1. 1 [] [] , , , , 2 [ ] , [ ] [ ] [ ] 3 [] [1] , [2] [1] [2] . , [3] [4]

2. 1 [] 3 [] , , , , 5 2 [ ] 14 [ ] 24 [ ] 28 [ ] 32 [ ] 40 [ ] 44 [ ] Tayyab Mushtaq 50 3 [1] 54 [2] 10 71 [1] 90 [2] 113 [3] 122 [4] 130 3. 3 50 1964 50 . 50 , , , . , . 250 7 . 2,500 1,500 60% . . , , . 3, 5, 7 , . , , . . . , , , . 288 , 0.7% . , 4. 4 . . . . 19 , , , , . . , . 2, 400 , 200 . , , , . , . , , , , . 5. 5 , , 2004 17 40. . 10 2014 , 10 . . 1964 . , . . , . , . . . , . 6. 6 . . , . , . 2013 2 9 1 5 , 195 . , . . , . . , . 2012 . . . , . . 7 . , . . . . . , . . 7. 7 , . 50 , . 19 , . , . , . . . . . , . 8. 8 . . 50 , , . , . . . 2 . , . . 9. 9 , . 19 . 50 50 . , . . 7 1 . , . . , . . , / . , . . , . . 10. 10 11. 11 50 . OECD OECD 1/5 . . , . 50 . 50 10 . , . 12. 12 , . , , , . . . . , , , , , , . 13. 13 2 14. 14 ( 1 ) ( ) 2 [1] ! < > . GDP 2011 566, 146 6~7 , 2011 3 1 9,996 , 4 1 7,957 . 40 , , . 1. 1) - . - . 15. 15 2 D 4,000 3,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 K 10,000 5,000 5,000 3,000 3,000 1,000 . ( , ) , , , . ( ) 2) * - .( ) - 1 ( 10 ~ 30) 1 .( 5) - , . - . - . 3) - .( ) - , . 2. 1) - 1 4,000 ~ 6,000 16. 16 . - , , ( 1) - 2014 4 15 ( 2, 3) 2) - , , .( 4) - , . - , . - , . 3. - , () , , . - , . - < > , 40 250 . 17. 17 < > 1) 18. 18 2) (MBC 2014.4.14) [] " " .. . " " MBC . . . " " . " . ' ' , ( ) ." ' ' . 33 . 10 9 . , . "(,) . () . ." . 19. 19 / " ." 22 . MBC . 20. 20 3) 21. 21 22. 22 4) 23. 23 24. 24 [2] 1. ; , . 2. ; . 3. ; , ? ? VS 1. : 2A shift work -> , , , 11. 2014 5 . 12. 2014 35. 35 13. 2013 2 . 2013 - 3: 000 - 5: 11 . - 8 05: - 10 28: - - 11 01: ( .) - 11 13-15: - 11 18: - - 11 21: - 12 04: ) - 12 30 (; ) 2014 36. 36 - 1 28: - 2 14: 12 ( ) - 3 07: - 3 8-20: - 3 21: (; ) - 4 08: ( ) (; ) - 4 14: ( ) - 4 24: ( / ) ( : , , (X )) - 5 09: () , . ( ) - 5 13: , , (; ) - 5 : ( - ) - 6 20: - 7 4: ( ) 3 . 37. 37 1 00 78 1999 2013 35 2013.11.21 2 00 78 2004 2010 32 2013.11.21 3 00 78 2000 2011 33 2013.11.21 4 00 77 (12 ) 2000 2011 34 2014.04.14 5 00 83 2004 2011 28 6 00 64 1987 2006 42 2013.07.31. / - 3.8 2013.07.31. / - , " 12 " 2013.10.06. / - : MBC 2580 2013.10.14. / : () 2013.11.04. / KBS1 9 - 2013.11.20 / KBS1 - 2013.11.21 / KBS - 2013.11.21 / - " " 2013.11.22. / - , 2002 12 " " 2013.11.21. / - , , " 2013.11.22 / - 21 2013.11.22 / KBS 1 7 () - 2013.11.22. / KBS - 2014.04.14. / MBC - 2014.04.15. / - 4 . 38. 38 7 00 65 1989 2008 43 8 00 63 1986 2006 43 9 00 62 1984 2009 47 10 00 60 1980 2002 42 11 00 70 2004 2009 39 39. 39 40. 40 [5] tv , A , , , , . , , . , , A/S, , . 21 1 , . . , , , . , , . 41. 41 . 2012 6 1.5~1.6M , . . 1 20~30 . . . 7 . . MRI 3 9 5 . 1 2 3 . 2013 3 2013 3 2 . . 42. 42 . 2012 12 . 6 . 2013 3 . 4 2013 6 26 . . 2012 7 5 2012 . . . . . . . . . 2012 2013 43. 43 , . , , , . . . , . . . . . 44. 44 [6] . 20 . . 2014 3 18 12 55 A (57) . 2 5 27 . 1m70, 40 . 4 . 2013 5 B . . '()' . A . 45. 45 A 192, 230 83% , A A 214 . 192 , , . A (HACCP) . HACCP , . . , A . 2001 HACCP . , . . , . 650 ( 17kg10) (2033) , . . , , , , , . , , , . 46. 46 , . , , , . , , , , . , 3.2 , ( ) ( ) . . : , / : // // , ( ) . : , , . : . , , . : // . / . : , , 47. 47 //// / / , , , >, > >>()> , , . , , . 48. 48 . , , . , , , , . 49. 49 . , , . . . . . 50. 50 [7] , MUSHTAQ TAYYAB 2010 10 26 . ()E-9 . 2015 06 30 . 15 , 24 . 2014 01 14 . 300 350 . 2014 1 25 7 . 1 . . 3 . . . . . 2014 1 26 . 27 RT 3 . . MRI, X-RAY . , . . ? () . . . 51. 51 . . . . . . . . . (). ( ) . 2014 2 5 . 2.5cm. 2014 2 17 . MRI, X-RAY, . . . . ? ? ! . . , ! . . . . . . , . . . . () . , , 4 , , . . . . 52. 52 E-9 , . . . . ( 120-11()) . 2014 5 20 (:2002-8000) . . 2014 1 15 2015 7 30 . ! . , , , . . . , , . . 53. 53 3 54. 54 [1] 1. ( ) , . 1964 ( , 2010). 2010 1,608,361, 14,198,748 , (, 2011) OECD 2 ( , 2009). OECD 1/5 . (Roos etc., 1980). (2007) 2006 1,080,000 89,000 . (2010) 55. 55 1 21 . . . . . (2013) , 2014 2,866 , 6,093 . 2014 2018 5 16812 , 3 5746 . , . . . , . . , . . , 56. 56 . . . 2. ) , . . . . . , . . () 70% . , . , , . 57. 57 . () 80% . . . ) 5 , , . , , 1 . , 10% . , . . . . , , . , 58. 58 . . ) , . , , . . , , . , () , 3 , . . 1-2 , . 50% . , 6 1 . , , . , 59. 59 . . , . ) . . 50% . . . . . . , . 60. 60 . ) . , . , . . . . . . . , . , . . , . 61. 61 3. ) . , . , . , , . , . , . . , , , . , 62. 62 . , . , , , . ) . , . . () . , . , . . , . . 63. 63 , . 4. ) , , . , , . (, 2003). . , . , . . . , . 64. 64 . . . . . ) (1) . , , , . , , . , 100% . , , . , . , . , . . 65. 65 , . . , , . (2) , . . , . , . , . . , . . , . 66. 66 , . , , , , 1. . . , 30 ( ) . , . . 67. 67 (3) . , . , . , , . , . , . , . ? . . . . . 70% 70~100% , . , . . 68. 68 . . (4) , . . , . , , , . . . . , . . . , , , . . . . . 69. 69 . () . . . . , , , , 1:1 . (5) , . . , . . . 50% . . 70. 70 (), . , . , , , 2009, OECD , . , 2003, , , 14, 147-175. , 2010, , Roos NR, Heinrich H, Brown J, Petersen D, Hazlett S, 1980, Industrial accident prevention: a safety management approach, New York: McGraw-Hill. , , . 2013. , 39. 71. 71 [2] , 1. 1962 [] (8) , , (302) , . 1952 ILO 102 [ ] . [ ] [ ] 1963 11 5 , 1964 7 . . 50 OECD , , . , . 60%, 30% . , . , . . 50 , , , 72. 72 (A) (B) (B/A100) 2002 22,169 10,571 47.6 2003 22,139 10,599 47.8 2004 22,557 10,473 46.4 2005 22,169 10,571 47.7 2006 22,139 10,599 47.9 2007 22,557 10,473 46.4 2008 22,856 12,070 52.8 2009 23,151 11,689 50.5 2010 23,433 12,529 53.5 2011 23,577 13,490 57.2 . 50 . , . , . 2. 1) 60% - - 2,500 1,500 60% - [ 1] (: , %) : . 2012 73. 73 - , , 250 - , , - , , [ 2] / 5 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1 , () 2) (1) - 100 10%. 45% - 284, 170 - 8 (, , , , , ) . 9% . 50% . - 80% - (, , , , ) 74. 74 . - . 1 90 - 0.0003% - < > . , , (2) - (ILO) 2011, 2012 - 2007 , - 2013 - 2013 (3) - - , - - , , , , . - . . (3) 19 75. 75 [ 3] () 2012.07 (, ) () 2013.02.21 () 2013.03.26 , 1/2 () 2013.05.31 ( ) () 2013.08.23 . 1/2 - . - . - - 3) (1) - 2003 . . . - 2011 < >. 18% - 1977 . - 1998 . , 2011 - , - , 76. 76 - , , (2) [4] , , . , , , , , , . - , , , , , . , , - < > , , , , 7 - - 121 , (4) 77. 77 - 2013 12 - 2013 , , . 4) , - . - : - . - ILO - 2013 . 5) , - , . - - . 30 . () 2000 3,403 3,180 93.4% 1,102 647 58.7% 2001 3,824 3,560 93.1% 1,223 656 53.6% 2002 3,537 3,266 92.3% 1,203 682 56.7% 2003 4,199 3,793 90.3% 1,333 733 55.0% 2004 4,660 4,011 86.1% 1,354 615 45.4% 2005 5,014 4,408 87.9% 1,133 529 46.7% 2006 5,043 4,288 85.0% 932 352 37.8% 2007 5,247 4,413 84.1% 860 304 35.3% 2008 5,501 4,693 85.3% 870 289 33.2% 2009 5,620 4,825 85.9% 622 207 33.3% 2010 5,299 4,505 85.0% 618 169 27.3% 2011 5,652 4,866 86.1% 581 189 32.5% 2012. 6 2,621 2,292 87.4% 295 97 32.9% [5] 78. 78 3. 1) , (1) - , - . , , , , , , - . . , . - . (2) - , , - , , - , (3) - 20% . , (4) - , - 1 17%% 79. 79 . 4% . 10%, 21-27%, 100% . 4%- 20% - 2012 < > 2007 6 7 8.5% 5,691 - 30 - , (5) . - , - . - , 15 . - , . (6) - 2013 2) (1) - 1017 , 1925 - 1944 ILO - 1964 ILO 121 . ILO 3 2 - , , . , - 80. 80 (2) - - 7 , - (3) - - - 19 4. ! ! 1) - 2007 2006 108 89 - 2010 21 - - , . , . - , 2 3 - . - , . - , 81. 81 [6] - , , . 2) (1) - - , , . (2) - , , . - (3) , (4) , 82. 82 () - , , , (5) - 2012 - 18 80 . - 19 3) (1) 50% - 90% , . - - - - - - - - . - - . , , . . - 1,700 60-70 - . , , - 1 3-4 - 15 83. 83 - , - , - , . , - , , , , , - , , , - . () - . - 5. 1) - 3() - , , 2 1 2 , ( 7 , , 84. 84 , ) , ( 103 ) 2) - 2012 (17,026 ) 22.6% . 64.1%, 20.6% - 70.9% . 25.4%, 17%. 10.7%, 77.3% - 8.6%. 12.7%. 68% - 33.9%, 27.1%, 24% . - 69.9% 57.2%, 31.8% . 7.4% , , - 44,945,242 , 43,917,835, 41,413,735 . 7.4% , , . - 47.5% 38.7%, 34,5%, 33.6% . 7.7% , . - , . 11.8%, 16.4%. 85. 85 [7] () (: , %) 133,783,875 95.8 5,891,883 4.2 5,773,713 4.1 780,254,039 95.0 41,413,735 5.0 18,596,575 2.3 266,417,816 99.4 1,678,210 0.6 0 0.0 152,317,895 97.1 4,548,147 2.9 0 0.0 279,953,698 99.7 727,983 0.3 0 0.0 93,721,314 80.1 23,360,797 20.0 18,277,525 15.6 () 317,715,447 87.0 47,430,400 13.0 43,492,105 11.9 186,222,999 91.9 16,380,649 8.1 8,139,031 4.0 65,340,712 94.1 4,065,606 5.9 2,575,186 3.7 175,967,163 78.6 47,941,936 21.4 0 0.0 210,683,900 98.8 2,504,904 1.2 0 0.0 4,646,171 71.8 1,829,305 28.3 1,301,425 20.1 10,157,939 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 CT 52,608,390 93.3 3,781,323 6.7 3,756,163 6.7 MRI PET 36,322,424 78.3 10,094,661 21.8 2,649,991 5.7 3,086,004 30.1 7,152,430 69.9 0 0.0 7,191,900 91.0 711,000 9.0 0 0.0 5,020,709 68.2 2,345,700 31.8 0 0.0 80,810 42.8 108,189 57.2 0 0.0 () 1,046,980 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 9,679,831 86.3 1,538,326 13.7 0 0.0 2,792,220,015 92.6 223,505,18 4 7.4 104,561,714 3.5 3) (1) - . , , - . (2) 86. 86 1. - 60% - - - 600(2 ) 2. - - 3. - 2, 6 - -8 30 4. -2 70% -6 1,600 - 1 9,000 -1 ( 1-3 60/ 4-9 45) 5. -3 - 6. - 80% - 7. - 8. -: - - - - : . . - . * 7. , 1) - [8] / 87. 87 (CIE) - - 9. - - 2001 5 , 3 , - , - 90%, 92%, 82% (2010 ) - 50% , , . - , . - , 2) (1) (2) - 30 (3) - - - 88. 88 9. , 1) , - , - - . - - , , 2) 1 137 - 2012 1 1,37. - 20 3,461. 869, 858 - 2008 615, 2012 305 . - 2012 2014-2018 2 8,693 3) - 3% - 150 - , , , - 4) - - 89. 89 - , 10. 50 . . . . . . . , . . , . 90. 90 [1] 1. - 68.8% GDP() 58.2% - (, , ) - () , - () - * - 1983 UC (Hochschild, 1983) ( (The Managed Heart): ) ( ) . , , , 91. 91 , , , , , (, , ) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (10) - . 000 000. 2 - . 000 000. ? (20) - (emotional labour) . ? , . . 40% (Emotional Labor) . - (Krumel & Geddes, 2000), (Schaubroeck & Jones, 2000), (Grandey, 2003) , , * * * 92. 92 (60) - . ? - (20) - )-> (20) - . : . . . . . . . . ~!? : . . . . . : . (15) - . - . - . 30 . - . . - . - ? . - ? : 000. 000 - 00 93. 93 : H ? 8 20 3 ( Eye-contact ) 3 3 or 2 3 (* : . or ) 2 13 3 6 2 (: . . 10 ) 2 56 (: ? ? ?) 7 ( or ...?) 6 3 7 94. 94 7 3 5 5 5 6 2 11 or or 3 6 (: , ) / ( ) ( ) or () (70% ) 1 0 0 50 95. 95 000 000(000) 25 25 (30% ) 1 0 0 . . . . , 1 . 3 . . . . . . , . 2. * 1 1 (,28) * 2 (, 27) * 3 (35) 96. 96 , , , , , , , . . * 4 A (38) " . , ." * 5 (, 35) 10 . . . , . . . . . * 97. 97 ( 30% ) . , 3. 2013 : 2013 8 19~9 17( 1) : , . . : SAS () (1) . , , / , , (), 2,259 . 1 , , 90% . 10% 1~1 . (2) 20% . 3% . . . (3) 98. 98 (1) . 22.1 () . 17.5 . 15.1 . 12.1 . 10.7 ( , ) . 6.1 ( ) . 4.6 . 2.9 1.8 . 1.8 . 40% . . . , . . 30% 1 (16.4%) . 20~40 . 25% . . 99. 99 (1) . 1.6 . 1.2 . 1.0 . 0.8 . 0.7 100.0 (1) . 379 17.9 . 311 14.7 . 258 12.2 . 228 10.8 () . 197 9.3 ( , ) . 167 7.9 ( ) . 123 5.8 . 101 4.8 . 99 4.7 . 61 2.9 . 57 2.7 . 57 2.7 . 50 2.4 . 29 1.4 3 0.1 2,120 100.0 100. 100 (, ) , , (, ) , , : , , , , - - () () - , , - ( ) - ( ) - , - - ( TF, ) - - - - , 4. * * 101. 101 37( ) . , () . 37( ) -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- ---. 1. ( ) 1. ( ) 2. 2. ----------- .. ( ) .. ( ) < > . . ( ) . ( ) ( ) ( ) - - - - () , , , - (), , - - , , - * - : - : 2012 10 31 102. 102 < > 472( ) ( ) . ( ) . , ( ) . . , . - : - : 2013 5 24 103. 103 72() ( ) 72() ( ) 500 . --------------------------------------------------- ------------------------. 1. 5. ( ) 1. 5. ( ) < > 52. 4723 6.7. ( ) 6.7. ( ) 300 . --------------------------------------------------- ------------------------. 1. 9. ( ) 1. 9. ( ) < > 92. 4721 10. 13. ( ) 10. 13. ( ) ( ) ( ) 142( ) , 142( ) ----------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------- ( ) , - : - : 2013 5 24 104. 104 . --------------------------------------------------- ----------------. ( ) ( ) < > . 13 . 39() ( ) 39() ( ) 300 . ----------------------------------------------- ----------------------------. 1. ( ) 1. ( ) < > 12. 1423 2. 8. ( ) 2. 8. ( ) ( ) ( ) 142( ) , . 142( ) ----------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------. - : - : 2014 3 6 105. 105 ( ) ( ) < > 143( ) . 1. 141 2. 142 3. 1421 4. 1422 1 . 39() ( ) 39() ( ) 500 . ----------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------. 1. ( ) 1. ( ) < > 12. 1421 , 2. 7. ( ) 2. 7. ( ) ( ) ( ) 106. 106 24() . 24() ( ) 1. (fume) (mist) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1~6 ( ) < > 7. , 1 . ( ) , , . - : - : 2014 3 18 * (KOSHA GUIDE) 107. 107 3. (1) . () , , . () (KOSHA CODE,H-42-2006) , , , , , , , 8 . (2) , , . 4. (1) . (2) . (3) . (4) , . (5) . (6) . (7) , , , . 5. (1) , . (2) , * KOSHA GUIDE H-40-2011( ) 108. 108 . , , , , , , . (3) . 7. 7.1. (1) . (2) (KOSHA CODE, H-42-2006) . (3) , , . (4) . 7.2 (1) . () () () () () () () () () (2) . (3) . 7.3 (1) , , , , , , , , . (2) 109. 109 . (3) . (4) , . (5) , . 7.4 (1) . (2) . (3) . 7.5 (1) . (2) . 5. , , . 5.1 , . (1) . , . (2) . . (3) . , , . . () , * KOSHA GUIDE H-34-2011( ) 110. 110 . () , , , . . () . . () . . . , . , , . () . , , , . (4) () , , , . , , , . () , , , . () . . () , . () , , . () , , , , . () 111. 111 *(Emotional labor) , , . , , .() , . () , , . () , - . (5) , , , . , , . 5.2 (KOSHA GUIDE H-38-2011) (KOSHA GUIDE H-37-2011) . 5.3 (KOSHA GUIDE H-38-2011) . 4. (SK / 2013) 112. 112 . , , , . * / , , , , , , , , , , , 5. - ( ) - () - - * - : +++ 113. 113 2009 5 , 1) 5 99 99, 0. MSDS , MSDS . . . 2) 5 83, ( ) 24(28.9%) . , 71% ( ) . [2] 1. . 1) 43 , . , . . 114. 114 2009, 6 , , . , . . 1 . . 2011. 1. (2011~2020) , . , (43) (15%) . , . ( I), , ( II). . ( III). . . . , . 2) . , 115. 115 L , . . , , , , .( ) , ... () ... ... , .( ) . . , . . , . , . . 116. 116 . . . . . , , . 1) . . 1) . . . . . . . , . 2) ? . . .2) 1) ( , 2011. 3. ) 2) ( , 2011. 3. ) 117. 117 : L A . . : A . ) , . . (, , , ) . . . . ) . , , . , , . ? . . 3) ) L . . 118. 118 : A 90% . . : . A . A (A ) . , . ? A . ( ) A . . , . . , , . , . ? . . ) . 3) . 3) . 1 119. 119 2013 1, 5 , . 2000 , . , . . . , . , . , . . 4) , . . 2. . , . 120. 120 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . () (), , , (, ) 4). 4) 2008. 2. 15. 20056223 . . 121. 121 , 4 . . . 3. . ( ) ( ) , . . . . . . , . 122. 122 [3] - 1. 1) (2013 1~12 ) 1 161 ( 3 ) 2.575 15.9 120 7.5 - 2014 4 ( 1 10 ) - , 10 . - , 7 2) (2013 1~12 ) () () 179 248 156 583 253 63 316 59 30 988 18.1% 25.1% 15.8% 59.0% 25.6% 6.4% 32.0% 6.0% 3.0% 100% - ( 6 : 3 : 1) - , . - ( : , ) 123. 123 * , 3) - : 5 - : 5 * 15.9 5 , . * 2~4 4) - - , - , * , * , , . ( / / 3 ) - : , * - : , , ( ) - 1, : , (1~2 2~5) - : , 124. 124 813 1192 312 48 210 2,575 31.6% 46.3% 12.1% 1.9% 8.2% 100.0% - : , , - : , , 4 - , . - , . 5) (2013 1~12 ) 69 92 161 42.9% 57.1% 100% - (/) , . - , (, ) 2 . 5) - . - , . - - * , . , . 6) 125. 125 * 1] (2006.1.1-2008.6.30) (2008.7.1-2010.11.30) 9,955 6,174 62.0% 12,350 6,363 51.5% 5 1,353 772 57.1% 2,179 1,122 51.5% 5-49 3,341 1,900 56.9% 4,907 2,461 50.2% 50-299 1,983 1,158 58.4% 2,323 1,137 48.9% 300 3,278 2,344 71.5% 2,941 1,643 55.9% * 2] , ( , ) * 3] , ( , ) - 126. 126 * 2. 1) - , - - , - , , , 2) 127. 127 - ->> ->> - , ( ) 3) - , - , 50(30 ) - 1 , - , , , , 4) , - , - , ( ) 5) 15 - 15 5~7 , - 15 - 6) , 7) , - - , 8) - , - , 128. 128 - , () 24 . , ( , ) 9) , - 60 (, 3 ) , 60 ( , ) - 60 , , , , 60 60 60 . 10) 108( ) ()() (). 1. 2. 777 3. 4. 5. . 1 2 . 1 3 . - , 129. 129 - . 11) , - - , . 12) - , , - , 130. 130 [4]