11. 1. middle cerebral artery main stem global aphasia 2. 3.
crossed aphasia 4. anomic aphasia
12. Crossed Aphasia lesion in the right hemisphere in a
right-handed individual. Occurs in 1-2% of all aphasias, and
characterised by confusion, memory and attention defects, and
personality change (in addition to the usual language deficits).
Agrammatism is common, but comprehension and naming tend to be
preserved.
14. apraxia of speech (99-1-69) 1. dominant hemisphere 2. 3.
motor planning 4. automatic speech purposeful speech
15. Apraxia of speech(AOS) neurogenic communication disorder
affecting the motor programming system for speech production. By
the definition of apraxia, AOS only affects volitional(willful or
purposeful) movement patterns, however in AOS usually also
automatic speech is affected
16. Stroke-associated AOS is the most common form of acquired
AOS, making up about 60% of all reported acquired AOS cases.
Individuals with acquired AOS demonstrate hallmark characteristics
of articulation and prosody (rhythm, stress or intonation)
errors.
17. Apraxia of speech the following five speech characteristics
that an individual with apraxia of speech may exhibit: Effortful
trial and error with groping Self correction of errors Abnormal
rhythm, stress and intonation Inconsistent articulation errors on
repeated speech productions of the same utterance Difficulty
initiating utterances
18. apraxia (103-1-59) 1. 2. 3. 4.
19. Transcortical sensory TS or Wenickes TM or Brocas Brocas
Brocas Angular gyrus Arcuate fasciculus
31. Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) has an overall prevalence
of 25 65% in stroke patients: 67% of brainstem strokes 28% of all
left hemispheric strokes 21% of all right hemispheric strokes More
common in bilateral hemisphere lesions than in unilateral
hemisphere lesions. More common in large-vessel than in
small-vessel strokes. Delayed pharyngeal swallow is the most common
cause (Veis, 1985).
32. dysphagia (94-1-94) 1. chin tuck 2. turning the head to the
stronger side 3. tilting the head toward the affected side 4. neck
extension
33.
34.
35. A. B. C. D.
36. (102-2-68) 1. 2. thoracic dysphagia 3. Mendelsohn maneuver
4. more than 50 muscles sequential excitation and inhibition
37. Compensatory Strategies Chin tuck: provides airway
protection by preventing entry of liquid into the larynx Head
rotation: Turn the head to the paretic side. Head tilt: uses
gravity to guide bolus into ipsilateral pharynx.
38. Compensatory Strategies Supraglottic swallow: concomitant
breath holding and swallowing closes the vocal folds to protect the
trachea. Super supraglottic swallow: adds Valsalva maneuver to
maximize vocal fold closing. Mendelsohn maneuver: patient
voluntarily holds the larynx at its maximal height to lengthen
duration of cricopharyngeal opening.