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THE AGEING BRAIN 20 January 2015, 17.00 -‐ 18.30
Dr. S. Kergoat 2015 ILSI Annual Mee7ng 19-‐20 January, 2015 Chandler, Phoenix, Arizona
Presenta?on overview • Introduc7on: Nutri7on and Mental Performance Task Force • Ageing popula7on focus • Workshop report: Nutri7on for the ageing brain -‐ towards
evidence for an opAmal diet
Nutri?on and Mental Performance
Background and Objec?ves The rela7onship between nutri7on and mental performance has grown substan7ally in recent years. • In this developing field, the Nutri7on and Mental Performance Task Force works
– to advance and disseminate scien7fic knowledge on the effects of diet and food components on mental performance,
– to increase awareness of the importance of nutri7on for brain func7ons across the lifespan.
Impact • The task force has produced elemental guidance for research in the field. Nutri?on and Mental Performance Expert Groups • REVIEW: Measuring and Valida7ng the Subjec7ve Effects of Food on Mood and
Mental Performance. • WORKSHOP: 'Nutri7on for the Ageing Brain: Toward Evidence for an Op7mal Diet',
3-‐4 July 2014, Milan (IT).
Ageing popula?on
<15
15-‐59
60+
<15
15-‐59
60+
<15
15-‐59
60+
The ageing popula?on: The percentage of aged populaAons (60+) will skyrocket in almost every country in the next few decades.
Source: WHO, 2012
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
100+ 95-‐99 90-‐94 85-‐89 80-‐84 75-‐79 70-‐74 65-‐69 60-‐64 55-‐59 50-‐54 45-‐49 40-‐44 35-‐39 30-‐34 25-‐29 20-‐24 15-‐19 10-‐14 5-‐9 0-‐4
100+ 95-‐99 90-‐94 85-‐89 80-‐84 75-‐79 70-‐74 65-‐69 60-‐64 55-‐59 50-‐54 45-‐49 40-‐44 35-‐39 30-‐34 25-‐29 20-‐24 15-‐19 10-‐14 5-‐9 0-‐4
100+ 95-‐99 90-‐94 85-‐89 80-‐84 75-‐79 70-‐74 65-‐69 60-‐64 55-‐59 50-‐54 45-‐49 40-‐44 35-‐39 30-‐34 25-‐29 20-‐24 15-‐19 10-‐14 5-‐9 0-‐4 100+
95-‐99 90-‐94 85-‐89 80-‐84 75-‐79 70-‐74 65-‐69 60-‐64 55-‐59 50-‐54 45-‐49 40-‐44 35-‐39 30-‐34 25-‐29 20-‐24 15-‐19 10-‐14 5-‐9 0-‐4
100+ 95-‐99 90-‐94 85-‐89 80-‐84 75-‐79 70-‐74 65-‐69 60-‐64 55-‐59 50-‐54 45-‐49 40-‐44 35-‐39 30-‐34 25-‐29 20-‐24 15-‐19 10-‐14 5-‐9 0-‐4
100+ 95-‐99 90-‐94 85-‐89 80-‐84 75-‐79 70-‐74 65-‐69 60-‐64 55-‐59 50-‐54 45-‐49 40-‐44 35-‐39 30-‐34 25-‐29 20-‐24 15-‐19 10-‐14 5-‐9 0-‐4
<15
15-‐59
60+
<15
15-‐59
60+
<15
15-‐59
60+
1970
1970 2010
2010 2050
2050
Less developed regions
More developed regions
Males Females
Source: WHO, 2012
Percentage aged 60 years or over
0-‐9 10-‐19 20-‐24 25-‐29 30 or over No data
The ageing popula?on: percentage of aged populaAons (60+) in 2012
Source: WHO, 2012
Percentage aged 60 years or over 0-‐9 10-‐19 20-‐24 25-‐29 30 or over No data
The ageing popula?on: percentage of aged populaAons (60+) in 2050
Growing number of people with demen?a
Source: WHO, 2012
Publica?ons containing the term “cogni?ve decline” AND “diet” OR “nutri?on”
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1992
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Num
ber o
f pub
lica?
ons
Year Source: Scopus – extracted December 2014
Nutri?on and the ageing brain
“It is becoming widely accepted that lifestyle changes are the best protec7on against demen7a, crea7ng a massive opportunity for nutri7onal products”. Keith Wesnes, Northumbria University
Lexical cluster analysis Terms: cogniAve+decline+diet Database: PubMed
• Currently there are no preventa7ve dietary recommenda7ons for preserving brain health and cogni7on by any major health organisa7ons.
• Regulatory agencies have not given any posi7ve opinions for nutrients that help maintain brain func7on during ageing.
• At the same 7me, there exists a wealth of disparate data rela7ng to how nutrients, food components and whole diets impact cogni7ve ageing.
Diet and brain health
The task force has embarked on a project to review the evidence suppor7ng how nutrients, food and diet influence brain health. Ac?vity A workshop was organised to define the mechanisms and 7meframes of brain ageing and iden7fy when neuroprotec7on via nutri7on can begin.
Workshop report
Workshop objec?ves • Iden7fy evidence of an effect of diet or specific sets of nutrients or dietary
factors on cogni7ve ageing.
• Iden7fy ways of promo7ng healthy cogni7ve ageing. – If there is significant evidence, what are the effects of nutrients or
dietary factors on cogni7on? – How do individual and environmental differences or other dietary
components play a role in the effects that these nutrients exert? – Are there age-‐specific dietary requirements?
Five sessions were addressed during this event:
Session 1: Introduc?on and background • Welcome, introduc7on and objec7ves of the workshop Prof. Diána Báná7
• Understanding normal and pathological declines in cogni7ve func7on and how they can be influenced by gene7c and dietary factors
Prof. Keith Wesnes
Session 2: Mechanisms of ageing and neuroprotec?on via nutrients • Oxida7ve stress Dr Anne-‐Marie Roussel
• Neuro inflamma7on (microglia and astrocytes, inflammageing) Dr Hugh Perry
• An7amyloidogenic (APP processing, tau phosphoryla7on) Prof. Robert Williams
• Neurodegenera7on and synap7c dysfunc7on/loss Dr Laura Caberlomo
• Biomarkers of cogni7ve status Dr Robert Perneczky
Session 3: Can a healthy brain be maintained an a basic balanced diet -‐ what is the role of individual varia?on? • Diets (including mediterranean) vs. Superfoods (e.g. Func7onal) vs. Supplementa7on Dr Cris7na Andres-‐Lacueva
• Interven7on trials Dr Ondine van de Rest
• Molecular mechanisms underlying dietary modula7on of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: implica7ons for mental health
Dr Sandrine Thuret
• Ketogenic diets Dr Robin Williams
• Lifestyles factors (e.g. Nutri7on, exercise, stress) for preserva7on of cogni7on: what is the poten7al role of nutri7on; can exercise enhance micronutrient effects?
Prof. Eef Hogervorst
• Role of obesity/diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance/metabolic disease in brain ageing, including metabolic factors
Prof. Anne-‐Marie Minihane
Session 4: methodological challenges — finding solu?ons • Transla7on of animal results: mechanis7c findings, models and caveats Prof. Jeremy Spencer • Effects of diets on cerebral blood flow and structure and func7on (fmri, bold, ASL, DTI) Dr. Amanda Kiliaan • Nutri7on and the brain ageing: what epidemiology tells us? Dr. Pascale Barberger-‐
Gateau • Why randomised trials in humans should be the gold standard for data on nutrients and ageing? Dr. Robert Clarke • Biomarkers of nutri7on status Dr. Claudine Manach
Closing session
• Specific nutrient intake levels and cogni7ve ability: are there op7mal levels for preserving cogni7on?
Dr Gene Bowman
Session 5: discussion and debate? • Key issues and knowledge gaps
• Wrap-‐up and closing remarks
Ques?ons addressed in the workshop
• To what extent are RDIs useful in providing guidance for op7mal nutrient intake for cogni7ve aging?
• If the RDIs are inadequate, how could we derive bemer recommenda7ons?
• What impact should our knowledge of the effect of age related nutrient uptake (intes7ne and brain), nutrient metabolism and nutrient u7liza7on on cogni7ve aging have on nutrient intake guidelines?
• Is there a scien7fic basis to develop age-‐specific nutrient needs for brain health?
• Does genotype and inter-‐individual variability represent a barrier for dietary supplementa7on?
• Do food bioac7ves act synergis7cally when combined? • Does the current research allow us to translate to human interven7ons
under clinical condi7ons? • What are the main knowledge gaps regarding nutrient needs for cogni7ve
aging, and how does this translate into research recommenda7ons?
Workshop conclusions
Output
• The key recommenda7ons for cogni7ve maintenance are avoiding health condi7ons like obesity, anaemia, diabetes and heart disease in midlife. These contribute to faster brain ageing and increased risk of demen7a.
• Addi7onally, nutri7on recommenda7ons of many countries are reflec7ve of peripheral needs. They may not be enough for the high energy and specific nutrient demands of the brain (e.g. increased levels of glucose, DHA, Vitamin C, etc).
• Therefore, it is important to understand which nutrients need to be supplemented during ageing when the efficiency of nutrient absorp7on decreases.
• There is huge and convincing epidemiological evidence that special diets (high polyphenol and nutrients rich/low calories) and intake of certain nutrients (vitamins B and D, and an7oxidants) have the ability to amenuate the rate of cogni7ve decline.
• Research needs to iden7fy which individuals will benefit from specific nutrients (some may be able to do with less or some have special need for more).
• These individual differences in nutrient needs may also make some more likely to develop health issues that contribute to brain ageing like hyperhomocysteinemia or high blood pressure.
• There are massive opportuni7es for nutri7onal products and op7mal diets but these need to be translated in clear preven7ve guidelines to maintain cogni7ve func7on during ageing.
• The workshop also iden7fied the mismatch of epidemiology and
randomised clinical trials as a key knowledge gap. Next steps • The proceedings of the workshop is currently summarised into a peer-‐
reviewed ar7cle.
Acknowledgements Dr David Vauzour (chair) University of East Anglia (UK) Dr Siobhan Mitchell (co-‐chair) Nestlé (CH) Dr Pascale Barberger-‐Gateau INSERM (FR) Dr Sophie Kergoat Wrigley (Mars Inc.) (US) Prof. Ugo Lucca Mario Negri Ins7tute Pharmacology Research (IT) Dr Lionel Noah Sanofi-‐Aven7s R&D (FR) Dr María Ramírez Abbom Nutri7on (ES) Dr John Sijben Danone (NL) Prof. Maurits Vandewoude University of Antwerp (BE) Prof. Keith Wesnes Northumbria University (UK) Dr. Dana Bada7 ILSI Europe (BE) Dr. Pra7ma Rao Jas7 iLSI Europe (BE) Dr. Jeroen Schuermans ILSI Europe (BE) Dr. Peter Putz ILSI Europe (BE)
Taskforce members
Dr. Siobhan Mitchell (Chair) Nestlé CH Dr. Caroline Saunders (Vice-‐Chair) PepsiCo Interna7onal UK Prof. Keith Wesnes (Co-‐Chair) Northumbria University UK Dr. Mélanie Charron Soremartec Italia – Ferrero Group IT Ms. Anja Holz Südzucker/BENEO Group DE Dr. Sophie Kergoat Wrigley (Mars Inc.) US Dr. Hasan Mohajeri DSM CH Dr. Lionel Noah Sanofi-‐Aven7s R&D FR Dr. María Ramírez Abbom Nutri7on ES Dr. John Sijben Danone NL Dr. Berenike Stracke Schwabegroup DE Dr. Barbara Winters Campbell Soup Company US Dr. Pra7ma Rao Jas7 ILSI Europe BE Dr. Jeroen Schuermans ILSI Europe BE
Nutri?on and Mental Performance
Thank You ! Merci !
