Random Euroopa keskaja pildid ja veits

tekstiBy Karl Martin Ingerma

Karolingide ‘’renessans’’ umbes 8-9 sajand

Frankide riikFrankish Culture

The Realm of the Franks at its height rivaled the Western Roman Empire in both territorial extent and political power but it was backward in

compare to the Roman culture and society. There were virtually no cities that had been the centers of culture, art and intellectual life during the Roman Empire, while early medieval Europe was virtually completely

illiterate. In addition, vulgar Latin began to diverge into the precursors of modern Romance languages and not all priests were able to understand

and interpret the Vulgate Bible, a late 4th century Latin version of the Bible. As a man of faith and sworn protector of the Church, Charlemagne felt that it was his duty to improve education of the clergy to teach the

faith properly as well as to help him govern through the network of bishops whom he used for carrying out the administrative tasks.

Carolingian MinusculeCharlemagne’s educational reform required development of standardized

Latin and more legible script. He invited the elite scholars from all over Europe to his court in Aachen including Peter of Pisa, Paul the Deacon,

Alcuin of York, Einhard, Theodulf of Orleans and many others who established the basis for the intellectual revival. The so-called medieval

Latin became the standard form of the language and was adopted as the language of medieval scholars and Roman Catholic Church as well as the language of literature, science, law and administration. The scholars at Charlemagne’s court also developed the Carolingian miniscule that was

the writing standard in Europe until High Middle Ages, while the Renaissance humanists used it as a basis for the early modern Italic script

which in turn was the model for modern typefaces.

‘’Tavaline keskaeg’’

Byzantine EmpireΒασιλεία ῬωμαίωνBasileía RhōmaíōnaImperium Romanum

Keskaegne KiieviVeneNovgorod(võttis palju üle Bütsansilt)

Islami kuldajastu 8-13/16 sajand

Alloleval pildil on kujutatud Aristotle, kellel oli väga suur mõju islami filosoofiale.