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TRAUMATIC CASE ORTHOPEDIC BY UNGSUMA DUSUTKUL MEDICAL STUDENT

Traumatic case in orthopedic

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Page 1: Traumatic case in orthopedic

TRAUMATIC CASEORTHOPEDIC

BY UNGSUMA DUSUTKUL MEDICAL STUDENT

Page 2: Traumatic case in orthopedic

Patient profile- ผปวยหญงไทย อาย 16 ป- ภมลำาเนา จงหวดนครราชสมา- อาชพ นกเรยน

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Chief complaint

-แขนซายผดรป 5 ชม. PTA

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Present illness

5 ชม. PTA ขณะทผปวยไดนงซอนทาย MC ไดสวนทางกบรถปคอพ และโดนรถปคอพเฉยวชน

ทำาใหผปวยลมจากรถ MC เอาดานซายของตวเอง กระแทกกบพนถนน ผปวยสามารถจำาเหตการณได

เลอนราง ไมหมดสต ไมมศรษะกระแทกพน ไมมนงงไมปวดศรษะ

หลงจากกระแทกลงพน ผปวยมแขนซายผด รป ขยบขอมอไดเลกนอย และปวดมาก ไมสามารถ

ขยบขอมอไปมาได

Page 5: Traumatic case in orthopedic

Past history

No underlying diseaseNo history of surgeryNo history of accidentNo current medication

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Personal history

No history alcohol drinking and smokingNo herbal medicationNo drug and food allergy

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Primary surway

A: spontaneous breathingB: Normal breath sound, trachea at midlineC: BP 100/62 mmHg PR 94 /min Capillary refill < 2 secondD: E4V5M6, pupil 3 mm RTLBEE:- Left arm deformities(volar), tenderness, swelling at left wrist - ecchymosis - No active bleeding

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Physical examination

GA: A young Thai female, good conscious, crying Vital sign: BP 100/62 mmHg PR 94 /min RR 18/min BT 36.3 ⁰C HEENT : not pale conjunctivae, anicteric sclerae CVS : normal s1s2, no murmur Lung: clear both lungs, no adventitious sound Abdomen: solf, not tender, normoactive bowel

sound

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Physical Examination

Extremities (Affected part) Left wrist -Deformity (volar displacement&dorsal angulation)

–marked tenderness, swelling -limit ROM due to pain

-Capillary refill < 2 sec-Sensation intact-No external wound-No active bleeding

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Radiographic finding

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Diagnosis

Distal end radius fracture volar displacement & dorsal angulation ( Smith ‘s fracture )

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At ER

-Closed reduction-on U-slab at left forearm

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Radiographic finding

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Smith’s Fracture

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Smith’s Fracture Etiology Smith’s Fracture is a distal radius fracture

with forward displacement of the distal fragment. Considered a reverse Colle’s fracture

Caused by falling backwards which causes forced pronation on the wrist.

Most commonly age 60-70 and young male.

Smith fractures account for less than 3% of all fractures of the radius and ulna

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MechanismUsually fractures occur in one of two ways:- A fall onto a flexed wrist- Direct blow to the back of the wrist

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Clinical Evaluation

Pain and swelling in wrist generally after a fall backwards onto the outstretched hand. Often gross deformity in wrist.

Document neurovascular exam Evaluated for carpal tunnel syndrome

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X-Ray Finding Fractures of the distal radius with

associated palmar angulation of the distal fracture fragment. Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as a reverse Colles fracture.

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Radiographic features

The fracture can be split into three types-Type I extra-articular transverse fracture through the distal radius most common: -85%-Type II Intra-articular oblique fracture equivalent to a reverse Barton fracture ~13%-Type III juxta-articular oblique fracture uncommon: <2%

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Page 23: Traumatic case in orthopedic

Smith’s Fracture Associated injury

*Scapholunate ligament tear: 21.5% with intraarticular fracture6.7% with extraarticular fracture

*Median nerve injury*Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex injury (TFCC) up to 50% when ulnar styloid fx present*Carpal ligament injury*Tendon injury, attritional EPL rupture*Compartment syndrome*Ulnar styloid fracture*Distal radial ulnar joint (DRUJ) instability

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TreatmentDistal radius fracture Acceptable Reduction<2 mm articular stepoff<5 mm shortening<10⁰ dorsal tilt

Surgical indicationRadial shortening > 3mm, dorsal tilt>10Intra-articular displacement or step-off>2 mm. (AAOS Clinical PracticeGuideline,2011)

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Treatment

ดง traction ในทา supination และดนdistal fragment จากดาน volar ไปดานdorsal ขอสำาคญคอ ตองใสเฝอก long arm cast ใหขอศอกงอ 90⁰ supination และdorsiflex

สวนใหญในปจจบนนยมผาตดดาน volar และใส volar buttress plate ปองกนไมให

distal fragment เคลอนหลด ซงไดผลการรกษาดกวาการใสเฝอก

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Acceptable Treatment

Radial height ~ 12 mm. (Normal 7-16 mm.)

Volar tilt ~ 11◦ (Normal 0-28◦ ) Radial inclination ~22◦ (Normal 13-30◦) ไมมการทรดตวของ distal radius หรอ radial

shortening Smooth articular surface

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Smith’s Fracture complication Malunion Nonunion Distal radioulnar joint injury Contracture Neurologic injury Complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS)(2-

20%)

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This patient

การรกษา-Traction-U-slab forearm ในทาขอศอกงอ 90⁰ supination และ dorsiflex position-Admission observe การรกษา

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Thank You