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RV Epidemiology and epitope characterization of RVA strains
from Canada
Douglas Marthaler, PhDAssistant Professor
University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory
Nitipong Homwong, Andres Diaz, Omer Nasser, Stephanie Rossow, and Max Ciarlet
Leman ConferenceSeptember 19th, 2016St. Paul, Minnesota
Rotavirus (RV)
Settembre et. al, 2011
• Family – Reoviridae– dsRNA virus– 11 segments– Eight species (RVA-RVH)
• Transmission– Fecal-oral– Fomites
• Nomenclature- GxP[x]– VP7 (G) = Glycoprotein– VP4 (P) = Protease-sensitive– VP6 (I) = Inner capsid– NSP4 (E) = Enterotoxin
RVHRVGRVFRVERVD
RVCRVBRVA
RVA-RVH
Objective was to investigate associations among age, RV group, and regions within the US
Percentages of RV infections differ by state
Percentages of RV co-infections differ by state
Prevalence over time
Mixed-effects regression models
• RV status was more similar within states than between states or within regions
• RV detection was similar within-regions than between regions• Swine densities • Swine production systems and• Swine management practices (all-in all-out vs. continuous
flow• Weather – wind, humidity, and temperature
RV immunity and epitope characterization
Franco et al. 2006
VP7 (G)VP4 (P)-cleaved into VP8* & VP5*
Porcine RV prevention
• Prevention– Swine rotavirus A vaccine - Prosystem
RCE
– Feedback
– Subunit vaccines
Neutralizing epitopes
P[7] vs OSU & A2
P[13] vs OSU & A2P[13] vs Gottfried
More research is needed
• Sequencing allows us to investigate genetic diversity and predict differences in the neutralizing epitopes.
• Vaccine rates for RVA are unknown.
• We lack immunological assay to understand RV immunity.– Is the traditional G and P cross protective
immunity still accurate?
• What about rotavirus C? – Different pathogen, different neutralizing
epitopes, and could stimulate the immune system differently
Acknowledgements
• It takes a team – Nitipong Homwong– Omer Sheikh– Andres Diaz– Matt Jarvis– Todd Knutson– Max Ciarlet– Stephanie Rossow
• Funding Sources– Ministry of Science and
Technology of the Royal Thai Government
– Higher Education Commission of Pakistan
– Marthaler’s Start up funds
Swine veterinarians for submitting the enteric samples and for requesting the RVA sequencing. THANK YOU!
Meet the research team and learn more about other research projects
Marthalerlab.org