Ph

C¥y-bpsS BZysØ ][m

s\lvdp. ]fin‰v Ph

Ae-l-_m-Zn¬ P\n

k-ambn ktΩ-fn-®n

cp∂p Phldns‚ P

\nba hnZ-Kv[-\p-amb tamØn

kzcq]v dmWn-bp-sSbpw aq∂v k¥m

\mbn 1889 ¬ ]nd

hnP-b-e£van ]fin

ktlm-Z-cn-am-cp-- m-bn. Imivao

Z¬ln-bn-te°v ]dn

C≥kvs]-IvS-dm-bn-cp∂p At±

]n∂oSv Ae-lm-_m

s\lvdp-hmWv AhnsS NcnX ]kn

ÿm]n®v Hcp ]pXnb Pohn

A—s‚ hm’-eym-arXw Xs‚ s]mt∂m

Ph-l¿em¬ s\lvdp

bpsS BZysØ ][m-\-a-¥n-bmWv Ph-l¿em¬

lvdp. ]fin‰v Ph-l¿em¬ s\lvdp 1889 \hw-_¿ 14

\n-®p. kºØpw ku`m-Ky-ßfpw ka

®n-cp∂ Hcp IpSpw-_m-¥-co-£-Øn-em

cp∂p Phldns‚ P\-\w. kzmX-¥y-k-ac tk\m-\n

amb tamØn-em¬ s\lvdp-hn-s‚bpw

sSbpw aq∂v k¥m-e-ß-fn¬ aqØ ]pX

mbn 1889 ¬ ]nd-hn-sb-SpØ B _me\v ]n¬°m-eØv

e£van ]fin-‰v, IrjvW l¿Øo-knMv F∂o

bn. Imivao-cnse aqe-Ip-Spw-_sØ

te°v ]dn-®p-\-´Xv apØ-—-\mb KwKm

cp∂p At±-lw. BZyw BK-bnepw

_m-Zn-te°pw amdn-Xm-a-kn-®p. tamØn-em¬

hmWv AhnsS NcnX ]kn-≤-amb B\-µ- -h

ÿm]n®v Hcp ]pXnb Pohn-X-Øn\v ASn-ÿm-\-an

arXw Xs‚ s]mt∂m-a-\-]p-X\v ]I¿∂p

l¿em¬

_¿ 14 \v

ßfpw ka-RvP-

em-bn-

n-bpw,

s‚bpw

fn¬ aqØ ]pX-

eØv

knMv F∂o

_sØ

mb KwKm-[¿

bnepw

em¬

h\w

an- -Xv.

v ]I¿∂p-

sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ At±lw H´pw ]nip°p ImWn-®n-√.

kvt\lm-Z-c-]q¿∆-amb Hcp at\m-`m-h-amWv Ph-l-dn\v Xs‚

]nXm-hn-t\m-Sp-- m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ]e-Im-cy-ß-fnepw A—≥ aI\v

amXrIm ]pcp-j-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ]n¬°m-eØv s\lvdp-hn¬

I- -Øm≥ Ign™ F√m kZvKp-W-k-º-cp-sSbpw Dd-hnSw

At±-l-Øns‚ ]nXm-hp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. s\lvdp-hs‚

]mY-anI hnZym-`ymkw bqtdm-]y≥ A[ym-]-I-cpsS Iogn¬

ho´n¬ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 1905 ¬ D∂X hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-

\mbn s\lvdp e- -\n-te°v I∏¬ Ib-dn. e- -\n¬ FØn

tImwºn-UvPnse Sn\n‰n tImtf-Pn¬ Fw.F _ncp-Zhpw

e- -\nse C∂¿ sSºn¬ \n∂v _mcn-Ã≥ _ncp-Zhpw t\Sn.

C¥y-bn-seØn Ae-l-_mZv sslt°m-S-Xn-bn¬ ]mIvSokv

Bcw-`n-®p. CØm-eØv tIm¨Kkv ]m¿´n-bn¬ tNcp-Ibpw

alm-flm-Km-‘n-tbm-sSm∏w A£oWw ]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. \n -l-c-W-]-ÿm\-Øn¬ kPo-h-ambn ]s¶-Sp-

Øp. 1923 ¬ tIm¨K-kns‚ P\-d¬ skI-´dn-bm-bn.

A©p-X-hW C¥y≥ \mjvW¬ tIm¨K-kns‚ A[y-£-

\m-bn. 1947 ¬ C¥y kzX-¥-bm-b-t∏mƒ C¥y-bpsS BZy

][m-\-a-¥n-bmbn s\lvdp Ah-tcm-[n-°-s∏- p. \h-`m-cX

inev]n-bmb Ph-l¿em¬ s\lvdp 1964 ¬ A¥-cn-®p.