CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 1

Monitoring Bending and Buckling of Long Pipelines Through Strain Gauges

4th FYP PresentationME-2011

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 2

Group Members• Jamshid Khan (GL)• Asad Jahangir• Hafeez Ullah• Faisal Ziyad

Advisor• Dr. Naseer Ahmed

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 3

Contents• Introduction• Aim• Objectives • Fabrication Work• Material Used • Types of Process• Sub Assemblies • General Assemblies • Finishing

• Conclusion

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 4

Introduction• Pipeline system are widely used for distribution and transportation of

petroleum, natural gas, water and sewage. • During their service life, the pipelines face many threats such as bending

and buckling. • These damages occurs due to Temperature change Internal pressure Ground movement.

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 5

Aim

• Monitoring of long pipes through strain gauges

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 6

Objectives • To find the life time of pipes • To rapidly detect damages in pipes • To secure humans life due to the damage or leakage of gas in pipes • To save power by using wireless network to detect specific leakage point

in real time. • To reduce pipeline rupture in short interval of times by signal networks.

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 7

Fabrication Work

• In Fabrication work, the team construct by combining or assembling diverse, 

typically standardized parts• In this project the fabrication involves Supporting frame Pipe supporter Strain gauges installation

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 8

Material used

• Material used in frame manufacturing are aluminum.

• The whole weight of frame is 12.6 kg.

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 9

Pipe material

• We have selected PVC material for pipe.• Its length is 5 ft.• Diameter is 40 mm.• Life time is 30 years.

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 10

PVC Pipe Physical properties

Water absorption increase % 0.05

Coefficient of Linear Expansion (in/in/°F) 2.9 x 10-5

Material Becomes Viscous 350°F

Maximum Service Temp. 140°F

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 11

Aluminum Properties for Frame

Melting Point (°C) 660.2

Boiling Point (°C) 2480Co-Efficient of Linear Expansion (0-100°C) (x10-6/°C)

23.

Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) 68.3

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 12

Supporter Material

Material Cast iron

Tensile strength 250 Mpa

Fatigue Resistance 110 MPa

Yield Strength (0.2%) 160 MPa

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 13

Types of process

• Arc welding • Fastener • Strain gauges installation

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 14

Strain Gauges Installation • Strain gauge grid are made alloys of copper and

nickel.• It can find unidirectional strain.

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 15

Continue…• Strain gauges are the device used to measure the

strain in an object.• The gauges are attached to an object by suitable

adhesive.• The resistance changes is commonly measured by

using wheat Stonebridge.

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 16

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 17

Continue..

• Bond strain gauge to measuring site

• Drop of the adhesive, put the strain gauge on the

measuring site while lining up the center marks

• Press strain gauge

• Cover the strain gauge with the accessory

polyethylene sheet and press it over the sheet

with a thumb.

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 18

Continue…

• Complete bonding work• Remove the polyethylene sheet and make

sure the strain gauge is securely bonded.

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 19

Continue..

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 20

NDT ?

• Method of finding defects in an object without harming the object.

• If pipe had to be cut into pieces to be examined. It would destroy their usefulness.

• Here in NDT, defects may be find before they become dangerous.

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 21

NDT Assessment

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 22

Software Assessment

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 23

Graphic indication of nodes

• In graph there are two type of value Positive Value Negative Value • In some areas the positive/Negative value gives

indication about tension and compression of pipe.• The Positive/Negative value deliver by the system are

per second.

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 24

Continue..• This line show the disruption (Tension).• Here the applied force is not uniform but variable

with time.• If we restore its position, the value remain

constant.

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 25

Continue….

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 26

Continue..

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 27

Continue…Vo

ltage

Time (Sec)

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 28

Sub Assemblies

•Frame•Supporter•Central processing unit for analog data•Strain Gauge •Out put data on screen in form of graphics

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 29

Frame ParameterLength 42 in

Weight 12.6 Kg

height 32 in

Weight Bear 90 kg

Material used Aluminum 3031

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 30

Supporter

Length 4 in

Height 1 ft.

Weight 2 kg

Thickness 3 mm

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 31

Central Processing Unit

• In CPU the Data are collected in the form of analog.

• The analog data are converted into digital.• The data are process to over come noise and get

free-error data.• Each terminal of Strain gauge are connected to +in

–in.

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 32

Strain gauge• We will installed one strain gauge at center

position.• Position of strain gauge. • Strain Gauge parallel to the axis.

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 33

General Assembliesframe

System

Pipe

Supporter

Data Acquistion

Strain Gauge

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 34

Thank You

CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 35

Any Question ?