AssignmentTopic: Mushroom Cultivation.

Submitted to : Prof Zafar IqbalSubmitted by: M Nadeem AkramRoll No: 21Class : B.S Botany 5th (Reg)

Department Of Botany University Of Sargodha

Introduction

•Mushroom is a fleshy fungi.•It’s a small umbrella like structure•It has two parts A cap like structure is known as PILEUS attached with thread like structure is known as MYCELLIA•Mycelia absorb nutrient from soil , it do not require sun light for their growth.

Structure

Example of Edible Mushroom

Agaricus bisporusAgaricus bitorquisLentinus edodesTremella fusiformisFlammulina velutips

Raw Material for Mushroom Cultivation

Animal Excreta Animal manure Horse manure Vegetables waste Forest litters Straw from wheat /rice Wheat bran

Cultivation method

1. Garden and field cultivation

2. Cave Cultivation

3. Indoor Cultivation

1. Garden & field cultivation

Small ridges made in gardens and fields Soil inoculated with spawn is covered with leaf litter to prevent moisture. The ridges should be periodically watered mushroom appear can be picked.

2. Cave cultivation:

Small tunnels are made in rocky areas and mushroom forms can be established. Abandoned mines can be used to develop mushroom farms.

3. Indoor Cultivation

Mushroom are grow in small rooms of the house. These rooms may be constructed in such a way that they will be partially above ground and partially below ground. In some cases arrangement may be made to maintain accurate temperature and moisture. Inside this room mushroom may be cultivated either a small beds. The room should be properly ventilated but sunlight should not fall directly on the mushroom beds. The room should also have air-conditioning facility. E.g : Techniques for cultivation of white button mushroom.

Production of white-button mushroom

There are 4 stages of mushroom cultivation

1. Composting

2. Spawning

3. Casting 4.Croping

( Agaricus bisporus)

1. Composting

There are 2 methods of composting.(a) Long Method:

1 meter height heaps are prepared. Interval of 2-3 days, heap material is mixed with wooden board. Gypsum is added in between 14-18 day.At last dark brown mixture is produced.

(b) Short Method: Pasteurization is done by fumigation.Streaming is done at 52-54*c for 2-4 days & rise to 62*c for 4 hours.Rest of process is almost same.

Require 21-28 days

Require 12-15 days

2. Spawning:

In a tray, layer of compost are prepared.

Upon it a layers of spawn is prepared.

News paper is spreaded over it.

Water is sprinkled to maintain humidity 90-95%.

Temperature maintained 20-25*c.

Mycelial growth takes about 15-20 days.

Stage called “Spawn Run” stage.

3. Casting:

After 15-20 days paper is removed.

Mycelial growth covered with 2-5 cm casting material(mostly peat).

CaCO3 maintain pH 4-5.

Temperature is maintain 15-20* c.

Humidity about 85-90%.

4.Croping:

Fruiting body will start to appear after 12-16 days & will continue for 3-4 month.After 2-3 days of 1st cropping another fruiting body will start to appear.

Applications of mushroom

Used in bio-degradation. Used as a food. Bio-transformation. Medicinal value Anti HIV , Anti-HBV viruses EnzymesControlling diabetes & blood pressure. Reducing sugars.

Mushroom Cultivation