1. D an PARC - Vn Quoc gia Yok on Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng TAI LIEUGIAO DUC MOI TRNG LP 6 Song Srepok Buon on 2003 (Tai lieu lu hanh noi bo)

2. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Li cam n ! Chng ti xin chn thnh cm n Cc Kim lm thuc B Nngnghip & Pht trin Nng thn, y ban Nhn dn tnh Dak Lak, Vn Qucgia Yok n, y ban Nhn dn Huyn Bun n, Phng Gio dc o tohuyn Bun n gip chng ti trong qu trnh bin son ti liu ny. Cho php chng ti gi li cm n n Ban lnh o v cn b cngnhn vin thuc cc t chc trc tip cng tc gip chng ti trong sutqu trnh chun b v bin son ti liu ny: D n PARC Yok n; PhngK thut, Ht kim lm v Ban Du lch Vn Quc gia Yok n, D n PARCBa B/Na Hang, Trng Tiu hc Y Jt, Trng Tiu hc Nguyn Th MinhKhai, Trng Tiu hc Nguyn Du, Trng Trung hc C s V Th Su,Trng Trung hc C c L Hng Phong Chng ti xin chn thnh cm n cc cn b, chuyn gia, t vn caD n PARC Yok n cho php chng ti s dng kt qu nghin cu khoahc ca qu v phc v cho vic bin son ti liu ny. Chng ti cng mong mun c cm n tt c cc c nhn v t chc tham gia ng gp kin cng nh cung cp ti liu tham kho trong qutrnh vit ti liu ny, bao gm: Chng trnh Pht trin Lin Hip Quc(UNDP), Qu Bo tn Thin nhin Hoang d (WWF). Vn Quc gia Ct Tin. Chng trnh Gio dc Mi trng D n PARC - Vn Quc gia Yok n

3. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6

4. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 MUC LUCBAI 1 : TM HIEU VE VN QUOC GIA YOK ON Trang 5 - Muc ch I. GII THIEU CHUNG 5 II. HOAT ONG 7 III. KET LUAN 8 IV. BAI TAP 8 V. HOAT ONG NGOAI KHOA 8BAI 2 : TM HIEU VE THU Trang 9 - Muc ch I. GII THIEU CHUNG 9 II. HOAT ONG 9 III. TOM TAT 11 IV. CAU HOI BAI TAP 11 V. THAM KHAO 12BAI 3 : S THCH NGHI CUA ONG VAT Trang 13 - Muc ch I. GII THIEU CHUNG 13 II. HOAT ONG 13 III. TOM TAT 15 IV. BAI TAP VE NHA 15 V. THAM KHAO 16BAI 4 : NC VA RNG YOK ON Trang 17 - Muc ch I. GII THIEU CHUNG 17 II. HOAT ONG 18 III. TOM TAT 19 IV. BAI TAP VE NHA 19 V. BAI OC THAM KHAO 19BAI 5 : TAM QUAN TRONG CUA LNG C Trang 21 - Muc ch I. GII THIEU 21 II. HOAT ONG 22 III. KET LUAN 24 IV. BAI TAP 24 V. BAI THAM KHAO 24

5. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6BAI 6 : CAC MOI E DOA OI VI TAI NGUYEN ONG VAT VA THC VAT Trang 26 CUA VN QUOC GIA YOK ON - Muc ch I. GII THIEU CHUNG 26 II. HOAT ONG 26 III. TOM TAT 28 IV. BAI TAP VE NHA 28 V. BAI OC THAM KHAO 28BAI 7 : GII THIEU VE MOT SO LOAI CAY CO RNG KHOP Trang 30 VN QUOC GIA YOK ON - Muc ch I. GII THIEU 30 II. HOAT ONG 30 III. TOM TAT 31 IV. BAI TAP VE NHA 32 V. HOAT ONG NGOAI KHOA 32 VI. PHAN THAM KHAO THEM 32BAI 8 : GII THIEU MOT SO CAY THUOC QUY A PHNG Trang 37 - Muc ch I. GII THIEU 37 II. HOAT ONG 37 III. KET LUAN 43 IV. BAI TAP VE NHA 43BAI 9 : A DANG SINH HOC Trang 44 - Muc ch I. GII THIEU CHUNG 44 II. HOAT ONG 44 III. TOM TAT 47 IV. BAI TAP VE NHA 47 V. BAI OC THAM KHAO 48

6. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Bi s 1 : Tm hiu v vn quc gia Yok n Mc ch - Cung cp cho cc em hc sinh cc thng tin c bn v v tr a l, h ng, thc vt ca VQG Yok n. - Nng cao nhn thc bo v cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin. I - Gii thiu chung VQG Yok n cch thnh ph H Ch Minh 500km v pha Bc v cchthnh ph Bun Ma Thut (trung tm tnh k Lk) 40 km v pha Ty. Tonb VQG nm trn a hnh tng i bng phng, cao trung bnh 200m sovi mt nc bin, chia thnh 2 dng chnh nh sau: a hnh i v ni thp: Phn b ri rc trn din tch VQG Yokn. Dc theo b phi sng Srpk l dy C MLan chy sut t bin giiVit Nam - Cam Pu Chia ti gn trung tm huyn Bun n vi nh cao nhtl C MLan (502m) v cc nh 498m, 382m... Cui cng l nh Ch Minh(384m). B tri sng Srpk c ngn ni thp l Yok a (466m). Gn ranhgii pha nam ca Vn l dy ni thp Yok n (482m) c c trng bngkiu rng l rng thng xanh nn c chn lm tn gi cho Vn. a hnh bng phng: Phn b dc sng Srpk v cc sui lntrong vng. iu kin a hnh tng i bng phng thun li cho s tn ti ca ccloi th ln nh Voi, Tru rng, B rng... Ranh gii: Pha Bc: theo ng t t ng ba C MLan (tnh l 1A) qua nbin phng s 2 n bin gii Vit Nam - Cam Pu Chia. Pha Nam: Gip Huyn C Jt v on ng 6B t VQG giao ving T15 chy thng pha Ty n bin gii Vit Nam - Cam Pu Chia. Pha ng: Dc theo tnh l 1A t ng 3 C MLan n Bn n vsau ngc sng Srpk n ranh gii huyn C Jt. Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 5

7. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Pha Ty: L bin gii Vit Nam - Cam Pu Chia di 102 km. So vi cc KBTTN v VQG trong khu vc, Yok n c din tchln nht, (bng 3.1): Kh hu - Thy vn: VQG Yok n nm trong vng kh hu nhit i gi ma, c hai ma rrt: Ma ma v ma kh. Ma ma t thng 4 n thng 10, tp trung lng ma ti 93,5% lngma c nm, tng lng ma trung bnh t nm 1990 n 2000 l 1.588 mm,lng bc hi l 1.470mm (s liu ca Trm kh tng thy vn Bun nnm 2001). Ma kh t thng 11 n thng 3 nm sau, lng ma khng ng k vthng b kh hn vo cui ma, thiu nc cho n ung, sinh hot v snxut, gy kh khn cho i sng nhn dn trong vng. H thc vt: H thc vt ca VQG Yok n pht trin trong mt qun th rng lrng, rng l vo ma kh (Rng Khp), rng thng xanh, rng bn thngxanh v rng tre na. Cc nh khoa hc thng k c 566 loi thc vt VQG Yok n vi cc loi cy, c c trng v c gi tr nh: Cm Lai, Trc,G , Ging hng, Cm xe, Sao en, Cm lin, C cht... Ngoi ra, cn c116 loi lm thuc, 35 loi lm cnh v cc gi tr ti nguyn khc nh: Cungcp nguyn liu an lt, lm th cng m ngh, thc phm... H ng vt: Do c im ca h sinh thi rng Khp v iu kin a hnh bngphng gp phn hnh thnh nn khu h ng vt y cng mang tnh chtin hnh. Kt qu nghin cu v khu h ng vt t 1991 n nay cho thyti VQG Yok n c 384 loi ng vt c xng sng (bng 4.3), trong c70 loi th, 250 loi chim, 48 loi b st, 16 loi lng c: c trng ca khu h ng vt c xng sng cn ca VQG Yok nl s phn b kh tp trung ca nhiu loi mt s khu vc nh: Ni Yokn, Yok a, khu vc sui k Na, k Nor, nht l cc loi chim th lnnh: b rng, b tt, tru rng, voi, cng, cao ct, hng hong... S phn btp trung cho php chng ta d dng bo v nghim ngt, to iu kin chochng pht trin v mt s lng. 6 Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng

8. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 II - Hot ng 1. V tr ca VQG Yok n. Quan st bn v tr a l VQG Yok n. Hy ch ra u l ranh gii ca VQG Yok n; Cc mt tip gip: ng,Ty, Nam v Bc. VQG Yok n vi din tch l 115.545ha, nm trong a phn ca 4 xthuc 3 huyn: X Krng Na - Huyn Bun n. X Ea Bung, Ch MLanh - Huyn Ea Sp. X Ea P - Huyn C Jt. - Pha Bc ranh gii chy theo ng t t ng 3 Ch MLanh (tnh l1A) qua n bin phng s 2 n bin gii Vit Nam - Campuchia. - Pha Nam gip huyn Ch Jt v on ng t VQG n ng 3 ngbin gii v chy thng pha Ty n bin gii 2 nc. - Pha ng chy theo tnh l 1A t ng 3 Ch MLanh n Bn n vsau ngc sng Srpk n gip ranh gii huyn C Jt. - Pha Ty l bin gii ca hai nc Vit Nam - Campuchia. 2. a hnh ca VQG Yok n. (GV cho hc sinh tho lun v sau nhn xt tm tt nh sau). Ton b Vn Quc Gia Yok n nm trn a hnh tng i bngphng, nghing t Bc xung Nam v t ng sang Ty. cao trung bnh150 n 200 mt so vi mt nc bin. 3. c im chung ca Vn QG Yok n. a) Kh hu: VQG Yok n nm trong vng c nn nhit kh cao, thuc loi hnh khhu nhit i nng, th hin hai ma r rt: - Ma ma: T thng 5 n thng 10. - Ma kh: T thng 11 n thng 4 nm sau. b) Thc vt: Do nhng c im v kh hu, a hnh, t ai ca VQG Yok n nncy ci y c nhiu c trng ring bit biu hin 4 kiu rng chnh sau: 1. Rng tha, cy l rng, rng l vo ma kh (Cn gi l rng khp). Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 7

9. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 2 . Rng tha, c cc loi cy rng l v khng rng l (Cn gi l rngbn thng xanh). 3. Rng cy xanh ti quanh nm v khng rng l vo ma kh (Cngi l rng thng xanh). 4. Rng tre na thng dc theo sng, sui v chim din tch khng ln. Ch : Cho hc sinh nu tn mt s loi cy, c c trng ca mi kiu rng. a) ng vt: (GV cho cc em hc sinh tho lun theo nhm v k tn cc loi ngvt VQG theo cc loi sau). Chim: Th ln: Lng c: B st: Cn trng: C: H ng vt rng ca VQG Yok n rt phong ph v a dng; c rtnhiu loi th rng, chim, b st, ch nhi, cn trng. Trong c nhng ngvt qu v him nh: Voi chu , B tt, B rng, Nai c tong, h, Chim cng... III - Kt lun VQG Yok n c din tch t nhin l 115.545 ha, nm trong a phn ca 4 x thuc 3 huyn: Bun n, C Jut v Ea Sup. Trong Vn c 4 kiu rng chnh, trong rng khp chim din tch ln nht. VQG Yok n l ni sinh sng ca nhiu loi ng vt, trong c nhiu loi qu nh: Voi Chu , B tt, Cng... IV. Bi tp 1. VQG Yok n c bao nhiu kiu rng chnh v k tn ca chng ? 2. VQG Yok n nm trn a phn ca x, huyn no ? 3. Tm hiu cc loi ng vt qu v him sng trong VQG Yok n ? 4. Hy v mt kiu rng hoc mt con vt VQG Yok n m em thch nht. V - hot ng ngoi khA T chc cho hc sinh tham quan VQG Yok n. 8 Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng

10. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 BI s 2 : tm hiu v th mc ch - Gip cc em hc sinh tm hiu v c im sinh hc ca loi th. - Tm hiu cc mi e da n cc loi th hoang d. - Nng cao nhn thc bo v cc loi ng vt sng trong t nhin. I - gii thiu chung Th l nhm ng vt c xng sng v tn ti cch y khong 225triu nm. Tri t hin c trn 4.500 loi th ang sinh sng. Kch thc cacc loi th rt khc nhau: C con nh xu nh chut v ch di khong 4 cm,c con li nng ti hng trm tn nh c voi... Th hin l loi ng vt c khnng tin ha cao nht v c h thn kinh pht trin nht. Th phn b khpmi ni trn th gii bi chng c kh nng thch nghi cao nhng mitrng sng khc nhau. Th l ng vt mu nng nn n c th tn ti c nhng mi trngm nhit bn ngoi c coi l qu thp i vi cc loi ng vt mulnh. iu ny to cho th mt li th hn hn so vi loi b st ng thi choqu trnh tin ha ca n. Cn c vo cc c im c th ca th, ngi ta phn th thnh Lp th trng v Lp th c ti. II - Hot ng 1. c im phn bit gia th vi cc lp ng vt khc. (Gio vin gip cc em hc sinh tm hiu v cc c im sinh hc caloi th thng qua cc chnh sau). - C th ca th c ph mt lp lng v lp lng ny lin quan mt thit n vic iu chnh nhit c th. - Th m c kh nng con v nui con bng sa v dy cho chng cc k nng cn thit tn ti v pht trin trong mi trng sng nh tm kim con mi, v mi, ln trnh k th... Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 9

11. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 - B rng phn ha thnh rng ca, rng nanh v rng hm. - Tim c 4 ngn v b no rt pht trin nn thng minh hn cc loi ng vt khc. - L loi ng vt ng nhit (nhit c th n nh v khng thay i theo nhit ca mi trng xung quanh). 2. S tin ha ca loi th Loi th tin ha nht trong mi loi th trn tri t ny l loi ngi.Loi ngi c b no ln nht so vi cc loi ng vt khc t trc n nay.Vi kh nng v tr tu ca mnh, con ngi ny cng tr nn cc k tinhthng trong mi hot ng thay i mi trng sng ca mnh cng nh trongvic s dng nhng cng c ci to thin nhin. Tuy nhin, chnh nhngcng c y v ang e da ti s sng ca cc loi sinh vt khc. Hy tho lun v cc hnh ng thiu trch nhim ca loi ngi ang eda n s sng ca cc loi th v cc sinh vt khc trn tri t. 3. Th trong Vn Quc gia Yok n. Vn Quc gia Yok n l ni c tr ca nhiu loi th. Theo nghincu gn y nht ca cc nh khoa hc th hin nay Vn c ti 70 loi thang sinh sng. Trong c 25 loi l nhng loi qu him v cn c bov nh loi Voi, Nai C tong, B Tt, Voc Bc, Vn m Vng... 4. Mi e da no i vi cc loi Th sng trong Vn Quc giaYok n. Cc loi th sinh sng trong khu vc Vn Quc gia ang phi i mtvi nhiu mi e da do cc hot ng ca ngi dn trong vng nh: - Ph rng ly t trng trt. - Sn bt. - Cht h cy ln ly g lm nh. - Cht h cy con lm ci... Cc hot ng ny lm cho din tch rng b thu hp nhanh chng, lmmt mi trng sng v hn ch ngun thc n ca cc loi th. S lng cacc loi th Yok n s ngy cng gim v dn n nguy c tuyt chng. 10 Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng

12. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 - Ti sao ni 4 hot ng trn ca ngi dn a phng s lm gim slng cc loi th sng Vn Quc gia Yok n v mt s loi c nguyc tuyt chng ? - Hy b sung thm v tho lun v cc hot ng ca ngi dn aphng m c nh hng xu n i sng ca cc loi th Vn Qucgia Yok n iii - tm tt S khc bit gia th v cc loi ng vt khc l c th ca th c ph mt lp lng, th m c kh nng con v nui con bng sa, b rng phn ha thnh rng ca, rng nanh v rng hm, tim c 4 ngn, b no rt pht trin v l loi ng vt ng nhit. Vn Quc gia Yok n l ni c ng ca nhiu loi th qu him nh: Voi Chu , B Tt, Nai C Tong, Voc Bc, Vn m Vng... Tuy nhin, chng ang ng trc nguy c b e da n s sng v cc hot ng thiu trch nhim ca con ngi. Iv - Cu hi v bi tp 1. Theo em, hn ch cc mi e da ti cc loi th sng trong VQGYok n th kh hay d ? C th thc hin c khng ? 2. Em hy gi mt vi cch thc hin hn ch cc mi e do tis sng ca cc loi th hin c trong VQG Yok n ? 3. Hy lit k mt s vt nui trong gia nh thuc loi th. 4. Hy c tnh s lng cc loi th b bt, by v bn mi ngy Vn. Tnh xem khi no Vn khng cn loi th no ht nu chng tip tcb sn bt vi s lng nh vy. Em c th lm g hn ch tnh trng snbn ny ? 5. Em hy vit mt cu chuyn theo tr tng tng ca mnh k v sly tn ca mt gia nh nh th khi con ngi ph rng lm ry, tn ph ni ca gia nh th. Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 11

13. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 V - Tham kho Lch s tin hA ca Th Trc i Trung sinh (cch y khong 225 triu nm), tt c cc loing vt u sng di nc. Khong gia v cui i C sinh (cch ykhong 600 triu nm), loi c c xng sng xut hin v tr thnh loi sinhvt lng c u tin trn tri t va sng trn cn va sng di nc. Mts loi trong s ln khi mt nc v tr thnh ng vt sng trn cn.ng vt l loi B st. Trong i Trung sinh (cch y khong 225 n 65 triu nm) nhiu loib st k trn bin thnh nhng loi khc nhau, trong c mt loi cbit l loi Th nh mu nng u tin. Cc loi b st thch nghi nhanh chng vi mi trng sng v tin havi cc hnh dng, kiu sng khc nhau. Chng c nhng vng sng rngln trn tri t. Loi thng tr cc loi khc l loi Khng long to ln. Tip theo l cuc i tuyt chng din ra cch y khong 65 triu nm.Nguyn nhn l mt thin thch khng l va chm vo tri t. Sau v vachm, tri t b bi v ha cht bay trong bu kh quyn. nh sng khng ltc xung mt t trong nhiu nm di nn tri t tr nn lnh gi. Thmha ny git cht khong 90% sinh vt trn tri t sinh sng thi im . V khng iu chnh c nhit c th vi kh hu lnh v mi thayi bn ngoi nn cc loi Khng long hu nh khng th sng st c.Trong khi , nh c nhng li th so vi cc loi B st nn loi Th sngst cho ti khi kh hu tr nn n nh. Cc loi th nh pht trin mnh m ngay sau kt thc k th hai v btu k th ba. L do l cc loi thc vt cng pht trin mnh nn cc loiTh c nhng ngun thc n di do. ng c, rng nhit i v rng rngpht trin cung cp nhiu mi trng sng cho cc loi ng vt. Vo khong 15 n 5 triu nm trc, vch tin ha ca H ngi tchkhi t tin ca loi Kh cao ln c hnh ngi. H Homo xut hin ChuPhi cch y khong 2 triu nm. H ny tr thnh loi Th thng minh nhttng sng n ngy nay trn tri t. chnh l Loi ngi... 12 Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng

14. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Bi s 3 : S thch nghi ca ng vt MC CH - Gip cc em hc sinh tm hiu - V khi nim thch nghi. - Cc dng thch nghi ca ng vt I - Gii thiu chung Thch nghi l g ? Thch nghi c th l s tin ha, thay i v c im c th (nh: Cckiu rng, bn chn, m, cnh...) L s thay i tp tnh sinh hot v s thayi cc yu t mi trng nh: m, nhit , nh sng, cao. S thchnghi cn c th hin bng hin tng ngy trang kim n, ln trn saocho ph hp vi mi trng sng. * Ni tm li, Thch nghi l s thay i c im ca ng vt c lin quann vic t iu chnh ca c th ph hp vi s thay i ca mi trng sng. II - Hot ng 1. Cc dng thch nghi: (GV ln lt nu tn cc dng thch nghi v chocc em hc sinh k tn cc loi c kiu thch nghi v mc ch l g). a) Ngy trang bng hnh dng, mu sc: (Loi, Mc ch). C rt nhiu ng vt c mu sc hay hnh dng c th ging mi trngbn ngoi nn rt kh nhn thy, v d: vt, h, b l, b que, rn lc... Mt s loi ng vt thay i mu sc theo ma hay thay i mu sckhi di chuyn v d: Tc k hoa... b) Ngy trang bng mi: (Loi, Mc ch). Mt s loi ng vt tit ra cc cht c mi c hay mi kh chu xuaui k th (V d: Chn hi thng tit ra mt cht dch rt hi lm k thkh chu v ln trn). Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 13

15. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 c) Ngy trang bng m thanh: (Loi, Mc ch). Mt s loi ng vt n tht thng bt chc m thanh ca con mi vn tht chng. Ngc li chng c th bt chc m thanh ca cc loi ngvt n tht khc xua ui k th (v d: bm bt chc m thanh ca ongcha nn c th chui vo t v n cc con non). d) Bt chc: Nhiu loi ng vt thng bt chc hnh dng hoc mu sc ca nhngloi c c nh la k th. iu ny gip chng c th trnh s tn cngca k th m khng cn chy trn. e) T v: ng vt thng s dng kh nng t v trn trnh hay chng li kth. S thay i v tp tnh hay c im c th thng lm cho con vt trnn hung d trc k th (v d: con mc khi b tn cng thng thi ra mthp cht mu en nh la th gic ca k th v chy trn). g) Ln trn: Mt s loi thng sinh sng hay lm t nhng ni thch hp v trnhc s tn cng ca k th (V d: Chim thng lm t trn cy, Th, Dithng sng trong lng t, hang ng...). h) Di c: Khi thi tit thay i, mt s loi s di c n ni sinh sng khc tmkim thc n, ni tr n, trn trnh s nng bc hay lnh but. V d: Khima kh n cc loi ng vt trong VQG Yok n thng ri khi cc khurng khp (v rng rng ht l) di chuyn n cc khu rng thng xanh, bnthng xanh tm ni tr n, thc n, nc ung... (Hay v d v s di c camt s loi chim). Con ngi c kh nng thch nghi khng ? cho v d: (y l phn m rng nhm gip cc em hc sinh thy c kh nngsng to ca con ngi trong vic thch nghi vi cuc sng v mi trng). - Chng ta lm g khi tri lnh ? Mc thm o m, t la si. - Chng ta lm g khi tri nng ? - Vng hay c l lt ng bo lm nh theo kiu no. - Ti sao ng bo a phng c truyn thng lm nh sn. 14 Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng

16. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 III - Tm Tt Thch nghi l s ph hp cc cu trc c th hoc tp tnh sng ca sinh vt i vi mi trng nhm gip sinh vt tn ti. Nhng bin i v mi trng sng v s cnh tranh khin cho s thch nghi ca sinh vt tr nn a dng vi nhng kiu thch nghi khc nhau nh: Ngy trang, bt trc, t v ln trnh... IV - bi tp v nh 1. Hy nu cc dng thch nghi ? Cho v d c th ? 2. Nu tn mt s loi c mt s kiu thch nghi khc nhau ph hpvi mi trng sng Yok n. 3. Thch nghi ca sinh vt c vai tr nh th no i vi s sinh tn cath gii sinh vt ? 4. Tm trong khu vn hoc cnh rng gn nh mt s cn trng nh: BNga, Bm, Su... sau hy quan st tht k ghi li nhng c im vc th ca chng (Nh: Mu sc, hnh dng, mi t c th chng pht ra...) vcho bit nhn xt ca mnh ? 5. Bn hy quan st: Tru, B, Nga, Ln (Heo), G, Vt... Bn hy ghili cc c im trn c th chng m nhng c im ny gip chng tnti c. (Nh: Chic sng ca con tru, b lng, chic m ca con vt... ccc im ni ln iu g ? 6. Bn hy vit mt bi lun ngn v s thch nghi ca loi ngi tnti. Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 15

17. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 V - Tham kho Cu To M Chim - C nhiu dng khc nhau thch nghi vi vic kim n nh: - M chim Bi c di v to thch hp vi vic bt tm c di nc. - M vt cu to nh hai gng km, c s dng rt li hi khi cn kp. - M b nng thng c hm di rng v su, c tc dng trong vicxc c. - Loi chim n su b thng c m nh v nhn, c cu to nh mtci kim, thch hp bt su b v cn trng. - Cc loi chim n su b trn cy c m hi qup xung di, c tcdng moi su b ln trong cc khe hp, k l. - Cc loi chim n tht nh: Ct, Diu hu, Chim ng... c b m to,cng v cnh sc. * Cu to hnh dng ca cn trng: - B l c c th ging hnh chic l. Mu sc v hnh dng ca chngip cho chn khng ging tht v lm cho vt sn mi kh nhn ra mi hn.Mu lc v mu nu ha ln vi ni c l xung quanh. - C th b que c mu lc hoc nu. C th di, thon c chn mnh vru. Ban ngy, chng trnh s tn cng ca k th bng cch treo mnh btng trn cy v cy bi khin chng trng ht mt cnh cy. - Mt s cn trng thng c mt gi nh la k th nh: Bm,Mi... - Mt s cn trng khc li thay i mu sc c th ph hp vi mitrng nh: Chu chu c c th mu xanh ha ln vi c, Ra cn thng cmai mu xm ging mu ca ... 16 Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng

18. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Bi s 4 : Nc v rng Yok n MC CH Gip hc sinh tm hiu h thng sng, sui, ao, h... rng Yok n qua tm hiu mi quan h gia nc v rng. I - gii thiu chung 1. Mi quan h gia nc v rng. C th ni, rng ng vai tr quan trng trong vic iu ha lng nctrn mt t. Lp thm mc di tn rng c tc dng nh l mt tm xpcch nhit lm gim lng nc bc hi, gi m cho t. Nc ma ritrn rng, mt phn c cc tn cy gi li, mt phn chy theo cnh, thnxung t, nn tc nc chy chm hn. Quan trng hn, lp thm mcdi tn rng c kh nng gi li mt phn nc rt ln. Phn nc ny thmdn xung lp t su, ti tng nc ngm, to thnh dng chy trong lng tsau chng chy vo cc ch thp trn mt t, to thnh sui ni lin vicc dng sng. Tm li, rng c kh nng gi li phn ln lng nc ma vhn ch l lt, xi mn t. Chnh ngun nc c rng gi li s nui sngcc loi ng, thc vt trong rng, lm cho rng thm a dng v phong ph. 2. H thng sng, sui, ao, h... Yok n. Khu vc Vn Quc gia Yok n nm trong vng kh hu nhit i gima, c hai ma r rt: Ma ma v ma kh. Ma ma t thng 4 n thng 10, tp trung lng ma ti 93,5% lngma c nm, tng lng ma trung bnh t nm 1990 n 2000 l 1.588 mm,lng bc hi l 1.470mm. Ma kh t thng 11 n thng 3 nm sau, lng ma khng ng k vthng b kh hn vo cui ma kh, thiu nc cho n ung, sinh hot v snxut, gy kh khn cho i sng ca cc loi ng vt v nhn dn trongvng. V th, h thng sng sui, ao h trong khu vc Vn Quc gia Yokn c vai tr ht sc quan trng. Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 17

19. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 H thng sng sui, ao h trong khu vc VQG Yok n nm trong luvc sng M Kng. Ngun nc quan trng nht l nhnh sng Srpk. Phnchy qua Vn di khong 60 km. Sng c nhiu thc ghnh, kh i li bngthuyn. Ngoi ra, cn c nhiu sui nh nh: k Na, k Nor, k Ken,k Lau, v cc h nc nm ri rc trong Vn... Hu ht cc sui ny ucn nc theo ma. Ii - Hot ng 1. Mi quan h gia nc v rng. (GV cho hc sinh tho lun v mi quan h gia nc v rng thng quavai tr ca chng i vi cuc sng v mi trng). a) Vai tr ca rng: - Cung cp lm sn (G, sn phm rng, tho dc v.v...). - iu ha kh hu. - Lm ni sinh sng cho cc loi ng vt. - iu ha lng nc trn tri t (Nhn mnh ny). b) Vai tr ca nc i vi rng: - Nc nui sng cc loi thc vt v ng vt trong rng, lm cho rngthm a dng v phong ph. 2. H thng sng sui trong khu vc Vn Quc gia Yok n. (Gio vin s dng bn v h thng sng, sui, ao, h... ca Yok n ch cho cc em thy c h thng sng, sui, ao, h ca Yok n). Lu : Vi hc sinh rng mc d khu vc Vn Quc gia Yok n ch thng sng, sui, ao, h... dy c nh th nhng thc t vo ma kh, huht cc con sui, ao h ny u cn nc, gy kh khn cho con ngi v ccloi sinh vt sng trong vng. Chng ta c th lm g bo v ngun nc cng nh bo v rng. 18 Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng

20. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 III - Tm tt Vn Quc gia Yok n c h thng sng, sui, ao, h... dy c tuy nhin vo ma kh ch c sng Srpk v mt s con sui chnh nh sui Dak Ken, Dak Lau, Dak Tol l cn c nc. y l ngun nc rt quan trng cho tt c cc loi ng vt Vn Quc gia Yok n. Vic bo b ngun nc cng nh vic bo v rng l mt yu cu cp thit, khng phi l nhim v ca ring ai m l trch nhim ca mi ngi. IV - Bi tp v nh 1. Tm hiu xem a phng/khu vc em ang sinh sng c sng sui ao,h... g khng ? Nu c hy cho thy c cng cc bn bit nc nh thno ? c chy quanh nm khng ? v li ch ca nc i vi khu vc lg ? 2. Ngi dn a phng ni em sinh sng c nhng hot ng no mem cho l nh hng khng tt n rng v h thng sng, sui, ao, h ? (chtcy ly g, ph rng lm nng ry, cht cy rng lm ci...). V - Bi c tham kho V sao ni : Rng l kho vng xanh? Rng xanh gip con ngi gi c ngun nc cn dng. Mi khi maln, khong 25% nc ma b cc tn l gi li, 15% b ht vo lp l cy khmc trn mt t, 35% thm xung t v ch c 25% nc ma chy i. Mi hecta t rng c th gi c thm 300 m3 nc ma so vi tkhng c rng cy bao ph. Nu ta trng 5 vn hecta rng s tng ng vixy dng mt h cha nc dung tch 15 triu m3. cc rng thng lu nm,mi hecta mt t c khong 5-13 tn cnh, l kh mc c hm lng nc t34,7 - 82,3 %, tc l mi hecta mt t ny cha 12 - 28 tn nc. Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 19

21. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Rng xanh cn bo v lp t mu m trn mt t. Trung Quc minm lng cht mu m trn mt t b nc ma cun tri nhiu hn snlng phn m sn xut ra hng nm ca nc ny. Rng xanh cn l ni tr ng, sinh sng ca cc loi ng, thc vthoang d, trong c rt nhiu loi ng, thc vt qu him. Nhiu loi cythuc qu, nhiu loi thc phm cao cp, nhiu loi chim, th qu u sinhsng trong rng. Rng cng rm, cc loi ng, thc vt qu cng nhiu.Ngoi vic cung cp cho con ngi nhng sn phm qu gi, rng xanh cniu ha kh hu, bo v ng rung min xui, cc loi chim th trongrng cn tiu dit cc loi cn trng c hi v chut trn cnh ng c, cuvt cho con ngi nhng thit hi to ln v mt kinh t nng lm nghip. Hinnay nhiu khu rng trn th gii c khai thc thnh cng vin thinnhin hoc khu vc bo v t nhin em li nhiu li ch kinh t, x hi to lncho con ngi. Nhng sn vt phong ph ca rng xng ng l mt kho tnggien di truyn qu bu ca thin nhin, trong mt s gien ca ng vt quhim rt c th tr thnh nhng ti sn v gi ca con ngi. Nu rng xanhb ph hy, mt s gien qu c th s mi mi mt i khng bao gi b pc. 20 Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng

22. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Bi s 5 : Tm quan trng ca loi lng c MC CH - Gii thiu chung v loi lng c. - Cu to c th v tp tnh sinh hot. - Gi tr ca loi lng c. I - GiI THIU Lng c bt ngun t ting Hy lp, c ngha l i sng kp - Cth sng v hat ng trn cn v di nc. Phn ln cc loi lng c triqua giai on u trng di nc, khi trng thnh chuyn ln sng trn cn.Lng c c th sng c nhng ni c ma kh cn, khi y cc loi lng cnh ch nhi o hang, hoc lm t nh ci kn trnh mt hi nc. Lng c l ng vt mu lnh (Ngha l nhit c th thay i tytheo nhit mi trng). Chng c xng sng ging nh c, b st, chimv th nhng khng cn n thng xuyn gi thn nhit nh ng vt munng (th v chim); vic n ung ca chng tng hay gim ty theo nhit v mc hat ng ca chng. Cc loi lng c ngy nay c chia thnh 3 nhm: Nhm ch v Cc;nhm sa ging, k nhng v lng c dng ln; v nhm lng c dng giunt c bit n. Chim ch yu trong h nh lng c l cc loi ch nhinn i khi ngi ta gi loi lng c l loi ch nhi. Phn ln cc loi lng c rt c ch cho con ngi nn chng ta cn bov v t chc nui mt s loi. Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 21

23. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Ii - Hot ng 1. Cu to c th. (G/V dng hnh v trong quyn sch Lng C, t sch kin thc th hmi, trang 6-7 gip cc em phn bit v miu t 3 nhm lng c khcnhau. G/V c th nu cu hi n gin trong kh nng ca hc sinh cc emng gp xy dng bi). - Nhm ch v Cc: u to, mm rng, mt li, thn thng mp, khngui. Chi sau di hn chi trc, v c mt on gt ph i vi chi bn trnbn chn di; c l gip chng sn ui, nhy li hoc lao bt cht vo cntrng di ng. Da nhn, nht l in hnh ca ch. - Nhm Sa ging, K nhng v lng c dng ln: u sa ging v knhng hp, mt v ming nh hn so vi ch v cc; Thn di ging dng thnln v thng c ui rt di. Bn chn u di v c kch thc nh nhau vvy chng di chuyn chm hoc nhanh va phi bt cn trng di chuynchm v giun t lm thc n. - Nhm lng c dng giun: Trn c th lng c dng giun c cc tkhin n ging giun, nhng ci u ging c mp v hm rng hnh kimchng t n khng phi l giun. Mt s loi c vy b t ging nh vy c gia cc t. 2. Tp tnh sinh hot. (G/V hi mt s cu hi sau hc sinh tr li sau tm tt li). a) Vai tr ca nc i vi cc loi lng c: Nc rt quan trng i cc loi lng c. Chng th bng da v phinn cn nc ngt gi cho da m t. Hu ht cc loi lng c cn nc sinh sn v cho phn i u trng sng di nc. b) Da ca cc loi lng c v s bin i mu sc ca da c tc dngg trong i sng ca chng ? 22 Chng trnh Giao dc Moi trng

24. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Da lng c tit ra dch nhy gi m v bo v n khi b hi: Mts loi chng chi li k th bng cch pht trin tuyn c di da v dngmu sc sc s cnh bo k th. ch v cc dng da th, lm thot hoc ht nc, to ra cc kiumu sc v du hiu t v, thu ht bn ghp i. Lp da ngoi ca nhiu lng c sa mc b bong to thnh mt cikn, hn ch s mt nc. Mu sc ca lng c rt a dng, t xanh, , vng ti ti nu v lcxn, vi nhiu sc v m. Lng c thng c mu ha ln vo mi trngchung quanh ngy trang, ln trn k th hoc sn mi. Mt s c murc r cho vt sn mi thy rng n chng l c. Mu sc ca lng c cng c th gip hp th hoc phn x nhit,hoc thu ht bn ghp i. Mu ca lng c thay i theo m v nhit ,c th tr nn nht khi tri m v kh, sm hn khi tri lnh v m. c) Thc n v tp tnh kim n ca cc loi lng c ? Phn ln lng c n hu ht cc sinh vt no m chng c th nutchng. Thc n ch yu cho cc lng c trng thnh l cn trng, nhn, cv giun t. Mt s ch v cc nh hn ch n kin v mi. Nhng loi lnhn nh ch sng c th n c chut; mt s loi n tht ln nhau. Cc loi lng c thng t nhi nht nu ngun thc n di do tchtr nng lng phng khi khan him. Lng c c cu to mt c bit l chnhn thy cc vt chuyn ng do vy chng ch c th bt v n cc con vtchuyn ng. d) S sinh sn ca lng c ? Cc loi lng c u trng di nc. Sau khi trng n, lng c btu vng i ca mnh bng giai on u trng nng nc sng hon tontrong nc. Nng nc c cu to hon ton khc vi b m ca chng: ulin vi thn, c ui di v khng c chn, sng hon ton di nc v thbng mang. Sau t 12 n 16 tun nng nc pht trin thnh ch nhi con,ui teo bin dn, chn mc y . Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 23

25. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 3. Gi tr ca cc loi lng c (G/V hi hc sinh). Hu ht cc loi lng c u c ch: Chng n cn trng c hi cho cyci, ma mng v cc sinh vt trung gian gy bnh nh rui mui. Nhng loich nhi c ln c gi tr thc phm cao. Bt cc dng lm thuc cha suydinh dng cho tr em. Nha cc dng ch lc hon cha kinh git. Ngoi rachng cn c gi tr v a dng sinh hc. III - Kt lun Cc loi lng c rt c ch cho chng ta: Ngoi gi tr v a dng sinh hc, chng cn gip tiu dit cc loi cn trng c hi v cc sinh vt trung gian gy hi; Mt s loi lng c c th c s dng lm thc n v l nhng v thuc rt c gi tr. Do chng ta phi c bin php nui dng, bo v v s dng chng hp l c th thu li t chng nhng khng gy hi n chng v lm mt cn bng mi trng sinh thi. IV - Bi tp 1. Nu vng i ca cc loi lng c; Gii thch v sao chng c gil lng c. 2. K tn mt s loi lng c ph bin khu vc em . Em phi lm g bo v chng ? V - Bi tham kho CNG CHA V HONG T CC Ngy xa c mt c cng cha xinh p. Cng cha sng trong cungin cng vi vua cha v by ch em khc. Cng cha c mt qu bng bngvng. Hng ngy cng cha chi a vi qu bng ca mnh trong vn cacung in. Cui khu vn c mt ci ao rt su v ti. Lc thi tit nng nccng cha rt thch chi gn ao. Tht khng may, c mt ln cng cha nhri qu bng vng xung ao. Cng cha rt bun, ngi cnh b ao v khc rtnhiu. t nhin cng cha nghe thy mt ging ni: ng khc, tha cng cha!. Cng cha m mt ra v nhn thy mtcon cc mu xanh rt to. 24 Chng trnh Giao dc Moi trng

26. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Xin hy gip ta! Cng cha ni, Ta khng th ly qu bng lnc. Ti s gip cng cha nu ti c th sng cng vi cng cha trongcung in con cc ni. Vng, vng, d nhin l c, ta ha cng cha ni ngay. Th l con cc nhy ngay vo nc v sau nhy ln cng vi qubng. Cng cha ci vang, cm ly qu bng chy nhanh vo trong cungin v khng ngh g n con cc. Cc rt gin. N theo cng cha vo cungin v k li mi chuyn vi nh vua. ha th phi gi li Cc ni. ng nh vua p v cho gi cng cha ti, Ngi ni Con gi ca ta,con ha th phi gi li. Hy mang con cc ny vo phng con v chmsc n cn thn. Cng cha li khc nhng vng li vua cha mang Cc vo phng v tn ln ging. Cng cha, xin nng hy hn ta Cc nhn cng cha v th thm niCng cha nhm mt li v lm theo li Cc yu cu. Ngay lp tc, Cc binthnh mt Hong t khi ng tun t. Cc em bit chuyn g xy ra tip theo khng ? D nhin, Cng cha v hang t yu thng nhau. Sau mt tun, mtm ci linh nh xy ra, hang t v ng cha sng hnh phc bn nhautrn i. Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 25

27. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Bi s 6 : Cc mi e da i ti ti nguyn ng vt v thc vt ca Vn quc gia Yok n Mc ch Gip hc sinh tm hiu: - Ngun ti nguyn ng thc vt ca Vn Quc gia Yok n. - Nhng mi e do n ngun ti nguyn thin nhin. - Tm ra nguyn nhn v gii php cho vn ny. I - Gii thiu chung Vn quc gia Yok n l ni tr ng cho mt s ln th v loi thcvt trong c nhiu loi c lit k trong Sch v nhng loi nguy cp.Cc s liu thng k gn y cho thy Vn quc gia Yok n c 70 loi th,250 loi chim, 48 loi b st, 16 loi lng c, 30 loi c. Bn cnh , VnQuc gia Yok n c 474 loi thc vt bc cao. Ngoi ra Vn Quc giacn l ni quy t nhiu kiu rng. Hin nay, c rt nhiu mi e do nngun ti nguyn ng thc vt ca Vn quc gia Yok n. C nhng mie da t ngun gc thin nhin nhng cng c nhng mi e da li do conngi gy ra. Hu qu ca nhng mi e da ny l chy rng, mt rng, ximn, nhim, cc loi b tiu dit. n lc chng ta phi c nhng binphp thch hp hn ch tc ng t nhng mi e da . II - Hot ng Gio vin chun b sn mt s hnh ca cc loi ng vt ca Vn Qucgia Yok n sau yu cu hc sinh nhn dng l nhng loi no. Mimt loi gio vin ch cn chun b 1 hnh tng trng. Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 26

28. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 V d: Voi (th), Gi y Java (chim), k (b st), ch nhi(lng c) Tng t gio vin cng c th gii thiu cho hc sinh lm quen vi hthc vt ca Vn Quc gia Yok n thng qua hnh nh. Trong trng hpny gio vin ch yu cho hc sinh lm quen vi cc kiu rng hin nay caVn Quc gia. - Rng khp. - Rng thng xanh. - Rng sm rng l. Cc em thy c h ng, thc vt ca Vn quc gia Yok n rtphong ph nhng thc t th ngun ti nguyn ng, thc vt ny v angb nhiu mi e da do con ngi gy ra. Cc em c bit l nhng mi eda no khng ? a) Chia nhm thnh 4 nhm, mt nhm tm ra nguyn nhn gy chyrng, mt nhm tm nguyn nhn gy mt rng, mt nhm tm nguyn nhncc loi b tiu dit, v mt nhm tm ra nguyn nhn gy nhim ngunnc. Sau cc nhm c i din ln bng vit ra nguyn nhn m nhmmnh tm c. Chy rng: t nng lm ry, v em la vo rng. Mt rng: Cht cy ly g. Cc loi b tiu dit: Mt mi trng sng (ni ), b sn bn, chn thgia sc (tru b i li gim lm cht mt s cy con). nhim ngun nc : th rc, phng u, ho cht... b) Sau khi cc nhm tm ra nguyn nhn cho cc em tip tc lm victheo nhm c tm ra hu qu ca nhng mi e da . Chy rng: Hy dit ton b sinh vt sng trong khu rng, mt nhiunm sau rng mi ti sinh... * Mt rng: ng vt mt mi trng sng, mt thm thc vt... * Cc loi b tiu dit: Mt s loi s b mt i (tuyt chng), cc loikhc b mt i do khng c thc n, khng c ni ... Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 27

29. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 * Nc b nhim: Cc ng vt thy sinh khng sng c, ng vtkhng c ngun nc ung, con ngi khng c nc s dng... * Tho lun nhm: Chng ta c th lm g hn ch nhng mi e da ? III - Tm tt Ngun ti nguyn ng, thc vt Vn Quc gia Yok n rt phong ph. Tuy nhin nhng mi e da do hot ng ca con ngi gy ra ang nh hng n ngun ti nguyn qu gi ny. Nu chng ta khng cng nhau bo v ngun ti nguyn ny v hn ch nhng tc ng xu do con ngi gy ra th chng bao lu na ngun ti nguyn ng, thc vt ca Vn Quc gia Yok n s khng tn ti na. IV - Bi tp v nh 1. Theo em th ngi dn a phng ni em sinh sng c gy tc ngxu n h thc vt v ng vt ca Vn Quc gia Yok n hay khng ?Nu c th bng nhng cch thc no ? 2. Hy ngh ra mt cu khu hiu ku gi mi ngi hy bo v h ngthc vt Vn Quc gia Yok n. 3. c bi tham kho sau hy tr li xem v sao s lng loi chimngy cng gim ? v - Bi c tham kho V sao cn yu mn bo v chim ? Chim l k th t nhin ca cc loi su b ph hoi nng nghip.Loi c mo m mt s ngi ght b l bn c ch ca b con nngdn, trong mt ma h mt con c mo c th tiu dit 1.000 conchut ng. Tiu dit 1000 con chut ng c ngha l dnh li tming chut 1.000 kg thc. 28 Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng

30. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Li ch ca loi chim i vi con ngi tt nhin l khng ch dngli . Chng ta d dng nhn ra vai tr v s ca chim i vi nngnghip quan trng nh th no. ng tic l hin nay s lng cc loi chim ang gim i nhanhchng. Th phm chnh lm gim s lng chim, tic thay, li chnh lcon ngi! Trn th gii c mt s ngi rt thch bn v sn bt chim. cc thnh ph ta thy cnh ngi xch sng i lang thang tm chim bn, c ngi cn xch c xu chim hoc c gnh chim i bn.Thc ra c ngi bn chim ch ly lm tr tiu khin ch khng bity l tr chi ti c nguy him. ng nhin c ngi sn bn chim kim sng. Ngoi ra s nhim mi trng khin cc loi chim kh b sinhtn. Ngay c vng nng thn chim cng kh sinh sng v nhiu l do:Lng thuc tr su tn ti mi ni xm nhp vo c th chimchc. Nng thuc tr su DDT khi xm nhp vo c th s tnggp 858 ln nng DDT trong khng kh. l nguyn nhn gycht hi v lm gim nhanh chng s lng cc loi chim, thm chkhin chim khng th sinh sn duy tr ni ging. Thm vo l viccht ph rng, san lp h m ly, khai ph cc bi bi... lm mt nic tr ca nhiu loi chim, dn n bi kch cc n chim ngy cnggim bt. S tuyt chng ca bt k loi sinh vt no cng c ngha l loIsinh vt s mt i mi mi. Hin nay trn th gii mi nm bnhqun c mt loi chim b tuyt chng. Bng nhng tnh cm bc xctha thit nht, chng ta hy ng thanh ku gi : Hi cc bn ! Hyyu qu v bo v cc loi chim !. Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 29

31. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Bi s 7 : Gii thiu v mt s loi cy c rng khp vn quc gia yok n Mc ch Gip hc sinh tm hiu v c tnh v mt s cy c trng ca rng khp. I - Gii thiu Rng khp Yok n c xem l h sinh thi rng kh hn in hnh khu vc ng Nam . y l kiu rng chim din tch ln nht trong Vn(92,33%). c trng c bn d nhn bit l mt cy g tha. Tn rngkhng lin tc, che ph thp. Ngay trong ma ma tt c cc cy rng uxanh l th che ph ti a cng ch t 50-60%, vo ma kh che phca rng coi nh khng ng k, rng tr ln x xc tiu iu, to iu kincho tng thm ti pht trin. Cy rng u c v dy, sn si nt su, hocc thn ngm pht trin, chi bp ph y lng hay c l to thch nghi viiu kin kh hn, chng chi vi la rng trong ma kh v y nhanh tc tng trng cho thi gian sinh trng ngn trong ma ma. Rng thngch c 1-2 tng cy g. Tng tn rng thng cao t 10 m n trn 20 m. Thcvt ca tng ny ch yu l cc loi rng l thuc h Du, h Bng, h u vmt vi h khc. l: Du ng), Du tr beng, Du trai, C Chc, Cm Lin,Chiu liu qu kh, Cm xe, Ging hng. Ngoi ra, tng ny cn c ri rc mts loi thng xanh nh K nia, Xoi rng. Tng di tn rng cng rt thatht, ngoi cc cy nh ca tng trn ra cn c nhiu loi khc nh: M tinVng, Mng b, Bnh linh... Tng cy bi v thm ti rt pht trin, c bittrong ma ma. N c to ra khng ch bi cc loi c, cy bi m cn bis ti sinh chi rt mnh lit ca cc loi cy g mi khi ma ma n. Thnhphn cc loi c kh phong ph nhng ph bin nht l Le l c, v C l treKiu rng ny ph hp vi cc loi th ln, c bit l th mng guc. II - Hot ng 1. Gio vin chun b sn hnh v rng khp v sau hi hc sinhai tng i vo rng khu vc Bun n v thy loi rng nh tronghnh ? Em c nhn xt g v rng khp: (Tng rng, c im thc vt). Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 30

32. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 - V tr cc cy: Cch qung gia c thm c v tre. - Vm l: Cao 10- 20 m. - V cy th no (v cy rt dy). - V ma kh: Cy rng l. V sao? ( gim thot hi nc). - Thm c di tn rng th no? (Pht trin mnh c bit vo ma kh). - Ti sao cy trong rng khp c th chng chi vi la (Cy c v dy,c bp bao chi...). Gio vin cng c th cho cc em hc sinh tho lun theo nhm. Sau khicc nhm a ra nhn xt gio vin nh gi v b sung thng tin (da vophn gii thiu). 2. Gio vin gip cc em tm hiu v gi tr ca rng khp: Phn nygio vin c th s dng phng php hi p hoc trnh by gip cc em hiuc gi tr ca rng khp da theo cc sau: - V mt mi trng: (C tc dng iu ha kh hu, hn ch l lt,chng xi mn t). - V mt sinh hc: (Rng khp Yok Don l ni sinh sng ca nhiu loing thc vt, trong c nhiu loi qu him). - V mt kinh t: (Trong rng c nhiu loi cy thuc, v nhiu loi cyg qu). 3. Gio vin chn 3 - 5 loi cy gii thiu cho hc sinh lm quenvi mt s loi cy c trng ca rng khp vn Quc gia Yok n.Gio vin nn chun b sn cc hnh v cc loi cy m s c gii thiutrong bi cho cc em quan st, nhn dng tng loi cy. III. Tm tt. Rng khp Yok n c xem l h sinh thi rng kh hn in hnh khu vc ng Nam . c im ca rng khp l cy tha, l rng, rng l v ma kh. c tnh quan trng ca cc loi cy rng khp l kh nng chng chi cao vi nn chy rng. Rng khp Yok n gi tr trong vic bo tn cc loi ng, thc vt, bo v, iu ha kh hu, ngn chn l lt. Ngoi ra trong rng c nhiu loi cy g qu c gi tr kinh t cao. Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 31

33. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 IV - Bi tp v nh Cc em hy vit mt on vn ngn m t v Vn Quc gia Yokn. (hoc mt khu rng gn nh em). V - Hot ng ngoi kho Cho hc sinh tham quan khu rng khp ca Vn Quc gia Yok n.(Gii thch v gip cc em nhn din mt s loi cy c trng ca rng). Pht ng mt phong tro trng rng trong lp hoc trong trung. Miem hc sinh ch cn trng mt cy. VI - Phn tham kho thm 1. Cm lin. a) M t: Cy g ln, rng l theo ma, cao 10 - 30m. Thn thng, u, tn nhhnh cu. V mu en, nt dc su khng u. Tht v mu . L n nguyn, mc cch hnh tri xoan, di 11 - 22cm, rng 7 - 16cm,nh c mi t, gc hnh tim. Mt trn bng nhn, mt di i khi c lng.Cung mnh, di 2 - 4cm. L km ln. Cm hoa hnh chy, di 10cm nch l hay u cnh. Hoa trung bnh,c cnh di mu , hnh tri xoan phnh g, mt ngoi c lng, di 0,5cm,cnh trng mu vng nht, hnh tri xoan, mt ngoi c lng. Qu hnh trng nhn, di 1 - 2cm, c 3 cnh ln, di 10cm v 2 cnh nhdi 6cm, nh. Cy mc ch yu hay thun loi lm thnh kiu rng cy h Du, kh,tha, rng l theo ma: Rng khp in hnh ca Ty Nguyn, vi vng ini thp c hai ma r rt. Cy mc trn t ct nng, kh, thoi ha, xen vicc kt von v ni. Cy thng phi chu nn chy rng, nn chi mc khe, tt, vn caothay cho chi ngn thng cht kh. Cy a sng, mc chm, chu c hon cnh sng kh khn, thiu nc.Ti sinh khe v cy con mc nhanh. Nu khng b t chy, Cm Lin thunloi s chim u th. 32 Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng

34. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 b) c im v cng dng: G tt, c gic mu nht, li mu nu, th mn, vng nm khngr, tia g rt nh, st nhau. G cng, nng, thng dng trong cc cng trnhxy dng kin trc lu, bn, chu c mi mt, t cong vnh v co rt, thngdng ng mc cao cp, m ngh hay dng qu trong gia nh. 2. Cy Ging hng : a) M t cy: Cy g ln, thng xanh, hay rng l mt phn, cao 25 - 35cm, thnthng, gc c cnh. Tn xe rng, mu xanh bng. Cnh non mu nu nht,nhiu l b trng. V nt dc, mu nu nht bong thnh vy ln khng u. Tht v muvng, dy, c nha ti. L kp lng chim mc cnh, di ti 20cm mang 11 l ph, mc cch,hnh tri xoan thun, u c mi nhn, g trn, mu xanh bng mt trn,hi nht mt di. L ph di 4 - 8cm, rng 1,5 - 3,5cm, gn bn c 12 i. Cm hoa hnh chy nch l, khng phn nhnh, di 5 - 10cm, c lngmu . Hoa mu nht c lng , rt thm, cnh di hp gc hnh chung,c lng, cnh trng ngn, cnh c di 1,5cm, nh 10. Bu c cung v c lng. Qu dt hnh trn, ng knh 4 - 5,5 cm, mu vng nu, cung mnhdi, mp qu dng cnh mng c gn mng li ni r, c mi cong v phacung, c 2 , mi cha 1 ht. Cy mc ri rc trong rng h Du tha kh (rng khp) v rng narng l, rt ph bin Ty Nguyn nh Sa thy, Mng Giang, Ch Prng (GiaLai); Cy chu c t xu kh, nhng mc tt v thng gp tp trung niven khe sui, dc b sng. Cy a sng, sinh trng trung bnh, ti sinh ditn rng km, nhng ny chi khe. b) c im g v cng dng: Cy g qu, ln, c gic li phn bit r, gic mu nu nht, li mu nu, c mi thm du, th mn, chc, nng t trng d=0,843 - 0,90. G khngb mi mt, d gia cng, rt c a chung v vng nm r, vn p, t b ntn, dng ng mc cao cp, lm g lng, dng trong xy dng, ng c qu trong gia nh. Cc u bu trn thn c vn rt p, c gi tr thngphm ln, gi l g lp, lm hng m ngh, chm tr, khc tin... Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 33

35. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 3. Cy g mt (cn gi l g mt). a) M t cy: Cy g ln, thng xanh cao 20 - 40m, thn trn u, phn cnh cao, tnrng, u, hnh . Cnh dai, mm, mu nu hng. V mu nu sm, t nt, bong thnh tng mnh hnh ch nht gn u nhau. L kp lng chim chn vi 3 - 4 i l ph ln, dng bu dc, rng hilm hnh tim nh, gc thon hp, mu xanh lc m, c lng tha mttrn, di 5 - 10cm, rng 3 - 6cm, cung rt ngn. Cm hoa dng chy, tha, di 15 - 25cm, nh cnh hay nch l. Hoamu nht, ln, c lng dy. Qu dt, ng knh 5 - 6cm, gn trn c mi nhn, dt ph y gaithng, nhn, cng. V qu ha g m vn ra, c 1 - 3 ht, di 1 - 1,2cm, rng1 - 1,1cm. Cha cm cng mu vng cam. Cy mc ri rc rng thng xanh l rng m nhit di, ni c caodi 1.000m, gp Ch Prng (Gia Lai), Ayunpa (Kon Tum), k Lk. Cy a sng, mc chm, chu c t xu, kh nhng thng phn btrong rng xen vi cc cy l rng khc ni m t. Ti sinh ht tt, cy conchu bng. b) c im g v cng dng: Cy g ln, rt qu, c gic li phn bit. Li mu hng c vn nu,chng b thm li. Gic mu nht hn. Vng nm kh nhn trn cc mt ct.G rt cng, dn, nhng rt bn, nng, t trng d=0,87, khng b mi mt,chng kh, khng co rt, nt, vnh, dng ng g cao cp, cc cqu trong gia nh, ng tu i bin, lm m ngh, chm tr, lu lnnc bng rt p. 4. Cm xe : a) M t cy: Cy g ln, rng l tng phn, cao 20 - 40m, thn trn thng, gc cbnh, phn cnh sm, ln, di, tn l dy. V mu xm vng hay nht, bong mng mng khng u, nhiu u li.Tht v mu hng . 34 Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng

36. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 L kp lng chim hai ln, cung c tuyn, cung chung di 2 - 5cmmang mt i cung nh v 2 - 6 i l ph dng tri xoan thun u hai u,mu xanh lc bng, gn bn c 12 i, ni r, gn song song. Cm hoa hnh u, ng knh 2cm, hoa nh xp st nhau, mu vngnht cnh di v cnh trng dnh nhau g, nh 10. Bu c lng ngn. Qu dt, ha g cng, dng dao m tu, di 15 cm, rng 5 cm m 2 mnhxon cong, c 6 10 ht, hnh trI xoan dt. Cy mc ri rc trong rng kn thng xanh hay na rng l, khp cctnh Ty Nguyn, thng gp ni ven sng sui ch t su dy, m mt vng i ni thp. Cy a sng, a t ct pha, thot nc. Cy mc khe, tng trngchm. Ti sinh ht di tn rng m mt. b) c im g v cng dng: G rt ln, tt, c gic li phn bit, gic mu vng trng vng nht, limu thm, mn, vng nm kh phn bit, vn khng r, cng, rt bn, khlm, khng b mi mt, chu c ma nng, dng lm t vt, ng tuthuyn (i bin), xy dng, ng xe, ng mc trong gia nh rt bn. 5. C chc (c cht): a) M t cy: Cy g ln, rng l vo ma kh, cao 20 - 30m. Thn hnh tr thng,cnh khng khiu. Tn tha, hnh cu. Cnh non c rnh v c lng xm. V mu xm, kh, dy, nt dc su thnh rnh di khng u. L n, mc cch, hnh mc thun, nh t, gc trn hay lm hnh tim,di 7 - 12cm, rng 4 - 8cm, cung l di 1 - 2,6cm, phin dy mu xanh lcbng. Gn bn 14 - 20 i. L km c lng. Cm hoa dng chm phn nhiu nhnh. Hoa ln, mu vng, cnh di 5,ngoi c lng, cnh trng hnh gii di, nh nhiu: 25 - 30 chic, xp 3 vng.Bu hnh tri xoan thun, c lng, vi ngn, hoa thm. Qu hnh tri xoan, di 2cm, rng 0,6cm, c lng, nh c 5 cnh trong c 3 cnh ln di 5cm vi 9 - 10 gn song song v 2 cnh nh ch di bng na. Cy mc ch yu rng tha, kh (rng khp) khp Ty Nguyn,thng mc ln vi cc cy rng l theo trong h Du, chu c hon cnhsng kh khn, t ct pha nhiu sn si, , kh cn v qua nn la rng. Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 35

37. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Cy a sng, mc khe, tng trng chm, ti sinh chi v ht u ttnu khng b chy. Ma hoa thng 1 - 2, qu chn thng 4 - 6. b) c im g v cng dng: Cy g tt, c gic li phn bit. Gic mu xm nht, li mu nu m,cng, rt nng, t trng d=1,01; th g mn, t mi mt, cong vnh v nt n,d gia cng, ch bin, thng dng trong xy dng, ng tu, ct in, lm nhv ng g trong gia nh. 6. Chiu liu kh (chiu liu cnh): a) M t cy: Cy g ln, rng l theo ma, cao 20 - 30cm. Thn thng, hi c mitrn, nt dc su, cnh nhnh khng khiu, rng. Tn dy, rng. Cnh non clng, sau nhn. V mu xm hay xm en, im cc m trng. Tht v dy, mu ,xp, kh, rn. L n mc gn i, hnh bu dc, di 7 - 20cm, rng 4 - 10cm, u trnc mi, gc lch hnh tim. Cung c tuyn, phin l dai, cng. Gn bn c 1 -2 tuyn. Cung l di 1cm nhn hay c lng. Cm hoa dng bng, di 4 - 17cm c lng. Hoa nh, xp st nhau dyc. Cnh di hp gc hnh chung, c lng, trn chia 5 thy. Bu hnh tr. Qu cao 4 - 6cm, c 5 cnh rng 2,5cm, chy di dc theo qu. Cy mc ch yu rng kh, tha rng l (rng khp) hoc rng narng l, chu c t xu, ct ln si v thiu nc. Cy a sng, sinh trng chm, mc khe, chu c la rng, ti sinh htkm; ni t tt, cy c thn thng cao, trong rng khp, cy cong queo, thp. Ma hoa thng 3 - 5. Qu chn thng 10 - 11. b) c im g v cng dng: G c phm cht tt, gic li phn bit. Gic mu nht. Li mu nu, mn, bn, cng, nng, t trng d = 0,86, t b mi mt, cong vnh, d giacng ch bin, thng dng ng mc gia nh, lm nh, lm ct in, lmt vt, xy dng cu cng... 36 Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng

38. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Bi s 8 : GII THIU MT S CY THUC QU A PHNG Mc ch - Gii thiu cho hc sinh. - Nhng loi cy thuc nam thng gp. - Vai tr ca cy thuc nam cho sc khe con ngi. - Trng v chm sc cy thuc. I - Gii thiu Cy dc liu, hay cn gi l cy thuc, l nhng cy c dng lmthuc b hoc thuc cha bnh. Cy thuc c tc dng cha bnh cho ngiv vt nui. Mt cy thuc c th cha c mt hay nhiu bnh khc nhau. Cy thuc c ngha v cng quan trng i vi ng bo cc dn tc k Lk v hu ht cc lng bn u xa Trung tm y t hoc trm x ca x.V vy mi khi m au, ngi dn cn phi c cy thuc c th cha cmt s bnh ngay ti a phng ca mnh. Nu chng ta khng bit bo v v trng cc cy thuc ny th n mtlc no ngun cy thuc ca chng ta s cn kit, ngi dn s gp nhiukh khn v nguy him n tnh mng nu b bnh tt. II - HoT ng Mt s cy thuc nam c Vn Quc gia Yok n. Gio vin vit sn trn giy kh ln khong 20 tn cy thuc nam cs dng ph bin v c Vn Quc gia Yok n, treo ln bng. Yu cu ccem c cc tn thuc trong vng 1-2 pht (khng c dng bt ghi li,ch cn nh tn cy thuc - phn in nghing, v d: L giang), sau ct tgiy i, gi 4 em xung phong ln bng vit li, em no nh nhiu nht lngi thng cuc. Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 37

39. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Cc cy thuc nh sau: Tn cy thuc 1. L giang. 10. Chiu liu en. 2. H th trng, Mung gai. 11. Trinh n gai. 3. Mung hi, C cht, c nhc 12. Cm xe. Me rng 13. Sen. 4. Cm lai en, chm en. 14. Lc tin, Nhn lng. 5. Mai xun, mai vng. 15. L lt. 6. Sung. 16. Da hu. 7. C tranh. 17. Nhn trn. 8. M tin dy. 9. Trm l . (Gio vin chun b sn mt s cy thuc nam thng c s dng bingi dn a phng. Nu khng c th s dng hnh v sch Tp bithuc - cy thuc; Hi xem cc em c bit tn ca chng khng ? tc dngcha bnh ?. Sau gii thiu cho H/S; Gio vin c th ph t phn giithiu v mt s cy thuc ph bin trong bi ny pht cho mi H/S mt t cc em c ti liu tham kho v tit kim thi gian). H th trng: (Tn ph thng: Kha ba song; tn a phng: Tmchao Nrc) Dy leo, thn tho, c lng t mu nu , thn c m trng. Ln mc i hnh tri xoan, u v gc l t, c lng hai mt. L di 8x4cm.Cm hoa dng tn, di 4-5cm, c lng ph. Qu i i di 8-10cm. Ht clng mo. H th trng phn b kh rng ri trong rng khp, rng bn thngxanh, ven ba rng, ng i. Thn, l v r H th c th dng tr bnh au bng, th t. Mung gai: (Tn ph thng: Cc ca chai; tn a phng: tm tong d) Cy bi leo, thn xanh nht, c gai mc nhn di 0,5 - 1cm. Mc thnhbi dy. 38 Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng

40. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 L kp lng chim hai ln c 8 - 12 cp cung ph; trn mi cung ph ct 8 n 12 cp l cht; l cht nh dng hnh tri xoan 2 u trn, gn giahi lch; l cht di 1,52 cm, rng 0,5 - 0,8 cm. Trn sng cung l c gainhn. Cy mc ri rc thnh bi ven ng i, trong rng khp ca vnQuc gia Yok n. R cy mung gai c th dng lm thuc b cho ph n sau khi sinh, v tr ho. Mung hi : (Tn ph thng : Cc lp mn ; Tn a phng: Tm k b). Cy bi cao 0,5 - 1,5m. Thn c mi hi. L kp mc cch mang 6 lcht. L cht mc i, hnh xoan ngc, u l t hay c mi rt ngn. uil tht li hnh nm, l b nh, cung l di 2-3cm. L km di u nhn. Hoamu vng, mc nch l, thng t 1 n 2 hoa. Tri cong hnh tr, u qunhn. Cy mc hoang di ni t trng ca Vn Quc gia Yok n. R cy mung hi c th tr au lng. C cht, c chc: (Tn ph thng: Cc c cht) Cy g ln, rng l, v mu xm, th, dy, nt dc su, khng u. Ln mc cch, phin l a hnh. L km c lng sm rng. Cm hoa chm nhiunhnh. Hoa mu vng thm, khng cung. i 5, cnh hoa 5, xp vn hnh di.Qu hnh tri xoan di 18mm, c lng, c 5 cnh, 3 cnh di, 2 cnh ngn di2,5cm. Cy mc ph bin trong rng rng l ca vn quc gia Yok n. Ngi dn a phng thng dng thn c cht non cha au bng. Me rng: (Tn ph thng: Cc mc ; tn a phng: kham bom) Cy g nh hoc cy bi, rng l vo ma kh, cao 5-10 m. Thn cong,phn cnh. Nhiu l n mc cch xp thnh hai hng trn cng mt mtphng ging nh kp lng chim. Hoa n tnh cng gc. Hoa nh tp trungthnh xim nch l pha di cnh gm nhiu hoa c v mt hoa ci. Quhnh cu mu xanh vng mng nc. Cy a sng chu hn. Gp ph bin Vn Quc gia Yok n. V cy me rng c dng cha nc n chn. Cm lai en, chm en: (Tn ph thng: Cc pa ong ; tn aphng: Tm ki). Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 39

41. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Cy g ln, thn thng trn, v thn mu xm trng, c nhiu mn snsi. L kp lng chim l, mc cch, di 10-14cm, c 8-12 l cht, l km smrng. Cy hoa hnh chy mc k l gn u cnh. Hoa mu trng vng, c lbc sm rng. Qu dng u mng, c 1-2 ht. Cy phn b trong rng narng l, rng tha ca Vn Quc gia Yok n. R v v cy c dng tr st mt mi, au chn, khp. V cn cth tr t lit chn tay. Mai xun, mai vng : (Tn ph thng : Cc sn no). Cy g nh hay bi, thn g mu nu xm, khng nt, tht v mu trng.L hnh bu dc, di, khng c lng, gn ph 8-10 cp, ba c rng nh,cung l di 5-7mm. Hoa mc thnh cm, mu vng ti. Hoa mu 5 d rng,i 5, cnh hoa 5, nh nhiu, mt vi nhy. Qu nhn cng c mt ht. Phnb ri rc ven sui k KLau, k Tol trong Vn Quc gia Yok n. R c th dng lm thuc b cho ph n sau khi sinh. Thn dng cha trst v st rt. Sung: (tn ph thng: Cc mc ka a ; tn a phng: tm plai r vi) Cy g nh, cao 7 - 10m, thng xanh, v thn mu xm trng, khngnt, m trng. L n mc cch, hnh tri xoan thon, u l mi nhn, gchnh nm. Cm hoa trn nch l, hay trn thn. Qu phc dng sung, chnvng c 1-2cm. Cy phn b dc cc sng sui trong vn Quc Gia. Qu xanh c th dng lm thuc b cho ph n sau khi sinh. C tranh: (Tn a phng: Tm Jia) Cy c sng lu nm, r mc khe, cng, di. Thn cao 0,6-1,2m, thngng, nhn, t thn c lng mm. L mc thng ng hnh di, phin hp,gn chnh ni r. Cm hoa hnh bng mu trng, qu thc c lng nh.Phn b hu khp trong rng khp, bi hoang. Phn b ri rc trong rngkhp, ven sui k KLau, k Tol trong vn quc gia Yok n. R c th c dng h nhit, tr b tiu. M tin dy: (Tn ph thng: Cc mc xn ; Tn a phng: Tm plaikroa). 40 Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng

42. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Cy g nh hay leo cao 5-10m, cnh non mu xanh en, c mu hnh chchi. L hnh trn gc t, u c mi nhn, di 3-9cm, khng lng xanh bng,c 3 gn chnh chy t gc. Hoa t tn nch l, c lng v cng hoa ngn.Qu hnh cu to 1-2cm, chn mu cam, c 1-2 ht khng lng. Ht c dng tr st rt. Vai tr ca cy thuc nam i vi sc khe con ngi: Chia lp thnh 6 nhm, c s H/S mi nhm u nhau. Gio vin cung cpcho mi nhm cch iu tr ca mt bnh khc nhau, vit trc sn vo giy): Nhm 1: H nhit. Nhm 2: St rt, st cch nht. Nhm 3: au bng. Nhm 4: Tr rn cn. Nhm 5: Thuc b. Nhm 6: au rng. Tng nhm lm vic ring ghi li v nh thuc lng cch iu trtrong vng 5 pht. Sau yu cu H/S ct ht phn va ghi chp vo ngnbn, G/V kim sot khng H/S s dng giy. Nhm 1 lm vic vi nhm 3;nhm 2 lm vic vi nhm 4; nhm 5 lm vic vi nhm 6; lm vic theo cp2 ngi; truyn t li cho nhau cch iu tr bnh trong khong 5 pht. Sau H/S tr v li nhm ca mnh, thng nht li cch iu tr ca cn bnh mcc em va mi hc c t nhm bn, khng c ghi li m phi nh(nhm 1: bnh au bng; nhm 3: h nhit; nhm 2: B rn cn; nhm 4: Strt; nhm 5: au rng; nhm 6: Thuc b). Mi nhm c mt i din vit licch iu tr bnh ln bng. Chm im theo cp nhm 1-3; 2-4 v 5-6: nu 2nhm no trnh by thng tin chnh xc hn th c gii nht; 2 nhm giinh, v 2 nhm gii 3. Gio vin thng bo vi H/S l tng nhm phi cnhim v thng bo chnh xc cch iu tr bnh cho nhm kia. Cch iu tr mt s bnh bng thuc nam: (G/V vit ring tng bnhvo mt t giy ri pht cho mi nhm mt bnh. Cc nhm khng c xembi ca nhm khc). Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 41

43. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 H nht: Cy thuc: Chi c( Cc nh khch, tm puc r hoai); C tranh (Tm Jia). Cch s dng: o r 2 loi trn, ra sch. C th dng ti hoc kh,nu nc ung thay tr hng ngy. Mi ln nu khong mt nm. C th dngchung vi r cau v r da. St rt, st cch nht: Cy thuc: Sm (Cc mt, T Krai), M tin (Cc tum ca, Tm m ra vc). Cch s dng: Ly thn cy Sm v v cy M tin bm nh sc ncung. Mi ln nu khong 1-2 lng vi 2 lt nc nu cn mt na chia raung nhiu ln trong ngy. au bng, th t: Cch 1: Cy thuc: H th (Tm chao nrc). Cch s dng: Dng tan thn, l v r cy bm nh phi kh hc ti nu ung. Ly khong 100gm un si vi 1 lt nc ung nh tr n khiht bnh. Cch 2: Cy thuc: Cc ng (Cc ct cn, Tm trn). Cch s dng: Ly r ra sch bm nh, nu cho n tr th t. Miln nu mt t cho vi 50g r. Ngy n 2-3 ln. Tr rn cn: Cy thuc: Gng gai (Cc nghin c; Tm bra mng); M tin qu (Cctum ca; Ym m ra vc). Cch s dng: Ly thn c c v ca cy gng gai mi vo p vo chrn cn; hay mi xong nu ln ra vt rn cn. Ly l v v cy M tin qucng nu chung vi Gng gai ra vt rn cn. Lm i lm li nhiu ln. Thuc b: Cy thuc: Lc tin (Cc nhn hng, Tm rtao); Mc c (Tm ling gui). Cch s dng: Dng c cy 2 loi trn, mi th mt na bm nh, lymt vc ln cho vo m un si, ung nh tr hng ngy. C tc dng gip anthn n ngon ng yn. 42 Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng

44. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 au rng: Cch 1: Cy thuc: Chm hi Cch s dng: Dng r cy ti nhai hoc gi ngm vo ch au, sau nh ra khng c nut. Cch 2: Cy thuc: L lt Cch s dng: Ly 2-3 r ra sch, gi nt, cho vo t mui, ngm voch rng au, sau nh ra. C th lm vi ln trong ngy. (G/V xem li chnh xc ca thng tin ri yu cu cc em chp vo v) III - Kt lun Cy thuc c ngha v cng quan trng i vi cuc sng ca con ngi ni chung v i vi cc dn tc tnh ta ni ring, c bit l i vi ng bo cc dn tc t ngi do xa cc Trung tm y t do vy chng ta cn phi bit s dng cc loi cy thuc c a phng chng ta iu tr bnh tt. ng thi chng ta phi trng v bo v chng, v bo v mi trng ni chng mc ngun cy thuc qu gi a phng chng ta khng b mt i. IV - Bi tp v nh 1. Hc thuc mt trong 6 bi thuc trn. 2. Hi thm ng b b m hoc nhng ngi khc v cc bi thuc khcm h bit, sau trnh by trc lp tit hc sau. Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 43

45. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 Bi s 9 : A DNG SINH HC Mc ch Gip hc sinh hiu c: - Th no l a dng sinh hc. - Bo tn a dng sinh hc Vit Nam. - Vai tr con ngi trong bo tn a dng sinh hc. I - GII THIU CHUNG a dng sinh hc l s phn thnh ca s sng trn tri t, l hng triuloi thc vt, ng vt v vi sinh vt, l nhng gen cha ng trong cc loi vl nhng h sinh thi v cng phc tp cng tn ti trong mi trng (nhngha do Qu Quc T Bo tn Thin nhin (WWF) xut, 1998). Vit Nam c xem l mt trong nhng nc vng ng Nam giu va dng sinh hc vi nhiu kiu rng phong ph, nhiu loi thc vt v ngvt a dng. Vic bo tn a dng sinh hc Vit Nam c trin khai t nm 1962vi s thnh lp Vn Quc gia Cc Phng (tnh Ninh Bnh). T n nayhng trm khu bo tn thin nhin v hng chc Vn Quc gia cthnh lp bo tn tnh a dng sinh hc ca nc ta. Con ngi l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy nn suy gim a dngsinh hc. Do vy trong cng tc bo tn a dng sinh hc, con ngi ng vaitr quan trng nht. II. Hot ng 1. Thng tin v a dng sinh hc. - Gio vin vit mt thng bo ngn v tnh hnh cc loi th v cc loithc vt trn th gii ang c nguy c b tuyt chng (vit trn giy ba lntreo ln bng), ni dung nh sau: 44 Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng

46. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 a. Hin nay cha c ai c th khng nh c c bao nhiu loi ngvt, thc vt, vi sinh vt ang sinh sng trn tri t. C th c tnh khong 5n 30 triu loi; nhng cc nh khoa hc tin l c khong 14 triu loi, trong khong 1,7 triu loi c m t v t tn, cn s loi c nghincu y th rt t. b. Vin Ti Nguyn Th Gii, Hip Hi Quc t v Bo v Thin nhin(IUCN) thng bo rng hin nay c khong 5.200 loi ng vt ang ngtrc nguy c b dit vong, bao gm: - Gn 1.100 loi th, chim 1/4 s loi th hin nay; - Hn 1.100 loi chim, chim 11% ca 9.600 loi chim trn th gii. - Hn 2.000 loi c nc ngt, chim 20% ton b loi c nc ngt. - 253 loi b st, chim 20% ton b cc loi b st nghin cu. - Khong 124 loi ch nhi, chim 25% s loi nghin cu. c. Cc loi thc vt cng ang ng trc nguy c tng t: 34.000 loi (a s thuc cc vng nhit i) trn tng s 270.000 loithc vt bc cao ang c nguy c b dit vong. Khong 60.000 loi thc vt, chim gn 40% ton b cc loi cn li ccvng nhit i ang ng trc nguy c b tiu dit trong vng 25 nm ti. - Gii thch cho hc sinh bit rng s mt mt v cc loi nh nu lkhng th no b p c, nhng con ngi chng ta c th v phi c binphp lm gim v hn ch tc mt mt nu khng hu qu do mt cnbng sinh thi s v cng nguy him. 2. Em hy k tn cc Khu Bo tn v Vn Quc gia ca nc ta. Khu bo tn thin nhin u tin nc ta l Vn Quc gia CcPhng, c thnh lp nm 1962. Ngoi ra cn c cc Vn Quc gia khcnh Ct B, Bch M, Ba B, Ct Tin, Ba V, Cn o, Ph Quc, Tam o,Trm Chim... ak Lak chng ta c Vn Quc gia Yok n 3. Cc nguyn nhn gy suy thoi a dng sinh hc. (Chia lp thnh 4 hoc 5 nhm, mi nhm c mt nhm trng, iukhin nhm tho lun v mt th k, ghi li kin tho lun ca c nhm, sau thay mt nhm trnh by trc lp kin ca c nhm. Gio vin n tngnhm gi gip cc em tho lun, sau gip hc sinh h thng li ccnguyn nhn gy suy thoi a dng sinh hc). Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 45

47. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 a) Nguyn nhn trc tip: - S m rng t nng nghip ( c t canh tc, con ngi ln vo t rng. y l nguyn nhnquan trng nht gy suy thoi sinh hc. Ch ring hnh thc du canh bin13 triu ha rng thnh t trng i ni trc). - Khai thc g: (Trung bnh mi nm t 1986 n 1991, cc lm trng quc doanh khai thc 3,5 triu mt khi g, bng khong 80.000 ha rng; cha tnh nlng g b khai thc trm. Hu qu l rng b cn kit c v din tch ln chtlng). - Khai thc ci: (Hng nm khong 21 triu tn c khai thc phc v cho nhu cuca gia nh). - Khai thc cc sn phm khc ngoi g: (Khong 2.300 loi thc vt cho cc sn phm ngoi g nh my, tre,na, l, cy thuc... b khai thc s dng trong gia nh, bn hoc xutkhu. Nhiu loi ng vt hoang d cng b khai thc mnh m v nhu cu thtv xut khu). - Chy rng: (Hng nm khong 20.000 - 100.000 ha rng b chy). - Xy dng c bn: (Vic xy dng c bn nh giao thng, thy li, khu cng nghip, thyin, nh ,... cng l nguyn nhn lm mt a dng sinh hc). - Bun bn cc lai qu him. b) Nguyn nhn su xa: - Tng dn s: (Gia tng dn s i hi tng nhu cu sinh hot v cc nhu cu thit yukhc trong lc ngun ti nguyn li c hn nht l ti nguyn t cho snxut nng nghip, t dn ti nn ph rmg). 46 Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng

48. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 - S di dn: (V d c RLp, k Lk c 170.000 ha rng t nhin nm bn qucl 14. Ch ring trong nm 1998, c 1237 h dn vi 5133 nhn khu tQung Ngi, Bnh nh, ng Nai... di dn n k RLp. Nu trung bnhmi h ph i 2 ha th c trn 2000 ha rng b ph) - S ngho i: (Vit Nam l nc nng nghip ph thuc vo thin nhin. Nhiu ni tnng nghip thiu trm trng, li thiu vn u t nn ngi dn phi sngda vo rng, bc lt t v ti nguyn rng sinh sng). - Ngoi ra cn mt s nguyn nhn su xa khc nh chnh sch kinh t vm (vic y mnh sn xut v xut khu sn phm nng nghip l mt trongnhng nguyn nhn gy suy thoi sinh hc), v tp qun du canh du c. iii - Tm tt S a Dng Sinh Hc l, c s ca s sng cn, s thnh vng v s pht trin bn vng ca loi ngi, (GS. V Qu), nhng hin nay ang b ph hy mt cch nghim trng do cc hot ng ca con ngi. Nhiu loi ang b suy gim mt cch nhanh chng, thm ch mt s loi ang c nguy c b dit vong do s khai thc qu mc ca con ngi. Chng ta cn phi c bin php tch cc bo tn a dng sinh hc, c bit l nng cao s hiu bit ca con ngi v a dng sinh hc. Iv - Bi tp v nh Em hy tm hiu v vit mt bi bo v DSH ca Vn Quc gia Yokn ca tnh k Lk (a im, thi gian thnh lp, mc ch thnh lp, ccloi ng thc vt hin c, cm ngh ca em). Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng 47

49. VN QUOC GIA YOK ONChng trnh Giao duc Moi trng LP 6 V - Bi c tham kho V sao khng nn tiu dit ht ch si ? Bi c sau y gip hc sinh hiu c l do v sao ch si l loi thman r, hay tn cng v n tht d, cu, tru b v thm ch tn cng v n thtc con ngi; nhng chng ta khng nn tiu dit ht chng. Pha bc hm ni Colorado ni ting ca nc M c tho nguynKaibab rng ti 1.100 km vung, ni y c rt nhiu hu rng cung cpcho cc tay th sn lo luyn. Nhng m th sn pht hin ra mt iu llng l, tuy ng c rt xanh tt nhng n hu rng ch xp x 4000 con, dc mc tt na s lng hu rng cng tng khng ng k. l tnh hnhtho nguyn ny hi u th k. Sau ny nhng ngi th sn cn pht hin raiu mi na l ngoi hu ra, trn tho nguyn Kaibab cn c ch si v st, l nguyn nhn khin s lng n hu khng tng ln c. V th lt nm 1907, dn chng trong vng pht ng mt chin dch tiu dit si vs t. Sau 10 nm lin sn lng v tiu dit, si v s t b loi khi thonguyn Kaibab, cn n hu rng mi nm mt ng thm. n nm 1924,trn tho nguyn c n 10 vn con hu rng. Cnh th sn vui mng lm vs c sn bn hu tha thch. Nhng khng ng vin cnh din rakhng c bao lu. Ch sau hai ma ng, s lng hu gim mnh bi lhu sinh sn qu nhiu khng c n v cht i ti 6 vn con. Sau nhu tip tc gim, n nhng nm 40 th ch cn li khong 1 vn con. nlc ny mi ngi mi kinh ngc pht hin ra rng tuy n hu gim stnhng vn khng c cho chng n, bi l s sinh si bng n ca n hutrong nhng 20 nm hy dit tho nguyn, nhiu ni c khng cn mcc na, thm ch nhiu nm sau tho nguyn vn khng phc hi c bmt ban u. Tin tc t M cho bit hin nay tho nguyn Kaibab vn tiuiu. Thc t cho thy s d tho nguyn Kaibab xung cp chnh l bt u tvic sn bn tiu dit ch si v s t. 48 Chng trnh Giao duc Moi trng

50. PARC YOK DON D AN XAY DNG CAC KHU BAO VE NHAM BAO TON TAI NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN TREN QUAN IEM SINH THAI CANH QUAN PARC - VIE/95/G31 & 031 Rng khop vao mua ma TAI LIEU DO D AN PARC TAI TR KIEM LAM U N GEF D P