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TREASURETREASURE
Fiberbank Workshop, SGU, October 6-7 2016, [email protected]
An August morning, near Kramfors in Ångermanälven (Photo taken by I. Snowball, 2015)
vad har vi lärt oss?
TREASURE (2015TREASURE (2015--2017)2017)Sanering av starkt förorenade sediment längs norra Östersjökusten förhållbar utveckling och levande kust och skärgård*
6 komponenter
TREASURE är ett pågående projekt finansierat av forskningsrådet Formas inom initiativet
TUFFO*, som är en samverkan med Statens Geotekniska Institut (SGI) och Naturvårdsverket.
1. Koordination2. Fältarbete3. Geoteknisk4. Kemisk/biologisk5. Riskbedömning6. Utvärdering av
sanering
*Teknikutveckling & Forskning inom Förorenade Områden
TREASURE’s study sites
“Väja”
2015
”Sandviken”
1928
2015
”Sandviken”
TREASURE’s study sites
”Väja”
”Kramfors” (not studied in detail)
Images by Jim Hedfors, SGI, based on SGU data.
TREASURE methodsTREASURE methods
Geotechnical
FF-CPTu (free-fall dynamic cone penetrator)
Unique to MARUM. Measures geotechnical properties in site, rapidly. Identification of layers in situ.
Combined with hydro-acoustic surveys and groundtruthing obtained from cores of sediment to estimatevolumes of ”fiberbanks”.
Hydro-acoustic, FF-CPTu and coring methods
Practical limitations
SGU Corer (6 m)MARUM
FF-CPTu
Core &
CPTu data
Sub-seafloor
hydro-acoustic signalBad Good
Bad
Good
Geotechnical result:
SomeSome resultsresults….….
The The modelmodel is is wrongwrong, , butbut modelsmodels areare not not realityreality
Slope failure can occur under this fiberbank. It has happenedbefore.
’model’
Is Is FluMuFluMu the future for inthe future for in--situ work?situ work?
FluMu….. A device specifically for soft, ”fluid” sediments:
Planned trials in 2017
FluMu (short for Fluid Mud FluMu (short for Fluid Mud
penetrometer) is a lightweight
probe with a very sensitive tip
designed to identify subtle
changes in strength and density
at the interface between
sediment and water.
Rapidly deployed, even from
small boats.A. Kopf, MARUM
50 cm
Benthic lander +
benthic flux chambers
Passive
samplers in
water
Ocean Surveyor (SGU)
FLUXES OF METALS
Benthic lander
(Gothenburg University: M.
Kononets, P. Hall)
FLUXES OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
Benthic flux chambers (NGI)
+ passive samplers in the water column
Benthic lander +
benthic flux chambersResults under scrutiny
Realtime observations help…
Idea: bacteria are naturally detoxifying the fiberbanks
(Catherine Paul, Lund University)
We know there are genes that allow bacteria to transform chemicals found in the fiber banks
We look to see if these bacteria are in the fiberbank
The fiberbanks are rich in bacteria*
We find nahAC – a gene from bacteria that can detoxify napthlene (mothballs)
It is only present in the fiberbanks and fiber rich sediments, not the other bacteria are in the fiberbank
sediments and surroundings
We search specifically for those genes to see the potential for natural remediation...
...like police when they look for the DNA at a crime scene.
fiber rich sediments, not the other surroundings
*hence the production of ”gas”
(what do these gases contain?)
TREASURETREASURESanering av starkt förorenade sediment längs norra Östersjökusten förhållbar utveckling och levande kust och skärgård
Large volumes
Q (Sandviken): 250 000 m3 fiberbankarea 48 000 m2
R (Väja): 200 000 m3 fiberbankarea 94 000 m2
Fiberbank = source. Does not include fiber-rich sediments.
The latter cover much larger areas, including the areas where benthic fauna live.
Oskarshamn: 500 000 m3 to be dredged*500 million SEK*
Removal cost: a comparison
Q & R: 450 000 m3 fiberbankTREASURE 383 million SEK** (Norwegian rule of thumb)
* Hav & Vatten, 3, 2015.
** Based on SGI / SAO, 2016 in preparation (Appendix B)
“Dredge and Disposal” cost of 850 SEK / m3
Just 2 of 26 identifiedfiberbanks in
Västernorrland
TREASURETREASURESanering av starkt förorenade sediment längs norra Östersjökusten förhållbar utveckling och levande kust och skärgård
What have we learnt so far?
1. Due to their low density, high organic and gas content,
anthropogenic ”fiberbanks” are atypical and challenging
to physically characterize.
Always put the camera downbefore doing anything else!
to physically characterize.
2. Sites studied are biochemically very active: the
microbial induced production of gas (~methane,
hydrogen sulphide) is ”enormous”. E.g. Väja’s fiberbank
is internally dynamic because gas movement re-
suspends contaminated fibers and moves pore-waters.
3. Fauna living in nearby fiber-rich sediments are
bioaccumulating the persistant organic pollutants
(POPs), including the ”legacy” banned substances.
TREASURE progress
TREASURETREASURESanering av starkt förorenade sediment längs norra Östersjökusten förhållbar utveckling och levande kust och skärgård
2016+
2017 +++
TREASURETREASURESanering av starkt förorenade sediment längs norra Östersjökusten förhållbar utveckling och levande kust och skärgård
I. Snowball (UU), H. Löfröth (SGI), L. Zillén (SGU), S. Josefsson (SGU),G. Göransson (SGI), P. Frogner-Kockum (SGI), A. Svensson (SGU),
M. Holmen (SGI), M. O’Regan (SU), K. Wiberg, SLU), A. Apler (SGU/UU).Missing: C. Paul (LU), A. Kopf MARUM).