URINE

BLOOD

USG

OLIGURIA

DARK COLOUR

INCREASED SPECIFIC GRAVITY

KETONE BODIES

ACIDIC pH

RAISED HEMATOCRIT

RAISED BLOOD UREA

ELECTROLYTES- ABNORMAL

LFT- ABNORMAL

TFT- GESTATIONAL THYROTOXICOSIS

TO CONFIRM LIVE INTRAUTERINE PREGNANCY

RULE OUT MOLAR PREGNANCY

RULE OUT MULTIPLE PREGNANCY

ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE LIVER DYSFUNCTION AND JAUNDICE ACUTE RENAL FAILURE STRESS ULCERS IN STOMACH MALLORY-WEISS TEARS IN OESOPHAGUS OESOPHAGEAL RUPTURE(BOERHAAVE

SYNDROME) PNEUMOTHORAX & PNEUMOMEDIASTENUM COMPLICATIONS OF VITAMIN DEFICIENCY DEPRESSION

WERNICKE’S ENCEPHALOPATHY

KORSAKOFF’S PSYCHOSIS

PERIPHERAL NEURITIS

BLEEDING DISORDERS

SUPPORTIVE TREATMENT

ANTIEMETICS

PYRIDOXINE

METHYLPREDNISOLONE

LIFESTYLE AND DIET CHANGES

ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES

IV CRYSTALLOIDS

ORAL FEEDING –withheld for 24 hours

slowly fluids , then low fat solids.

VITAMINS , IF PROLONGED

ANTIHISTAMINICS (doxylamine 10mg) WITH VITAMIN B6(10-30 mg)

METOCLOPROMIDE 10mg

PHENOMETHAZINES ( promethazine)

EFFECTIVE IN EARLY PREGNANCY

20mg TWICE DAILY

DIRECT EFFECT ON VOMITING CENTRES

GIVEN ONLY AFTER 8 WEEKS IN REFRACTORY CASES

SHORT COURSES BETTER

AVOID OFFENSIVE FOODS AND ODOURS

EAT SMALL FREQUENT MEALS

HIGH PROTEIN , LOW FAT , LOW CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT

AVOID IRON SUPPLIMENTS

REASSURANCE

PSYCHOTHERAPY

ACUPRESSURE

MEDICAL HYPNOSIS