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This slide deck was presented at CNX 2014 in Houston, USA on 1 April 2014 as part of the "Student Efficacy: Are they Learning?" rapid fire panel. It contains preliminary research findings on educators and students using OpenStax College open textbooks. Final, updated research findings can be found in the slide deck "The Impact of Open Textbooks in the USA and South Africa..." and via http://oerresearchhub.org
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Student Efficacy: Are They Learning? Rapid Fire Panel, CNX 2014 1 April 2014
Dr. Beck Pitt The Open University
Background
• 2-year research project based at The Open University (UK)
• Funded by William & Flora Hewlett Foundation
• Aiming to build the most comprehensive picture of OER impact
• Eleven research hypotheses
• Collaboration model across different educational sectors
• Fellowship Scheme
• Global reach but with a US focus
• Practicing openness: CC-BY licensed research instruments / SOO Course / Impact Map
OER Research Hub
oerresearchhub.org #oerrhub @OER_Hub
Keyword Hypothesis
Performance OER improve student performance/satisfaction
Openness People use OER differently from other online materials
Access OER widen participation in education
Retention OER can help at-risk learners to finish their studies
Reflection OER use leads educators to reflect on their practice
Finance OER adoption brings financial benefits for students/institutions
Indicators Informal learners use a variety of indicators when selecting OER
Support Informal learners develop their own forms of study support
Transition OER support informal learners in moving to formal study
Policy OER use encourages institutions to change their policies
Assessment Informal assessments motivate learners using OER
Collaboration Model
Collaboration Model
Collaboration Model
Collaboration Model
OER Impact Map
OER Impact Maphttp://chaos.open.ac.uk
OER Impact Maphttp://chaos.open.ac.uk
Methodology
Educator and Student Surveys
Overview
OER improve student performance/satisfaction
People use OER differently from other online materials
OER use leads educators to reflect on their practice
OER adoption brings financial benefits for students/institutions
Spring-Summer 2013
Developing Questionnaires with OpenStax College
IRB Process
Autumn 2013-Christmas 2013
Surveys deployed
Ongoing
Interviews with educators and students
Comparative impact data / Stories of Impact
Adding evidence to the Impact Map
Jan-Apr 2014
Data analysis and Dissemination of findings
Interviews with Educators
Student Survey
In total 63 usable survey responses were recorded:• OpenStax Newsletter Student User Survey (50) Incentivised • College One (3)• College Two (10)
44 out of the 63 respondents have used, or currently use, OpenStax College textbooks:• OpenStax Newsletter Student User Survey (39) • College One (2) • College Two (3)
Educator Survey
In total 97 usable survey responses were recorded:• OpenStax Adopter Email list (52)• OpenStax Newsletter Educator Survey (41)* Incentivised • Individual Educators from direct introductions (4)
82 out of the 97 respondents have used, or currently use, OpenStax College textbooks:• OpenStax Adopter Email list (47)• OpenStax Newsletter Educator Survey (31)• Individual Educators from direct introductions (4)
Student Sample
• 44 Respondents in total (have used/use OSC textbooks) • 56.8% Male (n=25) and 43.2% Female (n=19)• 86.0% of respondents live in the United States (n=37)• Other respondents live in Germany, Canada, Hong Kong, UK & India (14.0%, n=6) • 65.9% of respondents have English as their first spoken language (n=29)• Just under 5% of respondents consider themselves to have a disability (4.5%, n=2) • Just under 70% of respondents were between 15-18 years old (68.3%, n=28) • Nearly 60% of respondents told us they are studying at School (59.1%, n=26). • Over 60% of respondents reported having either a High School Diploma or No Formal
Qualifications (n=10, 28.6% and 34.3%, n=12 respectively)• Just under 10% of respondents who use OSC textbooks receive any form of financial
aid (9.5%, n=4)
Educator Sample
• 82 Respondents in total (have used/use OSC textbooks) • 75.3% Male (n=61) and 24.7% Female (n=20)• Over 85% of respondents live in the United States (86.4%, n=70)• Other respondents live in Canada, Singapore, Malaysia & Australia (13.6%, n=11) • 90.0% of respondents have English as their first spoken language (n=72)• Over 90% of respondents have a Masters degree and/or PhD (38.3%, n=31, 54.3%,
n=44 respectively) • Over 50% of respondents work in a HE/University context (57.3%, n=47) • 78.0% of respondents do F/T face-to-face teaching (n=64) • Nearly 70% of respondents have been teaching for more than 10 years (67.5%, n=54)
OER Behaviours
Student Overview
• Over a quarter of respondents studied their subject via OER before joining their course (26.8%, n=11).
• 17.5% of respondents told us that their use of OER influenced their decision to register for their current course of study (n=7)
• Just under a third of respondents told us that they have adapted OER to fit their needs (31.0%, n=13)
• The biggest challenge for respondents when using OER was knowing where to find resources (61.0%, n=25)
Student Overview
• 75.0% of respondents first became aware of OpenStax College Textbooks via their instructor/course (n=30).
• 54.5% of respondents currently use the Biology textbook for their studies (n=24).
• 55.0% of students told us OpenStax College textbooks were required reading and they did not purchase any other textbooks for their course (n=22)
Educator Overview
• 92.6% of respondents have adapted OER to fit their needs• Just under 50% of respondents have created OER for study or teaching
(48.1%, n=39) • The biggest challenge for respondents when using OER was finding
resources of a sufficiently high quality (67.5%, n=54)*• Top three types of OER used for teaching/training by respondents: open
textbooks (98.9%, n=81), videos (78.0%, n=64) and images (72.0%, n=59) • Almost 60% of respondents think their institution benefits financially by using
OER (59.3%, n=48)
Educator Overview
• 34.6% of respondents first became aware of OpenStax College Textbooks via an internet search (n=28).
• Over a quarter of respondents became aware of OSC via a colleague or other recommendation (25.9%, n=21)
• 61.0% of respondents currently use the College Physics textbook with their students (n=50).
• Over 80% of respondents teach Science (82.7%, n=67) with 77.8% using OER in this area (n=63) and over a third creating OER in this subject (34.6%, n=28)
Student Perspectives
In which of these ways (if any) has your use of Open Educational Resources made an impact on your formal
studies? (Check all that apply)
"Using Open Educational Resources (e.g. OpenStax College textbooks) has led to my...”
Increased interest in the subjects taught (69.0%, n=29)Increased satisfaction with the learning experience (66.7%, n=28)Grades improving (47.6%, n=20)Increased participation in classroom discussions (45.2%, n=19)Having increased independence and self-reliance (45.2%, n=19)Increased engagement with lesson content (45.2%, n=19)Increased experimentation with new ways of learning (45.2%, n=19)Gaining confidence (38.1%, n=16) Increased enthusiasm for future study (38.1%, n=16) Increased collaboration with my peers (35.7%, n=15) Being more likely to complete my course of study (33.3%, n=14) Becoming interested in a wider range of subjects than before I used these resources (31.0%, n=13)
In what ways, if any, has using OpenStax College textbooks impacted on your studies?
Range of responses, including comments on:
40.6% Better Study Experience (n=13)
31.3% Accessibility of Resources (n=10)
12.5% Cost savings (n=4)
9.4% Improved Grades (n=3)
9.4% Less Weight to Carry (n=3)
In what ways, if any, has using OpenStax College textbooks impacted on your studies?
“Made learning easier and more accessible, helped and broadened my understanding and
learning, made me WANT to study, helped me become interested in Biology because of the
easy layout and presentation.”
“Saved my back, I already have so many other books in my backpack and using my computer for more info saved additional
stress that would have been on my back.”
“Increased my Ap Biology grade
dramatically.”
(Earlier this respondent reported: “I
went from being horrible in AP
Biology to actually reading these
and went from a D 66% up to a
A 90% So far.”)
“Open Stax textbooks offer me
peace of mind and permit me to
study in a more relaxed way. I am
grateful not to have to come up with
hundreds of dollars per class for
books.
“It has allowed for
me to develop
knowledge easily in
areas that I thought
would be difficult to
learn in due to the
inability to buy an in-
depth textbook.”
Educator Perspectives
Based on your experiences as a teacher, to what extent do you agree with the following statements?
% of educators who strongly agree or agree with the following statements:
"Use of Open Educational Resources (e.g. OpenStax College textbooks) in the classroom...”
Allows me to better accommodate diverse learners’ needs (67.9%, n=53) Increases learners’ satisfaction with the learning experience (65.8%, n=52)Increases learners’ experimentation with new ways of learning (64.1%, n=50)Increases learners’ engagement with lesson content (60.3%, n=47)Increases learners’ interest in the subjects taught (55.7%, n=44)Develops learners’ increased independence and self-reliance (55.7%, n=44)Increases learners’ participation in class discussions (49.4%, n=39)Leads to improved students’ grades (47.4%, n=37)Increases learners’ enthusiasm for future study (45.6%, n=36) Builds learners’ confidence (45.5%, n=35)Increases collaboration and/or peer-support among learners (44.2%, n=34)Leads to learners becoming interested in a wider range of subjects than before they used OER (41.0%, n=32)
In what ways, if any, has using OpenStax College textbooks impacted on your own teaching practice?
“I have become more intentional about tailoring my course to my students, having been at least
somewhat released from the constraints imposed by the commercial publishing industry”
“I have always believed in using a lot of
additional resources. OpenStax works
nicely in this regard. The supplementals are not fancy but we have made
additional testbanks and other free resources available to all our faculty in
a collective approach to compile very nice additional resources.”
“I am able to think a little more creatively of what new
experiences I can design for my students using
resources in the text or other online resources. I think
the text is a great foundation, but I don’t feel
constrained to shy away from employing other
teaching tools for fear they might ask: “Well, if you
were going to have us watch this video or do this
online tutorial – why did we have to pay $250 for the
textbook?”
“I create more collections of images to build presentation,
rather than going straight from the book.”
In what ways, if any, has using OpenStax College textbooks impacted on your students?
“They are able to access the textbook and start doing homework immediately rather than being
delayed until weeks after the start of the course due to lack of finances.”
“Ease of use for students and
parents. The 'note-taking" type of
students can print pages, and when
I find students have a specific
difficulty I can even print a page to
use in class. Faster students can
read on devices at any time - they
enjoy viewing the book from
smartphones etc.”
“They have the book as a resource
after leaving class. With another
text they would most likely sell it
back. Also sharing content with
others outside of class.”
“Increased reading of the
textbook, and a portable
textbook that can go with them
for review. Unlike other e-
textbooks, this one can stay
with them.”
“…the students are sharing notes and
annotations online.”
“The resource gave them a sound understanding of the topic and they were able to do self-directed study from it. The result is that seniors have excelled in their exams.”
In what ways, if any, has using OpenStax College textbooks impacted on your students?
“more student engagement in lab activities and lecture presentation”
“Free and available online (while they
work, or are at home) make OpenStax
texts a great excuse-defying tool. In a
positive light- students have access to the
text wherever and whenever they
need/want it.”
“…Students love having multiple options
for textbook format (epub, iBook, pdf, or
hardcopy). Enrollment in my class has
increased by 25% - can't say for sure it
is due to the textbook, but it certainly
has helped. …”
“It saves all 800 students per
year about $120. One student
told me that she had to work 15
hours for each book that she
has to buy. That really put it in
perspective.”
“Students seem somewhat more engaged.”
“I think that it is highly beneficial to have a
brand new text to use, I would have been
forced through budgetary constraints to
purchase other texts which are 5-10 years old..”
As a result of using OpenStax College textbooks…
• 96.3% of educators who use OSC textbooks are more likely to recommend OpenStax College textbooks to fellow educators/teachers (n=77)
• 81.0% of respondents who use OSC textbooks are more likely to discuss using OpenStax College textbooks with their institution’s administrators (n=64)
• Over three quarters of respondents who use OSC textbooks are more likely to use OER for teaching (77.9%, n=60)
Financial Savings
Student Financial Savings
“Yes” 77.3%
“No” 15.9%
“Don’t Know” 6.8%
Do you think you have saved money by using OpenStax College text-
books?
“Yes”89.0%
“No”8.5%
“Don’t Know”2.4%
Do you believe that your students have saved money by using OER?
By using OpenStax College textbooks each student surveyed saved on average ca. $155 (n=19)
Summary
Summary of ResultsEfficacy: Are they Learning?
• Over 60% of both students and educators report increased satisfaction with their own or their students’ learning experience as a result of using OER/OSC textbooks
• Almost 70% of students surveyed told us that they thought use of OER/OSC textbooks had led to an increased interest in the subjects taught
• Over 45% of students thought that their grades had improved due to using OER/OSC textbooks
• Emerging evidence for different ways in which “open” is making a specific difference: students can both access materials earlier (e.g. pre-course/pre-payment of financial aid) but can also continue to access/use resources post-course (don’t have to sell textbook/limited access). Positive impact on learning?
Next Steps
Next Steps
• Further analyses of data: e.g. comparison of adopters with newsletter respondents (educators), non-users/users of OSC textbooks, students studying in different contexts, different OSC textbooks etc.
• Comparison of data with other open textbook surveys
• Disseminating results (Impact Map inc. anonymised data)
• Future/current work focused on building case studies and comparative impact data
• We need you! Looking for YOUR best examples of impact...
• Help us build the most comprehensive picture of the impact of OER by contributing your evidence to the Impact Map
Thanks for listening!oerresearchhub.orgchaos.open.ac.ukTwitter: @OER_Hub @BeckPitt
in service of The Open University