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¹ãÆÔ¦ãìãä¦ã: fot; dqekj jk=s eqacbZ&56 Ìã¦ãöããè ‡ãŠãè Ôã½ãÔ¾ãã†ú ‚ããõÀ ãäÖ¶ªãè ̾ãã‡ãŠÀ¥ã

Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

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Page 1: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

¹ãÆÔ¦ãìãä¦ã:

fot; dqekj jk=s

eqacbZ&56

Ìã¦ãöããè ‡ãŠãè Ôã½ãÔ¾ãã†ú

‚ããõÀ

ãäÖ¶ªãè ̾ãã‡ãŠÀ¥ã

Page 2: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

¼ããÓãã

Ôãâ¹ãÆñÓã¥ã / ‚ããä¼ã̾ããä‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãŠã ÔãÍã‡ã‹¦ã ½ã㣾ã½ã

Ôããâ‡ãñŠãä¦ã‡ãŠ ¼ããÓãã Ôãñ ¹ãî¥ãà ‚ããä¼ã̾ããä‡ã‹¦ã ¶ãÖãé Öãñ¦ããè

Page 3: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

Ìã¦ãöããè

Ìã¥ãà ãäÌ㶾ããÔã

ãä‡ãŠÔããè ‚ãàãÀ/Í㺪 ‡ãŠãñ ºããñÊã¶ãã

„ÞÞããÀ¥ã

ãä‡ãŠÔããè ‚ãàãÀ/Í㺪 ‡ãñŠ „ÞÞãããäÀ¦ã Á¹ã ‡ãŠãñ ãäÊãŒã¶ãã

Page 4: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

̾ãã‡ãŠÀ¥ã

¼ããÓãã ‡ãŠã ÔãÖãè ¤âØã Ôãñ ¹ãƾããñØã ‡ãŠÀ¶ãñ ‡ãñŠ ãä¶ã¾ã½ã

¼ããÓãã ‡ãñŠ ÔÌãÁ¹ã, Ø㟶ã, ¹ãƇãŠãÀ, ¹ããÀÔ¹ããäÀ‡ãŠ Ôãâºãâ£ã,

ÀÞã¶ãã ãäÌã£ãã¶ã ‚ããõÀ Á¹ã ¹ããäÀÌã¦ãö㠹ãÀ £¾ãã¶ã ªñ¶ãã

Í㺪ã¶ãìÍããÔã¶ã

Page 5: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

̾ãã‡ãŠÀ¥ã ‡ãŠãè ‚ããÌã;ã‡ãŠ¦ãã

¼ããÓãã ‡ãŠãè ‚ãÀã“ã‡ãŠ¦ãã ‡ãŠãñ ªîÀ ‡ãŠÀ¶ãñ ‡ãñŠ ãäÊã†

¼ãîÊããò ‡ãŠãñ ªîÀ ‡ãŠÀ ãäÔ©ãÀ¦ãã, ‰ãŠ½ãºã®¦ãã ªñ¶ãñ ‡ãñŠ ãäÊã†

‚ã©ãà ‡ãŠã ‚ã¶ã©ãÃ/ÖãÔ¾ããÔ¹ãª/ãäÌã‡ãðŠ¦ã Öãñ¶ãñ Ôãñ ºãÞãã¶ãñ ‚ããõÀ

ÔãÖãè ãäªÍãã ¹ãƪã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¶ãñ ‡ãñŠ ãäÊã†

‚ã¹ã¶ããè ºãã¦ã ÔãÖãè ¤âØã Ôãñ ¹ãÆÔ¦ãì¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¶ãñ ‡ãñŠ ãäÊã†

Page 6: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

ÔÌãÀ

‚ã ‚ãã ƒ ƒÃ „ … ¨ãÉ † †ñ ‚ããñ ‚ããõ

‚ã¶ãìÔÌããÀ

‚ãâ

ãäÌãÔãØãÃ

‚ã:

Page 7: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

‚ãʹã¹ãÆã¥ã Ìã ½ãÖã¹ãÆã¥ã

ãäÖ¶ªãè „ÞÞããÀ¥ã ‚ãã£ãããäÀ¦ã ¼ããÓãã Öõ

“ãõÔãã „ÞÞããÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãñ Öö ÌãõÔãã Öãè ãäÊãŒã¦ãñ Öö

“ãõÔãã ãäÊãŒã¦ãñ Öö ÌãõÔãã Öãè „ÞÞããÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãñ Öö

‚ãã, ƒÃ, …, †ñ, ‚ããõ

„ÞÞããÀ¥ã ‡ãŠ½ã Ôã½ã¾ã ‡ãñŠ ãäÊㆠÖã ¦ããñ ‚ãʹã¹ãÆã¥ã

‚ã, ƒ, „, †, ‚ããñ

„ÞÞããÀ¥ã Êãâºãã Öãñ ¦ããñ ½ãÖã¹ãÆã¥ã

Page 8: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

ÊÃÜ¡‡ÃŠÃÈ ÊÃÜ¡ÃćʾÃÃÚ Ô¨ÃÃÈ

ÃÄԨþÃÃÚ ‡ÃŠÃÄŸ¶ÃÃƑÃ

‡ÃŠÃÄŸ¶ÃÃƑ¾ÃÃÚ

ÃĽßÃƑà ÃĽßÃƑ¾ÃÃÚ

ƒ (ãä ) ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã

Í㺪 ‡ãñŠ ºããèÞã ½ãò ¾ãã ‚ãâØãÆñ“ããè Í㺪ãò ½ãò

ƒÃ ¹ãÀ Ôã½ã㹦ã Öãñ¶ãñ ÌããÊãñ Í㺪ãò ‡ãŠã ºãÖìÌãÞã¶ã ºã¶ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

Ôããƒãä‡ãŠÊã, ãäÀãä¹ãŠÊã, ÊãヺãÆñÀãè, ¹ãŠãƒÊã, ãä½ããäÔãÊã, “ããä›Êã

Page 9: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

¹ãÆñÀ¥ãã©ãÇ㊠Í㺪 ºã¶ã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

‚ããªñÍã㦽ã‡ãŠ ¾ãã Ôãì¢ããÌã㦽ã‡ãŠ ¹㠽ãò Í㺪 ‡ãñŠ ºããèÞã ½ãò

Ôã½ããÔã (ªãñ Í㺪ãò ‡ãŠãñ ãä½ãÊãã‡ãŠÀ) ºã¶ã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

½ãâ¨ããè+¹ããäÀÓ㪠= ½ãâãä¨ã¹ããäÀÓãª

½ãâ¨ããè+½ãâ¡Êã = ½ãâãä¨ã½ãâ¡Êã

Êããèãä“ã†, ‡ãŠãèãä“ã†, ¹ããèãä“ã†, ºãõã䟆, ‚ãテ, Êãテ

ãäÔãŒãã¶ãã, ãäÔãŒãÌãã¶ãã, ãä¹ãÊãã¶ãã, ãä¹ãÊãÌãã¶ãã

¹ãÆã¥ããè+ÍããÔ¨ã = ¹ãÆããä¥ãÍããÔ¨ã

Page 10: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

ãä¶ã½¶ããäÊããäŒã¦ã „¹ãÔãØããâòà ‡ãñŠ Ôãã©ã

ãä¶ã, ãäÌã, ‚ããäÌã, ‚ããä£ã, ‚ããä¦ã, ‚ããä¼ã, ¹ãÆãä¦ã, ¹ããäÀ, ¹ãããäÀ

‚ããäÌãÞãÊã, ‚ããäÌã‡ãŠÊã, ‚ããäÌãÀ¦ã, ‚ããäÌãÍÌããÔã

‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀ, ‚ããä£ã¼ããÀ, ‚ããä£ãÔãîÞã¶ãã, ‚ããä£ããä¶ã¾ã½ã, ‚ããä£ã¶ãã¾ã‡ãŠ

¹ãÆãä¦ã‡ãŠãÀ, ¹ãÆãä¦ãÀãñ£ã, ¹ãÆãä¦ã£Ìããä¶ã, ¹ãÆãä¦ã‡ãîŠÊã, ¹ãÆãä¦ããäÊããä¹ã

ãäÌã½ãã¶ã, ãäÌãÌããÖ, ãäÌã¶ããÍã, ãäÌãÀãñ£ã, ãäÌã¶ãã¾ã‡ãŠ

¹ãããäÀÌãããäÀ‡ãŠ

¹ããäÀ‰ãŠ½ãã, ¹ããäÀÌã¦ãöã, ¹ããäÀ“ã¶ã, ¹ããäÀãäÔ©ããä¦ã, ¹ããäÀÌãñÍã

ãä¶ãÔÌãã©ãÃ, ãä¶ããäÌãÃÀãñ£ã, ãä¶ã¼ãþã, ãä¶ããäÍÞãâ¦ã, ãä¶ã¡À

‚ããä¦ã‰ãŠ½ã¥ã, ‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã, ‚ããä¦ãÍã¾ããñãä‡ã‹¦ã

‚ããä¼ã¸ã, ‚ããä¼ã¶ãñ¦ãã, ‚ããä¼ã¹ãÆã¾ã, ‚ããä¼ã¶ãÌã

Page 11: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

½ÃÃÄÀ¾ÃÊÃ, ‚ÃÃÄÜ¡¾ÃÊÃ, ÔÃÃÄÜ¡¾ÃÊÃ, ÔÃÃÈÃÄÀ¾ÃÊÃ

ƒÊã, ƒ¾ãÊã, ƒ¦ã, ƒ‡ãŠ, ƒÍã, ƒ¾ãã, ƒ½ãã

¹ãÆÍããÔããä¶ã‡ãŠ, Ñããä½ã‡ãŠ, ¶ãõãä¦ã‡ãŠ, ÀãäÔã‡ãŠ, ¶ãããäÌã‡ãŠ

ºãããäÀÍã, ‡ãŠãñãäÍãÍã, Ôãããäû“ãÍã, ŒûÌãããäÖÍã

Øãìãäü¡¾ãã, ¹ãìãäü¡¾ãã, ºãìãäü¤¾ãã, Œãã䛾ãã, Êãìã䛾ãã

½ããäÖ½ãã, ØããäÀ½ãã, ‡ãŠããäÊã½ãã, ÊãããäÊã½ãã

ãä¶ã½¶ããäÊããäŒã¦ã ¹ãƦ¾ã¾ã ÊãØãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

Øããä¥ã¦ã, ÔããäÖ¦ã, ãäÞãâãä¦ã¦ã, ‡ãŠãä©ã¦ã, ¹ããèãäü¡¦ã

‡ãìŠãä›Êã, ºããñãä¢ãÊã

Page 12: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

ƒÃ ( ãè) ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã

'ƒÃ/ ãè' ÔÌãÀ ‡ãñŠ ºã㪠̾ãâ“ã¶ã ‚ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

½ãÍããè¶ã ½ãÍããè¶ããò

¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ããò

¹ãÀãèàãã ¹ãÀãèàãã†ú

Í㺪 ‡ãñŠ ‚ãâ¦ã ½ãò ‘ƒ’ ÔÌãÀ ‚ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

Àãñ›ãè, Þããñ›ãè, Ô¨ããè, ½ããÊããè, £ããñºããè, Öã©ããè, ¼ããƒÃ, ¹ã¦¶ããè,

½ãÊããƒÃ, ãä½ãŸãƒÃ, ºãñ›ãè, Êãü¡‡ãŠãè, Êã‡ãŠü¡ãè, œ¨ããè, Øããü¡ãè

Page 13: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

ªãÔã ªãÔããè

ªñÌã ªñÌããè

ºãîü¤ã ºãîü¤ãè

‡ãŠãÊãã ‡ãŠãÊããè

Êãü¡‡ãŠã Êãü¡‡ãŠãè

„ªîà Í㺪ãò ½ãò

‚ããƒÃ¶ãã, ÀƒÃÔã, ÖÔããè¶ãã, ¹ãÔããè¶ãã, ¶ãØããè¶ãã, Ôã¹ãŠãè¶ãã

“ãããä¦ãÌããÞã‡ãŠ Ô¨ããèãåÊãØã Í㺪ãò ‡ãñŠ ‚ãâ¦ã ½ãò

Page 14: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

Ôã¹ãñŠª Ôã¹ãñŠªãè

„ªãÔã „ªãÔããè

Øã½ãà Øã½ããê

Ôãâ—ãã‚ããò Ôãñ ãäÌãÍãñÓã¥ã ºã¶ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

£ã½ãà £ã½ããê

¹ãã¹ã ¹ãã¹ããè

ÔãìŒã ÔãìŒããè

ãäÌãÍãñÓã¥ã/“ãããä¦ãÌããÞã‡ãŠ Ôãâ—ãã Ôãñ ¼ããÌãÌããÞã‡ãŠ Ôãâ—ãã ºã¶ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

Page 15: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

ÀâØããèÊãã, Þã½ã‡ãŠãèÊãã, ¼ãü¡‡ãŠãèÊãã, û“ãÖÀãèÊãã, ¹ã©ãÀãèÊãã

¹ãü¤ãƒÃ, ãäÊãŒããƒÃ, …úÞããƒÃ, ½ãÊããƒÃ, ãä½ãŸãƒÃ, £ãìÊããƒÃ

ãä¶ã½¶ããäÊããäŒã¦ã ¹ãƦ¾ã¾ã ÊãØãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

ƒ¾ã, ƒ¶ã, ƒÊãã, ‚ããƒÃ, ‡ãŠÀ¥ã, Øããè

ÀâØããè¶ã, ¶ã½ã‡ãŠãè¶ã, Íããõ‡ãŠãè¶ã, Øã½ãØããè¶ã

¦ããû“ãØããè, ÔããªØããè, ãåû“ãªØããè, ºãâªØããè

ÌãõÍÌããè‡ãŠÀ¥ã, ÌãØããê‡ãŠÀ¥ã, „ªãÀãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã

Ô¦ãÀãè¾ã, ÊãñŒã‡ãŠãè¾ã, ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã, ªÍãöããè¾ã

Page 16: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

‡Ã‹¾ÃÃÒÃćÊ, ¦ÃÃÃćÊ, “úÃÃćÊ, ÖÃÊÃÃÚÃćÊ, ÞÃÎÚÃćÊ, ÃÄ“ÃÔÃÔÃÑ ÃćÊ

'ãä‡ãŠ' ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã

that ‡ãñŠ ‚ã©ãà ½ãò

½ãì¢ãñ ‡ãŠÖ¶ãñ ‡ãŠã ãä¶ãªóÍã Öì‚ãã Öõ ãä‡ãŠ

†ñÔãã ªñŒãã Øã¾ãã Öõ ãä‡ãŠ

ªãñ Ìãã‡ã‹¾ããò ‡ãŠãñ “ããñü¡‡ãŠÀ †‡ãŠ Ìãã‡ã‹¾ã ºã¶ãã¶ãñ ‡ãñŠ ãäÊã†

„Ôã¶ãñ ªñŒãã ãä‡ãŠ ºãÞÞãã ãäØãÀ ¹ãü¡ã

½ãö¶ãñ ‡ãŠÖã ãä‡ãŠ ‡ãŠÊã ½ãì¢ãñ ãäªÊÊããè “ãã¶ãã Öõ

Ôãâ¾ããñ“ã‡ãŠ ‡ãñŠ Á¹ã ½ãò

Page 17: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

'‡ãŠãè' ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã

Ô¨ããèãäÊãâØã Í㺪ãò Ôãñ ¹ãÖÊãñ

(‡ãŠãè) ºãã¦ã, (‡ãŠãè) ƒÞœã, (‡ãŠãè) ãäÍã‡ãŠã¾ã¦ã, (‡ãŠãè) ‡ãŠ½ããè

ãä‰ãŠ¾ãã ‡ãñŠ ¹㠽ãò

ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀ ¶ãñ ÜããñÓã¥ãã ‡ãŠãè

‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀãè Ôãñ ÞãÞããà ‡ãŠãè

ªãñ Í㺪ãò ‡ãŠãñ “ããñü¡¶ãñ ‡ãñŠ ãäÊã†

‚ãã¹ã‡ãŠãè ¹ãìÔ¦ã‡ãŠ, Àã“ãã ‡ãŠãè ºãñ›ãè, „¶ã‡ãŠãè ¶ããõ‡ãŠÀãè

Ôãâ—ãã ¾ãã ÔãÌãöãã½ã ‡ãñŠ ºããª

Àã½ã ‡ãŠãè, ƒÔã‡ãŠãè, „Ôã‡ãŠãè, ‚ãã¹ã‡ãŠãè, Ôãºã‡ãŠãè, ƒ¶ã‡ãŠãè, „¶ã‡ãŠãè

Page 18: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

‚ã¶ãìÔÌããÀ (ãäºã¶ªãè) ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã

ãä¶ã½¶ããäÊããäŒã¦ã Í㺪ãò ½ãò ãäºãâªãè ÊãØãã¶ãã ‚ããä¶ãÌãã¾ãÃ

½ãò, ½ãö, ¶ãÖãé, ‡ã‹¾ããò, “¾ããò, ¦¾ããñâ, ¾ããò, ‡ã‹¾ããò, „¶Öò, ãä“ã¶Öò,

¦ãì½Öò, ãä‡ãŠ¶Öò, “ãÖãú, ¾ãÖãú, ÌãÖãú

ãäºã¶ªãè ‡ãñŠ ãäºã¶ãã ƒ¶ã Í㺪ãò ‡ãŠã ‡ãŠãñƒÃ ‚ã©ãà ¶ãÖãé

‡ãŠÀòØãñ, ¹ãü¤òØãñ, ãäÊãŒãòØãñ, ‡ãŠÖòØãñ, Ôãì¶ãòØãñ, ‚ãã¾ãòØãñ

¼ããäÌãÓ¾ã¦ã ‡ãŠãÊã ÔãîÞã‡ãŠ ºãÖìÌãÞã¶ã Í㺪ãò ½ãò

Page 19: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

¡/¤ Í㺪 ‡ãñŠ ½ã£¾ã/‚ãâ¦ã ½ãò ‚ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ ¡/¤ ‡ãñŠ ¶ããèÞãñ

¹ãã¹ãü¡, ãäŒãÞãü¡ãè, ¹ãñü¡, Üãü¡ãè, ¹ãü¤ãƒÃ, ºãîü¤ã

Öõ Öö

†‡ãŠÌãÞã¶ã Ôãñ ºãÖìÌãÞã¶ã ºã¶ãã¦ãñ Ôã½ã¾ã

Ö½ã Ö½ãò

‡ãŠÖãè ‡ãŠÖãé

¾ãÖãè ¾ãÖãé

ãä“ã¶ã½ãò ‚ã©ãà ¹ããäÀÌã¦ãö㠇ãŠãè Ôãâ¼ããÌã¶ãã Öãñ

Page 20: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

ºãîúª ºãîúªò

¶ãû“ãÀ ¶ãû“ãÀò

ÀñÊã ÀñÊãò

ãä‡ãŠÀ¥ã ãä‡ãŠÀ¥ãò

¦ãã¶ã ¦ãã¶ãò

Þããèû“ã Þããèû“ãò

¹ãìÔ¦ã‡ãŠ ¹ãìÔ¦ã‡ãòŠ

ÌãÔ¦ãì ÌãÔ¦ãì†ú

Ô¨ããèãäÊãâØã Í㺪ãò ‡ãŠã ºãÖìÌãÞã¶ã ºã¶ãã¦ãñ Ôã½ã¾ã

Page 21: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

ƒ½ããÀ¦ã ƒ½ããÀ¦ãñâ ƒ½ããÀ¦ããò

½ããäÖÊãã ½ããäÖÊãã†â ½ããäÖÊãã‚ããò

Ô¨ããèãäÊãâØã Í㺪ãò ‡ãŠã ºãÖìÌãÞã¶ã ºã¶ãã¦ãñ Ôã½ã¾ã

ãäÌã¼ããä‡ã‹¦ã Ôããä֦㠹ããò ½ãò

¹ãìãäÊÊãâØã Í㺪ãò ‡ãŠã ºãÖìÌãÞã¶ã ºã¶ãã¦ãñ Ôã½ã¾ã

Êãü¡‡ãŠã Êãü¡‡ãñŠ Êãü¡‡ãŠãò

ºãÞÞãã ºãÞÞãñ ºãÞÞããò

Page 22: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

¦ãñ“ã ¦ãñû“ã

¹ãŠ¶ã û¹ãŠ¶ã

Ôã“ãã Ôãû“ãã

Œãã¶ãã ûŒãã¶ãã

Œãìªã ûŒãìªã

ØããõÀ ûØããõÀ

“ã½ãã¶ãã û“ã½ãã¶ãã

“ããè¶ãã û“ããè¶ãã

ÖÊã‡ãŠã ÖÊãû‡ãŠã

„ªîà Í㺪ãò ½ãò, “ãÖãú ‚ã©ãà ¹ããäÀÌã¦ãö㠇ãŠãè Ôãâ¼ããÌã¶ãã Öãñ

Page 23: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

ƒ¶ã½ãò ãäºã¶ªãè ¶ãÖãé ÊãØã¦ããè

¡/¤ ‡ãñŠ ºã㪠‚ã¶ãìÔÌããÀ ‚ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

¡ ¾ãã ¤ Ôãñ Íãì Öãñ¶ãñ ÌããÊãñ Í㺪

¡ã‡ãŠ, ¡ãÊã, ¡½ãÂ, ¤ãñÊã, ¤Êãã¶ã, ¤‡ã‹‡ãŠ¶ã

¡ ¾ãã ¤ ªãñ ºããÀ ‚ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

ºãì¡á¤ã, Øã¡á¤ã, Ö¡á¡ãè, ‚ã¡á¡ã, Êã¡á¡ì, Øãì¡á¡ì

‚ãã¡âºãÀ, ãäÌã¡âºã¶ãã

‚ãâ¡ã, ¡â¡ã, ¹ãâã䡦ã, ¢âã¡ã

¡/¤ ‚ã¶ãìÔÌããÀ ‡ãñŠ ºã㪠‚ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

Page 24: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

¡ãèÊã-¡ãõÊã, ¡½ã-¡½ã

¡ãÊã¡ã, ½Öã¡ãü

„¹ãÔãØãà ‚ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

ãä¶ã¡À, ãä¶ã¤ãÊã, Ôãì¡ãõÊã, ºãñ¤ºã, ‚ããä¡Øã

Ôã½ããÔã ºã¶ã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

‚ãã£ãã ‚ããõÀ ‚ã‡ãñŠÊãã ‚ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

†¡áÔã, Óã¡á¾ãâ¨ã

‚ãâØãÆñ“ããè Í㺪 ‚ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

Àñã䡾ããñ, ºÊã¡, Àãñ¡, Ô¹ããè¡

̾ããä‡ã‹¦ãÌããÞã‡ãŠ Ôãâ—ãã ¾ãã Ôãâãäà㹦ã Í㺪 ‚ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

Page 25: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

ºãìâªã ºãìâªñ

˖拋 ˖拖

‚ã‡ãñŠÊãã ‚ã‡ãñŠÊãñ

½ãñÊãã ½ãñÊãñ

Øã“ãÀã Øã“ãÀñ

¦ãã¶ãã ¦ãã¶ãñ

¹ãìãäÊÊãâØã Í㺪ãò ‡ãŠã ºãÖìÌãÞã¶ã ºã¶ãã¦ãñ Ôã½ã¾ã

„ªîà ‡ãñŠ „¶ã Í㺪ãò ½ãò, “ãÖãú ‚ã©ãà ¹ããäÀÌã¦ãö㠶ã Öãñ

Øã“ãÊã, ‡ãŠãØã“ã, ‡ãŠÊã½ã, ½ã“ããê, ½ã“ãã, ãä“ãâªØããè, “ããñÀ

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‚ãÃÃÞö³Ã‡ÃŠÃÀ (‚ ÃÃÙ) ‡ÃŠÃ ¹ÃƾÃÃÑØÃ

ãäÖ¶ªãè ½ãò ¹ãƾãì‡ã‹¦ã ‚ãâØãÆñ“ããè Í㺪 „ÞÞããÀ¥ã ‡ãñŠ ãäÊㆠ¹ãƾããñØã

ÖãÊã ÖãùÊã

‡ãŠãÊã ‡ãŠãùÊã

¡ãÊã ¡ãùÊã

ºããÊã ºããùÊã

ÔããÔã ÔããùÔã

½ããÊã ½ããùÊã

ºããÔã ºããùÔã

ãäÖ¶ªãè ¼ããÓãã ½ãò †ñÔãã „ÞÞããÀ¥ã ¶ãÖãé Öõ

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‚öÃ̶ÃÃÃÄÔÇÊ (Þö³ÃĺöªÃÈ) ‡ÃŠÃ ¹ÃƾÃÃÑØÃ

½ããú, ½ãìúÖ, Þããúª, ÖúÔããè, ‚ããúŒã, ‚ããúÔãî, ‚ããú£ããè, Øããú£ããè, ÔããúÔã

„ÞÞããÀ¥ã ºãÖì¦ã Öãè ‡ãŠãñ½ãÊã

‚ã¶ãì¶ãããäÔã‡ãŠ ‡ãñŠ Ô©ãã¶ã ¹ãÀ ãäºãâªãè ‡ãñŠ ¹ãƾããñØã ‡ãŠãè ‚ã¶ãì½ããä¦ã

¹ãÀâ¦ãì „ÞÞããÀ¥ã ‚ãÔ¹ãÓ›/‚ã©ãà ºãªÊã¶ãñ ‡ãŠãè Ôãâ¼ããÌã¶ãã

ÖâÔã (¹ãàããè) ÖâÔã (ÖúÔã¶ãã)

‚ãâØã (ÍãÀãèÀ ‡ãŠã) ‚ãâØã¶ãã (‚ããúØã¶ã)

¹ãü¤îúØãã, ãäÊãŒãúîØãã, ‡ãŠÖîúØãã, Ôãì¶ãîúØãã, ‚ãã…úØãã

¼ããäÌãÓ¾ã¦ã ‡ãŠãÊã ÔãîÞã‡ãŠ „¦¦ã½ã ¹ãìÁÓã †‡ãŠÌãÞã¶ã ½ãò

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ãåÊãØã (Gender)

Ô¨ããè ¾ãã ¹ãìÂÓã “ãããä¦ã ‡ãŠã ºããñ£ã ‡ãŠÀã¶ãñ ÌããÊãã Í㺪

ãäÖ¶ªãè ½ãò ‡ãñŠÌãÊã 2 ãäÊãâØã - Ô¨ããèãäÊãâØã ‚ããõÀ ¹ãìãäÊÊãâØã

¹ÃÆÞÃÊöÃ/¹ÃÀ¹ÃÀà ‡ÃÑŠ ‚ÃãÃÃÀ ¹ÃÀ ¼ÃÃÈ ÃĶãÃÃÃÀ¥Ã

ªãäàã¥ã ¼ããÀ¦ã ‡ãŠãè ¼ããÓãã‚ããò ½ãò Ô¨ããè/¹ãìÁÓã ‡ãñŠ

‚ãÊããÌã㠂㶾㠇ãñŠ ãäÊㆠãäÊãâØã ãä¶ã£ããÃÀ¥ã ¶ãÖãé

‚㶾㠼ããÓãã‚ããò ½ãò 3 ãäÊãâØã - Ô¨ããèãäÊãâØã/¹ãìãäÊÊãâØã/¶ã¹ãìâÔã‡ãŠ(“ãü¡)

Page 29: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

‡ãŠãñ½ãÊã¦ãã/ÔãìâªÀ¦ãã/¶ã½ãƦãã ‚ãããäª Øãì¥ã ÌããÊãñ Í㺪

Ô¨ããèãäÊãâØã

Ôãã½ã㶾ã¦ã: ‚ƒÃ‛ ¹ãÀ Ôã½ã㹦ã Öãñ¶ãñ ÌããÊãñ Í㺪

¹ãìÔ¦ã‡ãŠ, †ñ¶ã‡ãŠ, ¹Êãñ›, ¶ãû“ãÀ, Êãü¡‡ãŠãè

œ¨ããè, Êãü¡ãƒÃ, ½ãÊããƒÃ, Êã‡ãŠü¡ãè, Þã¹ãã¦ããè, Àºãü¡ãè, Üãü¡ãè

Öããä¶ã‡ãŠãÀ‡ãŠ ¹ãñ¾ã

Þãã¾ã, ‡ãŠãù¹ãŠãè, ÍãÀãºã

Page 30: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

¶ãªãè, ãä¦ããä©ã, ¼ããÓãã, ºããñÊããè, ‚ãâØã

¹ãîãä¥ãýãã, ‚ã½ããÌãÔ¾ãã, ¦ãð¦ããè¾ãã

ãäÖ¶ªãè, ‚ãâØãÆñ“ããè, „ãäü¡¾ãã

¹ãÖãü¡ãè, Àã“ãÔ©ãã¶ããè, œ§ããèÔãØãü¤ãè

‚ããúŒã, ¶ãã‡ãŠ, “ããè¼ã, ‡ãŠÊããƒÃ

ØãâØãã, ¾ã½ãì¶ãã, ÔãÀÔÌã¦ããè

„‡ãŠãÀ㶦ã Ôãâ—ãã†ú

ƒ‡ãŠãÀãâ¦ã Ôãâ—ãã†ú

“ãããä¦ã, ¼ãÆãâãä¦ã, Íããä§ãŠ, ‚ããäضã

Ìãã¾ãì, ¨ãɦãì, £ã¶ãì, ‚ãã¾ãì, ÌãÔ¦ãì

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ÖÃÃĶÃ, ØÊÃÃÃĶÃ

ãä¶ã½¶ããäÊããäŒã¦ã ¹ãƦ¾ã¾ã ÌããÊãñ Í㺪

ƒÃ, ƒ¾ãã, ¦ãã, ‚ããƒÃ, ƒ½ãã, ƒÍã, ‚ããÖ›, ãä¶ã

Êãìã䛾ãã, Œãã䛾ãã, ãäÞããäü¡¾ãã, ãä›ãä‡ãŠ¾ãã

ãä½ã¨ã¦ãã, Íã¨ãì¦ãã, ¹ãƼãì¦ãã

Þãü¤ãƒÃ, Êãü¡ãƒÃ, ¹ãü¤ãƒÃ

½ããäÖ½ãã, ØããäÀ½ãã, ÊãããäÊã½ãã

‡ãŠãñãäÍãÍã, ºãããäÀÍã, Ôãããäû“ãÍã, ãäÔã¹ãŠããäÀÍã

ÜãºãÀãÖ›, ½ãìÔ‡ãìŠÀãÖ›, ãäÞãÊÊããÖ›

Þããúªãè, ¶ãªãè, ºããñÊããè, ÖúÔããè

Page 32: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

‡ãŠŸãñÀ¦ãã/ÑãñÓŸ¦ãã/ºãÊã ‚ãããäª ãäÌãÍãñÓã¦ãã ÌããÊãñ Í㺪

¹ãìãäÊÊãâØã

Ôãã½ã㶾ã¦ã: ‚‚ãã‛ ¹ãÀ Ôã½ã㹦ã Öãñ¶ãñ ÌããÊãñ Í㺪

¹ãìÁÓã, ›È‡ãŠ, ÜãÀ, Ôãã½ãã¶ã, “ãâØãÊã

œã¦ãã, ¢ãØãü¡ã, ¹ãñü¡ã, ¡â¡ã, ¹ãÀãŸã, ÖÊãÌãã, Üãü¡ã

Ô¹ãîŠãä¦ãÃÌã£ãÇ㊠¹ãñ¾ã

¹ãã¶ããè, ªî£ã, ªÖãè, ½ã›áŸã, ÍãÀºã¦ã, ÀÔã

Page 33: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

¹ãÌãæã, ½ããÔã, ÌããÀ, ¹ãñü¡, ‚ã¶ãã“ã, £ãã¦ãì, À¦¶ã, Ôã½ãì³, ‚ãâØã

Þãõ¨ã, ºãõÔããŒã, “¾ãñÓŸ, ÔããÌã¶ã

Ôããñ½ãÌããÀ, ½ãâØãÊãÌããÀ, Íããä¶ãÌããÀ

¹ããè¹ãÊã, ‚ãã½ã, ¶ããè½ã

ØãñÖîú, ÞããÌãÊã, Þã¶ãã

ÊããñÖã, Ôããñ¶ãã, ¦ããâºãã, ¹ããè¦ãÊã

ÖãèÀã, ¹ã¸ãã, ¹ãìŒãÀã“ã

ãäÖ¶ª, ‚ãÀºã, ‡ãŠãÊãã ÔããØãÀ

ãäÔãÀ, ½ãÔ¦ã‡ãŠ, ‡ãŠã¶ã, ØãÊãã, Öã©ã

ãäÖ½ããÊã¾ã, Ôã¦ã¹ãìü¡ã, ÔãÖ¾ãã³ãè

Page 34: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

ƒââ‡ãŠãÀ, ƒ‡ãŠÀãÀ, ‡ãŠãÀãñºããÀ

‚ãã, ‚ããÌã, ¹ã¶ã, ‚ãã¶ã, ‚ããÀ, ‚ããºã, ‚ãã¾ã

Þãü¤ãÌã, ºãÖãÌã, ¹ãü¡ãÌã, ÜããÌã, ¹ããÌã

ºãÞã¹ã¶ã, Êãü¡‡ãŠ¹ã¶ã, ¹ããØãÊã¹ã¶ã

½ã‡ãŠã¶ã,Ôãã½ãã¶ã,‚ãÀ½ãã¶ã

ãäÖÔããºã, “ãÌããºã, ŒãÀãºã

„¹ãã¾ã, Ôã½ãìªã¾ã, ‚㣾ãã¾ã

ãä¶ã½¶ããäÊããäŒã¦ã ¹ãƦ¾ã¾ã ÌããÊãñ Í㺪

½ããñ›ã, Êããñ›ã, œã¦ãã, Ôããñ¶ãã, ÊããñÖã

Page 35: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

¹ãìãäÊÊãâØã Ôãñ Ô¨ããèãåÊãØã ºã¶ãã¶ãñ ‡ãñŠ ãä¶ã¾ã½ã

œã¨ã œã¨ãã

ãäÍãÓ¾ã ãäÍãÓ¾ãã

ãä¹ãƾã ãä¹ãƾãã

¹ãì¨ã ¹ãì¨ããè

ªãÔã ªãÔããè

ÞããÞãã ÞããÞããè

‚ã ‡ãŠãñ ‚ãã ‡ãŠÀ‡ãñŠ

‚ã/‚ãã ‡ãŠãñ ƒÃ ‡ãŠÀ‡ãñŠ

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ÞãîÖã ÞãìãäÖ¾ãã

‡ã슦¦ãã ‡ãìŠãä¦ã¾ãã

¹ãã¹ããè ¹ãããä¹ã¶ã

£ããñºããè £ããñãäºã¶ã

‚ãã ‡ãŠãñ ƒ¾ãã ‡ãŠÀ‡ãñŠ

ƒ¶ã “ããñü¡‡ãŠÀ

‚ãヶ㠓ããñü¡‡ãŠÀ

Ÿã‡ãìŠÀ Ÿ‡ãìŠÀヶã

¹ãâã䡦㠹ãâã䡦ãヶã

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ªñÌãÀ ªñÌãÀã¶ããè

¶ããõ‡ãŠÀ ¶ããõ‡ãŠÀã¶ããè

¼ãØãÌãã¶ã ¼ãØãÌã¦ããè

Øãì¥ãÌãã¶ã Øãì¥ãÌã¦ããè

Ñããè½ãã¶ã Ñããè½ã¦ããè

ºãìã䮽ãã¶ã ºãìã䮽ã¦ããè

‚ãã¶ããè “ããñü¡‡ãŠÀ

Ìãã¶ã/½ãã¶ã ‡ãŠãñ Ìã¦ããè/½ã¦ããè ‡ãŠÀ‡ãñŠ

Page 38: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

‚ã‡ãŠ/¾ã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠãñ ƒ‡ãŠã ‡ãŠÀ‡ãñŠ

Øãã¾ã‡ãŠ Øãããä¾ã‡ãŠã

ÊãñŒã‡ãŠ ÊãñãäŒã‡ãŠã

¶ãã¾ã‡ãŠ ¶ãããä¾ã‡ãŠã

¶ããè “ããñû¡‡ãŠÀ

ÍãññÀ ÍãñÀ¶ããè

½ããñÀ ½ããñÀ¶ããè

ÞããñÀ ÞããñÀ¶ããè

Page 39: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

̾ãâ“ã¶ã

¹ã ¹ãŠ ºã ¼ã ½ã

‡ãŠ Œã Øã Üã Ý

Þã œ “㠢㠚ã

› Ÿ ¡ ¤ ¥ã

¦ã ©ã ª £ã ¶ã

Page 40: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

¾ã À Êã Ìã

‚ãâ¦ã:Ô©ã ̾ãâ“ã¶ã

Íã Óã Ôã Ö

„Ó½ã ̾ãâ“ã¶ã

àã —ã Ñã ¨ã

Ôãâ¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ̾ãâ“ã¶ã

ü¡ ü¤

‚ããä¦ããäÀ‡ã‹¦ã ̾ãâ“ã¶ã

Page 41: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

ãäÖ¶ªãè Ìãõ—ãããä¶ã‡ãŠ ¼ããÓãã Öõ

¹ãƦ¾ãñ‡ãŠ ̾ãâ“ã¶ã ‡ãŠã ‚ã¹ã¶ãã ÌãØãÃ/ãäÌããäÍãÓ› „ÞÞããÀ¥ã

‚ããÌã;ã‡ãŠ¦ãã¶ãìÔããÀ ÔÌãÀ “ããñü¡‡ãŠÀ „ÞÞããÀ¥ã

ÖÀ ̾ãâ“ã¶ã ÖÊãâ¦ã Öãñ¦ãã Öõ

¹ã ÌãØãà - ¹ã ¹ãŠ ºã ¼ã ½ã

‡ãŠ ÌãØãà - ‡ãŠ Œã Øã Üã Ý

Þã ÌãØãà - Þã œ “㠢㠚ã

› ÌãØãà - › Ÿ ¡ ¤ ¥ã

¦ã ÌãØãà - ¦ã ©ã ª £ã ¶ã

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¹ÃÂÞýÃÃÀÃÀ ‡ÃŠÃ ¹ÃƾÃÃÑØÃ

‡ãŠ, Þã, ›, ¦ã, ¹ã ÌãØããô ‡ãñŠ ̾ãâ“ã¶ããò ‡ãñŠ Ôãã©ã

ØãÝáØãã, ‚ãÝá‡ãŠ

¹ããšÞã, ÞãšÞãÊã

‚㥡ã, Ÿ¥¡ã

Þ㶪ã, Ôãã䶣ã

½ã콺ãƒÃ, ¹ã½¹ã

‚ã¶ãì¶ãããäÔã‡ãŠ Ìã¥ãà - Ý, šã, ¥ã, ¶ã, ½ã

Í㺪 ‡ãŠã ‚ãâãä¦ã½ã ‚ãàãÀ ãä“ãÔã ÌãØãà ‡ãŠã Öãñ, „ÔãÔãñ ¹ãÖÊãñ

„Ôããè ÌãØãà ‡ãŠã ¹ãâÞã½ããàãÀ

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¹ãâÞã½ããàãÀ ‡ãñŠ Ô©ãã¶ã ¹ãÀ ãäºãâªãè ‡ãñŠ ¹ãƾããñØã ‡ãŠãè ‚ã¶ãì½ããä¦ã

ØãâØãã, ‚ãâ‡ãŠ

¹ããâÞã, ÞãâÞãÊã

‚ãâ¡ã, Ÿâ¡ã

Þãâªã, Ôãâãä£ã

½ãìâºãƒÃ, ¹ãâ¹ã

¹ãÀâ¦ãì ƒÔãÔãñ „ÞÞããÀ¥ã Ô¹ãÓ› ¶ãÖãé Öãñ¦ãã

†‡ãŠ Öãè ãäºã¶ªãè Ôãñ ‡ãŠƒÃ „ÞÞããÀ¥ã ‡ãŠãè Ôã½ãÔ¾ãã

¹ãƾããñØã ‡ãŠãè ÒãäÓ› Ôãñ ÔãìãäÌã£ãã“ã¶ã‡ãŠ

Page 44: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

¾ã ̾ãâ“ã¶ã ‡ãñŠ Ôãã©ã

‚㶾ã

¹ã쥾ã

À½¾ã

¹ãâÞã½ããàãÀ ªãñ ºããÀ ‚ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

‚ã¸ã

Ôã½½ãñÊã¶ã

Page 45: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

ÀÃ¥Ã, ¹ÃÆÃ¥Ã, ÃĶùÃÌ¥Ã, ØÃÌ¥Ã, ¹ÃÆ¥Ã

‘¥ã’ ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã

‘¨ãÉ’/‘Àá’/‘Óãá’ ‡ãñŠ ºã㪠‘¶ãá’ ‚ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

¨ãÉ¥ã, ‡ãðŠÓ¥ã, ¼ãîÓã¥ã

¹ãÆã¾ã: ÔãâÔ‡ãðŠ¦ã Í㺪ãò ½ãò

¦ã¦Ôã½ã Í㺪ãò ½ãò

Þãã¥ã‡ã‹¾ã, ½ããä¥ã, ºãã¥ã, Ìãã¥ããè, Ìããè¥ãã

Page 46: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

‘¶ã’ ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã

ãä“ã¶ã ÔãâÔ‡ãðŠ¦ã Í㺪ãò ‡ãŠã ¦ãª¼ãÌã Á¹ã ãäÖ¶ªãè ½ãò ¹ãÆÞããäÊã¦ã Öõ

À¶ã, ¹ãŠ¶ã

‘¨ãÉ’/‘Àá’/‘Óãá’ Ôãñ ‚ãÊãØã Ìã¥ãà ‚ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

ÀÞã¶ãã, ‚ãÞãöãã, ¹ãÆã©ãöãã

¦ã¦Ôã½ã Í㺪ãò ½ãò

Œãã¶ãã, ¹ããè¶ãã, Ôããñ¶ãã, “ãã¶ãã, ‚ãã¶ãã, ãäÊãŒã¶ãã, ¹ãü¤¶ãã

Page 47: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

ãäÌãÔãØãà ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã

Ôãã½ã㶾ã¦ã: ÔãâÔ‡ãðŠ¦ã Í㺪ãò ½ãò ¹ãƾããñØã

ãäÖ¶ªãè ‡ãñŠ ãäÌãÔ½ã¾ããªãèºããñ£ã‡ãŠ Í㺪ãò ½ãò ¹ãƾããñØã

Í㺪 ‡ãñŠ ½ã£¾ã ¾ãã ‚ãâ¦ã ½ãò £Ìããä¶ã ‚ãã¦ããè Öõ

ãä¶ã:ÔãâªñÖ ãä¶ã:ÔÌãã©ãà ªì:Œã ¹ãì¶ã: ¹ãÆã¦ã: ‚ã¦ã:

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À, Ôã, Ö, Íã ‡ãñŠ Á¹ã ½ãò „ÞÞããÀ¥ã

œ: - œÖ

ªì:ÍããÔã¶ã - ªìÍÍãÔã¶ã

ªì:ã䪶ã - ªìãäªÃ¶ã

ªì:ÔããÖÔã - ªìÔÔããÖÔã

Page 49: Vartani ki samasyayen aur hindi vyakaran by vijay ratre

‘À’ ‡ãñŠ ¹ãƇãŠãÀ

ÀãÓ›È, ›È‡ãŠ, ¡È½ã

„ÞÞããÀ¥ã ‘‚ã’ ‡ãŠãè ¦ãÀÖ ‚ããõÀ ‚ãàãÀ ‡ãñŠ Ôãã©ã

¹ãƇãŠãÀ, ‰ãŠ½ã, ¼ãƽã, Ñã½ã, ØãÆÖ

ªãñ ‚ãàãÀãò ‡ãñŠ ºããèÞã

Øã½ãÃ, ‡ãŠ½ãÃ, ½ã½ãÃ, Íã½ãÃ, £ã½ãÃ, ÌãØãÃ

ãäÌãÍãñÓã ¹ã Ôãñ ‘›’/ ‘¡’ ½ãò

„ÞÞããÀ¥ã ‘†’/‘ƒ’ ‡ãŠãè ¦ãÀÖ Ìã ‚ãàãÀ ‡ãñŠ Ôãã©ã

‡ãðŠ¹ãã, ‡ãðŠãäÓã, ØãðÖ

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‘Íã’ ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã

¦ã¦Ôã½ã Í㺪ãò ½ãò ‘Þã’/‘œ’ Ôãñ ¹ãÖÊãñ

ãä¶ãÍÞã¾ã, ãä¶ãÍÞãÊã, ãä¶ãÍœÊã

‘Íã’ Ìã ‘Ôã’ †‡ãŠ Ôãã©ã ‚ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ Í㺪 ‡ãñŠ‚ããÀâ¼ã/½ã£¾ã ½ãò

ÍããÔã¶ã, ¹ãÆÍãâÔãã, ÍããÔã‡ãŠ

ÍããñÓã¥ã, ÍããèÓãÇãŠ, ãäÌãÍãñÓã

‘Íã’ Ìã ‘Óã’ †‡ãŠ Ôãã©ã ‚ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ Í㺪 ‡ãñŠ ‚ããÀâ¼ã/½ã£¾ã ½ãò

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‘Óã’ ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã

‘›’/‘Ÿ’/‘¥ã’ Ôãñ ¹ãÖÊãñ

Óã›, Ô¹ãÓ›, ãä¶ãÓŸã, ¹ããÓãã¥ã, ¹ããñÓã¥ã

(‚ãâØãÆñ“ããè Í㺪ãò ‡ãñŠ ãäÊㆠ¾ãÖ ãä¶ã¾ã½ã ÊããØãî ¶ãÖãé)

ÔãâÔ‡ãðŠ¦ã Í㺪ãò ‡ãñŠ ºããèÞã ½ãò/‚ãâ¦ã ½ãò

¹ãìÁÓã, ¼ããèÓ½ã, ªãñÓã, ‡ãðŠãäÓã, ÍããèÓãÃ, ÌãÓããÃ, ‚ãã¼ãîÓã¥ã

¨ãÉ ‡ãñŠ ºããª

¨ãÉãäÓã, ‡ãðŠãäÓã, ÌãðãäÓ›, ¦ãðÓãã

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ØãÊã¦ã ¹ãƾããñØã ‡ãñŠ ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã ‚ã©ãà ¹ããäÀÌã¦ãö㠇ãŠãè Ôãâ¼ããÌã¶ãã

ãä½ãÊã (ãä½ãÊã¶ãã) ½ããèÊã (ªîÀãè ‡ãŠãè ƒ‡ãŠãƒÃ)

ã䪶ã (ãäªÌãÔã) ªãè¶ã (ØãÀãèºã)

ãäÞã¦ãã (‚ããØã) Þããè¦ãã (ºããÜã)

ªìÀ (ŒãÀãºã) ªîÀ (ªîÀãè ‡ãñŠ ‚ã©ãà ½ãò)

ãä¹ã¦ãã (ºãã¹ã) ¹ããè¦ãã (¹ããè¶ãñ ÌããÊãã) ÔãìÀ½ãã

(‚ãâ“ã¶ã) ÔãîÀ½ãã (ºãÖãªìÀ) ÔãìŒããè (ÔãìŒã

‡ãñŠ ‚ã©ãà ½ãò) ÔãîŒããè (¹ããèãäü¡¦ã,ãäÌãÊããñ½ã-ØããèÊããè )

Ôãì¶ãã (Ôãì¶ã¶ãã ‡ãñŠ ‚ã©ãà ½ãò) Ôãî¶ãã („“ããü¡, ŒããÊããè)

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ÔãÖ½ããä¦ã, ‚ãã¹ãã䦦ã, Øããä¦ã, ªìØãÃãä¦ã, ‚ã¶ãì½ããä¦ã, Ôããä½ããä¦ã,

„¸ããä¦ã, ̾ããä‡ã‹¦ã, ¶ããèãä¦ã, Àãèãä¦ã, Àã“ã¶ããèãä¦ã, ãäÔ©ããä¦ã, ¹ããä¦ã,

¹ããäÀãäÔ©ããä¦ã, ‚ããäضã, ÀããäÍã, œãäÌã, ‡ãŠãäÌã, ÀãäÌã

Í㺪 ‡ãñŠ ‚ãâ¦ã ½ãò ‘ƒ’ ÔÌãÀ ‡ãñŠ Ôãã©ã ̾ãâ“ã¶ã ‚ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

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ã䪶㠪õãä¶ã‡ãŠ

¹ãàã ¹ãããäàã‡ãŠ

¼ãîØããñÊã ¼ããõØããñãäÊã‡ãŠ

„²ããñØã ‚ããõ²ããñãäØã‡ãŠ

ªñÌã ªõãäÌã‡ãŠ

¹ãƇãðŠãä¦ã ¹ãÆã‡ãðŠãä¦ã‡ãŠ

¹ããäÀ¼ããÓãã ¹ãããäÀ¼ãããäÓã‡ãŠ

Ôãâ—ãã Ôãñ ãäÌãÍãñÓã¥ã ºã¶ãã¦ãñ Ôã½ã¾ã ‘ƒ‡ãŠ’ ¹ãƦ¾ã¾ã ÊãØã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ ½ãîÊã

Í㺪 ‡ãŠãè ½ãã¨ãã ªãèÜãà Öãñ “ãã¦ããè Öõ

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ÖÕ, ÖÃÑ, ÖÖ, ÖÎÚ ‡ÃÑŠ ºÃê

©ãã, ©ãñ, ©ããè ‡ãñŠ ºããª

½ãì¢ãñ ¹ã¦ãã Öõ ãä‡ãŠ ÍãÖÀãò ½ãò ÜãÀ-ÜãÀ ½ãò ãäºã“ãÊããè Öõ

¦ãì½ã “ãã¶ã¦ãñ Öãñ ãä‡ãŠ ½ããñֶ㠆‡ãŠ ¡ãù‡ã‹›À Öõ

½ãö ÞããÖ¦ãã Öîú ãä‡ãŠ ‚ãã¹ã û“ãÁÀ ‚ãã†ú

ºãã¹ãî ÞããÖ¦ãñ ©ãñ ãä‡ãŠ ¼ããÀ¦ã †‡ãŠ Ôã½ãð® ªñÍã ºã¶ãñ

„Ôã‡ãŠã ‡ãŠÖ¶ãã ©ãã ãä‡ãŠ ƒÔãñ Ôãºã ÊããñØã ¹ãü¤ñâ

ÔãìÌã¥ããà ÞããÖ¦ããè ©ããè ãä‡ãŠ ªîÀ-ªîÀ ¦ã‡ãŠ „Ôã‡ãŠãè ÞãÞããà Öãñ

ãä¹ã¦ãã “ããè ‡ãŠÖ ÀÖñ Öö ãä‡ãŠ ‡ãŠÊã ½ãñÖ½ãã¶ããò ‡ãŠãñ Êãñ¶ãñ ‚ãã¹ã “ãã†ú

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Øãã, Øãñ, Øããè ‡ãñŠ ºããª

„¶Öò ¾ãÖ ‡ãŠÖã ÖãñØãã ãä‡ãŠ Ìãñ ºãÞÞããò ‡ãŠãè ªñŒã¼ããÊã ‡ãŠÀòØãñ

ÌãÓããà ¶ã Öãñ¶ãñ Ôãñ Œãñ¦ããè ½ãò ºãã£ãã ¹ãü¡ñØããè ãä‡ãŠ ¶ãÖãé?

‡ã‹¾ãã ‚ãã¹ã ÞããÖòØãñ ãä‡ãŠ ØãÀãèºããò ‡ãŠã ¼ãÊãã ¶ã Öãñ

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‘„’ ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã

ãä¶ã½¶ããäÊããäŒã¦ã „¹ãÔãØããòà ‡ãñŠ Ôãã©ã

‚ã¶ãì, „¹ã

„¹ã‡ãŠãÀ, „¹ãÖãÀ, „¹ããäÔ©ããä¦ã, „¹ãÞããÀ

ãä“ã¶ã Í㺪ãò ‡ãŠñ „ÞÞããÀ¥ã ½ãò ‡ãŠ½ã Ôã½ã¾ã ÊãØã¦ãã Öõ

„£ããÀ, „ªãÔã, „Ô¦ããª, ‡ãìŠÔããê, ÔãìŒããè, ¹ãìÀã¶ããè

‚ã¶ãì½ãã¶ã, ‚ã¶ãìªã¶ã, ‚ã¶ãì½ããä¦ã

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›ã„¶ã, Ôãã„©ã, Ô‡ãŠã„›, ‚ãã„›, Ìãã„ÞãÀ

‚ãâØãÆñ“ããè Í㺪ãò ‡ãñŠ ½ã£¾ã ½ãò

£ãìÊãã¶ãã, ÁÊãã¶ãã, ÔãìÊãã¶ãã

¹ãÆñÀ¥ãã©ãÇ㊠ãä‰ãŠ¾ãã ºã¶ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

ÔãâÔ‡ãðŠ¦ã ¾ãã ¦ã¦Ôã½ã Í㺪ãò ½ãò

ª¾ããÊãì, Ìãã¾ãì, ¹ãÍãì, ‚ãã¾ãì, ½ã£ãì, Ôãñ¦ãì

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„‡ãŠãÀãâ¦ã Í㺪ãò ‡ãŠã ºãÖìÌãÞã¶ã ºã¶ãã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

Ìã£ãî Ìã£ãì†ú ºãÖî

ºãÖì†ú ¡ã‡ãîŠ

¡ã‡ã슂ããò

¼ããÊãî ¼ããÊãì‚ããò

Ôãã£ãî Ôãã£ãì‚ããò

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‘…’ ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã

ªñÍããè Í㺪ãò ‡ãñŠ ‚ãâ¦ã ½ãò

¦ãã…, ¡ã‡ãîŠ, Þãã‡ãîŠ, ÞããÊãî, ‡ãŠãºãî, ‡ãŠãÊãî, ºãì®î

ãä¶ã½¶ããäÊããäŒã¦ã ¹ãƦ¾ã¾ã ÊãØã¶ãñ ¹ãÀ

‚ããÊãî, ‚ãã‡ãîŠ

Êãü¡ã‡ãîŠ, ¹ãü¤ã‡ãîŠ

ãä“ã¶ã Í㺪ãò ‡ãŠã „ÞÞããÀ¥ã Êãâºãã Öãñ¦ãã Öõ

ÔãîŒããè, ¼ãîãä½ã, ¼ãîØããñÊã, ªÔ¦ãîÀ, ¼ãîÊã, ¼ãîŒã

ª¾ããÊãî, ‡ãðŠ¹ããÊãî

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‘Á’ ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã

„ÞÞããÀ¥ã ‚ãʹã Öãñ¶ãñ ¹ãÀ ‚Á‛ ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã

Áãä‡ã‹½ã¥ããè, ÁûŒãÔã¦ã, ÁÔ¦ã½ã, ÍãìÁ‚ãã¦ã, Á‡ãŠãÌã›,

Á¹ã¾ãñ, ¹ãìÁÓã, ÁãäÞã, Á¦ãºãã, ÁûŒã

„ÞÞããÀ¥ã ªãèÜãà Öãñ¶ãñ ¹ãÀ ‚Â‛ ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã

ºãÂ, Ÿ¶ãã, ¹ã, ¹ããâ¦ãÀ, ÂÔã, ÂŒãã,

ÍãìÂ, û“ãÂÀ, ½ã,

‘Â’ ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã

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ƑÔÃÃÄÊÆ, ÞÃÃÃÄÖ†, ‡ÃÑŠ ÃÄÊÆ

‘†’ ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã

‘‚ãã’ ¹ãÀ Ôã½ã㹦ã Öãñ¶ãñ ÌããÊãñ Í㺪ãò ‡ãŠã ºãÖìÌãÞã¶ã ºã¶ãã¦ãñ Ôã½ã¾ã

Öì‚ãã - Öì†

ãäÌããä£ã ãä‰ãŠ¾ãã‚ããò ½ãò

ªãèãä“ã†, Êããèãä“ã†, ¹ããèãä“ã†, Œãテ, ‚ãテ, “ãテ

‚ã̾ã¾ã/‚ããäÌã‡ãŠãÀãè Í㺪ãò ½ãò

‘¾ã’/‘Ìã’ ‡ãñŠ ºãªÊãñ ‘†’/‘‚ãã’/‘ƒÃ’ ‡ãñŠ ¹ãƾããñØã ‡ãŠãè ‚ã¶ãì½ããä¦ã

ãä‡ãŠ¾ãñ - ãä‡ãŠ†, “ãã¾ã - “ãã†, ÖìÌãã - Öì‚ãã, ¶ã¾ããè - ¶ãƒÃ

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‘¾ãñ' ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã

‚ãã¾ãã - ‚ãã¾ãñ

Øã¾ãã - Øã¾ãñ

Œãã¾ãã - Œãã¾ãñ

ãä‡ãŠ¾ãã - ãä‡ãŠ¾ãñ

ãäÊã¾ãã - ãäÊã¾ãñ ãä¹ã¾ãã

- ãä¹ã¾ãñ

‘¾ãã’ ¹ãÀ Ôã½ã㹦ã Öãñ¶ãñ ÌããÊãñ Í㺪ãò ‡ãŠã ºãÖìÌãÞã¶ã ºã¶ãã¦ãñ Ôã½ã¾ã

ÔãÀ‡ãŠãÀãè ‡ãŠã¾ãà ½ãò ‘¾ãñ’ ‡ãñŠ ºãªÊãñ ‘†’ ‡ãŠã ¹ãƾããñØã ‡ãŠÀ Ôã‡ãŠ¦ãñ Öö

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ØãÊã¦ã ÔãÖãè

Ô¨ããñ¦ã Õããñ¦ã (source) ÔãÖÔ¨ããã亪

(‚ãÔ¨ã ÔããäÖ¦ã) ÔãÖÕããã亪 (†‡ãŠ Ö“ãûãÀ ÌãÓãÃ) ‚ãÍÌã½ãñÜã

(‡ãŠãÊãã Üããñ¡ûã) ‚ãÍÌã½ãñ£ã (Üããñ¡ñ ‡ãŠã Ìã£ã) £ãî½ãƹãã¶ã

£ãî½ã¹ãã¶ã ¹ãÆ““ÌãÊã¶ã

¹ãÆ“ÌãÊã¶ã ‚ããñ½ã (¶ãã½ã ½ãò)

‚ããñ„½ã (ÔãâØããè¦ã ½ãò) Ñãã¹ã (Íãã¹ã ‡ãŠã ‚ã¹ã¼ãÆâÍã)

Íãã¹ã (‚ããä¼ãÍãã¹ã ‡ãŠã ÊãÜãì Á¹ã)

Í㺪 ¹ãƾããñØã

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‚ã¶ãìØãÆÖãè¦ã ‚ã¶ãìØãðÖãè¦ã

„¹ãÀãñ‡ã‹¦ã „¹ã¾ãìÇ㋦ã

ÔããõÖãªÃÆ ÔããõÖãªÃ

ÔãìÔÌããØã¦ã½ã ÔÌããØã¦ã½ã

„““ãÌãÊã „““ÌãÊã

Ô㶾ããÔããè ÔãⶾããÔããè

‡ãŠã¾ãÃÌããÖãè ‡ãŠãÀÃÌããƒÃ

ãä¶ãªóÍã‡ãŠ ãä¶ãªñÍã‡ãŠ

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‡ãìŠÊã¹ããä¦ã Vice Chancellor „¹ã

‡ãìŠÊã¹ããä¦ã Pro Vice Chancellor

‡ãìŠÊãããä£ã¹ããä¦ã/‡ãìŠÊã¶ãã¾ã‡ãŠ Chancellor

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