Gender and the CIF: Strategic Approaches in Climate Mitigation and Adaptation

11/23/14

1

Gender, Innova,on, Adop,on, Business: Adapta,on, Investment Decision-‐making,

and Agriculture

Joyce Cacho Principal, Adinura Advisory, LLC

cacho.joyce@adinura-‐advisory.com

OUTLINE

A.   Accountability B.   Investment decision-‐making

C.   Priori,zing rural areas D.   Women in markets

E.   Conclusion

2/25

11/23/14

2


Data -‐ Climate Shocks

67

25

12 12 1 0

29

ANY SHOCK DROUGHT FLOOD ERRATIC RAINFALL

FIRE LANDSLIDE HAILSTORM

Percent of households that experienced shock in the last 5 years Source: IFPRI-‐AEMFI 2013

3/25


Data -‐ Coping Strategies

18

34

100

51

1 4

29

6 3 8 3 4 10

50 50

28

18 15

45

25

11 9

[VALUE] 77

10 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Sold livestock Borrowed from relaXves

HH head migrated to other rural area

Sought off-‐farm employment

Ate less Ate different foods Sold crops

Who implemented coping strategies? (percent)

Male family member Female family member Husband and wife Household

Source: IFPRI-‐AEMFI 2013

4/25

11/23/14

3


Data -‐ Percep,ons of Climate Change

7

8

9

10

10

12

13

17

18

26

42

50

62

63

LESS FREQUENT STORMS

MORE FREQUENT STORMS

LESS FREQUENT DROUGHT

RAINFALL INCREASING

LESS FREQUENT FLOODS

MORE FREQUENT FLOODING

MORE COLD DAYS

MORE FREQUENT DROUGHT

LONGER PERIODS OF DROUGHT

RAINS COME EARLIER

RAINS ARE MORE ERRATIC

MORE HOT DAYS

RAINS COME LATER

RAINFALL DECREASING

Perceived climate changes (percent)


5/25


5

24 25

19 22

6

38

20

14 14

NOT AT ALL INFORMED

NOT VERY INFORMED

AVERAGELY INFORMED

RELATIVELY WELL INFORMED

VERY WELL INFORMED

Household heads Spouses


How well informed are you about CC? 6/25

11/23/14

4


Data – Access to Informa,on Source: IFPRI-‐AEMFI 2013

40

59

85

86

71

76

62

14

28

44

73

81

62

72

57

8

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Forecast of extreme events (e.g. drought and flood)

Forecast for the start of the rains (seasonal forecasts)

InformaXon on climate change

InformaXon on crop producXon

InformaXon on livestock producXon

InformaXon on tree management and agroforestry

InformaXon on markeXng

InformaXon on processing and adding value

Spouses Household heads

7/25


Data – Use of Informa,on Source: IFPRI-‐AEMFI 2013

78

90

82

90

76

80

72

56

82

93

81

92

78

91

75

65

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Forecast of extreme events (e.g. drought and flood)

Forecast for the start of the rains (seasonal forecasts)

Informa,on on climate change

Informa,on on crop produc,on and management

Informa,on on livestock produc,on and management

Informa,on on tree management and agroforestry

Informa,on on marke,ng of crop/livestock

Informa,on on processing and adding value added


8/25

11/23/14

5


Data – Reasons for Not Adap,ng (%)

53

20

20

2

2

1

1

68

3

10

3

2

0

2

Don’t know what to do

Not enough money

Not enough labor

Don’t see the need

Resources not available

Inputs not available

Think that the pracXce might not work



9/25


Data – Adapta,on Strategies Adopted (%)

4

5

7

7

8

11

12

12

16

53

63

5

4

4

8

2

7

8

7

15

50

73

DECREASE AMOUNT OF LAND UNDER PRODUCTION

USE MORE WATER FOR IRRIGATION

SUPPLEMENT LIVESTOCK FEEDS

CHANGE PLANTING DATES

SEEK OFF FARM EMPLOYMENT

CHANGE FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS

CHANGE CROP TYPE

INCREASE FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS

CHANGE CROP VARIETY

IMPLEMENT SWC

PLANT TREES



10/25

11/23/14

6


Planned Adapta,on Strategies (%)

4

4

4

6

6

8

9

9

10

15

17

17

17

28

35

36

1

5

7

7

4

5

12

12

12

15

21

15

13

15

50

39

BUILD A WATER HARVESTING SCHEME

CHANGE PLANTING DATES

CHANGE FROM LIVESTOCK TO CROP PRODUCTION



CHANGE CROP TYPE

MIX CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION

INCREASE AMOUNT OF LAND UNDER PRODUCTION

PLANT INDIGENOUS CROPS

INCREASE THE NUMBER OF LIVESTOCK

CHANGE CROP VARIETY



PLANT TREES

INCREASE PLANTING OF TREES

IMPLEMENT SWC



11/25


Desired Adapta,on Strategies (%)

3

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

12

12

16

22

26

6

11

2

9

2

19

0

9

11

19

17

36

11


CHANGE CROP TYPE


CHANGE ANIMAL BREEDS

CHANGE CROP VARIETY

PLANT TREES

BUILD A WATER HARVESTING SCHEME

IMPLEMENT SWC

INCREASE PLANTING OF TREES


INCREASE AMOUNT OF LAND UNDER PRODUCTION

INCREASE THE NUMBER OF LIVESTOCK



12/25


11/23/14

7


OUTLINE

A.  Accountability B.  Investment decision-‐making

C.  PrioriXzing rural areas D.  Women in markets

E.  Conclusion

13/25


Respec,ng what is inspected

•  IntenXon in Climate Change responses •  Monitoring & EvaluaXon

•  Project planning •  Engaging all stakeholders •  Same for private and public sectors

•  Improved opportunity for synergy from coordinaXon

14/25

11/23/14

8


OUTLINE



E.  Conclusion

15/25


Farmers, Industry, Financiers and Government

•  Risk management strategies linked to market “fences”

•  Seeking a return on investment (ROI) that covers current costs and build assets to conXnue growing the business

•  The bener and more Xmely the informaXon…the sharper the decision-‐making

16/25

11/23/14

9


OUTLINE



E.  Conclusion

17/25


Climate Change, Rural areas, Women

•  Rural areas in emerging market, fronXer, and developing economies are dominated by smallholder farmers – mostly women, with youth supplemenXng labor needs at planXng and harvesXng Xmes

•  Historically men in these regions –  are the first to migrate to urban and peri-‐urban areas

–  valued as income earners (typically generated from employment in service industry, extracXve industry, or large scale farming of cash crops)

18/25

11/23/14

10


Climate Change, Rural areas, Women

•  Knowledge of women, smallholder farmers –  Include farming pracXces and systems that have been handed down through generaXons that can be the cornerstone of Climate Change adaptaXon innovaXon

– Underscores reasoning to focus on strengthening rural economies because we are relying heavily on this group of ciXzens to be stewards of water systems, soil quality, vegetaXon for carbon sequestraXon

–  Consistent supply source for increasing food demand -‐-‐ globally

19/25


OUTLINE



E.  Conclusion

20/25

11/23/14

11


Inclusive markets and Climate Change

•  Means making it less costly for informal market parXcipants to join formal markets

•  Requires moving to building on groups + finance, such as Rural Savings and Credit CooperaXve OrganizaXons (RuSACCOs)

•  Trade facilitaXon that acknowledges low volume, seasonal, high volume border trade

•  Capacity building of leadership by women in finance, industry, parliament, judiciary, head of state

•  Focus on applied sciences, entrepreneurship from innovaXon as anchors of quality educaXon

21/25


OUTLINE



E.  Conclusion

22/25

11/23/14

12


Collabora,on, Coordina,on, Governance

1.  Pressing levers simultaneously, in several markets – local knowledge, innovaXon, credit, weather and extension services informaXon, trade – targeXng women, is pivotal to transformaXve, adaptaXve responses to Climate Change.

2.  Data collecXon – disaggregated by gender, supporXng invesXng that strengthens rural economies is a criXcal step in addressing gender in Climate Change invesXng.

23/25


Collabora,on, Coordina,on, Governance

3.  PrioriXzing Integrated ReporXng (combined financial and sustainability reporXng) is an essenXal building block in going beyond the quanXty of investment….to valuing how investments support dampening the impact of Climate Change by rewarding a longer-‐term focus and valuing communiXes.

24/25

11/23/14

13

Thank you! አመሰግናለሁ

merci o ṣeun

ngiyabonga

asante

obrigado

شكرا

na gode ¡gracias!

na-‐ekele unu

mahadsanid

Natotela

Zikomo Jai-‐rruh-‐jef

oh-‐yeh-‐rah-‐don

may-‐dah-‐say

naa goodee

kea leboha

dankie tangi

eio Okuhepa

Murakoze

on jaaraama

Enkosi

N'itumezi

ndatenda

Siyabonga

kea leboga

oh-‐yeh-‐rah-‐don

Joyce Cacho | Principal, Adinura Advisory, LLC [email protected]

ধন#বাদ

sağ olun

Рахмет!

Investor Relations

Gender and the CIF: Strategic Approaches in Climate Mitigation and Adaptation