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CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 1
Monitoring Bending and Buckling of Long Pipelines Through Strain Gauges
5th FYP PresentationME-2011
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 2
Group Members• Jamshid Khan (GL)• Hafeez Ullah• Asad Jahangir• Faisal Ziyad
Advisor• Dr. Naseer Ahmed
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 3
Contents• Introduction• Aim• Objectives • Fabrication Work• Material Used • Types of Process• Sub Assemblies • General Assemblies
• Testing and Commissioning• Conclusion
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 4
Introduction• Pipeline system are widely used for distribution and transportation of
petroleum, natural gas, water and sewage. • During their service life, the pipelines face many threats such as bending
and buckling. • These damages occurs due to Temperature change Internal pressure Ground movement.
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 5
Aim
• Monitoring of long pipes through strain gauges
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Objectives • To find the life time of pipes • To rapidly detect damages in pipes • To secure humans life due to the damage or leakage of gas in pipes • To save power by using wireless network to detect specific leakage point
in real time. • To reduce pipeline rupture in short interval of times by signal networks.
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 7
Fabrication Work
• In Fabrication work, the team construct by combining or assembling diverse,
typically standardized parts• In this project the fabrication involves Supporting frame Pipe supporter Strain gauges installation
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 8
Material used
• Material used in frame manufacturing are aluminum.
• The whole weight of frame is 12.6 kg.
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 9
Pipe material
• We have selected PVC material for pipe.• Its length is 5 ft.• Diameter is 40 mm.• Life time is 30 years.
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 10
PVC Pipe Physical properties
Water absorption increase % 0.05
Coefficient of Linear Expansion (in/in/°F) 2.9 x 10-5
Material Becomes Viscous 350°F
Maximum Service Temp. 140°F
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 11
Aluminum Properties for Frame
Melting Point (°C) 660.2
Boiling Point (°C) 2480Co-Efficient of Linear Expansion (0-100°C) (x10-6/°C)
23.
Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) 68.3
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 12
Supporter Material
Material Cast iron
Tensile strength 250 Mpa
Fatigue Resistance 110 MPa
Yield Strength (0.2%) 160 MPa
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 13
Types of process
• Arc welding • Fastening • Strain gauge installation
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 14
Strain Gauge Installation• Strain gauges are the device used to measure the
strain in an object.• The gauges are attached to an object by suitable
adhesive.• The resistance changes is commonly measured by
using wheat Stonebridge.
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 15
Continue… • Strain gauge grid are made alloys of copper and
nickel.• It can find unidirectional strain.
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 16
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 17
Continue..
• Bond strain gauge to measuring site
• Drop of the adhesive, put the strain gauge on the
measuring site while lining up the center marks
• Press strain gauge
• Cover the strain gauge with the accessory
polyethylene sheet and press it over the sheet
with a thumb.
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 18
Continue…
• Complete bonding work• Remove the polyethylene sheet and make
sure the strain gauge is securely bonded.
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 19
Continue..
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 20
Testing…
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 21
NDT ?
• Method of finding defects in an object without harming the object.
• If pipe had to be cut into pieces to be examined. It would destroy their usefulness.
• Here in NDT, defects may be find before they become dangerous.
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 22
NDT Assessment
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 23
Software Assessment
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 24
Graphic indication of nodes
• In graph there are two type of value Positive Value Negative Value • In some areas the positive/Negative value gives
indication about tension and compression of pipe.• The Positive/Negative value deliver by the system are
per second.
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 25
Continue..• This line show the disruption (Tension).• Here the applied force is not uniform but variable
with time.• If we restore its position, the value remain
constant.
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 26
Continue….
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 27
Continue..
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 28
Continue…Vo
ltage
Time (Sec)
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 29
Sub Assemblies
•Frame•Supporter•Central processing unit for analog data•Strain Gauge •Out put data on screen in form of graphics
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 30
Frame ParameterLength 42 in
Weight 12.6 Kg
height 32 in
Weight Bear 90 kg
Material used Aluminum 3031
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 31
Supporter
Length 4 in
Height 1 ft.
Weight 2 kg
Thickness 3 mm
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 32
Central Processing Unit
• In CPU the Data are collected in the form of analog.
• The analog data are converted into digital.• The data are process to over come noise and get
free-error data.• Each terminal of Strain gauge are connected to +in
–in.
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 33
Strain gauge• We will installed one strain gauge at center
position.• Position of strain gauge. • Strain Gauge parallel to the axis.
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General Assembliesframe
System
Pipe
Supporter
Data Acquistion
Strain Gauge
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 35
Final testing • The purpose of the test is to make a final review of
the Project.• These value in the form of graphs which indicate
the strain at different position.• There are three nodes while each node contain 4
strain gauges at different location.
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 36
02 Nov 2015
02 Nov 2015
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 37
Node 1 Node 2 Node 3
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 38
Node 1
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4:10:5
0
4:10:5
0
4:10:5
1
4:10:5
1
4:10:5
2
4:10:5
2
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4:10:54
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4:11:01
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4:11:02
4:11:03
4:11:03
4:11:04
4:11:04
4:11:05
4:11:05
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
Series1 Series2 Series3 Series4
Time (Sec)
Vol
tage
V
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 40
4:10:50 4:10:50 4:10:51 4:10:51 4:10:52 4:10:52 4:10:53 4:10:53 4:10:54 4:10:54 4:10:55 4:10:55 4:10:56 4:10:56 4:10:57 4:10:57 4:10:58 4:10:58 4:10:59
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
Node 1V
olta
ge
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4:10:50 4:10:50 4:10:51 4:10:51 4:10:52 4:10:52 4:10:53 4:10:53 4:10:54 4:10:54 4:10:55 4:10:55 4:10:56 4:10:56 4:10:57 4:10:57 4:10:58 4:10:58 4:10:59
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
Node 1V
olta
ge
4:10:5
0
4:10:5
0
4:10:5
1
4:10:5
1
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4:10:5
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4:10:53
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4:11:02
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4:11:03
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4:11:04
4:11:05
4:11:05
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Series1
Time (Sec)
Stra
in (m
m)
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 42
4:10:5
0
4:10:5
0
4:10:5
1
4:10:51
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2
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8
4:10:58
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9
4:10:59
4:11:00
4:11:00
4:11:01
4:11:01
4:11:02
4:11:02
4:11:03
4:11:03
4:11:04
4:11:04
4:11:05
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Series1 Series2 Series3 Series4
Time(Sec)
Vol
tage
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 43
4:10:5
0
4:10:5
0
4:10:51
4:10:51
4:10:5
2
4:10:5
2
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4:10:5
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4:10:55
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4:10:5
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4:10:58
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8
4:10:5
9
4:10:59
4:11:00
4:11:00
4:11:01
4:11:01
4:11:02
4:11:02
4:11:03
4:11:03
4:11:04
4:11:04
4:11:05
4:11:05
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Series1Series2Series3Series4
Time (Sec)
Vol
tage
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 44
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Series1Series2Series3Series4
Time (Sec)
Vol
tage
4:10:5
0
4:10:5
0
4:10:5
1
4:10:5
1
4:10:5
2
4:10:5
2
4:10:5
3
4:10:53
4:10:5
4
4:10:54
4:10:5
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4:10:5
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4:11:00
4:11:00
4:11:01
4:11:01
4:11:02
4:11:02
4:11:03
4:11:03
4:11:04
4:11:04
4:11:05
4:11:05
-1.2
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
Time
Stra
in (m
m)
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 45
Conclusion
• The proposed technique is a type of nondestructive tests that allows the examination of pipeline structural health without causing any damage to the material.
• The gathered information provide valuable information regarding bending, stretching and contraction.
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 46
Thank You
CECOS UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering 47
Any Question ?