INTER NATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PREPARED BY:

MUHAMMAD ABRAR KHAN

SUBMITTED TO:ENGR.WAQAS

HAROON

SUBJECT:

INTRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF LEVELING I NSTRUMENTS

DUMPY LEVEL:• The dumpy level is a simple,compact and stable

instrument. • The telescope is rigidly fixed to its supports .• Hence the level tube cannot rotate about

horizontal axis.• It cannot be removed from its support.• Hence it is named as  dumpy level

FUNCTION OF DUMPY LEVEL :The telescope can rotate only in a

horizontal plane. To determine relative elevation of

different points of a surveying landTo determine distance among

different locations of a surveying land.

Due to the rigidity of dumpy levels, it retains its two adjustment for a long time.

Y (WEY) LEVEL:The essential difference between Y

and otherIn this type of level, the telescope is

supported in two Y-shaped supports. telescope fixed with the help of

curved clips. Telescope can be rotated,moved or even raised in

wyes.

FUNCTIONS OF Y LEVEL:Clips can be opened and telescope can be

reversed end to end and fitted.The advantage of this level is some of the

errors eliminated, if the readings are taken in both the direction of telescope.

COOKE’S REVERSIBLE LEVEL:In this instrument the telescope is supported

by two rigid sockets into which telescope can be introduced from either end and then screwed.

Functions Of Cooke’s Reversible Level:It combines the feature of both dumpy and Y-

level.Telescope is supported by two screwed.Once the telescoped is pushed into the

scokeds and screw is tightened the level act as dumpy level

CUSHING’S LEVEL:In this the telescope barrel is fixed to the

support. It can neither be removed nor rotated about its longitudinal axis.

Reversing of the telescope end for end is achieved by interchanging the eyepiece and the objective piece .

FUNCTIONS OF CUSHING’S LEVEL:

MODERN TILTING LEVEL:It is also known as I.O.P. level(Indian office

pattern).In this, telescope can be tilted through about its

horizontal axis hence it is called tilting level. Hence bubble can be easily centered. But it

needs centering of the bubble before taking every reading.

It should be horizontal at each setting.

Functions Of Modern Tilting Level:•In this level it is not necessary that the line of collimation is at right angles to the vertical axis.

AUTOMATIC LEVEL:The auto-level or the automatic-level is a self

aligning level.It is a recent development.The fundamental difference between auto level

and other levels is that the leveling is not manually but it is leveled automatically.

It is achieved by an inclination compensating device.

The operational comfort, high speed and precision are the advantages of this instrument.