Marenče - Meteorološke katastrofe u slovenačkim šumama - Kako pristupiti obnovi u našim specifičnim uslovima

2. MEĐUNARODNO SAVETOVANJEŠUMSKO INŽENJERSTVO JUGOISTOČNE EVROPE - STANJE I

IZAZOVI28-30. oktobar 2015, Goč, Srbija

Meteorological disasters in Slovenian forests - How to approach the restoration in

our specific conditionsJurij Marenče



Key words: • meteorological disaster, • ice storm, • restoration, • private forest, • small forest land, • quality of wood, • accidents, • technology.



A numerous climate changes, meteorological events. Disturbances in forests are not something new!

The intensity, the frequency - visibly increasing. Damaged trees and forest floor - increasing. What to expect in the future? A strong likelihood of an increased number of meteorological disasters…!?

The ice storm in 2014 - affected the highest number of Slovenian forests so far. The largest in terms of scope, the quantity of damaged trees.



Natural disasters - structure of logging in forests?

Two periods: • 1995-1999 period, 2 million m3 , snow and ice storm

damage. • Year 2003.• Year 2008, heavy windthrow, 500,000 m3 of felled trees.



Shares of logging - different by forest management areas (regular logging, biotic and abiotic factors, fires).

We cannot change weather!Stand conditions??? Natural structure of tree species, vertical and horizontal structure of forest stands,only reduce, not prevent .



The 2014 ice storm and restoration

• The heaviest storm ice in the history (30.1.–10.2.2014).• Contribution of snow, heavy rain a few day before.• The most intensive 1.–2.2.2014, glaze ice until 5.2.2014. • In the area of Pivka - up to 8 cm.• Up to 500 m, above 1200 m forest remained unaffected.



Estimation two months after the disaster (ZGS):• 9.3 million m3 (one third coniferous trees). • The highest amount of damaged wood mass:

• Ljubljana (2.4 million m3), • Postojna (2.1 million m3), • Tolmin (1.8 million m3),• Kranj 1.0 million m3).

It represents more than a two-year annual cut quantity in all Slovenian forests!?

Spruce and beech trees - the most affected trees

species.



Ownership structure of the affected forests

• Affected forests:• private forests 515,400 ha, state forests - 83,000 ha.• 7.86 million m3 (84%) in private forests, • 1.46 million m3 (16%) in state forests. • Quick restoration???

• Plus: • fragmented forest

land, • poor equipment,• qualification of the

majority of forest owners to work in forest.



The urgency of salvage logging compared to the 10-year annual cut. Areas with a private ownership structure are mainly overlapping with those heavily affected by this ice storm.



From review of the current restoration progress, October 2015.

• Refers to the February 2014 – October 2015.• Estimation: 9.3 million m3 damaged tree. • Almost 4.0 million m3 of wood (43%) restorated. • The share of coniferous tree 67%, deciduous

trees 31%.• One part of damaged mass will stay in forest:

approximately 25% of such trees, in difficult terrain with heavy

skidding conditions, skidding costs higher than

the income, where forest owners are not interested in or

qualified to work in so demanding conditions.



Safe restoration after the disaster?Most of the damaged wood is in the private ownership!?

Constantly activities in the field of education on the safe work in forest!!! Realized by Slovenian Forest Servis.

Majority of accidents occur during logging operations!



Number of fatal accidents by years

From review of the restoration progress - May 2015:• Jan-May 2015: 5 fatal accidents, private forest owners.• These year's fatal accidents are also limited mainly to the

areas of restoration of glaze ice damages. • 3 accidents - felling, 2- skidding operations (14???)



The data of accidents, particular during felling operations, indicate the need and necessity to search for technological solutions in the field of timber harvesting.The ownership structure also forces us to find different, better and also safer solutions.

Application of modern technologies in the private and fragmented forest land?

Cooperation between forest owners?Selected criteria - 54,460 ha of private forests were determined.Data related to the whole country!Many of them in central and west part of the country.



In 2014, Slovenia avoided large-scale damages in forests caused by bark beetles also due to cold and humid weather.But this year???



The reforestation - in approximately 900 ha of forest area, i.e. 6% of all areas that will have to be restored in Slovenia after the ice storm.



Hvala lepa za pozornost.

sl.wikipedia.org

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Marenče - Meteorološke katastrofe u slovenačkim šumama - Kako pristupiti obnovi u našim specifičnim uslovima