCl H O+ +

Vi sa

2 2 2 2 4Cl SO 2H O 2HCl H SO+ + +

2 2 2 2 44Cl H S 4H O 8HCl H SO+ + +

2 2 2 2MnO 4HCl MnCl Cl 2H O+ + + 2 2 7 2 3 2K Cr O 14HCl 3Cl 2KCl 2CrCl 7H O+ + + +

4 2 2 22KMnO 16HCl 2KCl 2MnCl 8H O 5Cl+ + + +

3 2 2KClO 6HCl KCl 3H O 3Cl+ + +

3 2 2NaClO 6HCl NaCl 3H O 3Cl+ + +

2 22HCl NaClO NaCl Cl H O+ + +

2 2 2 3 22CaOCl CO H O CaCO CaCl 2HClO+ + + +

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn

K thut vt du loang chinh phc l thuyt Ha hc Nguyn Anh Phong

4

2 2 2 2+ + +CaOCl 2HCl CaCl Cl H O

2 4 4

2 4 2 2 2

NaBr H SO NaHSO HBr

2HBr H SO SO Br 2H O

+ + + + +

0c,t

0c,t

2 4 4

2 4 2 2 2

NaI H SO NaHSO HI

8HI H SO H S 4I 4H O

+ + + + +

0c,t

0c,t

2 4 4NaCl H SO NaHSO HCl+ +0c,t

2 4 2 2 28HI H SO H S 4I 4H O+ + +0c,t

3 2 3 3PBr 3H O H PO 3HBr+ +

+anh sang 22AgBr 2Ag Br

3 2 3 3PI 3H O H PO 3HI+ +

3 2 2 2O 2HI I O H O+ + +

2 2 3NaClO CO H O NaHCO HClO+ + +

2 3 2 2 2 4

2 3 2 2

Na SO Br H O Na SO 2HBrNa SO 6HI 2NaI S 2I 3H O

+ + +

+ + + +

dp /mn2 2 22NaCl 2H O 2NaOH H Cl+ + +

dd

2 2 24HBr O 2H O 2Br+ +

2 3 2 2 2 4Na SO Cl H O Na SO 2HCl+ + + CC PHN NG QUAN TRNG LIN QUAN TI OXI LU HUNH

0t

2 2 2Ag S O 2Ag SO+ +

0t

2 2HgS O Hg SO+ +

0t

2 23ZnS O ZnO SO2

+ +

3 2 2 2O 2HI I O H O+ + +

0MnO ,t2

3 23KClO KCl O2

+

3 2 22Ag O Ag O O+ +

0t

4 2 4 2 22KMnO K MnO MnO O + +

2 2 2 22H O 2H O O +

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


5

3 2 2 22KI O H O I 2KOH O+ + + +

2 2 2 2 3H O KNO H O KNO+ +

2 2 2 2 2H O Ag O H O 2Ag O+ + + 2 2 2 22H O 2H O O +

2 2 4 2 4 4 2 2 4 25H O 2KMnO 3H SO 2MnSO 5O K SO 8H O+ + + + +

2 2 2H O 2KI I 2KOH+ + 0MnO :t2

3 23KClO KCl O2

+

9t +3 44KClO 3KClO KCl

2 2 2 2 4SO Br 2H O 2HBr H SO+ + +

2 2 31SO O SO2

+ 2 2 2H O 2KI I 2KOH+ +

+ +2 2H S Cl (kh) 2HCl S

2 2 22H S O 2S 2H O+ +

2 2 2 22H S 3O 2SO 2H O+ +

2 2 2 2 4SO Cl 2H O 2HCl H SO+ + +

2 2 2 2 4H S 4Cl 4H O 8HCl H SO+ + +

2 2 2 2 4H S 4Br 4H O 8HBr H SO+ + +

2 4 2 2 4 4 2 45SO 2KMnO 2H O K SO 2MnSO 2H SO+ + + +

2 2 3 2SO Ca(OH) C O H O+ +aS

2 2 2SO 2H S 3S 2H O+ +

2 3 2 3H S Pb(NO ) PbS 2HNO+ +

2 6S 3F SF+ 2 2H S CuCl C+ uS+2HCl

2 4 2 4H S CuSO C SO+ uS +H

3 2 2 32AgNO H S Ag S 2HNO+ +

2 3 2 2 2 42 3 2 2

Na SO Br H O Na SO 2HBrNa SO 6HI 2NaI S 2I 3H O

+ + +

+ + + +

( )2 2 7 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 23K Cr O H S H SO 4 K SO Cr SO H O+ + + +4 7 9 4 16 ( )2 2 4 2 4 2 43SO Fe SO 2H O 2FeSO 2H SO+ + + 3 2 2 2S 4HNO SO 4NO 2H O+ + +

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


6

ot

2SO 2Mg S 2MgO+ + ot

3 2 4 2 2S 6HNO H SO 6NO 2H O+ + + + + + +2 2 3 2 4 2 4 2 2Na S O H SO (loang) Na SO S SO H O

2 3 2 4 2 4 2 2Na SO H SO Na SO SO H O+ + +

+ +

+ +2 4 2 2

2 4 2 2 2

H SO 3H S 4S 4H O

3H SO H S 4SO 4H O

+ +2 4 2 2S 2H SO 3SO 2H O

( )+ + +2 4 2 4 2 232FeS 10H SO Fe SO 9SO 10H O ( )+ + + +3 2 4 2 4 2 2 232FeCO 4H SO Fe SO SO 2CO 4H O ( )+ + +3 4 2 4 2 4 2 232Fe O 10H SO 3Fe SO SO 10H O

( )+ + +2 4 2 4 2 232FeO 4H SO Fe SO SO 4H O ( ) ( )+ + +2 4 2 4 2 22 32Fe OH 4H SO Fe SO SO 6H O

2 4H SO 2HCl+ + +2 2 2SO Cl 2H O

2 4H SO 2HBr+ + +2 2 2SO Br 2H O

2 4SO 8HCl+ + +2 2 2H S 4Cl 4H O H C+ +2 4 2 4H S CuSO uS H SO

2 3 2 2 4+ + +3SO 2 HNO 2 H O 2 NO 3 H SO

2 3 2 4 2 2H S HNO H SO H O+ + + 8 8NO 4

2 4 2 2H SO 6NO 2H O+ + +3S 6HNO

2 4SO 8HBr+ + +2 2 2H S 4Br 4H O H

( ) + + +ien phan dd2 4 2 2 4 233Fe SO 3H O 2Fe 3H SO O2

+ + +d p4 2 2 4 21CuSO H O Cu H SO O2

+ 3 2 2 4SO H O H SO

+ + +2 4 2 2 2C 2H SO CO 2SO 2H O

+ + +2 2 4 4 2 2Cu S 6H SO ( / n) 2CuSO 5SO 6H O

( )+ + +2 4 2 4 2 232Fe 6H SO ( / n) Fe SO 3SO 6H O + + +2 4 2 4 2 22Ag 2H SO ( / n) Ag SO SO 2H O

+ + +0t

4 2 4 2 4 3 2 22FeSO 2H SO ( / n) Fe (SO ) SO 2H O

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


7

CC PHN NG QUAN TRNG LIN QUAN TI NIT PHTPHO

2 3N 6Li 2Li N+ 2 21NO O NO2

+

0t

3 2 21KNO KNO O2

+

3 2 4 2 26HNO S H SO 6NO 2H O+ + +

3 24H NO 3e NO 2H O+ + + +

4 3 2NH OH NH H O+ + +

3 3 24HNO 3e 3NO NO 2H O+ + +

+ + 0t

3(r) 2 4 4 3NaNO H SO NaHSO HNO

0t4 2 2 2NH Cl NaNO N 2H O NaCl+ + +

3 2 22NH 3Cl N 6HCl+ +

2 2 2 312NO O H O 2HNO2

+ +

2 2 33NO H O 2HNO NO+ +

2 3 2 22NO 2NaOH NaNO NaNO H O+ + + 0t

4 2 2 2NH NO N 2H O + 0t

4 3 2 2NH NO N O 2H O + 0t

3 2 21NaNO NaNO O2

+

0t2 23Cu N 3H O+ + +32NH 3CuO

( )0t

2 3 2CO 2NH H O + +4 32NH CO

2 4 3 4 3H SO ( ) NaNO ( ) N O HNO+ +c rn aHS

( )0HCl 0 56 5 2 2 6 5 2 2C H NH HNO HCl C H N Cl 2H O

++ + +

2 2HO H O+ + +2 2 2 2H NCH COOH HNO CH COOH N 0t

3 2 2 24NH 3O 2N 6H O+ + 0t ;xt

3 2 24NH 5O 4NO 6H O+ +

( )0t

4 3 2 222NH Cl Ca OH 2NH CaCl 2H O+ + + 0t

4 3NH Cl NH HCl +

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


8

( )0t

4 4 3 2 2 221NH SO 2NH SO H O O2

+ + +

0t3 2 2 2

1Cu(NO ) CuO 2NO O2

+ +

iu ch ure: ( )0200 C,200atm

2 3 2 22CO 2NH NH CO H O+ +

( ) ( )2 2 4 32 2NH CO 2H O NH CO+ Sn xut supephotphat n: ( )3 4 2 4 2 4 2 42Ca PO 2H SO Ca(H PO ) 2CaSO+ + Sn xut supephotphat kp:

( )( ) ( )

3 4 2 4 3 4 42

3 4 3 4 2 42 2

Ca PO 3H SO 2H PO 3CaSO

Ca PO 4H PO 3Ca H PO

+ +

+

0t

3 23Ca 2P Ca P+ 3 2 3 2Ca P 6HCl 3PH 3CaCl+ + iu ch P trong cng nghip:

( )0t

3 4 2 32Ca PO 3SiO 5C 3CaSiO 2P 5CO+ + + +

+ + +0t

2 4 3 4 2 22P 5H SO () 2H PO 5SO 2H O

Phn amophot l hn hp: ( )4 2 4 4 42NH H PO v NH HPO Phn nitrophotka l hn hp ( )3 4 42KNO v NH HPO

CC PHN NG QUAN TRNG LIN QUAN TI CACBON SILIC

o ot t

2 2 2 2 2C H O CO H C 2H O CO 2H+ + + +

2 2 3 2 2 3 2 3CO Na SiO H O H SiO Na CO+ + +

+H SO /ac2 4 2HCOOH CO H O

22Mg CO 2MgO C+ + 22Mg SO 2MgO S+ +

23 2 22H CO CO H O+ + +

3 2 2H HCO CO H O+ + +

23 3 2OH HCO CO H O + +

2 2 3 2 3CO Na CO H O 2NaHCO+ + 2 3 2 2Na CO 2HCl 2NaCl CO H O+ + + 2C 2CuO CO 2Cu+ +

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


9

0t3 2 2 2C 4HNO CO 4NO 2H O+ + +

0t2 4 2 2 2C 2H SO CO 2SO 2H O+ + +

0t3 23C 2KClO 2KCl 3CO+ + 0t

2C CO 2CO+ 0t

22Mg Si Mg Si+ 0t

2 2 3 2SiO 2NaOH Na SiO H O+ +(nng chy) 0t

2 2 3 2 3 2SiO Na Na SiO CO+ +CO (nng chy) ot+ +2SiO 2C Si 2CO 0t

2SiO 2Mg Si 2MgO+ +

2 2 3 2Si 2NaOH H O Na SiO 2H+ + +

2 3 2 3Na SiO 2HCl H SiO 2NaCl+ + CC PHN NG QUAN TRNG LIN QUAN TI HIDROCACBON

o1500 C, n4 22CH CH CH 3H +

cracking

4 10 4 3 6C H CH C H +

4 3 2 3 4Al C 12H O 4Al(OH) 3CH+ + 0CaO,t

3 4 2 3CH C Na NaOH CH Na CO+ +OO

2 42F CH C 4HF+ +

2 2 2 2 2CH CH Br CH Br CH Br= + 0t

2 3 2 2 20t

2 2 2 2 2

CH CH CH Cl CH CH CH Cl HCl

CH CH CH Cl H O CH CH CH OH HCl

= + = + = + = +

( ) ( )2 3 4 2 2 33CH CHCH 2KMnO 4H O 3CH OH CH OH CH= + + 22MnO 2KOH+ +

( ) ( )2 2 4 2 2 23CH CH 2KMnO 4H O 3CH OH CH OH= + + 22MnO 2KOH+ +

( ) = + + 6 5 2 4 2 6 5 23C H CH CH 2KMnO 4H O 3C H CH OH CH OH + +2 2MnO 2KOH

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


10

0ancol,t3 2 2 2 2CH CH Br KOH CH CH KBr H O + = + +

( )2 2 2CaC 2H O Ca OH CH CH+ + CAg CAg 2HCl CH CH 2AgCl + +

KMnO42ankin MnO

2Hg2 3CH CH H O CH CHO

+ +

3C2H2 + 8KMnO4 + 4H2O 3 KOOC COOK + 8MnO2 + 2KOH + 2H2O

CC PHN NG QUAN TRNG LIN QUAN TI CHT C VNG BENZEN

ot , pcao6 5 6 5 2C H Cl 2NaOH C H ONa NaCl H O+ + +

6 5 6 5 2HCOOC H 2NaOH C H ONa HCOONa H O+ + +

6 5 3 6 5 2 2C H NH Cl NaOH C H NH NaCl H O + + +

6 4 3 6 4 3 2OH C H CH NaOH ONa C H CH H O + +

6 5 6 5 2C H OH NaOH C H ONa H O + + 6 5 3 6 5 3C H C CH NaOH C H COONa CH OH+ +OO

6 4 6 4 2HO C H OH 2NaOH NaO C H ONa 2H O + +

6 5 3 6 5 2 2C H NH Cl NaOH C H NH NaCl H O + + +

6 5 2 2 6 5 3C H ONa CO H O C H OH NaHCO+ + +

6 5 2 6 5 3C H NH HCl C H NH Cl+

6 5 6 5 21C H OH Na C H ONa H2

+ +

( )6 5 2 6 23C H OH 3Br Br C H OH 3HBr+ +(Trng)

( )6 5 3 6 2 2 23+ +C H OH 3HNO C H OH NO 3H O

( )6 5 3 3 6 5 32C H OH CH CO O CH C C H CH C H+ +OO OO

6 5 3 3 6 5C H OH CH COCl CH COOC H HCl+ +

2 6 5 2 6 5HCOOCH C H NaOH HOCH C H HCOONa + +

3 6 5 3 6 5 2CH C C H 2NaOH CH C Na C H ONa H O+ + +OO OO iu ch phenol v axeton

( )CH CHCH /H O kk;H SO2 3 2 2 46 6 6 5 3 2C H C H CH CH (cumen)+=

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


11

6 5 3 3C H OH CH COCH+

( )6 5 2 2 6 2 23C H NH 3Br Br C H NH 3HBr+ + 6 5 2 2 6 5 2C H CH CH Br C H CHBr CH Br = +

6 4 3 2 6 2 3 2HO C H CH 2Br HO C H CH (Br) 2HBr + +

( )3 6 4 2 6 1 33H C C H OH 3Br Br C H (CH )OH 3HBr + + CC PHN NG QUAN TRNG LIN QUAN TI

ANCOL ANDEHIT AXIT ESTE ot ,ZnO,CrO3

2 3CO 2H CH OH+ 0t

3 3CH Cl NaOH CH OH NaCl+ + Ni

2 3HCHO H CH OH+ 0t

2 2 2 2 2CH CH CH Cl H O CH CH CH OH HCl= + = +

+len men6 12 6 2 2 5C H O 2CO 2C H OH 0t

3 2CH OH CuO HCHO Cu H O+ + + 0t

2 5 3 2C H OH CuO CH CHO Cu H O+ + + 2 2 4 2 2 23CH CH 2KMnO 4H O 3CH (OH) CH (OH)= + +

22MnO 2KOH+ +

2 5 2 5 21C H OH Na C H ONa H2

+ +

2 5 3 3 2 5 2C H OH CH C H CH C C H H O+ +OO OO

( )0t

2 22RCHO 2Cu OH NaOH RCOONa Cu O 3H O+ + + + ( )3 4 3 22RCHO 2 Ag NH OH RCOONH 2Ag 3NH H O + + + +

0xt,t3 2 3

1CH CHO O CH C H2

+ OO

0xt,t4 2 2CH O HCHO H O+ +

0t2 5 3 2C H OH CuO CH CHO Cu H O+ + +

0t3 2CH OH CuO HCHO Cu H O+ + +

2 0Hg /80 C2 3CH CH H O CH CHO

+ +

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


12

PdCl ;CuCl2 22 2 2 32CH CH O 2CH CHO= +

3NaOH Na CH CHO= + +3 2 3CH COOCH CH CH COO xt

2 2 2

xt2 2 2

1RCH OH O RCHO H O2

RCH OH O RCOOH H O

+ +

+ +

2 2 3CH CHCl NaOH CH CH OH CH CHO= + =

3 2 3 2 3CH CHCl NaOH CH CH(OH) CH CHO +

3 2 3 3CH C CH CH NaOH CH C Na CH CHO= + +OO OO

2 3 2 2 2 3CH C(CH )CHO 2Br H O CH Br BrC(CH )C H 2HBr= + + +OO AgNO /NH3 3HCOOH 2Ag

AgNO /NH3 33HCOOCH 2Ag

oNi,t2 3HCHO H CH OH+

oNi,t2 2RCHO H RCH OH+

2 2RCHO Br H O RCOOH 2HBr+ + + AgNO /NH3 3Glucozo 2Ag

AgNO /NH3 3HCOONa 2Ag

2 5 2 3 2C H OH O CH C H H O+ +men gim OO

chay3 2 5 2 2 2CH COOC H 5O 4CO 4H O+ +

0xt,t

3 3CH OH CO CH C H+ OO

+ +chay

3 3 2 2 27CH COOCH O 3CO 3H O2

0xt,t

4 10 2 3 25C H O 2CH C H H O2

+ +OO

+ +chay

3 2 2 2HCOOCH 2O 2CO 2H O

2 oMn ,t3 2 3

1CH CHO O CH COOH2

++

+ +chay3 3 7 2 2 2

13CH COOC H O 5CO 5H O2

3 2 3 2 2CH CH C H NaOH CH CH C Na H O+ +OO OO

3 3 3 3CH C CH NaOH CH C Na CH OH+ +OO OO

3 3 3 3CH C CH NaOH CH C Na CH OH+ +OO OO 0H O,H ,tKCN 2R X R C N RCOOH

+

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


13

3 2 2 3 2 2CH C CH CH Cl 2NaOH CH C Na NaCl HOCH CH OH+ + +OO OO

3 2 2 2 2ClH N CH C H 2NaOH H N CH C Na NaCl 2H O + + +OO OO

3 3 3 3 3 3

3 2 3 3 2

CH CCl 3NaOH CH C(OH) CH C H CH C Na4NaOH CH C C(Cl) CH 2CH C Na 2NaCl 2H O

+

+ + +

OO OO

OO OO

( ) ( )3 3 22 22CH C H Cu OH CH C Cu 2H O+ +OO OO Axit adipic [ ]2 4H C CH C H OO OO 3 3 2CH C H NaOH CH C Na H O+ +OO OO

2 2 2CH CH C H Br CH Br CHBr C H= + OO OO

2 2HCOOH Br CO 2HBr+ +

( )2 2 2CaC 2H O Ca OH CH CH+ +

0CaO.t

3 4 2 3CH C Na NaOH CH Na CO+ +OO

3 3 3 2 2CH C H KHCO CH C K CO H O+ + +OO OO

3 3CH C H NaClO CH C HClO+ +OO OONa

+ +H SO 2 4

3 3 3 3 2CH COOH CH OH CH COOCH H O

( )3 3 222CH C H Mg CH C Mg H+ +OO OO ( ) ( )3 3 22 22CH C H Cu OH CH C Cu 2H O+ +OO OO

( )3 3 3 2 222CH C H CaCO CH C Ca CO H O+ + +OO OO

3 2 3CH C H CH CH CH CH CCH+ =OO OO Nh 4 loi axit bo quan trng sau: Axit panmitic: C15H31COOH M=256 Axit stearic: C17H35COOH M=284 Axit oleic: C17H33COOH M=282 Axit linoleic: C17H31COOH M=280

( ) ( ) + +17 35 3 5 17 35 3 53 3 C H COO C H 3NaOH 3C H COONa C H OH ( ) ( ) ( )6 7 2 3 6 7 2 3 33 2 2C H O OH 2 CH CO O HO C H O OOCCH 2CH C H+ + OO ( ) ( ) ( )6 7 2 3 6 7 2 3 33 2 3C H O OH 3 CH CO O C H O OOCCH 3CH C H+ + OO

CC PHN NG QUAN TRNG LIN QUAN TI

KIM LOI KIM TH 2 2

3 3Ca CO CaCO+ +

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


14

2 2 23 3 2 3 3OH HCO CO H O Ca CO CaCO

+ + + +

( )2 34 3 4 23Ca 2PO Ca PO+ +

2 2 2 23 3 3 3Mg CO MgCO Ca CO CaCO

+ + + +

( )2 34 3 4 23Mg 2PO Mg PO+ +

2 23 3Ba CO BaCO

+ + 2 24 4Ba SO B O+ + aS

2 2 23 3 2 3 3OH HCO CO H O Ba CO BaCO

+ + + + 23 2 22H CO CO H O

+ + + 2 24 3 4 2 2H SO HCO Ba B O CO H O

+ ++ + + + +aS

( )0t

3 3 2 22Ca HCO CaCO CO H O + +

2 3 2 2Na CO 2HCl 2NaCl CO H O+ + +

2 3 2 2Na SO 2HCl 2NaCl SO H O+ + + 2

3 3 2Ca HCO OH CaCO H O+ + + +

3 2 2H HCO CO H O+ + +

2 23 3 3 2Ca Ba 2HCO 2OH CaCO BaCO 2H O

+ + + + + + +

CC PHN NG QUAN TRNG LIN QUAN TI NHM CROM

( )3 3Al 3OH Al OH+ + ( ) 2 23Al OH OH AlO 2H O

+ +

thuy phan2AlO OH + +thuy phan3Al H

2 3 22Al 3H O 2Al(OH) 3CO 6NaCl+ + + +2 3 33Na CO Cl

2 3 2 3 23Na S 2AlCl 6H O 6NaCl 2Al(OH) 3H S+ + + +

( )2 2 2 33CO N lO 2H O Al OH NaHCO+ + +aA ( ) ( )2 2 2 3 2 2 22 2Ba 2H O Ba OH H Ba OH Al O Ba(AlO ) H O+ + + +

2 2 23Al NaOH H O N lO H2

+ + +aA

2 2 23Al OH H O lO H2

+ + + A

2 3 2 2 2Al O 2NaOH H O 2N lO 2H O+ + +aA H O2

3NH OH ( )3 3Al 3OH Al OH

+ +

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


15

( )3 3 4 3 238Al 30HNO 8Al NO 3NH NO 9H O+ + +

( )2 2 3AlO H H O Al OH ++ +

( )4 3 2 43Al C 12H O 4Al OH 3CH+ +

3 2 2 38Al 5OH 3NO 2H O 8AlO 3NH + + + +

ot+ +2 3 4 32Al O 9C Al C 6CO

32

3Al 3H Al H2

+ ++ +

3 3 2 3 2 22CrO 2NH Cr O N 3H O+ + +

2 2 7 2 3 2 4 + +K Cr O S Cr O K SO

( )0t + +4 2 7 2 3 2 22NH Cr O Cr O N 4H O

+ + +3 2 23CuO 2NH 3Cu N 3H O 3 2

2 4 22Cr 3Br 16OH 2CrO 6Br 8H O+ + + + +

2 24 2 7 22CrO 2H Cr O H O

)

+ + +

(mu vng (mu da cam)

Trong mi trng axit Zn d kh mui Cr+3 v Cr+2. 3 2 2Zn 2Cr 2Cr Zn+ + ++ +

2 2 7 2 2 4 2K Cr O 2KOH 2K Cr O H O+ +

3 2 2 4 2 2 73CrO 2H O H CrO H Cr O+ +

( )2 2 7 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 23K Cr O 6KI 7H SO Cr SO 4K SO 3I 7H O+ + + + + ( ) ( )2 2 7 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 23 3K Cr O 6FeSO 7H SO Cr SO 3Fe SO K SO 3I 7H O+ + + + + +

3 3 2 3 2 22CrO 2NH Cr O N 3H O+ + + CC PHN NG QUAN TRNG LIN QUAN TI ST

( )2 2 4 2 4 2 43SO Fe SO 2H O 2FeSO 2H SO+ + + 2 2 2FeS 2HCl FeCl S H S+ + +

( )3 2 4 2 23Fe NO 2H SO 15NO 7H O+ + + +2 3FeS 18HNO

2 2FeS 2HCl FeCl H S+ +

( )2 3 2 4 2 4 23Fe O 3H SO Fe SO 3H O+ +

2 2Na S FeCl FeS 2NaCl+ + 2 3Fe Ag Fe Ag+ + ++ +

3 222Fe 2I 2Fe I

+ ++ +

3 2 22FeCl 2KI 2KCl 2FeCl I+ + +

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


16

3 2 22FeCl 2HI 2FeCl I 2HCl+ + +

+ + +2 3 2 2 2Fe O 6HI 2FeI I 3H O

( )+ + +2 4 2 4 2 232Fe 6H SO ( / n) Fe SO 3SO 6H O ( )+ + +2 2 4 2 4 2 232FeS 14H SO Fe SO 15 SO 14H O ( )+ + +2 4 2 4 2 232FeS 10H SO Fe SO 9SO 10H O ( )+ + + +3 2 4 2 4 2 2 232FeCO 4H SO Fe SO 2CO SO 4H O

( ) ( )+ + +2 4 2 4 2 22 32Fe OH 4H SO Fe SO SO 6H O ( )+ + +2 4 2 4 2 232FeO 4H SO Fe SO SO 4H O

( )+ + +3 4 2 4 2 4 2 232Fe O 10H SO 3Fe SO SO 10H O ( )+ + +4 2 4 2 4 2 232FeSO 2H SO Fe SO SO 2H O

( )+ 2 4 3 4 42H SO 2NH NH SO 2 2Fe Cu Fe Cu+ ++ +

3 2 22Fe Cu 2Fe Cu+ + ++ + 2

2Fe 2H Fe H+ ++ +

3 2Fe 2Fe 3Fe+ ++ 2 3 22 3H O 2Fe(OH) 3CO 6NaCl+ + + +2 3 33Na CO FeCl

( )2 33 2 233CO 2Fe 3H O 2Fe OH 3CO ++ + +

( )3 3Fe 3OH Fe OH+ +

( )2 2Fe 2OH Fe OH+ +

22FeS 2H Fe H S

+ ++ +

2 322Fe Br 2Fe 2Br+ + + +

3 222Fe H S 2Fe S 2H+ + ++ + +

ot

2 2 3 272FeS O Fe O 2SO2

+ +

0t

2 2 2 3 2112FeS O Fe O 4SO2

+ +

2 3 24 25Fe MnO 8H 5Fe Mn 4H O+ + + ++ + + +

2 2 31FeCl Cl FeCl2

+

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


17

2 33Fe Cl FeCl2

+

0t3 2 2 3 2 2

12Fe(NO ) Fe O 4NO O2

+ +

0t3 3 2 3 2 2

32Fe(NO ) Fe O 6NO O2

+ +

3 2 2 2FeCO 2HCl FeCl CO H O+ + + 3 2 22Fe S 2Fe S+ ++ + 2 3

3 23Fe NO 4H 3Fe NO 2H O+ + ++ + + +

2 2Fe S FeS+ +

( )2 3 2 42Fe 2NH 2H O Fe OH 2NH+ ++ + +

( )3 3 2 43Fe 3NH 3H O Fe OH 3NH+ ++ + +

( )2 3 3 3FeCl 3AgNO Fe NO 2AgCl Ag+ + + 0t 570

2 2Fe H O FeO H>+ +

0t 5702 3 4 23Fe 4H O Fe O 4H

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


18

c. Cc hp cht tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3. + Ankin u mch + Andehit v cc hp cht cha nhm CHO nh (HCOOR, Glucoz, Mantoz) Ch : Vi loi hp cht kiu

AgNO /NH3 34

AgCH C R CHO

CAg C R COONH

Phn ng to kt ta vi phn ng trng gng l khc nhau. d. Nhng cht phn ng c vi Cu(OH)2 + Ancol a chc v cc cht c 2 nhm OH gn nhau to phc mu xanh lam vi Cu(OH)2 V d: etylen glycol C2H4(OH)2 v glixerol C3H5(OH)3 Nhng cht c nhm OH gn nhau: Glucz, Fructoz, Saccaroz, Mantoz + Axit cacboxylic + c bit: Nhng cht c cha nhm chc anehit khi cho tc dng vi Cu(OH)2/NaOH nung nng s cho kt ta Cu2O mu gch + Peptit v protein Peptit: Trong mi trng kim, peptit tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 cho hp cht mu tm l mu ca hp cht phc gia peptit c t 2 lin kt peptit tr ln vi ion ng Protein: C phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)2 cho hp cht mu tm e. Nhng cht phn ng c vi NaOH + Dn xut halogen + Phenol + Axit cacboxylic + Este + Mui ca amin R NH3Cl + NaOH R NH2 + NaCl + H2O + Amino axit + Mui ca nhm amino ca amino axit HOOC R NH3Cl + 2NaOH NaOOC R NH2 + NaCl + 2H2O f. Nhng cht phn ng c vi HCl Tnh axit sp xp tng dn: Phenol < axit cacbonic < axit cacboxylic < HCl Nguyn tc: axit mnh hn y axit yu hn ra khi mui + Phn ng cng ca cc cht c gc hirocacbon khng no. in hnh l gc: vinyl CH2 = CH + Mui ca phenol + Mui ca axit cacboxylic + Amin + Aminoaxit

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


19

+ Mui ca nhm cacboxyl ca axit NaOOC R NH2 + 2HCl HOOC R NH3Cl + NaCl

g. Nhng cht lm qu tm chuyn sang mu xanh, mu , khng i mu + Nhng cht lm qu tm chuyn sang mu (thng thng l tnh cht ca axit) gm: + Axit cacboxylic + Aminoaxit: x(H2N)R(COOH)y (y > x) + Mui ca cc baz yu v axit mnh + Nhng cht lm qu tm chuyn sang mu xanh (thng thng l tnh cht ca baz) gm: + Amin (tr anilin) + Aminoaxit: x(H2N)R(COOH)y (x > y) + Mui ca axit yu v baz mnh h. So snh nhit si v nhit nng chy A. Vi cc hp cht hu c Sp xp cc cht theo chiu tng dn (hay gim dn) ca nhit si, nhit nng chy l mt ch thng xuyn xut hin trong cc cu hi v hp cht hu c, c bit l phn cc hp cht hu c c cha nhm chc. Thc ra dng bi ny khng h kh. Cc bn ch cn nm vng nguyn tc so snh l hon ton c th lm tt. Tiu ch so snh nhit si v nng chy (nc) ca cc cht ch yu da vo 3 yu t sau: 1. Phn t khi: thng thng, nu nh khng xt n nhng yu t khc, cht c phn t khi cng ln th nhit si, nhit nng chy cng cao. V d: metan CH4 v pentan C5H12 th pentan c nhit si cao hn. 2. Lin kt Hydro: nu hai cht c phn t khi xp x nhau th cht no c lin kt hydro s c nhit si cao hn: v d CH3COOH c nhit si cao hn HCOOCH3 3. Cu to phn t: nu mch cng phn nhnh th nhit si cng thp. V d: ta xt hai ng phn ca pentan (C5H12) l pentan: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 v neo-pentan C(CH3)4. Phn t neo-pentan c mch nhnh nn s c nhit si thp hn ng phn mch thng l pentan. Mt s ch khi lm bi: Cc bi thng gp trong thi hoc cc b luyn tp l sp xp theo chiu tng dn, hoc gim dn nhit si, vi kiu dng nh th, chng ta ch cn nm r cc tiu ch sau: AI.Vi Hidrocacbon i theo chiu tng dn ca dy ng ng (Ankan, Anken, Ankin, Aren...) th nhit si tng dn v khi lng phn t tngVD: C2H6 > CH4 Vi cc Ankan, Anken, Ankin, Aren tng ng th chiu nhit si nh sau: Ankan < Anken < Ankin < Aren

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


20

Nguyn nhn: khi lng phn t ca cc cht l tng ng nhng do tng v s lng ni pi nn dn n nhit si cao hn (mt thm nng lng ph v lin kt pi) Vi cc ng phn th ng phn no c mch di hn th c nhit si cao hn. Vi cc dn xut R-X, nu khng c lin kt hidro, nhit si s cng cao khi X ht e cng mnh. V d: 4 10 4 9C H C H Cl< Dn xut halogen ca anken si v nng chy nhit thp hn dn xut ca ankan tng ng. Dn xut ca benzen: a mt nhm th n gin vo vng benzen s lm tng nhit si. AII. Vi hp cht cha nhm chc a/ Cc cht cng dy ng ng: cht no c khi lng phn t ln hn th nhit si ln hn V d: CH3OH v C2H5OH th C2H5OH c nhit si cao hn. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO th C2H5CHO c nhit si cao hn. b/ Xt vi cc hp cht c nhm chc khc nhau Nhit si ca ru, andehit, acid, xeton, este tng ng theo th t sau: Axit > ancol > amin > andehit . Xeton v este > andehit Axit > ancol > amin > este > xeton > anehit > dn xut halogen > ete > CxHy c/ Ch vi ancol v axit Cc gc y e ankyl ( CH3, C2H5 ...) s lm tng nhit si do lin kt H bn hn. V d: CH3COOH < C2H5COOH Cc gc ht e (Phenyl, Cl ...) s lm gim nhit si do lin kt H s gim bn i. V d: Cl-CH2COOH < CH3COOH ( ht e gim dn theo th t F > Cl > Br > I) d/ Ch vi cc hp cht thm c cha nhm chc OH, COOH, NH2 Nhm th loi 1 (ch cha cc lin kt sigma nh: ( CH3, C3H7...) c tc dng y e vo nhn thm lm lin kt H trong nhm chc bn hn nn lm tng nhit si. Nhm th loi 2 (cha lin kt pi nh NO2, C2H4 ...) c tc dng ht e ca nhn thm lm lin kt H trong nhm chc km bn i nn lm gim nhit si Nhm th loi 3 (cc halogen: Br, Cl, F, I...) c tc dng y e tng t nh nhm th loi 1 e/ Ch thm khi so snh nhit si ca cc cht Vi cc hp cht n gin th ch cn xt cc yu t ch yu l khi lng phn t v lin kt H so snh nhit si ca chng

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


21

Vi cc hp cht phc tp th nn xt y tt c cc yu t nh hng n nhit si a n kt qu chnh xc nht. V ng phn cu to, cc cht ng phn c cng loi nhm chc th th t nhit si s c sp xp nh sau: Bc 1 > bc 2 > bc 3 > ... Bng nhit si, nng chy ca mt s cht: Cht 0

nct s0t Cht 0nct s

0t Ka

CH3OH 97 64,5 HCOOH 8,4 101 3,77 C2H5OH 115 78,3 CH3COOH 17 118 4,76 C3H7OH 126 97 C2H5COOH 22 141 4,88 C4H9OH 90 118 n C3H7COOH 5 163 4,82 C5H11OH 78,5 138 i C3H7COOH 47 154 4,85 C6H13OH 52 156,5 n C4H9COOH 35 187 4,86 C7H15OH 34,6 176 n C5H11COOH 2 205 4,85 H2O 0 100 CH2=CH COOH 13 141 4,26 C6H5OH 43 182 (COOH)2 180 1,27 C6H5NH2 6 184 C6H5COOH 122 249 4,2 CH3Cl 97 24 CH3OCH3 24 C2H5Cl 139 12 CH3OC2H5 11 C3H7Cl 123 47 C2H5OC2H5 35 C4H9Cl 123 78 CH3OC4H9 71 CH3Br 93 4 HCHO 92 21 C2H5Br 119 38 CH3CHO 123,5 21 C3H7Br 110 70,9 C2H5CHO 31 48,8 CH3COC3H7 77,8 101,7 CH3COCH3 95 56,5 C2H5COC2H5 42 102,7 CH3COC2H5 86,4 79,6

B. Vi kim loi + Nhit si v nhit nng chy ca kim loi kim thp hn kh nhiu so vi cc kim loi khc. L do l lin kt kim loi trong mng tinh th kim loi kim km bn vng. Bng nhit si v nhit nng chy ca kim loi kim.

Nguyn t Li Na K Rb Cs Nhit si (0C) 1330 892 760 688 690 Nhit nng chy (0C) 180 98 64 39 29

Bng nhit si v nhit nng chy ca kim loi kim th. Nguyn t Be Mg Ca Sr Ba

Nhit si (0C) 2770 1110 1440 1380 1640 Nhit nng chy (0C) 1280 650 838 768 714

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


22

BI TP Cu 1: Nhit si ca cc axit cacboxylic cao hn anehit, xeton, ancol c cng s nguyn t C l do: A. Axit cacboxylic cha nhm C = O v nhm OH B. Phn t khi ca axit ln hn v nguyn t H ca nhm axit linh ng hn C. C s to thnh lin kt hiro lin phn t bn D. Cc axit cacboxylic u l cht lng hoc cht rn Cu 2: So snh nhit si ca cc cht axit axetic, axeton, propan, etanol A. CH3COOH > CH3CH2CH3 > CH3COCH3 > C2H5OH B. C2H5OH > CH3COOH > CH3COCH3 > CH3CH2CH3 C. CH3COOH > C2H5OH > CH3COCH3 > CH3CH2CH3 D. C2H5OH > CH3COCH3 > CH3COOH > CH3CH2CH3 Cu 3: Nhit si ca axit thng cao hn ancol c cng s nguyn t cacbon l do A. Ancol khng c lin kt hiro, axit c lin kt hiro B. Lin kt hiro ca axit bn hn ca ancol C. Khi lng phn t ca axit ln hn D. Axit c hai nguyn t oxi Cu 4: Trong s cc cht sau, cht c nhit si cao nht l: A. CH3CHO B. C2H5OH C. CH3COOH D. C5H12 Cu 5: Ch ra th t tng dn nhit si ca cc cht ? A. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, CH3COOH C. C2H5OH, CH3COOH, CH3CHO B. CH3CHO, CH3COOH, C2H5OH D. CH3COOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO Cu 6: Cho cc cht CH 3CH2COOH (X); CH3COOH (Y); C2H5OH (Z); CH3OCH3 (T). Dy gm cc cht c sp xp tng dn theo nhit si l A. T, X, Y, Z B. T, Z, Y, X C. Z, T, Y, X D. Y, T, Z, X Cu 7: Cho cc cht sau: CH3COOH (1), C2H5COOH (2), CH3COOCH3 (3),

CH3CH2CH2OH (4). Chiu tng dn nhit si ca cc cht trn theo th t t tri qua phi l:

A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 3, 4, 1, 2 C. 4, 1, 2, 3 D. 4, 3, 1, 2. Cu 8: Nhit si ca mi cht tng ng trong dy cc cht sau y, dy no hp l nht ? C2H5OH HCOOH CH3COOH A. 118,2oC 78,3oC 100,5oC B. 118,2oC 100,5oC 78,3oC C. 100,5oC 78,3oC 118,2oC D. 78,3oC 100,5oC 118,2oC Cu 9: Ch ra th t tng dn nhit si ca cc cht? A. CH3OH < CH3CH2COOH < NH3 < HCl B. C2H5Cl < CH3COOCH3 < C2H5OH < CH3COOH

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


23

C. C2H5Cl < CH3COOH < C2H5OH D. HCOOH < CH3OH < CH3COOH < C2H5F Cu 10: Xt phn ng: CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O Trong cc cht trong phng trnh phn ng trn, cht c nhit si thp nht l: A. C2H5OH B. CH3COOC2H5 C. H2O D. CH3COOH Cu 11: Cho cc cht sau: C2H5OH (1), C3H7OH (2), CH3CH(OH)CH3 (3),

C2H5Cl (4), CH3COOH (5), CH3OCH3 (6). Cc cht c sp xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn l:

A. (4), (6), (1), (2), (3), (5) B. (6), (4), (1), (3), (2), (5) C. (6), (4), (1), (2), (3), (5) D. (6), (4), (1), (3), (2), (5) Cu 12: Cho cc cht: Axit o hidroxi benzoic (1), m hidroxi benzoic (2),

p hidroxi benzoic (3), axit benzoic (4). Cc cht c sp xp theo chiu nhit si gim dn l:

A. (4), (3), (2), (1) B. (1), (2), (3), (4) C. (3), (2), (1), (4) D. (2), (1), (3), (4) Cu 13: Cho cc cht: ancol etylic (1), andehit axetic (2), i metyl ete (3), axit

fomic (4). Cc cht c sp xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn l: A. (2), (3), (1), (4) B. (3), (2), (1), (4) C. (4), (1, (2), (3) D. (4), (1), (3), (2) Cu 14: Cho cc cht: ancol propylic (1), axit axetic (2), metyl fomiat (3), ancol

iso propylic (4), natri fomat (5). Cht c nhit si thp nht v cao nht tng ng l:

A. (1), (2) B. (4), (1) C. (3), (5) D. (3), (2) Cu 15: Dy cht no sau y c sp xp theo trt t nhit si tng dn? A. HCHO, CH3OH, H-COOH B. HCHO, HCOOH, CH3OH C. CH3OH, H-CHO, HCOOH D. HCOOH, HCHO, CH3OH. Cu 16: Cho cc cht: Etyl clorua (1), Etyl bromua (2), Etyl iotua (3). Cc cht

c sp xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn l: A. (1), (2), (3) B. (2), (3), (1) C. (3), (2), (1) D. (3), (1), (2) Cu 17: Cho cc cht: CH3COOH (1), CH2(Cl)COOH (2), CH2(Br)COOH (3),

CH2(I)COOH (4). Th t cc cht c sp xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn l:

A. (1), (2), (3), (4) B. (1), (4), (3), (2) C. (2), (3), (4), (1) D. (4), (3), (2), (1) Cu 18: Cho cc ancol: butylic (1), sec butylic (2), iso butylic (3), tert butylic (4).

Cht c nhit si cao nht l: A. (1) B. (2) C. (3) D. (4)

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


24

Cu 19: Cho cc hidrocacbon: Pentan (1), iso Pentan (2), neo Pentan (3). Cc cht c sp xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn:

A. (1), (2), (3) B. (3), (2), (1) C. (2), (1), (3) D. (3), (1), (2) Cu 20: Trong cc cht sau: CO2, SO2, C2H5OH, CH3COOH, H2O. Cht c nhit

si cao nht l: A. H2O. B. CH3COOH. C. C2H5OH. D. SO2. Cu 21: Cho s C2H6 (X) C2H5Cl (Y) C2H6O (Z) C2H4O2 (T) C2H3O2Na (G)

CH4 (F) Cht c nhit si cao nht l: A. (Z) B. (G) C. (T) D. (Y) Cu 22: Sp xp cc cht sau theo chiu nhit si tng dn: C2H5OH (1), C3H8

(2), C3H7OH (3), C3H7Cl (4), CH3COOH (5), CH3OH (6). A. (2), (4), (6), (1), (3), (5) B. (2), (4), (5), (6), (1), (3) C. (5), (3), (1), (6), (4), (2) D. (3), (4), (1), (5), (6), (2) Cu 23: Sp xp cc cht sau theo th t nhit si gim dn: ancol etylic (1),

metyl axetat (2), etyl amin (3), axit fomic (4), Natri fomiat (5). A. (1), (5), (3), (4), (2) B. (5), (4), (1), (3), (2) C. (2), (3), (1), (4), (5) D. (5), (2), (4), (1), (3) Cu 24: Cho cc cht: CH3NH2 (1), CH3OH (2), CH3Cl (3), HCOOH (4). Cc

cht trn c sp xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn l: A. (1), (2), (3), (4) B. (3), (2), (1), (4) C. (3), (1), (2), (4) D. (1), (3), (2), (4) Cu 25: Nhit si ca cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn. Trng hp

no di y l ng? A. C2H5Cl < CH3COOH < C2H5OH B. C2H5Cl < CH3COOCH3 < C2H5OH < CH3COOH C. CH3OH < CH3CH2COOH < NH3 < HCl D. HCOOH < CH3OH < CH3COOH < C2H5F Cu 26: Trong cc cht sau, cht no c nhit si thp nht? A. Propyl amin B. iso propyl amin C. Etyl metyl amin D. Trimetyl amin Cu 27: So snh nhit si ca cc cht sau: ancol etylic (1), Etyl clorua (2),

imetyl ete (3), axit axetic (4), phenol (5). A. 1 > 2 > 3 > 4 > 5 B. 4 > 5 > 3 > 2 > 1 C. 5 > 4 > 1 > 2 > 3 D. 4 > 1 > 5> 2 > 3 Cu 28: Sp xp cc cht sau theo th t gim dn nhit si: CH3COOH (1), HCOOCH3 (2), CH3CH2COOH (3), CH3COOCH3 (4), CH3CH2CH2OH (5). A. 3 > 5 > 1 > 2 > 4 B. 1 > 3 > 4 > 5 > 2 C. 3 > 1 > 4 > 5 > 2 D. 3 > 1 > 5 > 4 > 2

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


25

Cu 29: Sp xp cc cht sau theo th t gim dn nhit si: ancol etylic(1), etylclorua (2), imetyl ete (3) v axit axetic(4)?

A. (1)>(2)>(3)>(4) C. (4) >(1) >(2)>(3) B. (4)>(3)>(2)>(1) D. (1)>(4)>(2)>(3) Cu 30. Cho cc cht sau: (1) HCOOH, (2) CH3COOH, (3) C2H5OH, (4) C2H5Cl.

Cc cht c sp xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn l: A. (1) < (3) < (1) < (4) C. (2) < (4) < (3) < (1) B. (4) < (3) < (1) < (2) D. (3) < (2) < (1) < (4) Cu 31. Cho cc cht: CH3CH2CH2COOH (1), CH3CH2CH(Cl)COOH (2), CH3CH(Cl)CH2COOH

(3), CH2(Cl)CH2CH2COOH (4). Cc cht c sp xp theo chiu nhit si gim dn l: A. (1), (2), (3), (4). B. (4), (3), (2), (1). C. (2), (3), (4), (1). D. (1), (4), (3), (2). Cu 32: Trong s cc cht di y, cht c nhit si cao nht l: A. 3CH COOH B. 2 5C H OH C. 3HCOOCH D. 3CH CHO

BNG P N 01. C 02. C 03. B 04. C 05. A 06. B 07. B 08. D 09. B 10. B 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A 16. A 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. B 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. A

A. So snh tnh axitbazo a) Phng php so snh tnh axit So snh tnh axit ca 1 s hp cht hu c l so snh linh ng ca nguyn t H trong HCHC. Hp cht no c linh ng ca nguyn t H cng cao th tnh axit cng mnh. nh ngha linh ng ca nguyn t H (hidro): L kh nng phn ly ra ion H (+) ca hp cht hu c . linh ng ca nguyn t hidro ph thuc vo lc ht tnh in gia nguyn t lin kt vi hidro. V d: gc COOH gia oxi v hidro c mt lc ht tnh in OH. + nu mt e oxi nhiu th lc ht cng yu hidro cng kh tchtnh axit gim. + nu mt e oxi gim th lc ht s tng, d tch hidro hntnh axit tng. b) Nguyn tc: Th t u tin so snh. so snh ta xt xem cc hp cht hu c (HCHC) cng nhm chc cha nguyn t H linh ng (V d: OH, COOH...) hay khng.

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


26

* Nu cc hp cht hu c khng cng nhm chc th ta c tnh axit gim dn theo th t: Axit v c > Axit hu c > H2CO3 > Phenol > H2O > Ancol. * Nu cc hp cht hu c c cng nhm chc th ta phi xt xem gc hydrocacbon ca cc HCHC l gc y in t hay ht in t: + Nu cc HCHC lin kt vi cc gc y in t (hyrocacbon no) th linh ng ca nguyn t H hay tnh axit ca cc hp cht hu c gim. + Nu cc HCHC lin kt vi cc gc ht in t (hyrocacbon khng no, hyrocacbon thm) th linh ng ca nguyn t H hay tnh axit ca cc hp cht hu c tng. Ch : + Gc y e; gc hidrocacbon no (gc cng di cng phc tp, cng nhiu nhnh th tnh axit cng gim)/ V d: CH3COOH > CH3CH2COOH > CH3CH2CH2COOH > CH3CH(CH3)COOH + Gc ht e gm: gc hidrocacbon khng no, NO2, halogen, cht c m in cao + Gc HC c lin kt 3 > gc HC thm > gc HC cha lin kt i. F > Cl > Br > I .......... m in cng cao ht cng mnh. hiu thm cc bn theo di qua cc v d c th sau y: Cu 1: Cho cc cht sau C2H5OH(1), CH3COOH(2), CH2=CHCOOH (3),

C6H5OH(4), pCH3C6H4OH (5), C6H5CH2OH(6). Sp xp theo chiu tng dn linh ng ca nguyn t H trong nhm OH ca cc cht trn l:

A. (3), (6), (5), (4), (2), (1) B. (1), (5), (6), (4), (2), (3) C. (1), (6), (5), (4), (3), (2) D. (1), (6), (5), (4), (2), (3) Hng dn: Ta chia ra 3 nhm: Nhm a (ancol):1,6 Nhm b (phenol); 4,5 Nhm c (axit): 2,3 Theo th t u tin th tnh axit ca nhm a < nhm b < nhm c So snh gc ca tng nhm: Nhm a: (1) c gc C2H5 (hidro cacbon no) y e (6) c gc C6H5CH2 (c vng benzen khng no) ht e Do : (6) c hidro linh ng hn (1) hay tnh axit ca (1) < (6) Nhm b: 4,5 u c vng benzen ht e nhng do 5 c thm gc CH3 l gc y e nn lc ht ca 5 2

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


27

Tm li ta c tnh axit ca: 1 < 6 < 5 < 4 < 2 < 3 Chn p n D Cu 2: linh ng ca nguyn t H trong nhm OH ca cc cht C2H5OH, C6H5OH, H2O, HCOOH, CH3COOH tng dn theo th t no? A. C2H5OH < H2O < C6H5OH < HCOOH < CH3COOH. B. C2H5OH < H2O < C6H5OH < CH3COOH < HCOOH. C. CH3COOH < HCOOH < C6H5OH < C2H5OH < H2O. D. H2O < C6H5OH < C2H5OH < CH3COOH Hng dn: Nhm a: C2H5OH Nhm b: H2O Nhm c: C6H5OH Nhm d: HCOOH, CH3COOH Theo th t u tin v linh ng ta c a < b < c < d Vi nhm d: HCOOH lin kt vi gc H(khng y khng ht) CH3COOH lin kt vi gc CH3(y e) nn tnh axit CH3COOH < HCOOH. Vy: C2H5OH < H2O < C6H5OH < CH3COOH < HCOOH Chn p n B Cu 3: Cho cc cht sau: C

6H

5OH(1), pO

2NC

6H

4OH (2), CH3CH2CH2COOH

(3), CH3CH2COOH (4), CH3CHClCOOH (5), CH2ClCH2COOH (6), CH3CHFCOOH (7), H2O (8). Sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh axit: A. 8

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


28

BI TP RN LUYN Cu 1: Th t cc cht xp theo chiu tng dn lc axit l A. HCOOH

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


29

2) axit 2hiroxipropanoic (c trong sa chua) 3) axit 2hiroxibutanioic (c trong qu to). 4) axit 3hiroxibutanoic (c trong nc tiu ca ngi bnh tiu ng). 5) axit 2,3ihiroxibutanioic (c trong ru vang). Th t sp xp cc axit trn theo chiu tnh axit mnh dn t tri sang phi l: A. 2, 4, 5, 3, 1 B. 4, 2, 3, 5, 1 C. 4, 3, 2, 1, 5 D. 2, 3, 4, 5, 1 Cu 9: Sp xp cc hp cht sau theo th t tng dn tnh axit: axit axetic (1), axit monoflo axetic (2), axit monoclo axetic (3), axit monobrom axetic (4): A. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4) B. (1) < (4) < (3) < (2) C. (4) < (3) < (2) < (1) D. (2) < (3) < (4) < (1) Cu 10: Sp xp cc hp cht sau theo th t tng dn tnh axit: axit picric (1), phenol (2), pnitrophenol (3), pcresol (4): A. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4) B. (1) < (4) < (3) < (2) C. (4) < (3) < (2) < (1) D. (4) < (2) < (3) < (1) Cu 11: Sp xp cc hp cht sau theo th t tng dn tnh axit: CH3COOH (1); CH2=CHCOOH (2); C6H5COOH (3); CH3CH2COOH (4) A. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4) B. (4) < (1) < (3) < (2) C. (4) < (2) < (3) < (1) D. (4) < (3) < (2) < (1) Cu 12: Hy sp xp cc cht sau y theo th t tng dn tnh axit: etanol (1),

phenol (2), axit axetic (3), p-metylphenol (4), axit tricloaxetic (5), pnitrophenol (6) A. 1 < 4 < 2 < 6 2 B. 5 > 1 > 3 > 4 > 2 C. 1 > 5 > 4 > 2 > 3 D. 5 > 4 > 1 > 2 > 3 Cu 16: Trong cc axit sau, axit c tnh axit mnh nht l:

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


30

A. 2 6 4O N C H C H OO B. CH3COOH

C. ( )2 6 3 2O N C H C H OO D. HCOOH Cu 17: Cho cc cht: CH2ClCOOH (a); CH3COOH (b); C6H5OH (c); H2CO3(d); H2SO4 (e). Tnh axit ca cc cht gim theo trt t: A. e > b > d > c > a B. e > a > b > d > c C. e > b > a > d > c D. e > a > b > c > d Cu 18: Xt cc cht: (I): Axit axetic; (II): Phenol; (III): Glixerol; (IV): Axit

fomic; (V): Ancol metylic; (VI): Nc; (VII): Axit propionic. mnh tnh axit cc cht tng dn nh sau:

A. (V) < (III) < (VI) < (II) < (VII) < (I) < (IV) B. (VI) < (V) < (III) < (II) < (VII) < (I) < (IV) C. (V) < (VI) < (II) < (III) < (VII) < (I) < (IV) D. (V) < (VI) < (III) < (II) < (VII) < (I) < (IV) Cu 19: So snh tnh axit ca cc axit sau:

(1) CH2ClCHClCOOH; (2) CH3CHClCOOH; (3) HCOOH; (4) CCl3COOH; (5) CH3COOH.

A. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4) < (5) B. (4) < (1) < (2) < (3) < (5) C. (5) < (3) < (1) < (2) < (4) D. (5) < (3) < (2) < (1) < (4) Cu 20: Axit no trong s cc axit sau c tnh axit mnh nht? A. CH2FCH2COOH B. CH3CCl2COOH C. CH3CHFCOOH D. CH3CF2COOH

P N

1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. D 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. D 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. D

B. So snh tnh baz Nguyn nhn gy ra tnh baz ca cc amin l do trn nguyn t N cn mt cp e t do c th nhng cho proton H+ * Mi yu t lm tng linh ng ca cp e t do s lm cho tnh baz tng v ngc li. + Nu R l gc y e s lm tng mt e trn N tnh baz tng. + Nu R l gc ht e s lm gim mt e trn N tnh baz gim. + Amin bc 3 kh kt hp vi proton H+ do s n ng khng gian ca nhiu nhm R cn tr s tn cng ca H+ vo nguyn t N nn trong dung mi H2O (phn cc) nu cng s cacbon th amin bc 3< amin bc 2 > amin bc 1 + V d tnh baz ca (CH3)2NH > CH3NH2 > (CH3)3N; (C2H5)2NH > (C2H5)3N > C2H5NH2 Ch : RONa > NaOH,KOH... vi R l gc hidrocacbon no nh (CH3ONa, C2H5ONa...)

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


31

hiu thm cc bn theo di qua cc v d c th sau y: Cu 1: Cho cc cht: (C6H5)2NH, NH3, (CH3)2NH, C6H5NH2. Trt t tng dn

tnh baz (theo chiu t tri qua phi) ca 5 cht trn l: A. (C6H5)2NH; C6H5NH2; NH3; (CH3)2NH B. (CH3)2NH; (C6H5)2NH; NH3; C6H5NH2 C. C6H5NH2; (C6H5)2NH; NH3; (CH3)2NH D. NH3; (C6H5)2NH; C6H5NH2; (CH3)2NH Hng dn: + (CH3)2NH cCH3 l gc y lm tng mt e ti N kh nng nhn H+

tng c tnh baz mnh nht. + NH3 c nhm NH2 lin kt vi H(gc khng ht khng y). + C6H5NH2 c NH2 lin kt vi 1 gc C6H5 (gc ht) lm gim mt e ti

N nn tnh baz s yu hn. + (C6H5)2NH c NH lin kt vi 2 gc C6H5 nn lc ht cng mnh mt e

gim c tnh baz yu nht. Chn p n A

Cu 2: Cho cc cht sau: pNO2C6H4NH2(1), pClC6H5NH2(2), pCH3C6H5NH2(3). Tnh baz tng dn theo dy: A. (1) < (2) < (3) B. (2) < (1) < (3) C. (1) < (3) < (2) D. (3) < (2) < (1) Hng dn: C 3 u c gc C6H5 (gc ht e) nhng (3) c thm 1 gc CH3 (y e) nn (3)

c tnh baz mnh nht (1) v (2) u c thm gc ht e l NO2 v Cl nhng lc ht ca Cl < NO2 1 < 2

Chn p n A Cu 3:Dy no sau y c sp xp theo chiu tng tnh baz? A. C2H5ONa, NaOH, NH3, C6H5NH2, CH3C6H4NH2, CH3NH2 B. C6H5NH2, CH3C6H4NH2, NH3,CH3NH2, C2H5ONa, NaOH C. NH3, C6H5NH2, CH3C6H4NH2, CH3NH2, C2H5ONa, NaOH D. C6H5NH2, CH3C6H4NH2, NH3, CH3NH2, NaOH, C2H5ONa Hng dn: Ta chia thnh cc nhm d so snh Nhm 1: NaOH, C2H5ONa Nhm 2: C6H5NH2,CH3C6H4NH2, NH3,CH3NH2 Theo th t u tin ta lun c: Tnh baz ca nhm 1 > nhm 2 Vi nhm 1: Theo lu trn th C2H5ONa > NaOH Vi nhm 2: CH3NH2 c gc CH3 y e mnh nht (gc hidrocacbon cng di cng

phc tp th y cng mnh). NH3 khng c nhm ht v nhm y NH3 nh hn CH3NH2 v ln hn

2 cht kia. CH3C6H4NH2 c thm 1 gc CH3 y e c tnh baz mnh hn

C6H5NH2 (ch cha nhm ht). Chn p n D

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


32

BI TP RN LUYN

Cu 1: mnh baz xp theo th t tng dn ng trong dy no? A. CH3NH2, NH3, C2H5NH2, C6H5NH2 B. NH3,CH3NH2, C2H5NH2, C6H5NH2 C. NH3,C6H5NH2, CH3NH2, C2H5NH2 D. C6H5NH2, NH3, CH3NH2, C2H5NH2 Cu 2: Cho cc cht sau: C6H5NH2(1); C2H5NH2(2); (C2H5)2NH (3); NaOH (4); NH3(5) Trt t tng dn tnh baz (t tri qua phi) ca 5 cht trn l: A. (1), (5), (2), (3), (4) B. (1), (2), (5), (3), (4) C. (1), (5), (3), (2), (4) D. (2), (1), (3), (5), (4) Cu 3: Hy sp xp cc cht sau y theo trnh t tnh baz tng dn t tri sang phi: amoniac, anilin, pnitroanilin, metylamin, imetylamin. A. O2NC6H4NH2< C6H5NH2< NH3< CH3NH2< (CH3)2NH B. C6H5NH2 < O2NC6H4NH2< NH3< CH3NH2< (CH3)2NH C. O2NC6H4NH2< C6H5NH2< CH3NH2< NH3< (CH3)2NH D. O2NC6H4NH2< NH3< C6H5NH2< CH3NH2< (CH3)2NH Cu 4: Sp xp cc amin: anilin (1), metyl amin(2), imetyl amin(3) v trimetyl amin (4) theo chiu tng dn tnh baz: A. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4) B. (4) < (1) < (3) < (2) C. (1) < (2) < (4) < (3) D. (1) < (4) < (3) < (2) Cu 5: Nguyn nhn gy nn tnh baz ca amin l: A. Do amin tan nhiu trong H2O. B. Do phn t amin b phn cc mnh. C. Do nguyn t N c m in ln nn cp e chung ca nguyn t N v H b ht v pha N. D. Do nguyn t N cn cp eletron t do nn phn t amin c th nhn proton. Cu 6: Cho cc cht sau: CH3CH2NHCH3(1), CH3CH2CH2NH2(2), (CH3)3N (3). Tnh baz tng dn theo dy: A. (1) < (2) < (3) B. (2) < (3) < (1) C. (3) < (2) < (1) D. (3) < (1) < (2) Cu 7: Cho cc cht: natri hiroxit (1), imetylamin (2), etylamin (3), natri etylat

(4), pmetylanilin (5), amoniac (6), anilin (7), pnitroanilin (8), natri metylat (9), metylamin (10).

Th t gim dn lc baz l: A. (4), (9), (1), (2), (3), (10), (5), (6), (7), (8) B. (4), (9), (1), (2), (3), (10), (6), (5), (7), (8) C. (1), (4), (9), (2), (3), (10), (6), (5), (8), (7) D. (9), (4), (1), (2), (3), (10), (6), (5), (7), (8) Cu 8: Cho cc cht imetylamin(1), metylamin(2), amoniac(3), anilin (4), p metylanilin (5), pnitroanilin (6). Tnh baz tng dn theo th t l: A. (3), (2), (1), (4), (5), (6) B. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) C. (6), (4), (5), (3), (2), (1) D. (6), (5), (4), (3), (2), (1)

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


33

Cu 9: Cho cc dung dch c cng nng mol/lt sau: NH4Cl, CH3NH3Cl, (CH3)2NH2Cl, C6H5NH3Cl. Dung dch c pH ln nht l: A. NH4Cl B. CH3NH3Cl C. (CH3)2NH2Cl D. C6H5NH3Cl Cu 10: So snh tnh baz ca cc cht sau: (a) C6H5NH2; (b) CH3NH2; (c) CH3C6H4NH2; (d) O2NC6H4NH2 A. b > c > a > d B. b > c > d > a C. a > b > d > c D. a> b > c > d Cu 11: Cho cc cht: amoniac (1); anilin (2); pnitroanilin (3); pmetylanilin (4); metylamin (5); imetylamin (6). Th t tng dn lc baz ca cc cht l: A. (3) < (2) < (4) < (1) < (5) < (6) B. (2) < (3) < (4) < (1) < (5) < (6) C. (2) > (3) > (4) > (1) > (5) > (6) D. (3) < (1) < (4) < (2) < (5) < (6) Cu 12: Cht no c lc baz mnh nht? A. CH3NH2 B. (CH3)2CHNH2 C. CH3NHCH3 D. (CH3)3N

BNG P N

1. D 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. A 11. A 12. C 1.3 n luyn tng hp

N TP KIM TRA TNG HP S 1 Cu 1: C cc dung dch ring bit sau: NaCl, AgNO3, Pb(NO3)2, NH4NO3,

ZnCl2, CaCl2, CuSO4, FeCl2. Khi sc kh H2S vo cc dung dch trn, s trng hp sinh ra kt ta l:

A. 6 B. 5 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 2: Cho cc phn ng sau:

(1) CaOCl2 + 2HCl c CaCl2 + Cl2 + H2O (2) NH4Cl NH3 + HCl (3) NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O (4) FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S (5) Cl2 + 2NaBr 2NaCl + Br2 (6) C + CO2 2CO

S phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi ha kh l: A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 3 Cu 3: Cho dy cc cht sau y: Cl2, KH2PO4, C3H8O3, CH3COONa, HCOOH, NH3, Mg(OH)2, C6H6, NH4Cl. S cht in li trong dy l: A. 4 B. 6 C. 3 D. 5 Cu 4: Cho dy cc cht: Al2O3, NaHCO3, K2CO3, CrO3, Zn(OH)2, Sn(OH)2, AlCl3. S cht trong dy c tnh cht lng tnh l: A. 7 B. 5 C. 4 D. 6 Cu 5: Cho cc cht: NaHCO3, CO, Al(OH)3, Fe(OH)3, HF, Cl2, NH4Cl. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long nhit thng l: A. 4 B. 5 C. 3 D. 6

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


34

Cu 6:Cho dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 ln lt vo cc dung dch: CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, NaOH, Na2CO3, KHSO4, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, H2SO4, HCl. S trng hp c to ra kt ta l:

A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 Cu 7: Cho cc cht sau: axetilen, etilen, benzen, buta1,3ien, stiren, toluen, anlyl benzen, naphtalen. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch nc brom l: A. 6 B. 3 C. 5 D. 4 Cu 8: Cho dy cc cht: HCHO, CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5, HCOOH, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3. S cht trong dy c th tham gia phn ng trng bc l: A. 3 B. 6 C. 4 D. 5 Cu 9: Cho cc pht biu sau:

(1) Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn th bn knh nguyn t gim dn. (2) Trong mt nhm A, theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn th m in tng dn. (3) Lin kt ha hc gia mt kim loi nhm IA v mt phi kim nhm VIIA lun l lin kt ion. (4) Nguyn t N trong HNO3 cng ha tr l 5. (5) S oxi ha ca Cr trong K2Cr2O7 l +6. S pht biu ng l: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

Cu 10: Cho cc cht: Cu, Mg, FeCl2, Fe3O4. C my cht trong s cc cht tc dng c vi dd cha Mg(NO3)2 v H2SO4?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 3 Cu 11: Cho cc phn ng sau: (1) 2Fe + 3I2 2FeI3 (2) 3Fe(d) + 8HNO3 (long) 3Fe(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O

(3)AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag (4) Mg(HCO3)2 + 2Ca(OH)2 (d) 2CaCO3 + Mg(OH)2 + 2H2O

(5) 2AlCl3 + 3Na2CO3 Al2(CO3)3 + 6NaCl (6) FeO + 2HNO3 (l) Fe(NO3)2 + H2O

(7) ( ) + + +t l mol 1:13 2 3 2NaHCO Ca OH CaCO NaOH H O Nhng phn ng ng l: A. (2), (3), (5), (7) B. (1), (2), (4), (6), (7) C. (1), (2), (3), (4), (7) D. (2), (3), (4), (7) Cu 12: Cho cc cht: KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, MnO2 c cng s mol ln lt phn

ng vi dd HCl c d. Cc cht to ra lng kh Cl2 (cng iu kin) theo chiu tng dn t tri qua phi l:

A. MnO2; K2Cr2O7; KMnO4 B. MnO2; KMnO4; K2Cr2O7

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


35

C. K2Cr2O7; MnO2; KMnO4 D. KMnO4; MnO2; K2Cr2O7 Cu 13: Cho cc phn t (1) MgO; (2) Al2O3; (3) SiO2; (4) P2O5. phn cc

ca chng c sp xp theo chiu tng dn t tri qua phi l: A. (3), (2), (4), (1) B. (1), (2), (3), (4) C. (4), (3), (2), (1) D. (2), (3), (1), (4) Cu 14: Dy gm cc cht c xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn t tri sang

phi l: A. C3H8, CH3COOH, C3H7OH, HCOOCH3 B. C3H8, HCOOCH3, C3H7OH, CH3COOH C. C3H7OH, C3H8, CH3COOH, HCOOCH3 D. C3H8, C3H7OH, HCOOCH3, CH3COOH Cu 15: Cho cc pht biu sau: (a) Kim loi kim u c cu trc lp phng tm khi v nhit nng chy

tng dn t Li n Cs. (b) Vn dng phn ng gia bt nhm v st oxit (hn hp tecmit) hn

ng ray. (c) Trong nhm IA, t Li n Cs, kh nng phn ng vi nc gim dn. (d) C th iu ch Ba, Ca, Mg bng cch in phn nng chy mui clorua

tng ng ca chng. (e) Tt c cc mui cacbonat u km bn vi nhit. (f) Tt c dung dch mui ca kim loi kim, kim th u c pH > 7. S pht biu khng ng l: A. 3 B. 5 C. 4 D. 2 Cu 16: Thc hin cc th nghim sau: (a) Nung NH4NO3 rn. (b) Cho Mg tc dng vi dd HNO3 long, d (c) Cho CaOCl2 vo dung dch HCl c. (d) Sc kh CO2 vo dd Na2CO3 (d). (e) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch H2S. (g) Cho dung dch KHSO4 vo dung dch NaHCO3. (h) Cho Cu vo dung dch HCl (long). (i) Cho t t Na2CO3 vo dung dch HCl. S th nghim chc chn sinh ra cht kh l: A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 Cu 17: Thc hin cc th nghim sau: (a) Cho Al vo dung dch FeCl3 d. (b) Cho kim loi Na vo dung dch CuSO4. (c) Cho dung dch AgNO3 vo dung dch Fe(NO3)2. (d) Cho dung dch Ba(NO3)2 vo dung dch KHSO4. (e) Cho dung dch NaAlO2 vo dung dch HCl d. (f) Cho dung dch NaHCO3 vo dung dch BaCl2. Sau khi kt thc phn ng, s trng hp xut hin kt ta l: A. 4 B. 2 C. 5 D. 3

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


36

Cu 18: Cho cc cht: Na2CO3, Na3PO4, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, HCl, K2CO3. S cht c th lm mm nc cng tm thi l: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Cu 19: Cacbon c th kh bao nhiu cht trong s cc cht sau: Al2O3; CO2; Fe3O4; ZnO; H2O; SiO2; MgO A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 3 Cu 20: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:

(a) Cho Al vo dung dch H2SO4 c ngui. (b) Cho Fe(NO3)2 vo dung dch AgNO3. (c) Cho Na vo dd CuSO4. (d) Cho Au vo dung dch HNO3 c nng. (e) Cl2 vo nc javen . (f) Pb vo dung dch H2SO4 long. Trong cc th nghim trn, s th nghim xy ra phn ng l:

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Cu 21: Cho dy cc cht: phenyl axetat, anlyl axetat, etyl axetat, metyl

acrylat , tripanmitin, vinyl axetat. S cht trong dy khi thy phn trong dung dch NaOH long(d), un nng sinh ra ancol l:

A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3 Cu 22: Nguyn t X chu k 2, trong hp cht kh vi H c dng XH2. Pht biu no sau y v X l khng ng? A. X c 2 e c thn B. X c in ha tr trong hp cht vi Na l 2 C. Hp cht XH2 cha lin kt cng ha tr phn cc D. X c s oxi ha cao nht l +6 Cu 23: A c cng thc phn t C7H8O. Khi phn ng vi dd Br2 d to thnh sn phm B c MB MA=237.S cht A tha mn l: A. 1 B. 4 C. 2 D. 5 Cu 24: Thc hin cc th nghim sau: (1) Th mt inh Fe vo dung dch HCl. (2) Th mt inh Fe vo dung dch Cu(NO3)2. (3) Th mt inh Fe vo dung dch FeCl3. (4) Ni mt dy Ni vi mt dy Fe ri trong khng kh m. (5) t mt dy Fe trong bnh kn cha y kh O2. (6) Th mt inh Fe vo dung dch cha CuSO4 v H2SO4 long. Trong cc th nghim trn th th nghim m Fe khng b n mn in ha hc l A. (2), (4), (6). B. (1), (3), (5). C. (1), (3), (4), (5). D. (2), (3), (4), (6). Cu 25: Cho cc pht biu sau:

(1) Teflon, thy tinh hu c, poli propilen v t capron c iu ch t phn ng trng hp cc monome tng ng. (2) Nha novolac v nha rezit u c cu trc mch khng phn nhnh.

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


37

(3) Nilon6, vinylclorua, poli (vinyl axetat) v benzylpropanoat u b thy phn khi tc dng vi dd NaOH long, un nng. (4) Bng, t visco, t tm v thuc sng khng khi u c ngun gc t xenluloz. (5) C th dng dung dch HCl nhn bit cc cht lng v dung dch: ancol etylic, benzen, anilin, natriphenolat. (6) Hm lng glucoz khng i trong mu ngi l 0,1%, mui mononatri glutamat l thnh phn chnh ca bt ngt. (7) Dng nc v Cu(OH)2 phn bit triolein, etylen glycol v axit axetic.

S pht biu ng l: A. 4 B. 5 C. 3 D. 6 Cu 26: Cho cc cht: Al2O3, Ca(HCO3)2, (NH4)2CO3, CH3COONH4, NaHSO4, axit glutamic, Sn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2. S cht lng tnh l: A. 8 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 Cu 27: Cho cc th nghim sau:

(1) Oxi ha hon ton etanol (xc tc men gim, nhit ). (2) Sc kh SO2 qua dung dch nc brom. (3) Cho cacbon tc dng vi H2SO4 c, nng. (4) Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch nc brom. (5) Cho metanol qua CuO, un nng. (6) in phn dung dch Cu(NO3)2 vi in cc dng bng ng, in cc m bng thp.

S th nghim c axit sinh ra l: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Cu 28: Pht biu no sau y ng? A. Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch cha mui CrO2 trong mi trng kim to dung dch c mu da cam. B. Trong mi trng axit, Zn c th kh c Cr3+ thnh Cr. C. Mt s cht v c v hu c nh S, P, C, C2H5OH bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3. D. Cho dung dch H2SO4 long vo dung dch Na2CrO4, dung dch chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng. Cu 29: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau: (a) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO4

long.

(b) Cho ancol etylic phn ng vi Na (c) Cho metan phn ng vi Cl2 (as) (d) Cho dung dch glucoz vo AgNO3/NH3

d, un nng.

(e) Cho AgNO3 d tc dng vi dd FeCl2 Trong cc th nghim trn, s th nghim c xy ra phn ng oxi ha kh l A. 4. B. 5. C. 3. D. 2. Cu 30: Loi qung no sau y khng ph hp vi tn gi?

A. Cacnalit (KCl.MgCl2.6H2O)

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


38

B. Xinvinit NaCl.KCl C. Apatit (3Ca3(PO4)2.CaF2) D. Cao lanh (3Mg.2SiO2.2H2O) Cu 31: Cho cc phng trnh phn ng (1) C4H10 + F2

(2) AgNO3 0t

(3) H2O2 + KNO2 (4) in phn dung dch NaNO3 (5) Mg + FeCl3 d (6) H2S + dd Cl2. S phn ng to ra n cht l: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Cu 32: Cho cc cp cht phn ng vi nhau (1) Li + N2 (2) Hg + S (3) NO + O2 (4) Mg + N2 (5) H2 + O2 (6) Ca + H2O (7) Cl2(k) + H2(k) (8) Ag + O3 S phn ng xy ra nhit thng l: A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 Cu 33: Cu(OH)2 phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y ( iu

kin thch hp)? A. (C6H10O5)n; C2H4(OH)2; CH2=CHCOOH B. CH3CHO; C3H5(OH)3; CH3COOH. C. Fe(NO3)3, CH3COOC2H5, anbumin (lng trng trng). D. NaCl, CH3COOH; C6H12O6. Cu 34: Cho cc nguyn t X (Z = 11); Y(Z = 13); T(Z=17). Nhn xt no sau y

l ng? A. Bn knh ca cc nguyn t tng ng tng dn theo chiu tng ca s hiu Z. B. Cc hp cht to bi X vi T v Y vi T u l hp cht ion. C. Nguyn t cc nguyn t X, Y, T trng thi c bn u c 1 electron c thn. D. Oxit v hiroxit ca X, Y, T u l cht lng tnh. Cu 35: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:

(a) Nung NH4NO3 rn. (b) un nng NaCl tinh th vi dung dch H2SO4 (c). (c) Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch NaHCO3. (d) Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d). (e) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch KMnO4. (g) Cho dung dch KHSO4 vo dung dch NaHCO3. (h) Cho PbS vo dung dch HCl (long). (i) Cho Na2SO3 vo dung dch H2SO4 (d), un nng.

S th nghim sinh ra cht kh l: A. 4 B. 2 C. 6 D. 5

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


39

Cu 36: Ngi ta m t hin tng thu c mt s th nghim nh sau: 1. Cho Br2 vo dung dich phenol xut hin kt ta mu trng. 2. Cho qu tm vo dung dch phenol, qu chuyn mu . 3. Cho phenol vo dung dch NaOH d, ban u phn lp, sau to dung dch ng nht. 4. Thi kh CO2 qua dung dch natri phenolat xut hin vn c mu trng. S th nghim c m t ng l: A. 4 B. 2 C. 1 D. 3 Cu 37: Cho dy cc cht: N2, H2, NH3, NaCl, HCl, H2O. S cht trong dy m phn t ch cha lin kt cng ha tr phn cc l: A. 5 B. 6 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 38: Cho s phn ng sau:

But1en + HClX o+NaOHtY2 4o

H SO c

t

a Z 2+ BrT o+NaOHtK

Bit X, Y, Z, T, K u l sn phm chnh ca tng giai on. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca K l

A. CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3. B. CH2(OH)CH2CH2CH2OH. C. CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3. D. CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2OH. Cu 39: Cho cc nhn xt v phn bn: (1) dinh dng ca Supephotphat kp cao hn Supephotphat n. (2) Phn kali c nh gi theo % khi lng ca K tng ng vi lng kali c trong thnh phn ca n. (3) iu ch phn Kali t qung apatit. (4) Trn ure v vi trc lc bn s tng hiu qu s dng. (5) Phn m amoni lm cho t chua thm. (6) Nitrophotka l hn hp ca NH4H2PO4 v KNO3. S nhn xt ng l: A. 4 B. 2 C. 5 D. 3 Cu 40: Cho dy cc cht: C6H5OH, C6H5NH2, H2NCH2COOH, C2H5COOH, CH3CH2CH2NH2. S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 4 Cu 41: Nhit phn cc mui: KClO3, KNO3, NaHCO3, Ca(HCO3)2, KMnO4,

Fe(NO3)2, AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2 n khi to thnh cht rn c khi lng khng i, thu c bao nhiu oxit kim loi?

A. 4 B. 6 C. 5 D. 3 Cu 42: Cho cc cht: NaOH, NaCl, Cu, HCl, NH3, Zn, Cl2, AgNO3. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch Fe(NO3)2 l A. 5 B. 6 C. 4 D. 7 Cu 43: Cho cc cht sau: C2H5OH, C6H5OH, dung dch C6H5NH3Cl, dung dch

NaOH, axit CH3COOH. Cho tng cp cht tc dng vi nhau c xc tc thch hp, s cp cht c phn ng xy ra l:

A. 5 B. 6 C. 4 D. 3

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


40

Cu 44: C cc quy trnh sn xut cc cht nh sau:

(1) 2CH4 01500 C C2H2 + 3H2

(2) C6H6 C H ,H2 4 + C6H5C2H5

oxt,t C6H5CH=CH2

(3) (C6H10O5)n o+ H O, men , t2 C6H12O6

omen , tC2H5OH

(4) CH3OH + CO oxt,t CH3COOH

(5) CH2=CH2 o O , xt,t2+ CH3CHO

C bao nhiu quy trnh sn xut trn l quy trnh sn xut cc cht trong cng nghip

A. 5. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3. Cu 45: Pht biu no sau y khng ng? A. O3 c tnh oxi ha mnh hn O2. B. Mui AgI khng tan trong nc, mun AgF tan trong nc. C. Na2CO3 l nguyn liu quan trng trong cng nghip sn xut thy tinh. D. Cc nguyn t m nguyn t c 1,2,3,4 electron lp ngoi cng u l kim loi Cu 46:Trong cc pht biu sau, c bao nhiu pht biu ng? (a) Cho dung dch KMnO4 tc dng vi dung dch HF (c) thu c kh F2. (b) Dng phng php sunfat iu ch c: HF, HCl, HBr, HI. (c) Amophot (hn hp cc mui NH4H2PO4v (NH4)2HPO4) l phn phc hp. (d) Trong phng th nghim, kh CO c iu ch bng cch cho H2SO4 c vo axit fomic v un nng. A. 1. B. 3. C. 2. D. 4. Cu 47: Cho cc phn ng sau:

MnO2 + HCl (c) 0t Kh X + ... (1)

Na2SO3 + H2SO4 (c) 0tKh Y + ... (2)

NH4Cl + NaOH 0t Kh Z + ... (3)

NaCl (r) + H2SO4 (c) 0tKh G + ... (4)

Cu + HNO3 (c) 0t Kh E + ... (5)

FeS + HCl 0t Kh F + ... (6)

Nhng kh tc dng c vi NaOH (trong dung dch) iu kin thng l: A. X, Y, Z, G. B. X, Y, G. C. X, Y, G, E, F. D. X, Y, Z, G, E, F. Cu 48: Cho cc cht n chc c cng thc phn t C3H6O2 ln lt phn ng vi Na, NaOH, NaHCO3. S phn ng xy ra l: A. 4. B. 6. C. 3. D. 5.

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


41

Cu 49: C 6 hn hp kh c nh s (1) CO2, SO2, N2, HCl. (2) Cl2, CO, H2S, O2. (3) HCl, CO, N2, NH3 (4) H2, HBr, CO2, SO2. (5) O2, CO, N2, H2, NO. (6) F2, O2; N2; HF. C bao nhiu hn hp kh khng tn ti c iu kin thng? A. 2. B. 5. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 50: Cho cc cht: C2H4(OH)2, CH2OHCH2CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2OH,

C3H5(OH)3, (COOH)2, CH3COCH3, CH2(OH)CHO. C bao nhiu cht u phn ng c vi Na v Cu(OH)2 nhit thng?

A. 5. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3. BNG P N

01. C 02. A 03. D 04. C 05. B 06. C 07. C 08. A 09. B 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. C 16. B 17. D 18. D 19. B 20. B 21. C 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. D 37. C 38. C 39. B 40. A 41. A 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. C 48. D 49. C 50. D

P N V LI GII CHI TIT Cu 1: Chn p n C S trng hp sinh ra kt ta l: AgNO3, Pb(NO3)2, CuSO4.

Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra: 3 2 2 32AgNO H S Ag S 2HNO+ +

2 3 2 3H S Pb(NO ) PbS 2HNO+ +

2 4 2 4H S CuSO C SO+ uS +H Ch : FeS, ZnS tan trong dung dch axit long nh HCl, H2SO4 cho sn phm l H2S.

Cu 2: Chn p n A Cc phn ng c s thay i s oxi ha ca cc nguyn t l phn ng oxi ha kh. Gm: (1) CaOCl2 + 2HCl c CaCl2 + Cl2 + H2O (3) NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O (5) Cl2 + 2NaBr 2NaCl + Br2 (6) C + CO2 2CO

Cu 3: Chn p n D Cc em ch : Cht in ly vi cht tan c trong nc to thnh dung dch dn c in trong nhiu trng hp l khc nhau. V d Na, Cl2, NH3 khng l cht in ly, nhng cc cht ny tc dng vi nc to thnh cht in ly tng ng nh NaOH, HCl, HClO, NH4OH ... Cht in ly mnh l cht khi cc phn t tan trong nc th phn ly hon ton do cc cht nh BaSO4, CaCO3 l cc cht in ly mnh!

Vy cc cht in ly bao gm: KH2PO4, CH3COONa, HCOOH, Mg(OH)2, NH4Cl.

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


42

Cu 4: Chn p n C

Ch : Cht lng tnh nhiu trng hp l khc vi cht va tc dng vi axit va tc dng vi kim.V d Al, Zn khng phi cht lng tnh. S cht trong dy c tnh cht lng tnh l: Al2O3, NaHCO3, Zn(OH)2, Sn(OH)2.

Cu 5: Chn p n B S cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long nhit thng l NaHCO3, Al(OH)3, HF, Cl2, NH4Cl. Cc phn ng:

3 2 2H HCO CO H O+ + +

( ) 2 23Al OH OH AlO 2H O + +

2HF NaOH N H O+ +aF ot thng

2 2Cl 2NaOH NaCl NaClO H O+ + +

4 3 2NH Cl NaOH N NH H O+ + +aCl Cu 6: Chn p n C

S trng hp c to ra kt ta l: NaOH, Na2CO3, KHSO4, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, H2SO4. Cc phn ng: (1) 2 2 23 3 2 3 3OH HCO CO H O Ba CO BaCO

+ + + +

(2) 2 23 3Ba CO BaCO+ +

(3,4,6) 2 24 4Ba SO B O+ + aS

(5) 2 2 3 3 3 2Ca Ba 2HCO 2OH CaCO BaCO 2H O+ + + + + + +

Cu 7: Chn p n C Cc cht c th tc dng vi nc brom c th l: Cht c lin kt khng bn ngoi nhm chc, xicloankan vi 3 cnh, cht c chc nhm CHO, phenol, anilin. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch nc brom l: axetilen, etilen, buta1,3ien, stiren, anlyl benzen.

Cu 8: Chn p n A S cht trong dy c th tham gia phn ng trng bc l: HCHO, HCOOH, HCOOCH3.

Cu 9: Chn p n B (1) ng. in tch tng dn sc ht gia lp v v ht nhn tng bn knh gim dn. (2) Sai. Tnh kim loi tng dn m in gim dn. (3) ng. Lin kt gia kim loi mnh v phi kim mnh lun c hiu m in > 1,7. (4) Sai. Nguyn t N trong HNO3 cng ha tr l 4 (l ha tr cao nht ca nit). (5) ng.

Cu 10: Chn p n C

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


43

C 4 cht u c kh nng tc dng theo phn ng oxi ha kh dng:

3 24H NO 3e NO 2H O+ + + +

Ngoi ra, c th c cc phn ng ph khc nh vi Fe3O4 hoc c th cho cc sn phm kh khc ty thuc vo iu kin phn ng.

Cu 11: Chn p n D Ch : Khng tn ti mui FeI3. Do , c th hiu l: Fe + I2 FeI2 Cu 12: Chn p n B

Ta c th t duy nh sau: Cl2 thot ra cng nhiu khi s oxi ha ca cc nguyn t thay i cng ln. Nhn thy: MnO2 thay i 2 t +4 xung +2 KMnO4 thay i 5 t +7 xung +2 K2Cr2O7 thay i 6 t +6.2 xung +3.2

Cu 13: Chn p n C phn cc tng khi hiu m in gia cc nguyn t tng. Cu 14: Chn p n B

Ngi ta cn c theo khi lng phn t v lin kt hidro so snh nhit si. Trong lin kt hidro tri hn.

Cu 15: Chn p n C (a) Sai. Nhit nng chy gim dn t Li n Cs. (b) ng. Theo SGK lp 12. (c) Sai. Tnh kh tng dn nn kh nng phn ng vi nc tng dn. (d) ng. (e) Sai. Cc mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim nh Na2CO3, K2CO3 rt bn vi nhit. (f) Sai. Cc mui nh CaCl2, NaNO3 c pH = 7 (mi trng trung tnh)

Cu 16: Chn p n B

(a) Chc chn c: 0t

4 3 2 2NH NO N O 2H O + (b) Khng chc v sn phm c th l NH4NO3. (c) Chc chn c: 2 2 2 2+ + +CaOCl 2HCl CaCl Cl H O (d) Khng c v Na2CO3 d: 2 2 3 2 3CO Na CO H O 2NaHCO+ + (e) Khng c: 2 2 2SO 2H S 3S 2H O+ +

(g) Chc chn c: 3 2 2H HCO CO H O+ + +

(h) Khng c phn ng. (i) Chc chn c: 2 3 2 2Na CO 2HCl 2NaCl CO H O+ + +

Cu 17: Chn p n D (a) Khng c 3 2 3Al 3Fe 3Fe Al+ + ++ +

(b) C 2H O Cu2

2Na NaOH Cu(OH)+

(c) C 2 3Fe Ag Fe Ag+ + ++ + (d) C 2 24 4Ba SO B O

+ + aS

(e) Khng HCl HCl2 3 3N lO Al(OH) AlCl aA (f) Khng c phn ng xy ra

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


44

Cu 18: Chn p n D

Mun lm mm nc ta lm cho cc ion Ca2+ hoc Mg2+ bin mt khi dung dch mui. Vy cc cht tha mn l: Na2CO3, Na3PO4, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, K2CO3

Cu 19: Chn p n B Cacbon c th kh c CO2; Fe3O4; ZnO; H2O; SiO2.

(1) 0t

2C CO 2CO+

(2) 0t

3 4 22C Fe O 2CO 3Fe+ +

(3) 0t

2C 2ZnO CO 2ZnO+ +

(4) o ot t

2 2 2 2 2C H O CO H C 2H O CO 2H+ + + +

(5) ot+ +2SiO 2C Si 2CO

Cu 20: Chn p n B Cc th nghim a, d, f, khng c phn ng xy ra:

(c) 2H O Cu2

2Na NaOH Cu(OH)+

(b) 2 3Fe Ag Fe Ag+ + ++ + (c) 2 2Cl NaClO H O NaCl 2HClO+ + +

Cu 21: Chn p n C Cc cht tha mn gm: anlyl axetat, etyl axetat, metyl acrylat, tripanmitin,

(1) 3 6 5 3 6 56 5 6 5 2

CH C C H NaOH CH C Na C H OHC H OH NaOH C H ONa H O

+ + + +

OO OO

(2) 3 2 2 3 2 2CH C CH CH CH NaOH CH C Na CH CH CH OH = + + = OO OO (3) 3 2 5 3 3 2CH C C H NaOH CH C Na CH CH OH+ +OO OO (4) 2 3 3 2 3 3C H C CH NaOH C H C Na CH OH+ +OO OO (5) 3 5 15 31 3 3 5 3 15 31C H ( CC H ) 3NaOH C H (OH) 3C H C Na+ +OO OO (6) 3 2 3 3CH C CH CH NaOH CH C Na CH CHO= + +OO OO

Cu 22: Chn p n D D thy X l nguyn t oxi D. Oxi c s oxi ha cao nht l + 2 . Trong hp cht F2O th oxi c s oxi ha +2.

Cu 23: Chn p n C V MB MA=237 nn A c kh nng th 3 nguyn t Brom. C hai CTCT ca A tha mn l: (1) 3 6 5 2 3 6 2 3(m)CH C H OH 3Br (m)CH C H (Br) OH 3HBr+ +

(2) 6 5 3 2 3 6 2 3C H OCH 3Br CH OC H (Br) 3HBr+ +

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


45

Cu 24: Chn p n B Ch : c n mn in ha th phi tha mn 3 iu kin iu kin 1: C 2 cc (2 kim loi khc nhau hoc 1 kim loi 1 phi kim) iu kin 2: 2 cc ny phi tip xc (trc tip hoc gin tip) iu kin 3: Cng c nhng vo dung dch cht in ly Cc th nghim m Fe khng b n mn in ha hc l: (1) Thiu 1 in cc. (3) Thiu 1 in cc. (5) Xy ra n mn ha hc.

Cu 25: Chn p n A (1) ng. Cc monome tng ng l:

2 2 2 3 3 2 3CF CF ,CH C(CH ) C CH , CH CH CH= = = OO Caprolactam l hp cht vng c CTPT l C6H11ON (2) Sai. Rezit c cu trc mnh khng gian. (3) Sai. Vinylclorua tc dng vi NaOH (c) trong iu kin nhit cao,p sut cao. (4) Sai. Bng v t tm l polime thin nhin. (5) ng. Vi ancol etylic to dung dch ng nht ngay, Benzen th tch lp, Anilin lc u tch lp sau to dung dch ng nht, natriphenolat c kt ta

6 5C H OH xut hin. (6) ng. Theo SGK lp 12. (7) ng. Vi triolein khng c phn ng v khng tan trong nhau, etylen glycol to phc xanh thm, axit axetic to dung dch mu xanh.

Cu 26: Chn p n D S cht lng tnh l: Al2O3, Ca(HCO3)2, (NH4)2CO3, CH3COONH4, axit glutamic, Sn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2.

Cu 27: Chn p n B (1) 2 5 2 3 2C H OH O CH C H H O+ +

men gim OO (2) 2 2 2 2 4SO Br 2H O 2HBr H SO+ + + (3) 2 4 2 2 2C 2H SO CO 2SO 2H O+ + + (4) 2 2 2 35Cl Br 6H O 2HBrO 10HCl+ + +

(5) 0t

3 2CH OH CuO HCHO Cu H O+ + + (6) Ti Anot s xy ra qu trnh tan 2Cu 2e Cu +

Cu 28: Chn p n C A. Sai. C kt ta Cr(OH)3

Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch cha mui CrO2 trong mi trng kim to dung dch c mu da cam.

B. Sai. 3 2 2Zn 2Cr 2Cr Zn+ + ++ + Trong mi trng axit, Zn c th kh c Cr3+ thnh Cr.

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


46

C. ng theo SGK lp 12. D. Sai. 2 24 2 7 22CrO 2H Cr O H O.

mu vng mu da cam

+ + + Nn cho dung dch H2SO4 long vo

dung dch Na2CrO4, dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang da cam do cn bng chuyn dch sang phi.

Cu 29: Chn p n B Tt c cc th nghim u c phn ng oxi ha kh xy ra. (a) 2 2 4 2 2 23CH CH 2KMnO 4H O 3CH (OH) CH (OH)= + +

22MnO 2KOH+ +

(b) 2 5 2 5 21C H OH Na C H ONa H2

+ +

(c) 4 2 3CH Cl CH Cl HCl+ +as

(d) AgNO /NH3 3Glucoz Ag

(e) 2 3Fe Ag Fe Ag+ + ++ + Cu 30: Chn p n D Cao lanh l: Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O Cu 31: Chn p n A Phn ng c to ra n cht l (2) v (4) .

(1) 0 9F HF+ +4 1 2 4C H F C H

(2) 0t

3 2 21AgNO Ag NO O2

+ +

(3) 2 2 2 2 3H O KNO H O KNO+ + (4) dp2 2 22H O 2H O +

dd (5) 3 2 2Mg 2FeCl 2FeCl MgCl+ + (6) 2 2 2 2 4H S 4Cl 4H O 8HCl H SO+ + +

Cu 32: Chn p n C Cc cp cht phn ng vi nhau nhit thng l: (1) Li + N2 (2) Hg + S (3) NO + O2 (6) Ca + H2O (7) Cl2(k) + H2(k) (8) Ag + O3 Ch : Vi cc cp (4) Mg + N2 v (5) H2 + O2 phi cn c nhit . Cu 33: Chn p n B

Cu(OH)2 phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y ( iu kin thch hp)?

A. Khng tha mn v c (C6H10O5)n. B. CH3CHO; C3H5(OH)3; CH3COOH u tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 C. Khng tha mn v c Fe(NO3)3, CH3COOC2H5. D. Khng tha mn v c CH3COOH; C6H12O6. Cu 34: Chn p n C

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


47

D thy X (Z = 11) l Na; Y(Z = 13) l Al; T(Z=17) l Clo. A. Sai. Bn knh ca cc nguyn t tng ng gim dn theo chiu tng ca s hiu Z. B. Sai. V AlCl3 l hp cht cng ha tr. C. ng. Nguyn t cc nguyn t X, Y, T trng thi c bn u c 1 electron c thn. D. Sai. Oxit v hiroxit ca X, Y, T u l cht lng tnh. Cu 35: Chn p n D

Cc th nghim sinh ra cht kh l: (a), (b), (c), (g), (i)

(a) 0t

4 3 2 2NH NO N O 2H O +

(b) ( ) 0t2 4 4NaCl H SO ac NaHSO HCl+ + (c) NaHCOH O 322 2Cl HCl CO (d) 2 2 3 2CO Ca(OH) CaCO H O+ + (e) 2 4 2 2 4 4 2 45SO 2KMnO 2H O K SO 2MnSO 2H SO+ + + +

(g) 3 2 2H HCO CO H O+ + +

(h) Khng c phn ng xy ra. (i) 2 4 2 3 2 4 2 2H SO Na SO Na SO SO H O+ + +

Cu 36: Chn p n D (1) ng. ( )6 5 2 6 23C H OH 3Br Br C H OH 3HBr+ +

(Trng)

(2) Sai. Tnh axit ca phenol rt yu khng lm i mu qu. (3) ng. Dung dch ng nht v 6 5 6 5 2C H OH NaOH C H ONa(tan) H O+ + (4) ng. 6 5 2 2 6 5 3C H ONa CO H O C H OH NaHCO+ + +

Cu 37: Chn p n C Cho dy cc cht: N2, H2, NH3, NaCl, HCl, H2O. S cht trong dy m phn t ch cha lin kt cng ha tr phn cc l: NH3, HCl, H2O. N2, H2 phn t ch cha lin kt cng ha tr khng phn cc

Cu 38: Chn p n C Cu 39: Chn p n B

(1) ng. V Supephotphat kp khng cha tp cht tr l CaSO4. (2) Sai. Phn kali c nh gi theo % khi lng ca K2O tng ng vi lng kali c trong thnh phn ca n. (3) Sai. iu ch phn Kali t qung xinvinit NaCl.KCl, qung Apatit iu ch phn photpho. (4) Sai. V u tin ( ) ( )2 2 4 32 2NH CO 2H O 2 NH CO+

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


48

Nu cho Ca(OH)2 s lm gim dinh dng ca phn v sinh tp cht CaCO3 ( )2 4 3 3 3 22Ca(OH) NH CO CaCO 2NH 2H O+ + +

(5) ng. V dung dch 4NH+ c mi trng axit lm chua t.

(6) Sai. Nitrophotka l hn hp ca ( )4 42NH HPO v KNO3. Cu 40: Chn p n A

S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l: C6H5NH2, H2NCH2COOH, CH3CH2CH2NH2. (1) 3HCl Cl+ 6 5 2 6 5C H NH C H NH (2) 3HCl Cl+ 2 2 2H NCH COOH H NCH COOH (3) 3HCl Cl+ 3 2 2 2 3 2 2CH CH CH NH CH CH CH NH

Cu 41. Chn p n A

3

3 2

4 2 4 2

3

KClO KClKNO KNOKMnO K MnO MnOAgNO Ag

+

3 2 3

3 2 3

3 2 2 3

3 2

NaHCO Na COCa(HCO ) CaCO CaOFe(NO ) Fe OCu(NO ) CuO

Cu 42. Chn p n B NaOH HCl NH3 Zn Cl2 AgNO3 ( ) ( ) 322NaOH Fe OH 2NaNO+ +3 2Fe NO 2 33 24H NO 3e NO 2H O Fe 1e Fe

+ + ++ + +

NH3 sinh ra OH sau : ( )2 2Fe 2OH Fe OH+ +

2 2Fe Zn Fe Zn+ ++ +

2 321Fe Cl Fe Cl2

+ + + +

2 3Fe Ag Fe Ag+ + ++ +

Cu 43: Chn p n C 2 5 2C H H O+ +2 5 3 3C H OH CH COOH CH COO ;

6 5 3 6 5 2 2C H NH Cl NaOH C H NH NaCl H O + + + 6 5 6 5 2C H OH NaOH C H ONa H O + + 2H O+ +3 3NaOH CH COOH CH COONa

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


49

Cu 44: Chn p n A (C 5 TH u ng)

(1) 2CH4 01500 C C2H2 + 3H2 ng theo SGK lp 11

(2) C6H6 C H ,H2 4 + C6H5C2H5

oxt,t C6H5CH=CH2 ng theo SGK lp 11

(3) (C6H10O5)n o+ H O, men , t2 C6H12O6

omen , tC2H5OH ng theo SGK lp 11

(4) CH3OH + CO oxt,t CH3COOH ng theo SGK lp 11

(5) CH2=CH2 o O , xt,t2+ CH3CHO ng theo SGK lp 11

Cu 45: Chn p n D A. O3 c tnh oxi ha mnh hn O2. ng . Theo SGK lp 10 3 2 22Ag O Ag O O+ + B. Mui AgI khng tan trong nc, mui AgF tan trong nc. ng . Theo SGK lp 10 C. Na2CO3 l nguyn liu quan trng trong cng nghip sn xut thy tinh. ng . Theo SGK lp 11 D. Cc nguyn t m nguyn t c 1,2,3,4 electron lp ngoi cng u l kim loi Sai. V d Hidro c 1e lp ngoi cng nhng li l phi kim Cu 46. Chn p n C (a) Cho dung dch KMnO4 tc dng vi dung dch HF (c) thu c kh F2. Sai v: 4 2 2 22KMnO 16HX 2KX 2MnX 8H O 5X+ + + + ch c vi Clo, brom, Iot (b) Dng phng php sunfat iu ch c: HF, HCl, HBr, HI. Sai v: H2SO4 tc dng vi HBr v HI

( )( )

0t2 4 4

2 4 2 2 2

NaBr H SO ac NaHSO HBr

2HBr H SO ac SO Br 2H O

+ +

+ + +

( )( )

0t2 4 4

2 4 2 2 2

NaI H SO ac NaHSO HI

8HI H SO ac H S 4I 4H O

+ +

+ + +

(c) Amophot (hn hp cc mui NH4H2PO4v (NH4)2HPO4) l phn phc hp. ng. Theo SGK lp 11 (d) Trong phng th nghim, kh CO c iu ch bng cch cho H2SO4 c vo axit fomic v un nng.

ng. Theo SGK lp 11: H SO /ac2 4 2HCOOH CO 2H O + Cu 47. Chn p n C X l Cl2 Y l SO2 Z l NH3

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


50

G l HCl E l NO2 F l H2S 2 2 2 2MnO 4HCl MnCl Cl 2H O+ + +

2 3 2 4 2 4 2 2Na SO H SO Na SO SO H O+ + + 4 3 2NH Cl NaOH NaCl NH H O+ + +

( ) 0t2 4 4NaCl H SO ac NaHSO HCl+ +

( )0t

3 3 2 22Cu 4HNO Cu NO 2NO 2H O+ + +

2 2FeS 2HCl FeCl H S+ + Cc phn ng vi NaOH:

ot thng2 2Cl 2NaOH NaCl NaClO H O+ + +

2 2 3 2SO 2NaOH Na SO H O+ +

2HCl NaOH NaCl H O+ +

2 3 2 22NO 2NaOH NaNO NaNO H O+ + +

2 2 2H S 2NaOH Na S 2H O+ + Cu 48. Chn p n D

2 5C H C HOO C 3 phn ng:

2 5 2 5 21C H C H Na C H C Na H2

+ +OO OO

2 5 2 5 2C H C H NaOH C H C Na H O+ +OO OO

2 5 3 2 5 2 2C H C H NaHCO C H C Na CO H O+ + +OO OO

3 3CH C CHOO C 1 phn ng

3 3 3 3CH C CH NaOH CH C Na CH OH+ +OO OO

2 5HCOOC H C 1 phn ng

2 5 2 5HCOOC H NaOH HC Na C H OH+ +OO Cu 49. Chn p n C (2) 2 2 22H S O 2S 2H O+ + ( ) 3 43 HCl NH NH Cl+

( ) 2 215 NO O NO2

+

Cu 50. Chn p n D phn ng c vi Na cn c nhm OH hoc COOH phn ng c vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng cn c cc nhm OH k nhau. Hoc l axit Cc cht tha mn: ( ) ( )2 4 3 52 3C H OH C H OH H C C HOO OO

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


51

N TP KIM TRA TNG HP S 2 Cu 1: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:

(1). Sc kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO4 long.

(2). Cho hi ancol etylic i qua bt CuO nung nng. (3). Sc kh etilen vo dung dch Br2

trong CCl4.

(4). Cho dung dch glucoz vo dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3

d, un nng.

(5). Cho Fe3O4 vo dung dch H2SO4

c, nng.

(6). Cho dung dch HCl vo dung dch Fe(NO3)2. (7). Cho FeS vo dung dch HCl. (8). Cho Si vo dung dch NaOH c, nng. (9). Cho Cr vo dung dch KOH (10). Nung NaCl nhit cao. Trong cc th nghim trn, s th nghim c xy ra phn ng oxi ha kh l:

A. 8 B. p n khc C. 7 D. 9 Cu 2: Cho cc pht biu sau:

(1). Tinh th I2 l tinh th phn t. (2). Tinh th H2O l tinh th phn t. (3). Lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong tinh th nguyn t l lin kt yu. (4). Lin kt gia cc phn t trong tinh th phn t l lin kt mnh. (5). Tinh th ion c nhit nng chy cao, kh bay hi, kh rn v lin kt cng ha tr trong cc hp cht ion rt bn vng. (6). Kim cng l mt dng th hnh ca cacbon.

S pht biu ng l: A. 5 B. 3 C. 4 D. 6 Cu 3: Cho cc phng trnh phn ng:

(1). dung dch FeCl2 + dung dch AgNO3 d (2). Hg + S (3). F2 + H2O (4). NH4Cl + NaNO2 ot (5). K + H2O (6). H2S + O2 d ot (7). SO2 + dung dch Br2 (8). Mg + dung dch HCl (9). Ag + O3 (10). KMnO4 ot

(11). MnO2 + HCl c ot (12). dung dch FeCl3 + Cu Trong cc phn ng trn, s phn ng to n cht l:

A. 9 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8 Cu 4: Cho cc cp dung dch sau:

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


52

(1). NaAlO2 v AlCl3 (2). NaOH v NaHCO3 (3). BaCl2 v NaHCO3 (4). NH4Cl v NaAlO2 (5). Ba(AlO2)2 v Na2SO4 (6). Na2CO3 v AlCl3 (7). Ba(HCO3)2 v NaOH (8). CH3COONH4 v HCl (9). KHSO4 v NaHCO3 (10). FeBr3 v K2CO3 S cp trong c phn ng xy ra l:

A. 9 B. 6 C. 8 D. 7 Cu 5: Cho cc cht sau:

KHCO3; (NH4)2CO3; Zn(OH)2; Al(OH)3; Pb(OH)2; Sn(OH)2; Cr(OH)3; Al; Zn.

S cht lng tnh l: A. 7 B. 9 C. 6 D. p n khc.

Cu 6: Cho cc pht biu sau: (a). Dng nc brom phn bit fructoz v glucoz. (b). Trong mi trng baz, fructoz v glucoz c th chuyn ha cho nhau. (c). Trong dung dch nc, glucoz tn ti ch yu dng mch h. (d). Thy phn saccaroz ch thu c glucoz. (e). Saccaroz th hin tnh kh trong phn ng trng bc. S pht biu ng l:

A. 5 B. 2 C. 4 D. 3 Cu 7: Cho cc pht biu sau:

(1). Phn ng c este tham gia khng th l phn ng oxi ha kh. (2). Cc este thng c mi thm d chu. (3). Tt c cc este u l cht lng nh hn nc, rt t tan trong nc. (4). iu ch este ngi ta cho ru v ancol tng ng tc dng trong H2SO4 (un nng).

S pht biu sai l: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 8: Mt nguyn t X ca mt nguyn t c in tch ca ht nhn l 27,2.1019 Culng. Cho cc nhn nh sau v X: (1) Ion tng ng ca X s c cu hnh electron l: 1s22s22p63s23p6. (2) X l nguyn t phi kim (3) Phn t n cht to nn t X ch c tnh oxi ha. (4) Lin kt ha hc gia cc nguyn t X trong phn t km bn hn lin kt

ha hc gia cc nguyn t N trong phn t N2. C bao nhiu nhn nh ng trong cc nhn nh cho trn ? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 9: Cho cc pht biu sau: (1). Phn t saccaroz do 2 gc glucoz v fructoz lin kt vi nhau qua

nguyn t oxi, gc glucoz C1, gc fructoz C4 (C1OC4)

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


53

(2). nhit thng : glucoz, fructoz, saccaroz, mantoz u l cht rn kt tinh , d tan trong nc v dung dch ca chng u ha tan Cu (OH)2 to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam.

(3). Xenluloz l hp cht cao phn t thin nhin, mch khng phn nhnh do cc mt xch glucoz to nn.

(4). Tinh bt c to thnh trong cy xanh nh qu trnh quang hp. (5). Trong mi trng axit, glucoz v fructoz c th chuyn ha ln nhau. (6). Glucoz lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm trong mi trng axit khi un nng. (7). Amiloz c cu trc mch phn nhnh. (8). Glucoz v fructoz u b kh ha bi dd AgNO3 trong NH3. S pht biu khng ng l: A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 Cu 10: Cho phn ng: Na2SO3 + KMnO4 + NaHSO4 Na2SO4 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O

Tng h s ca cc cht (l nhng s nguyn, ti gin) trong phng trnh phn ng l:

A. 23. B. 27. C. 47. D. 31. Cu 11: Cho cc nhn xt sau: (1). Metylamin, imetylamin, trimetylamin v etylamin l nhng cht kh, mi khai, tan nhiu trong nc. (2). Anilin lm qu tm m i thnh mu xanh. (3). Dung dch HCl lm qu tm m chuyn mu . (4). Phenol l mt axit yu nhng c th lm qu tm m chuyn thnh mu . (5). Trong cc axit HF, HCl, HBr, HI th HI l axit c tnh kh mnh nht. (6). Oxi c th phn ng trc tip vi Cl2 iu kin thng. (7). Cho dung dch AgNO3 vo 4 l ng cc dung dch HF, HCl, HBr, HI, th c 4 l u c kt ta. (8). Khi pha long H2SO4 c th nn t t nc vo axit. Trong s cc nhn xt trn, s nhn xt khng ng l:

A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 Cu 12: Cho cc pht biu sau: (1). Cc oxit axit khi cho vo H2O ta s thu c dung dch axit tng ng. (2). Tt c cc nguyn t u c cu to t cc ht p,n,e. (3). Cht tan trong nc to ra dung dch dn c in l cht in li. (4). Phn ng oxi ha kh cn phi c t nht 2 nguyn t thay i s oxi ha. (5). Cho HCHO vo dung dch nc Brom thy dung dch nht mu v xy ra

phn ng cng gia HCHO v Br2. (6). Trong cc phn ng ha hc Fe(NO3)2 va th hin tnh kh va th hin

tnh oxi ha nhng Fe(NO3)3 ch th hin tnh oxi ha. S pht biu ng l: A. 4 B. 2 C. 3 D. p n khc

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


54

Cu 13: Cho cc cht: Al, Al2O3, Al2(SO4)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHS, K2SO3, (NH4)2CO3. S cht u phn ng c vi dung dch HCl v dung dch NaOH l: A. 7 B. 6 C. 5 D. 4 Cu 14: Cho cc pht biu sau: (1). Propan 1,3 iol ha tan c Cu(OH)2 to phc mu xanh thm. (2). Axit axetic khng phn ng c vi Cu(OH)2. (3).T cc cht CH3OH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO c th iu ch trc tip axit axetic. (4) Hn hp CuS v FeS c th tan ht trong dung dch HCl. (5) Hn hp Fe3O4 v Cu c th tan ht trong dung dch HCl. (6) Hn hp Al2O3 v K2O c th tan ht trong nc. (7) Hn hp Al v BaO c th tan ht trong nc. (8) FeCl3 ch c tnh oxi ha. S pht biu ng l: A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 Cu 15: Cho chui phn ng sau:

0 0 +Br /xt+NaOH,t +CuO,t +NaOH2Etyl clorua X Y Z G

Trong cc cht trn cht c nhit si cao nht l A. Cht X B. Cht Y C. Cht Z D. Cht G Cu 16. Cho cc pht biu sau (1). Hp cht hu c no l ankan. (2). C hai cng thc cu to ng vi cng thc C6H14 khi b clo ha cho ra hai dn xut monoclo. (3). S cht c cng thc phn t C4H8 khi cng HBr thu c hn hp sn phm gm 3 ng phn l 0. (4). Cng thc chung ca ankadien l CnH2n 2 (n 4; n N*). (5). Monoxicloankan v anken c cng s C l ng phn ca nhau. (6). Hidrocacbon X th kh c t chy hon ton trong oxi thu c CO2

v H2O vi s mol bng nhau. Vy X ch c th l mt trong cc cht sau: etilen; propen; buten; xiclopropan.

(7). Benzen, toluen, naphtalen c xp vo hidrocacbon thm do chng l cc hp cht c mi thm. S pht biu khng ng trong cc pht biu trn l: A.7 B.6 C.5 D.4 Cu 17: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau: (1). dung dch BaCl2 vo dung dch NaHSO4. (2). dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 vo dung dch KHSO4. (3). dung dch Ca(H2PO4)2 vo dung dch KOH. (4). dung dch Ca(OH)2 vo dung dch NaHCO3. (5). dung dch Ca(HCO3)2 vo dung dch NaOH. (6). Dn kh SO2 vo dung dch H2S.

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


55

(7). Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch KI. (8). dung dch H3PO4 vo dung dch AgNO3. (9). Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch K2SiO3. S th nghim chc chn c kt ta sinh ra l: A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. p n khc Cu 18: Cho cc hp cht hu c sau: clo metan; 1,1icloetan; CH2ClCH2Cl; o

clo phenol; benzylclorua; phenylclorua; C6H5CHCl2; ClCH=CHCl; CH3CCl3; vinylclorua.

OHOH

O OH

Cl S cht khi thy phn trong NaOH d (cc iu kin phn ng coi nh c , phn ng xy ra hon ton) sinh ra hai mui l: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. p n khc Cu 19: Cho cc pht biu sau: (1). Trong cng nghip, oxi c iu ch duy nht bng cch in phn nc

v c chi ph r. (2). Ozon l mt dng th hnh ca Oxi, c tnh oxi ha rt mnh v c tc dng

dit khun do vy trong khng kh c Ozon lm cho khng kh trong lnh. (3). Ozon c dng ty trng tinh bt, du n, cha su rng, st trng nc

sinh hot (4). Lu hunh c hai dng th hnh l lu hunh t phng v lu hunh n t. (5). Cho Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 c ngui thu c kh H2.

S pht biu ng l: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. p n khc Cu 20: Mt HS thc hin mi chui cc th nghim gia cc ng phn monoxicloankan c CTPT C6H12 vi Cl2/CCl4 thu c kt qu sau: C a ng phn phn ng to 1 dn xut monoclo C c ng phn phn ng to 3 dn xut monoclo C d ng phn phn ng to 4 dn xut monoclo

Gi tr ca biu thc c da+ l:

A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 3 Cu 21: Trong bnh kn c h cn bng ha hc sau:

2 2 2CO (k) H (k) CO(k) H O(k) H 0+ + > Xt cc tc ng sau n h cn bng: (a). Tng nhit (b). Thm mt lng hi nc

khan

gviet

book

.com

.vn


56

(c). gim p sut chung ca h (d). dng cht xc tc (e). thm mt lng CO2

Trong nhng tc ng trn, s cc tc ng lm cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun l:

A.1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 22: Cho s bin ha sau:

Nhn nh no sau y khng ng? A. Cht F khng c ng phn hnh hc (cis trans) B. Cht H c v ngt v mt C. Cht A c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc

D. Cht B c kh nng lm qu tm ha xanh Cu 23: Cho dy cc cht: C6H5NH2 (1), C2H5NH2 (2), (C6H5)2NH (3),

(C2H5)2NH (4), NH3 (5) (C6H5 l gc phen

Education

Kỹ thuật-vết-dầu-loang-chinh-phục-lý-thuyết-hóa-học-phiên-bản-mới-nhất-tác-giả-nguyễn-anh-phong (1)