Food safety systems for

livestock production:

From A to Z

Michael Ward | Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety

Food Security and Disease

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› access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life

› food security threatened by diseases

production

access

quality

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› animal diseases and food security

› production- and reproduction-limiting diseases

› e.g. internal parasites, brucellosis, tuberculosis

› transboundary diseases and food security

› food distribution networks and non-tariff trade barriers

› e.g. foot-and-mouth disease, BSE (mad cow disease)

› zoonoses and food security

› direct hazards to human health (± production-, trade-limiting)

Food Security and Animal Disease

Anthropozoonosis

• Maintenance cycle:

animal to animal

• Zoonotic cycle:

animal to human

Source: Supercourse – Epidemiology, the Internet and Global Health

What is a Zoonotic Disease

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www.cdc.gov/nczved/ dfbmd/disease_listing/stec_gi.html#3

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Hazard versus Risk

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August 30, 2011, San Diego CA. Ralph Collier of the Shark Research Committee estimated the shark to be a 10-12 ft long Great White. No surfer was touched by the shark and few seemed aware of it’s presence. http://surftherenow.com.

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http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/sharks/attacks/relarisklifetime.html

Heart disease …….. 1 in 5 Cancer …….. 1 in 7 Stroke …….. 1 in 24 Hospital infections ..….. 1 in 38 Flu …….. 1 in 63 Shark attack …….. 1 in 3,748,067

Hazard versus Risk

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http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/breakfast/the-risks-of-a-shark-attack/5253676

Hazard versus Risk

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The risk of being attacked by a Great White shark off a WA beach has climbed to one in a million. Read more: http://www.watoday.com.au/wa-news/risk-of-fatal-shark-attack-doubles-in-wa-20121126-2a3ip.html#ixzz2viS4Z1Er

Hazard versus Risk

“farm-to-fork”, “gate-to-plate”

→ opportunities for disease control:

- pre-harvest: ↓ pathogen load

- post-harvest (MOSS, HACCP, QC …): ↓ contamination

Control of food-borne diseases

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Food safety surveillance: FOODNET

› CDC / USDA jointly operated

› active surveillance - Campylobacter

- Salmonella

- Shigella

- Shiga Toxin-producing E coli

- Listeria

- Vibrio

- Yersinia

- Cryptosporidium

- Cyclospora

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Food safety surveillance: OZ foodnet

- Campylobacter

- Salmonella

- Typhoid

- Shigella

- Shiga Toxin-producing E coli

- Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome

- Listeria

- Hepatitis A

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http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfbmd/disease_listing/stec_gi.html#3

The burden of illness pyramid is a model for understanding food borne disease reporting.

Burden of illness pyramid

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› national baseline microbiological surveys of Australian red meat

- 1993-94, 1998, 2004

› chilled carcases, frozen boneless

- 75% and 78% of Australia’s beef and sheep throughput

› sample numbers proportional to processor’s volume

Monitoring of food-borne pathogens: an example

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Food safety risk assessment

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Zoonoses in the developing world

› US$20 billion direct, US$200 billion indirect costs on global economies during past decade World Bank: People, Pathogens and Our Planet. Washington: 2010

› zoonoses ↓ human health, ↓ income, ↓ status

› low and middle income countries ‒ high dependency on animals - food, transport, draft power …

- 500‒900 million poor raise livestock

- close contact with animals in poor rural areas, urban slums

› increased risk of food-borne diseases - poor food safety systems

- unhealthy livestock products that cannot be marketed e.g. anthrax

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Panic as anthrax kills two

news update

By Boniface Gikandi and Amos Kareithi Two people have died following an anthrax outbreak in Maragua and Samburu districts. A 73-year-old man died on Monday while undergoing treatment at Murang'a District Hospital while a seven-year-old boy died in Samburu district. The man, Kamau Kega, was among the first victims to test positive for the anthrax virus following an outbreak in Ichagaki location in Maragua.

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Increasing recognition of food-borne zoonoses

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developing developed country quantity quality low food safety high food safety expectations expectations

Food safety systems: From A to Z

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Food safety systems: From A to Z

access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life

Food safety versus Food security

Food safety and Food security

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Food safety systems for

livestock production: From A to Z

Michael Ward | Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety