1. 1921 2011 : 25 . . 2. . . 25 . 25 .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
70% . . 3. . . . . . .
------------------------------------------------------------- 4. .
. 1882 . . . " ) " 1 ) 1892 7,326,000 1907 87,176,000 1912
100,152,000 5. . " " 00 132 ) . 2 ) " 00 ,80 000 ,25 000 ). 3 ) . "
" : 1889" " 1889" " 1892" " 1902)4 ) 6. " " " ". 1909" " " " . " ).
5 ) . " " " " 1915 . " : . : 7. . " : ) . 6 ) . . : " 12). 7 ) : "
14 2 . ). 8 ) 8. . : 1899 1901 1901 1902 1902 ) 9 ) . " " : 1- 8 12
. 2- . 3- . 4- . 5- . - ) ( . . ) 1907( 1893 9. . ) 10 ) ) 1906" "
( 60 113 . ) 1907( 12 . ) 1908( ) 1908( ) 1907) ( 1910 ). . " " " "
) 131918( . 10. . " " . : ). 11 ) 1921) " 12( " " " " " " " "
291921 - . - . - . - . 11. - ) 13 ) - : - . - . - . - . - . - . : .
. . 12. . . " " . 141921 : . " " . . . 30 1922 13. " " " " . 1923 :
: 1- . 2- . 3- . 4- . 5- . : : 1- . 2- . 3- . 4- . 5- ) . 14 ) 14.
: 1- . 2- . 3- . : 1- . 2- . 3- . 4- . 5- 100 . 6- . : : 1- . 2- .
3- . 15. . ) . 15 ) 101922" 18 ". : 251922 15 . " " . 1923 , ). 16
) 1923 1924 . 16. 1924 . ). " " 17) 1923 . " " 5 ) . 18 ) " " 1924
19 1924 . " " " " 17. " " " " . " " " . " " " " " " " " ) 19 ).
31924 ) 20). 13 18. 191924 281924 " 1963" 61924 6 14-8-1925 ) 21 ).
. . 251926 . 181925 19. 11925 1919.. . 81925 . 1927 1930) 22 ).
1928 21 . - 1934 22 20. . - 18-4-1934" : 1927 . - 201935 " 1935" .
... : .. .. .. .. .. 191908 21. .. 121907 1919.. 1952.. : ) ) 1918.
.. .. .. 1899-1952. .. .. .. .. .. 51924 1925-1940. .. " 19271930"
.
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22. 19391965 . " " : " 712 15 ) " 1 ). " ": " 23. - " " . . 95 % 27
) . " 2) " ": " . . 24. . . 1930 . ( - - ) . . . ( ) " " - . ). 3 )
. 1939 1958 : 1- 1939 25. ) " " ) 1946( ) . 2- 1940 - " - - " 3- (
) 1943 " " ( ) 4- ( ) 1943 " " 5- 1943 6- 1946 ) ) 26. 7- ( ) 1946
1945 : . ( ) 1949" " " " " " 1957 . 8 1946 . " " ) 1924( 9- 1946 )
" " 1924 ) 10 1946 " " " + " 11- ) (1947 " " " ". 12 ( ) 1949 " "
1959" " 27. 13 1947 ) " 14 1947 " " 15 1948 " " " " " ". 16 1948 -
" 17 1949 " - " " " 18 ) ) " " - ) ). 19 ) ) ) ) 20 1949 " " 28. -
- " " 21 ( ) 1949 " - - - 22- 1949 23 1949 . 24 ( ) 1950 " - " 25
1950 " " " 26 1950 ) ) 27 ( ) 1950 " " 28 ) ) 29. - ( ) " 29 1955 "
" " " " "+ + + " " " + " 30 1956 . ( ) 31 1957 ( " + " ) 32 )
8(1958 " " " " + + " 8 ". 33 ( . ) 1958 + . 34 ( ) 1958 " 8 35 ( )
1962 ) ) 30. 1939 1962 . " 19391964" . " " " " " " " ". . . 1918
330 13 ) 4 ) 31. " 1885 1925 ". . ) " 5 ) ) 6 ). : " " " " "
1934-1939) "7 ) : 32. . " " " " ) 8 ) " " " )." " 9) . 4- " " " ".
1944 . 5- " " . 6- " " . 33. 7- " . 8- " " " " " 1941 . 9- " . " "
" 111946" ". 10- " . " . 11- ) 10( 1947 . : " : .. .. .. " 12- 1942
) .11 ) 34. 13- " " " " " " . : " " " " " " " 22 . " " " " " 500)."
12 ) " " " ". . ) :" " 35. 1946 " " " " " " " " " : ).( 13 ) 1945 "
" 6000 " " " " : : . . . 36. " " 1946 " " ) " 14( 1946 . " . 91946
20. :" " ). 15 ) 37. . 21 " " . 21 " " . 4 . 8" " . : " " . . " 100
% " . 38. " " " ": " 1946 1946 . 1947 . 1945 " " . : " 1951 1952" :
. 39. ) .17 ) . : 1936 . 1936 " - " 40. " " . ) " 18) 41. 1935 . .
" ": 1940 175 . 1937 42. 95 " " " " ). 19 ) . " " . " " : .. 43.
.." " .. .. .. . . 80 . "" " " . " " " " : " . . 1947 " " ": " 44.
1952 " ". " " " " " " " ".. " " . 1949" - " . . 1950" ". 45. " " "
" " . " " 23 . 52 ( ) ) ( ............... " " 231952" " . " "
121952 10 . ( ) 46. , , 13 , , )" " 20" ( " .. " , " ... " " " ) "
): " , , )." . 21 " . 1956 1956 47. , , . 1968 1854,1856 ) ) _ : )
. 22 ) : " , , , , , . 48. ( ) ). 23 ) ). 24 ) 19581964 19211964
1958 1959 . : " , " : " ... , ... . . 49. , . , ... , , .... 1959 .
... : _ _ _ _ _ , , 50. , _ ). , 25 ) : ... . . : " ) , , ( . , , .
51. . 47 . 1961 : 25 % ) 2 2 ) ) 5000 ) 9 % 149 15 17 91 50 % 100
1962........ 52. ( ) 141965 : " ( ) ) ). 1965 . .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.. .. ... ... " " . .. 53. .. .. .. 1940.. .. 10 " " . 1946.. .. ..
.. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. 54. . .. ..
------------------------------------- 1965252011 46 " ". : " 8 "
1967 1975" 8 " . 3- 55. 8 1989 4- " " 1976 . 5- " " 1975 . 6- " " .
7- 1971 . 8- 1986 . 9- 56. 10- 2005 . : " " 1966 " ) " 1 ) . 1967 .
. 1968 . 77 635 : 57. 1- . 2- . 3- . 4- . 5- . 6- . 7- . 8- ) . 2 )
" " " 3 " " " 60 % 80) %4 ). 1968 . 58. . 1970 . : " " " " " " 1971
1972 1967 ) . " " . 5 ) 24 1972 20. 59. . " ". 1973 . 1974 ) 6 ) .
1975 . " " . . 18-191977 : 60. . ) 7" " ( . ) . 8 ) . 1977" " .
1978" " 150 16 . " " " " 1978 17" 61. ) " 9 ). . 99 %17 1979 . "
1980 1981 " " " " 1981 . " " 6 . " " " " 1982 62. . 1989" " . 25
2011 : : : " " : : " " : : . 63. " " . " 6" 252011 28 11 " " .
------------------------------------------------------------- : ..
.. .. 31968.. 41968 .. 41972 .. .. 1975" " 17181977.. 64. "
19671981.. .." .. 1982" "
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. : .. 1924 " " .. . 1964 65. 1959 1964 " " " " " " " " " " " " " "
" " "...... " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "
66. 19701979 67. 68. . . 69. . . . 2003 .
