TOPIC : post-colonial studies• NAME :- Pandya Dharmishtha D.• CLASS:- M.A. Part-1 (Sem-2)• ROLL NO.:- 24• YEAR :- 2016 • PAPER NO.:- 8 (The Culture Studies)• SUBMITTED:- Department of English

What is post-colonialism?

Colonialism :-

control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent a country, territory, or people.

Post-colonialism

Is an intellectual direction that exist since around the middle to the 20th century.

It developed from and mainly refers to the time after colonialism.

The post-colonial direction was created as colonial countries became independent.

Now days, aspects of post-colonialism can be found not only in sciences concerning history, literature and politics, but also in approach to culture and identity.

The three pillars of Postcolonial Theory:-

Edward said Gayatri Chakravorty SpivakHami K. Bhabha

Edward said Professor at Columbus

University. Revolutionized study of middle

East and helped to re-shape study of post-colonialism.

He wrote the book ‘Orientalism’ translated into 26 language.

He thinks West, Europe and USA look at middle East through a lens (Orientalism) that distort reality and makes people of the East seem threatening.

Said sharply critiques Western image of the Oriental as “irrational, depraved, child-like ‘different’”, ‘which has allowed the west to define itself as’ “rational, virtuous, mature, ‘normal’”.

Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak• Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak

was born in 1942• An Indian theorist, literary

critic and lecturer at Columbus University.

• Her famous work is, “ can the Subaltern Speak? ” (1988), three women’s Text and a critique of imperialism(1988), New literary history (1990), "Draupadi by Mahasweta Devi”.

• In Mahasweta Devi fictional novels, she presents the native in her otherness and singularity.

• conti……

• Is thought of as one of the three co-founders of post- colonial theory.•An Indian theorist, literary critic and lecturer at Columbus University.• Her main work on the postcolonial theory was her Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward a History of the Vanishing Present (1999). • She describe herself as a “Practical Marxism, feminism, and deconstruction”.

Homi K. BhabhaHe was Harvard

professor and one of the top post colonialist thinkers.

He wrote the Nation and Narration (1990).

He studied the work of French post structuralist thinker like Derrida, lacan and Foucault. He is also followed of Edward Said.

Post-colonialism: Example in media

“Saunders of the River”(1935) portrayed ideologies naturalizing colonization.

“The four features”(1939) suggested the key role of the British army was to bring a civilizing influence to India and Egypt.

“Zulu” (1964) represented the Zulu tribe in Africa as violent savages.