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140 2011140 2011
2012 1433
ISBN 978 99906 89 32 7
45
45
67
,bfh Hb e d fCG
` g ` ````M ```` ``dG G````a
d kG a ,FGdG HdG
. dG L e
Gg GORG e d UN Th
`e `a``VCG ` `` `dG
G d OQCG h ,MGbGh
G C``H A`Y`d`H EG
CGh ,``` ```dGh ```fC```dG
.AGG N Y jj
d k``` ` cC` ` Sh ` ` ` TCGh
Me e J e Y
Gg J cQeh MGbGh
.eO dG JW dG
@4abdullah
Email:[email protected]
67
,bfh Hb e d fCG
` g ` ````M ```` ``dG G````a
d kG a ,FGdG HdG
. dG L e
Gg GORG e d UN Th
`e `a``VCG ` `` `dG
G d OQCG h ,MGbGh
G C``H A`Y`d`H EG
CGh ,``` ```dGh ```fC```dG
.AGG N Y jj
d k``` ` cC` ` Sh ` ` ` TCGh
Me e J e Y
Gg J cQeh MGbGh
.eO dG JW dG
@4abdullah
Email:[email protected]
89
G SdG j dG EG : b -Y G VQ SY HG Y dG EG kYae U) .dG G M HGO c d j
.( Sh Y G U
Y j GP e ,dG G ,STfc eJ Lh
: dCSh edG g oO ,AG i eCj kdL G c ,dG V
e kGHG cCG AT ?j gh AG EG dG ihL e , G jCG
.HCG EG Sh RCG e dP c ,Gg
, kGHG TCG ,bGdG AT , H f :STfc LCG
e d ,MGh c aj e Gg ,HCG EG Sh RCG e dP c
aCG c d ? G J QG AG j c :g MGh c j
TJ CG EG Jh , G ..AG EG fCG fCGh dP
hO ,dG AH e ,dEG L b G dch ,dG MQ Gh j d fH S jdG EG f H PEG a , bJ
.QgdG AfG EG dPh ,jQP EG kjCG g g jh H
( )
( )
89
G SdG j dG EG : b -Y G VQ SY HG Y dG EG kYae U) .dG G M HGO c d j
.( Sh Y G U
Y j GP e ,dG G ,STfc eJ Lh
: dCSh edG g oO ,AG i eCj kdL G c ,dG V
e kGHG cCG AT ?j gh AG EG dG ihL e , G jCG
.HCG EG Sh RCG e dP c ,Gg
, kGHG TCG ,bGdG AT , H f :STfc LCG
e d ,MGh c aj e Gg ,HCG EG Sh RCG e dP c
aCG c d ? G J QG AG j c :g MGh c j
TJ CG EG Jh , G ..AG EG fCG fCGh dP
hO ,dG AH e ,dEG L b G dch ,dG MQ Gh j d fH S jdG EG f H PEG a , bJ
.QgdG AfG EG dPh ,jQP EG kjCG g g jh H
( )
( )
1011
5
6
7
10
16
22
38
46
60
62
68
88
89
90
92
98
98
100
109
107
111
113
116
123
132
136
139
142
1011
5
6
7
10
16
22
38
46
60
62
68
88
89
90
92
98
98
100
109
107
111
113
116
123
132
136
139
142
1213
142
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163
168
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192
195
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205
210
214
216
218
220
221
225
236
238
246
246
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251
1213
142
144
144
147
163
168
174
179
181
192
195
198
205
210
214
216
218
220
221
225
236
238
246
246
247
248
249
251
1415
254
255
257
260
262
264
265
267
277
281
282
283
286
288
290
293
297
299
306
309
310
316
318
1415
254
255
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264
265
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277
281
282
283
286
288
290
293
297
299
306
309
310
316
318
1617
.
H dG IO`Gh JGdG dG Y J H e G
QGLG O g H bCG e g ?g VCS GPa ,fLCGh Y dD JYVe
? dP d
e dT N e M aVEG dG Gg e LC SdG dH d
HLEG M e CG G ,J HQ eh V d b nW jh ,c
M e fCGh , Mh d dSQ dG Gg C ;Q dG jY fCG g Gh
. Jh gOQ hCG db
,fFHh H b Y Jh ,IFdG J CG g dG CG cCJ CG g G
Y EG j CGh ,JAGb S dG YdG j kY d bCG CGh
.Ieh e Q jdG H EGh kaf k Y jdG
dh ,HjEG dG IOG Zd EG dG Gg J fCG cCe fCG
CGh , dP Y Yj kS j CGh , e d j CG G CSCGh , JM
QdG j d dG UG c Y dJ dG jdG WQN dG Gg
,FGdG eMCG a j CGh , j H MCG bhU a h , GS T Y
.FGdG F H j CGh , Jh j dG cjh
, NGdG UH aeh , JGP cG Y G H YS dG Gg
,GdG e ddGh fG Yh ,a e SQh ,I G Lh jh
L Y Y aCG Sh ..IcGdG ge jh j Y YS c
1617
.
H dG IO`Gh JGdG dG Y J H e G
QGLG O g H bCG e g ?g VCS GPa ,fLCGh Y dD JYVe
? dP d
e dT N e M aVEG dG Gg e LC SdG dH d
HLEG M e CG G ,J HQ eh V d b nW jh ,c
M e fCGh , Mh d dSQ dG Gg C ;Q dG jY fCG g Gh
. Jh gOQ hCG db
,fFHh H b Y Jh ,IFdG J CG g dG CG cCJ CG g G
Y EG j CGh ,JAGb S dG YdG j kY d bCG CGh
.Ieh e Q jdG H EGh kaf k Y jdG
dh ,HjEG dG IOG Zd EG dG Gg J fCG cCe fCG
CGh , dP Y Yj kS j CGh , e d j CG G CSCGh , JM
QdG j d dG UG c Y dJ dG jdG WQN dG Gg
,FGdG eMCG a j CGh , j H MCG bhU a h , GS T Y
.FGdG F H j CGh , Jh j dG cjh
, NGdG UH aeh , JGP cG Y G H YS dG Gg
,GdG e ddGh fG Yh ,a e SQh ,I G Lh jh
L Y Y aCG Sh ..IcGdG ge jh j Y YS c
1819
c ,b bh HjEG dH J Sh ,REGh AGOCG e
, cM J fc dG FGdG e dG e dG Y YS
WH fEG .. dG OGQCG SGh GAa a I G CG d Sh
GVG Y jSh ,dH jJ e j Y YS
bCG EG JbW QSGh SG EG H NCjh , JGQGb PJG
C ; dG G G PE`H G OS .. eMCG d M
. dUhCG L S c G
j c dG f QdG dG gj jdG e c Qh
Z qd ec IQ`bh Fg bW OLH QT gh ,GS Id
jh gGe d JCj e fCG M c , e
,I G H M Yh Y Fb J IdG gh ,JGQb
dG g fEG CG g UCG d ,OG`aCG d Gg j b ,f
Y ,g eb Y IN IN e `dCG jh ,H j
iQCGh qd Qc MW OLh g H j c e cCG EG ..jNBG GbCG
:dG YdG Y Y c ,kT e CG fCGh bdG
( )
fCH b hj MEG CGH g
CG LQCG ? H ZJ e a J d
e Jh , dG YG g bJ
e e d J e Q H. b
GQ dG h GQG e kT j d fEa H dG j eY fEG EG
S d HSG j d S H , j MG OQGG h dG
.. HS NE Qh , S Hdh
,kGhY e SCGh ,L dG e VCG fEG , eCG j : j GP eC U GZ b
kb n na b n r nJ eCG j dH a , f Y H aJ fb d EGh ,G Y UCGh
? dG e kGjT
SCG OcCG dh , o M b e c CG dh j YCG fEG :dbh ,eCG Ha
.j d qbS SCGh ,Gb QJ M ,MGh c f
e MGh c
j SdG
d ,dG J ADg e kGMGh
J j e
f
( )
1819
c ,b bh HjEG dH J Sh ,REGh AGOCG e
, cM J fc dG FGdG e dG e dG Y YS
WH fEG .. dG OGQCG SGh GAa a I G CG d Sh
GVG Y jSh ,dH jJ e j Y YS
bCG EG JbW QSGh SG EG H NCjh , JGQGb PJG
C ; dG G G PE`H G OS .. eMCG d M
. dUhCG L S c G
j c dG f QdG dG gj jdG e c Qh
Z qd ec IQ`bh Fg bW OLH QT gh ,GS Id
jh gGe d JCj e fCG M c , e
,I G H M Yh Y Fb J IdG gh ,JGQb
dG g fEG CG g UCG d ,OG`aCG d Gg j b ,f
Y ,g eb Y IN IN e `dCG jh ,H j
iQCGh qd Qc MW OLh g H j c e cCG EG ..jNBG GbCG
:dG YdG Y Y c ,kT e CG fCGh bdG
( )
fCH b hj MEG CGH g
CG LQCG ? H ZJ e a J d
e Jh , dG YG g bJ
e e d J e Q H. b
GQ dG h GQG e kT j d fEa H dG j eY fEG EG
S d HSG j d S H , j MG OQGG h dG
.. HS NE Qh , S Hdh
,kGhY e SCGh ,L dG e VCG fEG , eCG j : j GP eC U GZ b
kb n na b n r nJ eCG j dH a , f Y H aJ fb d EGh ,G Y UCGh
? dG e kGjT
SCG OcCG dh , o M b e c CG dh j YCG fEG :dbh ,eCG Ha
.j d qbS SCGh ,Gb QJ M ,MGh c f
e MGh c
j SdG
d ,dG J ADg e kGMGh
J j e
f
( )
2021
: eh f e dG YVe M JYfGh Q aCG beh QG G
EG ..JGdG jdG FSh fCG e tJ kGQG Jh kGQGe a dG IOYEGh , Z
, dG Y jCGh bGh cCG S Vh EG MhG YVG HQ e
S H ,FGQ e cCG kGeCG j oe EG dh ,Q aCG g d cQeh
,IKDG Q aCG e jG Y j gP Lh I a Y Z KM c fCG
,IAGb Y G e OY e T d kGeh kFGQ S a dd
,k kGeCG fhSh ,J Jh dG a e a c Q aCG a bJ
.Z e aCG c iNCG c Y f Sh
EG cJ IFa CG d d , dG Gg CG J fCGh gP e b
.JL IQe ge e Jh Q aCG e J e Q H
K d
M fGj :eY
M jh ,j
M jh ,j
.KCj
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2021
: eh f e dG YVe M JYfGh Q aCG beh QG G
EG ..JGdG jdG FSh fCG e tJ kGQG Jh kGQGe a dG IOYEGh , Z
, dG Y jCGh bGh cCG S Vh EG MhG YVG HQ e
S H ,FGQ e cCG kGeCG j oe EG dh ,Q aCG g d cQeh
,IKDG Q aCG e jG Y j gP Lh I a Y Z KM c fCG
,IAGb Y G e OY e T d kGeh kFGQ S a dd
,k kGeCG fhSh ,J Jh dG a e a c Q aCG a bJ
.Z e aCG c iNCG c Y f Sh
EG cJ IFa CG d d , dG Gg CG J fCGh gP e b
.JL IQe ge e Jh Q aCG e J e Q H
K d
M fGj :eY
M jh ,j
M jh ,j
.KCj
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2223
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2425
H dG Yh dG dG Y dG CGb d
d dH hCG g dG Gg c Q hCG , dG Gg b UN
M e jJ J e fe a c jCG ,VG Gg M
.kVGh e f dG SSCG G j dG e
j Y YJ dG GQG U N e j eCG Ggh
dhfih , JLMG jh ,I G dSQ aeh Lh
dhLh dYCG J Y dPh ,kS e kbGh eMCG L
dEG J e H dG jdH bGhh jdhCG M
. aJh G PEH
, EG Jh dEG J dG GgCG j e dCj fEG
G Vh h ae fL EG , dH dG eGdG Vhh
.g c Mh jGdG e Me c Y
25
2425
H dG Yh dG dG Y dG CGb d
d dH hCG g dG Gg c Q hCG , dG Gg b UN
M e jJ J e fe a c jCG ,VG Gg M
.kVGh e f dG SSCG G j dG e
j Y YJ dG GQG U N e j eCG Ggh
dhfih , JLMG jh ,I G dSQ aeh Lh
dhLh dYCG J Y dPh ,kS e kbGh eMCG L
dEG J e H dG jdH bGhh jdhCG M
. aJh G PEH
, EG Jh dEG J dG GgCG j e dCj fEG
G Vh h ae fL EG , dH dG eGdG Vhh
.g c Mh jGdG e Me c Y
25
2627
:
: : cG IOYEG N e j I G G Md OGSG EG
:dG dG GDdG Y CG Y j PEG , Y dGh JGP
g ? Y CG ke YT fCG g ?dG J g z?fCG e{
Yh dG Y J SM CG G SGM Y J M fCG
MGe HQCG e J NGO MH dG e H ?SOdG SM
:jQhV
: f Lh eh f Lh e dG Y J ah
.jNBG
: UhCG IY LG Gg j bh ,H f Q J kLe J ah
j H b kT kLP hCG , G T jJ
H hdG Y J gY ..Y CGb hCG H dG Ghb IY e
.eOd Jh a ZG PdG Gg Hh
: FdGh c dGh GQ``G jJh J Me MG `g
dG jdG NOEGh ,jQhdG
HjEG J ``N `e J
`````````HGh QG`````SGh , `````d
.dG d IQhV QGUEGh
: j H CGj jNBd G j dG
dG GMG eGMGh JGd dG
dG VGe Y gjh H Jj
, Y J dG QH dGh ,Q dGh
GMG Y Rj dG f dGh
dGh ,jNBG Y Rj c JGP
jNBG C j e j G
. Z b H j fC H ,faj
1
1
2
3
4
2627
:
: : cG IOYEG N e j I G G Md OGSG EG
:dG dG GDdG Y CG Y j PEG , Y dGh JGP
g ? Y CG ke YT fCG g ?dG J g z?fCG e{
Yh dG Y J SM CG G SGM Y J M fCG
MGe HQCG e J NGO MH dG e H ?SOdG SM
:jQhV
: f Lh eh f Lh e dG Y J ah
.jNBG
: UhCG IY LG Gg j bh ,H f Q J kLe J ah
j H b kT kLP hCG , G T jJ
H hdG Y J gY ..Y CGb hCG H dG Ghb IY e
.eOd Jh a ZG PdG Gg Hh
: FdGh c dGh GQ``G jJh J Me MG `g
dG jdG NOEGh ,jQhdG
HjEG J ``N `e J
`````````HGh QG`````SGh , `````d
.dG d IQhV QGUEGh
: j H CGj jNBd G j dG
dG GMG eGMGh JGd dG
dG VGe Y gjh H Jj
, Y J dG QH dGh ,Q dGh
GMG Y Rj dG f dGh
dGh ,jNBG Y Rj c JGP
jNBG C j e j G
. Z b H j fC H ,faj
1
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2829
: :
ee Jh J CGh H T Y aJ H
CG dG , jd gCG jCG ,I G J dG OGh dG
Y dG CG dG ?UG G CG QjEGh dG ?dG dG
e J CG hH dG dG H VQdG CGh H c ?CG
eDG EG{ .dEG ...QdG hCG G hCG SQG hCG dG J e N
Y e fEG ,zjdG Y Y dhh fCGh ,Y dh Y NCGh fCGh{h zINEG
d be c Y V fCJh k b j j b VQe jCGe
Y dGh dG dGh OGh dG VGSG e H a ,H bY
d IG dG g Hc K ,VQdG Gg dGREGh VQe bh Oe
j gh , Y Oj M bGe dG d j ,kFGO dG eCG
.dG AhdGh fG
: : , Xe IQa ,GQe IY N e jh QGhOCG IH I G fEG j
QGhOCG UH j CG dG Yh ,gZh ... jU dKh ,LhR hCG hR iNCGh
CG Zj ch ,QhO c e SQ Y CG c , ec H gMh I G
,QhO d dH AGOCG j CG Y QGhOCG g Oj eYh ..QhdG Gg j
H K ,IM Y QhO d k J f jh
.Q dG VGe S ,H EG H QGhOCG
, Xc QhO hCG ,Cc QhO e g g
QhdH eb Y e f J gh ?hc hCG
QhH dG Y qEG ?FL H hCG e dH
MC kbY j C`c e dH
Hh ,`H PdGh jdGh
H e Xc FL
gh ..````X`dG `e``e
e `NC`Jh J b QGhOCG
Y j iNCG QGhOCG bh
jH fEG ..kjCG gj
JGQe ` j` h QGhOCG
EG RGdG S e SQh
e dG J dG Jh dH a bh dG QGhOCG jH JM
. bh
23
2829
: :
ee Jh J CGh H T Y aJ H
CG dG , jd gCG jCG ,I G J dG OGh dG
Y dG CG dG ?UG G CG QjEGh dG ?dG dG
e J CG hH dG dG H VQdG CGh H c ?CG
eDG EG{ .dEG ...QdG hCG G hCG SQG hCG dG J e N
Y e fEG ,zjdG Y Y dhh fCGh ,Y dh Y NCGh fCGh{h zINEG
d be c Y V fCJh k b j j b VQe jCGe
Y dGh dG dGh OGh dG VGSG e H a ,H bY
d IG dG g Hc K ,VQdG Gg dGREGh VQe bh Oe
j gh , Y Oj M bGe dG d j ,kFGO dG eCG
.dG AhdGh fG
: : , Xe IQa ,GQe IY N e jh QGhOCG IH I G fEG j
QGhOCG UH j CG dG Yh ,gZh ... jU dKh ,LhR hCG hR iNCGh
CG Zj ch ,QhO c e SQ Y CG c , ec H gMh I G
,QhO d dH AGOCG j CG Y QGhOCG g Oj eYh ..QhdG Gg j
H K ,IM Y QhO d k J f jh
.Q dG VGe S ,H EG H QGhOCG
, Xc QhO hCG ,Cc QhO e g g
QhdH eb Y e f J gh ?hc hCG
QhH dG Y qEG ?FL H hCG e dH
MC kbY j C`c e dH
Hh ,`H PdGh jdGh
H e Xc FL
gh ..````X`dG `e``e
e `NC`Jh J b QGhOCG
Y j iNCG QGhOCG bh
jH fEG ..kjCG gj
JGQe ` j` h QGhOCG
EG RGdG S e SQh
e dG J dG Jh dH a bh dG QGhOCG jH JM
. bh
23
3031
: : : :
Lh ,QNG Yh Lh IY eeCG RJ I G g fEG EG
.k S gOM dG GQG e Qe d iNCGh ,eY
d jDhdGh dSdG j J UGh edG LdG g EG
Lj dG IdH OhJ I G fEG eh dSQ ja ,Qe
Qe dh , Y H J Hch jDhQ j Yh ,I G e
Zj dG dG d OS jDhdG EG ,UN H JM QGhOCG e QhOh
Zj e d OSh ,gOMh gQNG dG GQG jf d UdH
Zj dG G dSdG J c ,I G eeh dSQ e REG
Y j dG dSdGh ,H dG
. JY
``jDh``dGh `d``S`dG `j` EG
S ```j``` ````````j
dd ;I G jdhCG
Y Mh Hc e H
kFGO d b X
``eCG ``gh ,``gP ```jCG
Yh EG S `dG
IdG I``b `JGQ```
. NGdG
ah , G Vh eh BG g jCG j CG Y I G MQ aG j CG b
.kjCG JbNEG c H G h ,JM IUCG ac Y JGREG Uj CG Y BG g jCG
e gJ GREG e JM JCG e H Fb OGYEH b : dG dG QGSCG d dG Y J CG hMh , b Y IjYh
.dG M dH hJh SQ d SQe
dG e H H ,M kFGO d I G : Ahgh H ah , JM kbNEG J e c qS ,GdGh
Y J H H j e SCG g e OMh ,SCG
JJG d dG GAG`LEG e cPGh ,QG`bCG hCG jNBG YT
.Je MGh L e j eDa ?dG U d
:jeCG ae N e a G Vd cGQOEG eCGh
: fh jd I dG H T d NGdG VdG Oj
, dGh dG gDGh ,GGh ,GQ dGh ,gGG : J I dG fh , dG
.I dG f e dG g dG fh
: VJ b dG bGh MG UdH a fEd LQG VdG Oj
,gQSG dhfi kFGO J MG UdG aeh d dG IAG da , jW.ad kjQhV kGeCG J FGdG ae CG c
Vh Y jS j ke dEG dGh LQGh NGdG VdG ae EG
.H J dG aGh , deBGh JMW e be Ojh , G
45
1
2
3
4
3031
: : : :
Lh ,QNG Yh Lh IY eeCG RJ I G g fEG EG
.k S gOM dG GQG e Qe d iNCGh ,eY
d jDhdGh dSdG j J UGh edG LdG g EG
Lj dG IdH OhJ I G fEG eh dSQ ja ,Qe
Qe dh , Y H J Hch jDhQ j Yh ,I G e
Zj dG dG d OS jDhdG EG ,UN H JM QGhOCG e QhOh
Zj e d OSh ,gOMh gQNG dG GQG jf d UdH
Zj dG G dSdG J c ,I G eeh dSQ e REG
Y j dG dSdGh ,H dG
. JY
``jDh``dGh `d``S`dG `j` EG
S ```j``` ````````j
dd ;I G jdhCG
Y Mh Hc e H
kFGO d b X
``eCG ``gh ,``gP ```jCG
Yh EG S `dG
IdG I``b `JGQ```
. NGdG
ah , G Vh eh BG g jCG j CG Y I G MQ aG j CG b
.kjCG JbNEG c H G h ,JM IUCG ac Y JGREG Uj CG Y BG g jCG
e gJ GREG e JM JCG e H Fb OGYEH b : dG dG QGSCG d dG Y J CG hMh , b Y IjYh
.dG M dH hJh SQ d SQe
dG e H H ,M kFGO d I G : Ahgh H ah , JM kbNEG J e c qS ,GdGh
Y J H H j e SCG g e OMh ,SCG
JJG d dG GAG`LEG e cPGh ,QG`bCG hCG jNBG YT
.Je MGh L e j eDa ?dG U d
:jeCG ae N e a G Vd cGQOEG eCGh
: fh jd I dG H T d NGdG VdG Oj
, dGh dG gDGh ,GGh ,GQ dGh ,gGG : J I dG fh , dG
.I dG f e dG g dG fh
: VJ b dG bGh MG UdH a fEd LQG VdG Oj
,gQSG dhfi kFGO J MG UdG aeh d dG IAG da , jW.ad kjQhV kGeCG J FGdG ae CG c
Vh Y jS j ke dEG dGh LQGh NGdG VdG ae EG
.H J dG aGh , deBGh JMW e be Ojh , G
45
1
2
3
4
3233
: : : :
,jDhdGh dSdG d IMdG jdG fEG ,dGh dGh dG
dG e H , b EG EG G SdGh ,kgP Ada
gREG IOfih H e eGH EG j N e jDhdG d
LJh jDhQ Heh ,Qeh QhO c He fEG Y CG c ,G PEH
ej H Heh gUQ Ib iNCGh iG Se GgCG EG
.j CG EG j dH CGj j g c Hh ,YSCG hCG
IgL FGH Vh j dd ;kFGO QgdH The d I G EG
S g j CG Gh , dG J hCG Qb hCG QGW bh M
jJ N dP Vh EG ..Oe SMh c QGUEG dEG aj hDhO
kjQhVh ke j H e
bGGh HG Y jh
.dG AGOCd
,dEG j Uh fCG dN e j JM eY j dG Y
H G IOH g c e cCdGh ,H G d REG Heh
.k e SG d UdG eY gCG e IQ G dHh OG edGh
ae Ea ,ISCd e AGT e ,N g d j eY
:ddG GH J UdG
b fEG j Q`eCG g e dG Y
,dG Gg dEG j Uh
j CG dG eEH GgCG c Hh
hCG kec UdG a ,aGgCG L Uh fCG
. ec H j aGgCG H c GPEG kf
c e edG jh a Q dG fGL Y cj gh
.k e gaj
67
3233
: : : :
,jDhdGh dSdG d IMdG jdG fEG ,dGh dGh dG
dG e H , b EG EG G SdGh ,kgP Ada
gREG IOfih H e eGH EG j N e jDhdG d
LJh jDhQ Heh ,Qeh QhO c He fEG Y CG c ,G PEH
ej H Heh gUQ Ib iNCGh iG Se GgCG EG
.j CG EG j dH CGj j g c Hh ,YSCG hCG
IgL FGH Vh j dd ;kFGO QgdH The d I G EG
S g j CG Gh , dG J hCG Qb hCG QGW bh M
jJ N dP Vh EG ..Oe SMh c QGUEG dEG aj hDhO
kjQhVh ke j H e
bGGh HG Y jh
.dG AGOCd
,dEG j Uh fCG dN e j JM eY j dG Y
H G IOH g c e cCdGh ,H G d REG Heh
.k e SG d UdG eY gCG e IQ G dHh OG edGh
ae Ea ,ISCd e AGT e ,N g d j eY
:ddG GH J UdG
b fEG j Q`eCG g e dG Y
,dG Gg dEG j Uh
j CG dG eEH GgCG c Hh
hCG kec UdG a ,aGgCG L Uh fCG
. ec H j aGgCG H c GPEG kf
c e edG jh a Q dG fGL Y cj gh
.k e gaj
67
3435
IOSG fEG Y Yh ShQO I G
QYG H Qj c , ANCG Q j M e
,jNBG QYCG Y EG a , Z ANCH
AcP `c GPEG ,`j`NBG Q` H EGh
dG jdG W j j b fEG
Hc S jNBG Q Ea S
JGQ QJ Q J dG QG``fCGh jdG
YSh ,kMVh cCG H e Oh
kf JEG cCG H bh MGG QNG Y
.dSh
gY bdGh G `g ae EG
,kGL kfl e j kJ cCG H
d Sh aCG g IG SQh
LM H a IL IQe d da , JGN
.jQhV
G PEH AdG Gg d S dG Gg bGdG dEG j ,WHh aGMH Sh
JM Wh HdGh eSEG g SGh
Hb Q` `aCG S ,Jc Sh G GO``Yh
.SQGh d
..
b : b Y G VQ SY HG Y
gh Ld Sh Y G U G SQ
b HT :N b kN ZG{ :j
, a b Zh , S b Uh , eg
.z Je b JMh , T b ZGah
( )
3435
IOSG fEG Y Yh ShQO I G
QYG H Qj c , ANCG Q j M e
,jNBG QYCG Y EG a , Z ANCH
AcP `c GPEG ,`j`NBG Q` H EGh
dG jdG W j j b fEG
Hc S jNBG Q Ea S
JGQ QJ Q J dG QG``fCGh jdG
YSh ,kMVh cCG H e Oh
kf JEG cCG H bh MGG QNG Y
.dSh
gY bdGh G `g ae EG
,kGL kfl e j kJ cCG H
d Sh aCG g IG SQh
LM H a IL IQe d da , JGN
.jQhV
G PEH AdG Gg d S dG Gg bGdG dEG j ,WHh aGMH Sh
JM Wh HdGh eSEG g SGh
Hb Q` `aCG S ,Jc Sh G GO``Yh
.SQGh d
..
b : b Y G VQ SY HG Y
gh Ld Sh Y G U G SQ
b HT :N b kN ZG{ :j
, a b Zh , S b Uh , eg
.z Je b JMh , T b ZGah
( )
3637
. ( )
3637
. ( )
3839
... Ghdh UTCG e Y
GTYh ,e c GYYJh
jjCG e IdG g GW
, dG N cG QGH
gh Jh dG Jh
G Xh TCG EG hj
Yh ..d LGG QGG Y
dGZ `` ` `` `dG `N`e
X j h ,e T H
kJh .. dG QGL Y k e
hdG H dG Re d
T j dG Ea hdGh
Ia c Y gM fEa , X EG dGdG hj fCh .. dG N Mh
da , fl ASCH dG J Y G UGh ..k fl kFc dG Ga e
Ia Hh ..NBG SH S NBG G hdG Yh ,SH fj dG
.. dG Ne EG Gh d QGSa QGG e gMCG j fG
e jDhQ Y j ST Me e iCGQ e dg S G dG J
...
3839
... Ghdh UTCG e Y
GTYh ,e c GYYJh
jjCG e IdG g GW
, dG N cG QGH
gh Jh dG Jh
G Xh TCG EG hj
Yh ..d LGG QGG Y
dGZ `` ` `` `dG `N`e
X j h ,e T H
kJh .. dG QGL Y k e
hdG H dG Re d
T j dG Ea hdGh
Ia c Y gM fEa , X EG dGdG hj fCh .. dG N Mh
da , fl ASCH dG J Y G UGh ..k fl kFc dG Ga e
Ia Hh ..NBG SH S NBG G hdG Yh ,SH fj dG
.. dG Ne EG Gh d QGSa QGG e gMCG j fG
e jDhQ Y j ST Me e iCGQ e dg S G dG J
...
4041
. b
j CG j fCG M d kYeh kjb c eCG jGH QdG KCG EG ,f
dG e N jdG dh ,IQ e Ge ah Y ZCG CG H EG VH
,dGdG iCGQ a dG f Y Sh ,dG fdG iCGQh a YJ dG
dGdG id iNCG Ie dG EG OY AG M bh hdG Yh , X cGh
!!dGdG d g QGG Y G dG CG dh , dG Ne db f
H GSGh ,H GSGh bj a gT jOLG NCGh dG NO
Yh AGh dG dGZ fEG f F d kFGO c dG CG gNCG eY cCG
!!dG
YbEG hM !!QdG H Kd HUCG Y CG Gh YG d dP e cCG H
..Jhfi e ihL h IFa d BGQ
.IFa d , dG Y Yh dG H BGQ d bdG e dG eCG
,gdG hCG , G J b dG d , G G Gg EG J e bCG I G EG
. UJ ae hH edG UCG gdG hCG ,I G FL GZEG hCG
.QdG TCG g HdGh IGh aGh dG EG
h ,gG fa eeCG Ke G jCGQ GPEG
bG hjj e GL bdG e dG J
. Y CH GJ e h gGe h ae h JGQ H
.d N e T c CG cJh ,BG fG
...
Q aCG{
e dZ dG
VQe LGJ
UCG e IjT
z dG dG
( )
dc ;GQG e dG JM SQ
g ZCGh ,SdGh Gh MdGh IAG dGh
MGe Y g c Hh kGc QJ GQG
IOSG Y IQ dG M EG gfQW a ,hCG
Y ke NCdh , dP Y Of h j e
QJ g c H G IQa ,G : dP
EG UdGh aG d j dG Q dG Y
MGe gQJ fGh ,gjf dG ceCG
jQdG N e gQf CG f eEH c ,ddG
bH R d gDj dG G Y IQ dG EG
.zKGQG{
Y bJ b IAG dG Y IQ dG :NBG e
c MCG IY e f G dG IAGb Me
SdG e dG ,hCG SGQdG MGe g
,dG O ec S IAG`b j
IY e f G`J i`NCG g IAG dG YSh
Y bJ MS H kGc kba g d ,MdG hGj SdG Hh ..GS
gDj dG bCG G EG gQW fi MSh ,dGh dG Y IQ dG O
.zM d dG dG{ d d
4041
. b
j CG j fCG M d kYeh kjb c eCG jGH QdG KCG EG ,f
dG e N jdG dh ,IQ e Ge ah Y ZCG CG H EG VH
,dGdG iCGQ a dG f Y Sh ,dG fdG iCGQh a YJ dG
dGdG id iNCG Ie dG EG OY AG M bh hdG Yh , X cGh
!!dGdG d g QGG Y G dG CG dh , dG Ne db f
H GSGh ,H GSGh bj a gT jOLG NCGh dG NO
Yh AGh dG dGZ fEG f F d kFGO c dG CG gNCG eY cCG
!!dG
YbEG hM !!QdG H Kd HUCG Y CG Gh YG d dP e cCG H
..Jhfi e ihL h IFa d BGQ
.IFa d , dG Y Yh dG H BGQ d bdG e dG eCG
,gdG hCG , G J b dG d , G G Gg EG J e bCG I G EG
. UJ ae hH edG UCG gdG hCG ,I G FL GZEG hCG
.QdG TCG g HdGh IGh aGh dG EG
h ,gG fa eeCG Ke G jCGQ GPEG
bG hjj e GL bdG e dG J
. Y CH GJ e h gGe h ae h JGQ H
.d N e T c CG cJh ,BG fG
...
Q aCG{
e dZ dG
VQe LGJ
UCG e IjT
z dG dG
( )
dc ;GQG e dG JM SQ
g ZCGh ,SdGh Gh MdGh IAG dGh
MGe Y g c Hh kGc QJ GQG
IOSG Y IQ dG M EG gfQW a ,hCG
Y ke NCdh , dP Y Of h j e
QJ g c H G IQa ,G : dP
EG UdGh aG d j dG Q dG Y
MGe gQJ fGh ,gjf dG ceCG
jQdG N e gQf CG f eEH c ,ddG
bH R d gDj dG G Y IQ dG EG
.zKGQG{
Y bJ b IAG dG Y IQ dG :NBG e
c MCG IY e f G dG IAGb Me
SdG e dG ,hCG SGQdG MGe g
,dG O ec S IAG`b j
IY e f G`J i`NCG g IAG dG YSh
Y bJ MS H kGc kba g d ,MdG hGj SdG Hh ..GS
gDj dG bCG G EG gQW fi MSh ,dGh dG Y IQ dG O
.zM d dG dG{ d d
4243
SQ ` `d ``S`j `S``dG H
j c dG dG EG `bCG
MG `c eY SG dG H
CG H dGh ,SG hCG FGHG
,kFGQ ka kY d ITdH
,zGdfG{ M c FGQ Md SJh
a RhJ Y EG J CGh
J h , dW SJ c e
J dG I dG Y dN e
. gP
,GQG g c e dG EG
.. J dG Q dH gQW SdG e dG dh ,e ej JM IQe a
a ,H H j a ,AcG M Y J IQe e g f
IQG g .. Y M Qh IOd jh , Y M Qh H jh ,Ld
IQ eGSG Y j d dG GSG CG ZQ ,GMG M EG d QJ
eGSG IOeh IOe ej JM IQe dG ..G IQeh IAG dG
iG Y JM Sd L c ,edG J G dYCG JJh d L
. jdG
aGMG je EG jQhdG J G JGQe jH S JM dG
.MG OQGh gGh JbhC eCG QSH Y OJ
dG IAGb Y kGQOb J CGh ,a Ife e T kHc CG J CG H c a
H JM J CG H ah , Q aCG ZCG SG e a MGh j f
CG b J{
z dP e j
( )
.FGY Hh zcdG Y{ a J CGh ,ShQeh fl
EG ,I G Ua e IOSGh dG d Y Sh dG Gd JAGb EG
J eY d je f j jdG g ddG UdG e hj jdG
.HGHCG
oJ GP :dCa , K H a ,HfCG H j ,Ic IU Y H FP bh
kGN h d fS ja iQCG a ,BG
aCG EG :LCa ? c hCG OU e Oj
VCG CG G e a ,kGe dP
j dG bdG ,MS TCG CG EG
.a SCG CG
.. YCG fEG Y Uj e gCG e EG
,I G g kGKCG j CG g b f
g gh g e e :Gdb H e dG e GPEa
cM hH j d KCG Gg d ,KCG
eO d H IgX h QKBG J
Yh Q``KBG `g M EG ,H a
gKCJ Yh F H Ieh gOGeGh
.KCG MU gOj jNBG
d fEG{
,dG IOGQEG
IOGQEG d
OGSG
dG g d
zdG J
( )
dG I G{
z G G g
( )
...
4243
SQ ` `d ``S`j `S``dG H
j c dG dG EG `bCG
MG `c eY SG dG H
CG H dGh ,SG hCG FGHG
,kFGQ ka kY d ITdH
,zGdfG{ M c FGQ Md SJh
a RhJ Y EG J CGh
J h , dW SJ c e
J dG I dG Y dN e
. gP
,GQG g c e dG EG
.. J dG Q dH gQW SdG e dG dh ,e ej JM IQe a
a ,H H j a ,AcG M Y J IQe e g f
IQG g .. Y M Qh IOd jh , Y M Qh H jh ,Ld
IQ eGSG Y j d dG GSG CG ZQ ,GMG M EG d QJ
eGSG IOeh IOe ej JM IQe dG ..G IQeh IAG dG
iG Y JM Sd L c ,edG J G dYCG JJh d L
. jdG
aGMG je EG jQhdG J G JGQe jH S JM dG
.MG OQGh gGh JbhC eCG QSH Y OJ
dG IAGb Y kGQOb J CGh ,a Ife e T kHc CG J CG H c a
H JM J CG H ah , Q aCG ZCG SG e a MGh j f
CG b J{
z dP e j
( )
.FGY Hh zcdG Y{ a J CGh ,ShQeh fl
EG ,I G Ua e IOSGh dG d Y Sh dG Gd JAGb EG
J eY d je f j jdG g ddG UdG e hj jdG
.HGHCG
oJ GP :dCa , K H a ,HfCG H j ,Ic IU Y H FP bh
kGN h d fS ja iQCG a ,BG
aCG EG :LCa ? c hCG OU e Oj
VCG CG G e a ,kGe dP
j dG bdG ,MS TCG CG EG
.a SCG CG
.. YCG fEG Y Uj e gCG e EG
,I G g kGKCG j CG g b f
g gh g e e :Gdb H e dG e GPEa
cM hH j d KCG Gg d ,KCG
eO d H IgX h QKBG J
Yh Q``KBG `g M EG ,H a
gKCJ Yh F H Ieh gOGeGh
.KCG MU gOj jNBG
d fEG{
,dG IOGQEG
IOGQEG d
OGSG
dG g d
zdG J
( )
dG I G{
z G G g
( )
...
4445
H EG , G ,S
e aCG CG jCGQ , dd ; G
e YCG CG g Y SCG
.kGc kGOGR
kGKCG j CG fEG OGQCG GPEG
j CG Y a k M
cG bhh Jh L
. M KCG d j gGe
KCG GP kYCG Geb hc
YCG ke N ..dNh M
dG d ,Me a , T
fG ,kjCG gJh CG Jh M dGR eh , d
h LCG Y KCG ch zeOh c{ c
AH dG cH zjOCG{ Y ..CG j Gj
KDJ GJ Jf fGb ..kGdN Gj
H Y N e kM GR e S HG , dG
GR e dG VGh DhdG OSCG HCG ,SdG
HGQdGh,HdG dG kSQM Y
.A dG e jW Fbh h N HGh
d gOLCG gP AD` g e jdG
HG Q dG jY fCGh ,bH gQKBG GJ
.jdG H e j M Y Y
...
Vj CG fPCSGh AGeCG MCG Y b kLe CG ihj
.. b e ke d `eCG j ge Y
keM ``G a , `d`H `d ``eCG S
e Wh ,AG G H k kAYh
H Y jh IHEG NCj CG jV G MCG
, G H j GQ K ,e GN
IQGh bG G e H ,iNCG H G
e fG CG EG bd I``HEG J Y
.G VY J
dH fCG , jU j ,YCG fCG :eCG d a
d jW kbh fCG ,jQ h , fCGh ,kGc kGL
CG ,kGPEG , dG a ,dG IQG g EG J
gh .. J ICa e Gg Y Y Ca J
keM OY K N dG eGN MCG PCG eCG
dEG N PEG kGL kGQhe G ch , k K kc
.kgP lA dG Gg CG
SdG iCGQ ,eCG e eCH , dG a eYh
. G H lA fCG
gh ,jNBG Yh f Y QhdG NJ b ge EG : mFY eCG a
SdG IM KCG d j dh , d M mf CG d ,H SCH eCG
fCG j a , mICa e h mLCG hH ,kFGO S HJCG fc h ,IHY e iS
4445
H EG , G ,S
e aCG CG jCGQ , dd ; G
e YCG CG g Y SCG
.kGc kGOGR
kGKCG j CG fEG OGQCG GPEG
j CG Y a k M
cG bhh Jh L
. M KCG d j gGe
KCG GP kYCG Geb hc
YCG ke N ..dNh M
dG d ,Me a , T
fG ,kjCG gJh CG Jh M dGR eh , d
h LCG Y KCG ch zeOh c{ c
AH dG cH zjOCG{ Y ..CG j Gj
KDJ GJ Jf fGb ..kGdN Gj
H Y N e kM GR e S HG , dG
GR e dG VGh DhdG OSCG HCG ,SdG
HGQdGh,HdG dG kSQM Y
.A dG e jW Fbh h N HGh
d gOLCG gP AD` g e jdG
HG Q dG jY fCGh ,bH gQKBG GJ
.jdG H e j M Y Y
...
Vj CG fPCSGh AGeCG MCG Y b kLe CG ihj
.. b e ke d `eCG j ge Y
keM ``G a , `d`H `d ``eCG S
e Wh ,AG G H k kAYh
H Y jh IHEG NCj CG jV G MCG
, G H j GQ K ,e GN
IQGh bG G e H ,iNCG H G
e fG CG EG bd I``HEG J Y
.G VY J
dH fCG , jU j ,YCG fCG :eCG d a
d jW kbh fCG ,jQ h , fCGh ,kGc kGL
CG ,kGPEG , dG a ,dG IQG g EG J
gh .. J ICa e Gg Y Y Ca J
keM OY K N dG eGN MCG PCG eCG
dEG N PEG kGL kGQhe G ch , k K kc
.kgP lA dG Gg CG
SdG iCGQ ,eCG e eCH , dG a eYh
. G H lA fCG
gh ,jNBG Yh f Y QhdG NJ b ge EG : mFY eCG a
SdG IM KCG d j dh , d M mf CG d ,H SCH eCG
fCG j a , mICa e h mLCG hH ,kFGO S HJCG fc h ,IHY e iS
4647
...
:
1 I G A`G eh QhO j `Yh dG jDhdG Z EG
Ja e EG H j Mh L IQN j MR YVh
EG ,a IOjR fdG g Y IOjR f id e kej SGh dG
U H dH b GPEG ..FG e jG j jGdG NCJ
,I G hQO S fCG dhCG , JM J e GMCG a
eCG gh , jdG jf Yh G Y iNCGh ,V G Y e Yh
. dM e jNBG IM Y kHjEG Sh , J G S
2 dG j dG dGh OG Vhh ASG Y EG
, G I G GQ LGe Y AG NGO YGdG e
dG S ,e QGb PJ QGVG hCG ZdG Y hCG
.dG dG NDd kGeCG b Qh ,kGe kGFM f
d d Q`eCG `bhCG e dG uj b dP fL EG
H , DhGOCG Y j hCG , LdH g h JM M gCG
.IHdG JZQh dG G kGSCG f j
zdEG J kaQ kag d CG g G I G H EG{
( )
4647
...
:
1 I G A`G eh QhO j `Yh dG jDhdG Z EG
Ja e EG H j Mh L IQN j MR YVh
EG ,a IOjR fdG g Y IOjR f id e kej SGh dG
U H dH b GPEG ..FG e jG j jGdG NCJ
,I G hQO S fCG dhCG , JM J e GMCG a
eCG gh , jdG jf Yh G Y iNCGh ,V G Y e Yh
. dM e jNBG IM Y kHjEG Sh , J G S
2 dG j dG dGh OG Vhh ASG Y EG
, G I G GQ LGe Y AG NGO YGdG e
dG S ,e QGb PJ QGVG hCG ZdG Y hCG
.dG dG NDd kGeCG b Qh ,kGe kGFM f
d d Q`eCG `bhCG e dG uj b dP fL EG
H , DhGOCG Y j hCG , LdH g h JM M gCG
.IHdG JZQh dG G kGSCG f j
zdEG J kaQ kag d CG g G I G H EG{
( )
4849
GfCG bCG EG{
J CG g ddG
e Je Z
.z f
( )
hCG qM M hCG H hCG G qOCG Va hCG b M Z kej eCG e{
zej q Y a bG Y hCG S N
( - )
,FHCGh LhR Y kGH FbUCG e GdG YdG j dG AHBG MCG a
bh Y EG j a Gh GQG Y jh AHCG ADg MCG j b
CGe Vh Y d FHC kfi dH j b CG Gg EG ,NCe bh KQ dG
.. dG JM bGh j a ,Yh Y kFZ c bdG e c a ISCG CG
CH K EG Gj fCWh je QT S NGdG Ud a PEG
h , JYSh FbH ke f S gh ,b hPh Og edG Y
.gOLh Y e h dG j dG bdG cH
!!
dG HG aGj ,jh dG MCG b , jCG MCG U
,fG :H CG b ,Gj fc ah .. G MCG dH
j dG , jdG fL Y bh g M IhM iQCG fEG
. L rVh H
d f H gCG e g gh :ke dG LCG
? f
Vhh Ih G dG d ,IMGh IU H CG Oj h
EG Ih` G LdG H ,jb hCG EG Uh eYh ,L
. dG e kH H iTGh gGQO H N FS
,j h ,bfi dG fch .. jW HGh CG cCGh
,H HG MCGh ,Ae Y h IT h kH ,MdG J
.HK GH kFGO j c dG HCH j CG kGL Y j ch
da , dG M e IMGh kGS hJ jH VQCG Y CG eQh
.a EG H bh YH dG dG
HG da ,fK H H eQh f AdG CG a , b GN Hh
dG M c jh j CG Y HG CG M ,G gh .. dGh Y YdH
.iNCG H IMGdG
,k e dEG dGh `HCG bJ ,I`NCG dG M dG HG HG eYh
: bh
ZQoCG c , G IhM J d IMGh Ie fG fCG a ,H j ,jCGQCG
. dG M J d ,Ie e f AdG SQ CG Y
Lh L e{
zM QR eh
( )
...
3 `gh bdG Qc MW
,bGdG IU Y J eBGh , J
hZ e Jh ,dG J c J
d SdG H IQN ZQ ..T c
fEa deBGh JMW e dG
A J `e Jh ` CG hj
S hCG HJ hH Q dG H hCG f
,J j e FN gCG e IMGh g MdG IQN EG .. j gH J S e , d VGh FdG aGgCG S dG SQh
SdG iJ eY CLSh S H ,gdgOh I G ge J dh ,YH
. jdG d j
4849
GfCG bCG EG{
J CG g ddG
e Je Z
.z f
( )
hCG qM M hCG H hCG G qOCG Va hCG b M Z kej eCG e{
zej q Y a bG Y hCG S N
( - )
,FHCGh LhR Y kGH FbUCG e GdG YdG j dG AHBG MCG a
bh Y EG j a Gh GQG Y jh AHCG ADg MCG j b
CGe Vh Y d FHC kfi dH j b CG Gg EG ,NCe bh KQ dG
.. dG JM bGh j a ,Yh Y kFZ c bdG e c a ISCG CG
CH K EG Gj fCWh je QT S NGdG Ud a PEG
h , JYSh FbH ke f S gh ,b hPh Og edG Y
.gOLh Y e h dG j dG bdG cH
!!
dG HG aGj ,jh dG MCG b , jCG MCG U
,fG :H CG b ,Gj fc ah .. G MCG dH
j dG , jdG fL Y bh g M IhM iQCG fEG
. L rVh H
d f H gCG e g gh :ke dG LCG
? f
Vhh Ih G dG d ,IMGh IU H CG Oj h
EG Ih` G LdG H ,jb hCG EG Uh eYh ,L
. dG e kH H iTGh gGQO H N FS
,j h ,bfi dG fch .. jW HGh CG cCGh
,H HG MCGh ,Ae Y h IT h kH ,MdG J
.HK GH kFGO j c dG HCH j CG kGL Y j ch
da , dG M e IMGh kGS hJ jH VQCG Y CG eQh
.a EG H bh YH dG dG
HG da ,fK H H eQh f AdG CG a , b GN Hh
dG M c jh j CG Y HG CG M ,G gh .. dGh Y YdH
.iNCG H IMGdG
,k e dEG dGh `HCG bJ ,I`NCG dG M dG HG HG eYh
: bh
ZQoCG c , G IhM J d IMGh Ie fG fCG a ,H j ,jCGQCG
. dG M J d ,Ie e f AdG SQ CG Y
Lh L e{
zM QR eh
( )
...
3 `gh bdG Qc MW
,bGdG IU Y J eBGh , J
hZ e Jh ,dG J c J
d SdG H IQN ZQ ..T c
fEa deBGh JMW e dG
A J `e Jh ` CG hj
S hCG HJ hH Q dG H hCG f
,J j e FN gCG e IMGh g MdG IQN EG .. j gH J S e , d VGh FdG aGgCG S dG SQh
SdG iJ eY CLSh S H ,gdgOh I G ge J dh ,YH
. jdG d j
5051
4 J CG b iNCG AGHGh jV d f bdG QGgEGh OG IH
bh , M LfEG OhOe hHh bW j H J e QG Jh , j dG
Lj dG YCG e dG EG H e J h jdG bhCG J f
OL e a IOSG f eEH c kGQ`eCGh ATCG S fCG c ,H dG Y
EG j kgh fc JMW CG gOe f dEG j b ..dYCGh jNBG
J fCG hCG ,bGdG
CG c ,jNB H d
J `e J ``Y
e CG``J hCG Q` `aCG e
Y OS jQe
I``c `````eCG `` ``H
.cCG MEGh
IQ``````G `````g EG
, G ``g S
H Jh
J dG JMW
OQG d eCG GSG d S c ..JGSEG aGgCGh dSQh b e
JbW XJh jNBG e dG Y I dG JQb fL EG , jd MG
Y IQb cCG S c , j gQSGh eMCGh Q aCG j gOLh
. d VJ dG UdG SG
I G Sb{
W d
dh ,F H
zFY Ib
( )
5 , Gh dGh dGh dG H Q e ej JhQ MhGGh , dG eGhO dG
K J edG IdG YCG g Sh ,f j dG bJh ,YVG Q J
JMW RE J e MCG d fCG bhCG e eh ,AhH bh Jh Y
.SQ J dG G JjGg M hCG Q dG
6 jDhdG Z H QeCG e eJ Y SG dG OQ QNG G G a
e HQJh gOJ Qh H J dG dG SQ d cG dGh dG
.kH H
,QG``dG ``M `e edG V
Y IQ dG Y hCG d SG kfMCGh
JdGh RdG OGSG d LGe
GSG hQ d kG``f , G
..G GOY e g dG d
dG Y kGQOb S dG EG
J ke J CGh ,YV
aeh ` F` ` G ` `Y O``````Y
QeCG bGH HQh G H
G GSG Y OdGh JBeh
.HjEH dEG dGh
IdG d{
H J c
zJ c
( )
...
5051
4 J CG b iNCG AGHGh jV d f bdG QGgEGh OG IH
bh , M LfEG OhOe hHh bW j H J e QG Jh , j dG
Lj dG YCG e dG EG H e J h jdG bhCG J f
OL e a IOSG f eEH c kGQ`eCGh ATCG S fCG c ,H dG Y
EG j kgh fc JMW CG gOe f dEG j b ..dYCGh jNBG
J fCG hCG ,bGdG
CG c ,jNB H d
J `e J ``Y
e CG``J hCG Q` `aCG e
Y OS jQe
I``c `````eCG `` ``H
.cCG MEGh
IQ``````G `````g EG
, G ``g S
H Jh
J dG JMW
OQG d eCG GSG d S c ..JGSEG aGgCGh dSQh b e
JbW XJh jNBG e dG Y I dG JQb fL EG , jd MG
Y IQb cCG S c , j gQSGh eMCGh Q aCG j gOLh
. d VJ dG UdG SG
I G Sb{
W d
dh ,F H
zFY Ib
( )
5 , Gh dGh dGh dG H Q e ej JhQ MhGGh , dG eGhO dG
K J edG IdG YCG g Sh ,f j dG bJh ,YVG Q J
JMW RE J e MCG d fCG bhCG e eh ,AhH bh Jh Y
.SQ J dG G JjGg M hCG Q dG
6 jDhdG Z H QeCG e eJ Y SG dG OQ QNG G G a
e HQJh gOJ Qh H J dG dG SQ d cG dGh dG
.kH H
,QG``dG ``M `e edG V
Y IQ dG Y hCG d SG kfMCGh
JdGh RdG OGSG d LGe
GSG hQ d kG``f , G
..G GOY e g dG d
dG Y kGQOb S dG EG
J ke J CGh ,YV
aeh ` F` ` G ` `Y O``````Y
QeCG bGH HQh G H
G GSG Y OdGh JBeh
.HjEH dEG dGh
IdG d{
H J c
zJ c
( )
...
5253
kfH U W NO , `j GP
dg HCa GG MC
a , L OQh SZ
.. Gg Y d e IOQh
fCG EG j Oc e d
g j dG IOQdG
PEG , Y C`H T M H
,fl fc f Zd
dP SG ,I` g` dG `SC`c
e kGc kGQb NCa kZ dG
.. dG b H bh GdG
, dP AGL e ,dG a
fa ,IjT g dM
H gHEH KCGh ddG Y
..jdG VG dM H
dGh dG dW ZQ
IOQ ` `H T ` ` fCG EG
f M Z a
.JM
7 FGdGh d J b dG UdGh Vh Jb H e Yh Y fCG g
?e jb CG Y H fCG g ? eMCG e be e ? jW VJ dG
dT IQH OhSh , G VH Ie ae Y S dG
UG Jf eEGh Jb f e IOSG Y kGQOb S c , Y fCG e J
JGP Jh , jd dG f e S H Hh ,a J dG fih Y
H a dG J Y QbCG S c , jd Q dG fGLh JLMH YH
.HjEH e edGh Y dH JQOeh
, FdG GdGh GTCG J mVQCG Y le l M lH d l e l LQ c
Y GRCG Me , m H ,k e c , mOM Se edGh , m`g xM j h
a ..FGdG HdG e H k fi kHY O j la e ,AKCG g . GTCG
.jT OhH dG Y q Sh ,JSM H HdG EG G LdG dP
,IFdG g VQCG Jh G H J CG OQCG d :d bh gY dG bJ
d , dG eG L j dG MG Y jJ Me , j c ,h
Y j e VQCG GNh HdG e CG , mIMGh mS S dP a
.HY gGJ dG g
dG GTCG j NCGh ;kGL YSGh G b dG c SG
, j Y EG j M d UCG jdG Hh ;KMh gGa GQ K ,VQCG
.JSCh d b e dEG j e Y jJ Z fch
j dG{
QhT KK Y
, CdG :Ic
z dGh , jPdGh
( )
...
5253
kfH U W NO , `j GP
dg HCa GG MC
a , L OQh SZ
.. Gg Y d e IOQh
fCG EG j Oc e d
g j dG IOQdG
PEG , Y C`H T M H
,fl fc f Zd
dP SG ,I` g` dG `SC`c
e kGc kGQb NCa kZ dG
.. dG b H bh GdG
, dP AGL e ,dG a
fa ,IjT g dM
H gHEH KCGh ddG Y
..jdG VG dM H
dGh dG dW ZQ
IOQ ` `H T ` ` fCG EG
f M Z a
.JM
7 FGdGh d J b dG UdGh Vh Jb H e Yh Y fCG g
?e jb CG Y H fCG g ? eMCG e be e ? jW VJ dG
dT IQH OhSh , G VH Ie ae Y S dG
UG Jf eEGh Jb f e IOSG Y kGQOb S c , Y fCG e J
JGP Jh , jd dG f e S H Hh ,a J dG fih Y
H a dG J Y QbCG S c , jd Q dG fGLh JLMH YH
.HjEH e edGh Y dH JQOeh
, FdG GdGh GTCG J mVQCG Y le l M lH d l e l LQ c
Y GRCG Me , m H ,k e c , mOM Se edGh , m`g xM j h
a ..FGdG HdG e H k fi kHY O j la e ,AKCG g . GTCG
.jT OhH dG Y q Sh ,JSM H HdG EG G LdG dP
,IFdG g VQCG Jh G H J CG OQCG d :d bh gY dG bJ
d , dG eG L j dG MG Y jJ Me , j c ,h
Y j e VQCG GNh HdG e CG , mIMGh mS S dP a
.HY gGJ dG g
dG GTCG j NCGh ;kGL YSGh G b dG c SG
, j Y EG j M d UCG jdG Hh ;KMh gGa GQ K ,VQCG
.JSCh d b e dEG j e Y jJ Z fch
j dG{
QhT KK Y
, CdG :Ic
z dGh , jPdGh
( )
...
5455
: :
gQGSCG aeh gQZ VN O d ,H dG f c dG ATCG g Ic
SQGh HdG J IQe dG , Y fLCGh gdCG M e H hCG
j SdG H ..ihL h e IFa h ,cCG jf Y S fhHh
.k Y SQ d kjf dG
!! a j kGQhO ,SdG eCG , d QK e j LQ c ,Ie GP fCG j
c OY iCGe Y QdG jh c Y G G NCj a ,bQG Jb d
c :SdG H dCS h ..kGc ke FGQh e j c dG eCG ,LG e
?I dG e LQdG g EG UdG SG
fCGh c Y ,YS H ,kej MCG c kY QdG g c eY :LCG
.QGO JCG
fc Gb CG kjCG dGh , j H kej K jj c G G Gg CG U
. j CG ,BG ,QdG Gg K CG H , H H J
c b{
zj e eG
)( fCG f eY{
h f e f
,f e f
aG g J
z G
( )
G{
G
zCGj
( )
? L dG dJ CG SG c : Hd b{
: a
: b eh , hM :d b ,QbCG : b a :K Y H OQCG c
zL :d b , e : b eh , J :d b ,YCG
( )
...
: : cG S IQe dG
a ,SdG L b e SQGh
dG Jh H K J
hjj e hCG , YCG Ld fCG hCG , a dGh IdG e SfC fCG e kX
, Y kG M d d fLj cCdH fEG , dc d fEG c ..V cT
CG j dG dG bG cCG e j dH dG G a EG ,kL d g H
.fG Gg JGN G j hCG GSQ
: :
SQ Y kFQ kS j JM gCG hCG dG ae EG Q aG EG
e ,eG MG a , MGG L SGQO Nh e j dG EG H ,d
Ve M MGh SGQO Q e hCG IOe O dh H IQGOEG G N
,SQ Y QfhCG f d dG Y K ,f !!JGQeh dG
.REG Yh VdG IM L e EG aj f Uh IQG H aG EG
5455
: :
gQGSCG aeh gQZ VN O d ,H dG f c dG ATCG g Ic
SQGh HdG J IQe dG , Y fLCGh gdCG M e H hCG
j SdG H ..ihL h e IFa h ,cCG jf Y S fhHh
.k Y SQ d kjf dG
!! a j kGQhO ,SdG eCG , d QK e j LQ c ,Ie GP fCG j
c OY iCGe Y QdG jh c Y G G NCj a ,bQG Jb d
c :SdG H dCS h ..kGc ke FGQh e j c dG eCG ,LG e
?I dG e LQdG g EG UdG SG
fCGh c Y ,YS H ,kej MCG c kY QdG g c eY :LCG
.QGO JCG
fc Gb CG kjCG dGh , j H kej K jj c G G Gg CG U
. j CG ,BG ,QdG Gg K CG H , H H J
c b{
zj e eG
)( fCG f eY{
h f e f
,f e f
aG g J
z G
( )
G{
G
zCGj
( )
? L dG dJ CG SG c : Hd b{
: a
: b eh , hM :d b ,QbCG : b a :K Y H OQCG c
zL :d b , e : b eh , J :d b ,YCG
( )
...
: : cG S IQe dG
a ,SdG L b e SQGh
dG Jh H K J
hjj e hCG , YCG Ld fCG hCG , a dGh IdG e SfC fCG e kX
, Y kG M d d fLj cCdH fEG , dc d fEG c ..V cT
CG j dG dG bG cCG e j dH dG G a EG ,kL d g H
.fG Gg JGN G j hCG GSQ
: :
SQ Y kFQ kS j JM gCG hCG dG ae EG Q aG EG
e ,eG MG a , MGG L SGQO Nh e j dG EG H ,d
Ve M MGh SGQO Q e hCG IOe O dh H IQGOEG G N
,SQ Y QfhCG f d dG Y K ,f !!JGQeh dG
.REG Yh VdG IM L e EG aj f Uh IQG H aG EG
5657
: : SCdh kjCG dG SQ e dh
Y gOYG g dG e h
, F G Y UdGh dG
,dG EG L G H gj
Y fCG Y fEG gGj Q`eC`a
jh ,ej b j fCGh , M MCG
Gg O``L ``Qh ,`` aGO `TG`a
M fCH d Z f `eCG
kGQe NEG d jh ,JMW c
.. bh Y H j kgh kf
,eghCGh fX Y f e kGc
GH fh , F G GKCG fh
fCG GH f fCh ,fCG
QJ I`j`L `` ghCG `Y f a
J `jCG CG EG , dG `ghCG
.. ghCGh dG jR J JOc
EG bj fMW H ` eGhO fEG
.jNBGh GdGh dG e dG
: : j ``dG `F`c`dG `e EG
GdG `g dG Y
jdG CG dd ,R` EGh
e dG ` M Y j
j `Y H `eG``dG
IG ` eG` dG ``N `e ```dG
H j g EGh ,k S
j ,YGN jVa
gCG GP YCH e j fCG
QdG YS hD fCG O
. dGh
: : h``c `````j ```gh ````g
,dG `Y aj j
gNDS dG CG X gh
,H dGh ``YCG `jOC`J `Y
bhCG e dG j `fCGh
```aCG ``e ````dGh `````dG
QeCG RE e IOSG
.gYGe
ObdG d e{
eh ,OGG Y
N c GO
z eCG
)(
e hCG d{
zGdG Z
)(
g G{
dG H CG
dGh aJ
z
( )
...
5657
: : SCdh kjCG dG SQ e dh
Y gOYG g dG e h
, F G Y UdGh dG
,dG EG L G H gj
Y fCG Y fEG gGj Q`eC`a
jh ,ej b j fCGh , M MCG
Gg O``L ``Qh ,`` aGO `TG`a
M fCH d Z f `eCG
kGQe NEG d jh ,JMW c
.. bh Y H j kgh kf
,eghCGh fX Y f e kGc
GH fh , F G GKCG fh
fCG GH f fCh ,fCG
QJ I`j`L `` ghCG `Y f a
J `jCG CG EG , dG `ghCG
.. ghCGh dG jR J JOc
EG bj fMW H ` eGhO fEG
.jNBGh GdGh dG e dG
: : j ``dG `F`c`dG `e EG
GdG `g dG Y
jdG CG dd ,R` EGh
e dG ` M Y j
j `Y H `eG``dG
IG ` eG` dG ``N `e ```dG
H j g EGh ,k S
j ,YGN jVa
gCG GP YCH e j fCG
QdG YS hD fCG O
. dGh
: : h``c `````j ```gh ````g
,dG `Y aj j
gNDS dG CG X gh
,H dGh ``YCG `jOC`J `Y
bhCG e dG j `fCGh
```aCG ``e ````dGh `````dG
QeCG RE e IOSG
.gYGe
ObdG d e{
eh ,OGG Y
N c GO
z eCG
)(
e hCG d{
zGdG Z
)(
g G{
dG H CG
dGh aJ
z
( )
...
5859
5859
6061
:
6061
:
6263
d VQ K g fCa SdG Y f e{
zH MCG da
( )
HUh kG J `cCG g MW Y SCG HCG EG
Q ?fCG e :MCG dCj ea , Y HLEG dhfi Y
NG e !!jR hCG M p fCH hCG ,hY hCG jR fCH S
dG ac SH HLEG CG J g , hDG L
d S c a ,dN SG CG g ?JGP Yh dG Y
d fGY SG EG ? Fe hCG kGOH hCG kGQM SG c
EG LN CG H SG NG d , `JGP h M d
JGQbh FH e ae hH d eh ,fdG g
Y Va e CG Qf a Y fDhSCG Va d , gGeh
!Y dG Y kGQOb S
Y Lj ,Gg bS z?fCG e{ GDS Y HLEd PEG
h ,Uh VGh H L H dG f Y J CG
Y j `cCG jU Y j SdG H E`a J
Z eCG j hNBG Y d j e c CG jh ,f
cCG H e UJ JQS Y Y Q H !!bGh
.T Y j
:LQd b{
?bCG dG CG
ae b : a
zH LdG
3
Y j `cCG j`` U Y j Sd G
Z eCG j hNBGBB Y d j e c
cCG H e UJ JQ S Y Y
.
: : 1
6263
d VQ K g fCa SdG Y f e{
zH MCG da
( )
HUh kG J `cCG g MW Y SCG HCG EG
Q ?fCG e :MCG dCj ea , Y HLEG dhfi Y
NG e !!jR hCG M p fCH hCG ,hY hCG jR fCH S
dG ac SH HLEG CG J g , hDG L
d S c a ,dN SG CG g ?JGP Yh dG Y
d fGY SG EG ? Fe hCG kGOH hCG kGQM SG c
EG LN CG H SG NG d , `JGP h M d
JGQbh FH e ae hH d eh ,fdG g
Y Va e CG Qf a Y fDhSCG Va d , gGeh
!Y dG Y kGQOb S
Y Lj ,Gg bS z?fCG e{ GDS Y HLEd PEG
h ,Uh VGh H L H dG f Y J CG
Y j `cCG jU Y j SdG H E`a J
Z eCG j hNBG Y d j e c CG jh ,f
cCG H e UJ JQS Y Y Q H !!bGh
.T Y j
:LQd b{
?bCG dG CG
ae b : a
zH LdG
3
Y j `cCG j`` U Y j Sd G
Z eCG j hNBGBB Y d j e c
cCG H e UJ JQ S Y Y
.
: : 1
6465
! I dG FdG e deCG j c ,dG b ,G V FP FdG H dh
h FdG Mh ..zSCG{ SG LEH Y WCG M ,YdGh edGh SCG fC EG ,SG dP Y WCG e fCG L eV SJ LQH DhcP j OSCG ITe EG , Y d FdG e deCG ITe Jh , dH qZa ,k M
,Q e c K dP iCGQh .bh qeY
f e LCG CG `LQCG :F d a
Fj H `fCG J c ,kG``HCG jS
hJ FdG H fEa , H QGZGh
OSCG H dh ,k M SCG fCc
.kFP J CG hJ
: ja a k`e`j f ```jCGQ `g
Q hCG , JcM H CLJh
h J Q`eC`Hh ,J hCG `fCGh
, b e F J H H J fCG J J
hCG , dG AKCG jd j jc
eR c hCG JdG hCG JU If
Me S g !?j G AKCG d
aG M faj - UTCG e IQ e
MG g Q Jh J `eCG Y -
fCG e kX ,G fi Y gNCJ h , kH d J h ,kegG gJ fCGh
? M d
YdG e ch ? JGP c L Ie c
?Y e eCG eh JS keCe b
Fd J `eh ? f Y JQU `eh
dhM g ? daCG OhOQh bNCGh Jc Sh
b g ? f H QG e f iJ CG
? ke jNBG e j Gh UGdG H SCG
j Gh HY cG bdG e b g
Z Y Y dG J e H Y
?Y j Gh
kFe n :nej H H lfWS db
. S J CG Y U j ?dh j L Y
dha . aCG CG LQ ,a sY EG , eCG j d J e k M :dG WdG HLCa
. W jJ EG ah , Y Q J a , dP f CG
e H e T Qh , T Y J ATCG J fCH kfMCG J CG
JGP e ke J CG h , Jc S fG hCG JaJ LGhORG
MGdG Y EG ..iNCG kfMCG dJh kfMCG d a , jOj NGO U eh
je hCG ge kfMCGh He fEG H ,f dG dH e d e IBGe d e
MCG e c H g c QdG d J a , NGdG SMCGh fY
.H f hCG gjf c
Y N e{
Y N Y
z Z Sfi
( )
: : 1
6465
! I dG FdG e deCG j c ,dG b ,G V FP FdG H dh
h FdG Mh ..zSCG{ SG LEH Y WCG M ,YdGh edGh SCG fC EG ,SG dP Y WCG e fCG L eV SJ LQH DhcP j OSCG ITe EG , Y d FdG e deCG ITe Jh , dH qZa ,k M
,Q e c K dP iCGQh .bh qeY
f e LCG CG `LQCG :F d a
Fj H `fCG J c ,kG``HCG jS
hJ FdG H fEa , H QGZGh
OSCG H dh ,k M SCG fCc
.kFP J CG hJ
: ja a k`e`j f ```jCGQ `g
Q hCG , JcM H CLJh
h J Q`eC`Hh ,J hCG `fCGh
, b e F J H H J fCG J J
hCG , dG AKCG jd j jc
eR c hCG JdG hCG JU If
Me S g !?j G AKCG d
aG M faj - UTCG e IQ e
MG g Q Jh J `eCG Y -
fCG e kX ,G fi Y gNCJ h , kH d J h ,kegG gJ fCGh
? M d
YdG e ch ? JGP c L Ie c
?Y e eCG eh JS keCe b
Fd J `eh ? f Y JQU `eh
dhM g ? daCG OhOQh bNCGh Jc Sh
b g ? f H QG e f iJ CG
? ke jNBG e j Gh UGdG H SCG
j Gh HY cG bdG e b g
Z Y Y dG J e H Y
?Y j Gh
kFe n :nej H H lfWS db
. S J CG Y U j ?dh j L Y
dha . aCG CG LQ ,a sY EG , eCG j d J e k M :dG WdG HLCa
. W jJ EG ah , Y Q J a , dP f CG
e H e T Qh , T Y J ATCG J fCH kfMCG J CG
JGP e ke J CG h , Jc S fG hCG JaJ LGhORG
MGdG Y EG ..iNCG kfMCG dJh kfMCG d a , jOj NGO U eh
je hCG ge kfMCGh He fEG H ,f dG dH e d e IBGe d e
MCG e c H g c QdG d J a , NGdG SMCGh fY
.H f hCG gjf c
Y N e{
Y N Y
z Z Sfi
( )
: : 1
6667
MhQ Y aJ g ?gQGZCG Sh JGP cH dN J MQ e d H
OGh dG J CG kej dhM g ?e c LMGh Lh Yh bh
?H QhdG YdG M g ? Jc S dG
J CG j G` dG cG Y EG
JGQb Y a J ,d J Y EG
fGLh , J Sh HYh , `J``H``jEGh
Jh J H d Y dG
Y Jh , Jb fGL a RJh J ,d
. Y Q dGh dG fGL
g H S dG GdG cCG e EG
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FOeh JGP N dh jG c e IQN S eh JGP J eY
ke bdG Y j d ATCG AGQh Y aCG e IQN dSh ,fh bh
bGQ dh , G e bGj e Y Yh fdG Y H j e IQNh ,H d
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: : 1
1
2
3
4
6667
MhQ Y aJ g ?gQGZCG Sh JGP cH dN J MQ e d H
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fGLh , J Sh HYh , `J``H``jEGh
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g H S dG GdG cCG e EG
gQ H aeh JGd j J g SQG
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. Mh gP jCG JGdG HbQ e d JGd eGMG S j dG Gg
,zf j a{ :Aj d j kS e cCG g qn p f c fU e
j dG SSCG g G d GMa fi gh ,jNBG j :d j h
.d kGj Jh JGd kMh e ZQ , M jCG H j dG ffb gh OdG e
FOeh JGP N dh jG c e IQN S eh JGP J eY
ke bdG Y j d ATCG AGQh Y aCG e IQN dSh ,fh bh
bGQ dh , G e bGj e Y Yh fdG Y H j e IQNh ,H d
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: : 1
1
2
3
4
6869
: 1 G d , ec H f j fCG j - cP S c SdG e dG cG gS ..L H J fCG ZQ ,Y jZ gh Y jZ fCG g IG
fGL Y dGh dG d dH j CG a H fEG C GdG
e dG g ..V fh HYh gGeh JGQb Yh , dGh HjEG
eCG Gg ,dG `CG Gh GQh`dGh dG eGdGh dG
UJ Y j H CH La Qh ,jGhR IY e f jDhQ Y dG Yj
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H CJ dG IdG g Od dGh dGh NBG
edG EG ..dG CG aNGh hdG g
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Z aCG OhOd GSG Y kjH S jNBG
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: : 1
6869
: 1 G d , ec H f j fCG j - cP S c SdG e dG cG gS ..L H J fCG ZQ ,Y jZ gh Y jZ fCG g IG
fGL Y dGh dG d dH j CG a H fEG C GdG
e dG g ..V fh HYh gGeh JGQb Yh , dGh HjEG
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j ea , dG fGL jJh a I dG VGe
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Z aCG OhOd GSG Y kjH S jNBG
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7071
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hCG ,JGP Y eh e `LhR
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c cQG j gh ,j G dOJ gh AT c Y j a ,NBd e c
j CG j cQe Y CGh , dd IQhV fCG J gh YLG SG
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2
gh ,SdG e FNh e gGa ,UG Y J CG fCh ,HQbCG
GPEG G Jh ..UH j h !H j h jNBG e bh kYRe GJ
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: : 1
a ,dM e G`MCGh dG IAGb G SGM Y qj T g
g CG M ,QeCG FbOh UdH jh , bQCGh F Gh SH j
dN Yh ,GMCG e Yh ,(S G) SOdG SM Y dj kUTCG
, GP EG ODj Ggh ,ATCG hM e Y j hCa ,fhj e QJ
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J e e fCGh , kh ke G LhR iJ b SM Y J LhR
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7071
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j e dP N Yh ,a jh
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d ,dG e je fEG EG
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1
2
gh ,SdG e FNh e gGa ,UG Y J CG fCh ,HQbCG
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: : 1
a ,dM e G`MCGh dG IAGb G SGM Y qj T g
g CG M ,QeCG FbOh UdH jh , bQCGh F Gh SH j
dN Yh ,GMCG e Yh ,(S G) SOdG SM Y dj kUTCG
, GP EG ODj Ggh ,ATCG hM e Y j hCa ,fhj e QJ
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7273
G g : j dG
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dG H ..Je Z hCG
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j YG eL dG ijh ,SMCGh YH G G e Wj
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e gh ,bh SCH Y IdGh QeCG M j e UTCG e g
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gH d e AfGh gREH QOa ,H J e QeCG Yh Jj e
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4
dP h ,jh jh LDj SdG H if M ,bH SGh MG d
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. RE j e bdG e
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7273
G g : j dG
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dG H ..Je Z hCG
F H YG QG H KCj
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j YG eL dG ijh ,SMCGh YH G G e Wj
.YGN dG eh k e WdG ij dG CG M , H
e gh ,bh SCH Y IdGh QeCG M j e UTCG e g
SdG eh ..SG QG dG j M Me eeCG GQG jh ijh jj
gH d e AfGh gREH QOa ,H J e QeCG Yh Jj e
3
4
dP h ,jh jh LDj SdG H if M ,bH SGh MG d
g Gj a dG eCGh ,Sd ke bdG CG ij fC bH SG e
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j hG jf
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d ``` G G``g
V a , dG dU
Me fc GQN
IOSG eEHh
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7475
IG jdG e z EG Q`gzh zad jRL{ e l c Vh 1955 Y
a j J Y OdG IYe Xh ,JGdG YdGh dG GQOEd IGOCG jeCG
WoCG ..e HjEG bY AH ch ,jNBG e UGdG dh G d aCG
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e d jNBG aeh a e W Jh JGH OdG Yhh a PdG Gg j
e j eh ,f Lhh Q aCG e kYh kb Y j eh ,HQh , Ye N
dYCH d j eh ,jGf e jjh ,GQe e SQ eh , a OQ hCG c bGe
.e edG JM e j e c QNH , c dP M jNBG YfGh
aJ eh aJ e W J N e J We HQCG e PdG Gg j
HQCG WG g Me J , Y hNBG aj eh aj e e f Y
H fQ e WG g H Oa c H aG KCJ c ,NBG EG Oa e
.kH
aJaJ
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f YJ S Y
;jNBG Me YJh
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e ```aCG ` `L`j
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bGh , f ba , Y
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dG c SG ,H fSG f eEH j EG dH ffEG Y fG
bCG ..VG Gg M dG Sh ,Personalities types test SGh Y e Hh kG kGQNG j de gh ,zOQfd j{ QcdG be Y
EG bO gh ,T H HL bh , Leonard.com.my .dG be.c M
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7475
IG jdG e z EG Q`gzh zad jRL{ e l c Vh 1955 Y
a j J Y OdG IYe Xh ,JGdG YdGh dG GQOEd IGOCG jeCG
WoCG ..e HjEG bY AH ch ,jNBG e UGdG dh G d aCG
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e d jNBG aeh a e W Jh JGH OdG Yhh a PdG Gg j
e j eh ,f Lhh Q aCG e kYh kb Y j eh ,HQh , Ye N
dYCH d j eh ,jGf e jjh ,GQe e SQ eh , a OQ hCG c bGe
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aJ eh aJ e W J N e J We HQCG e PdG Gg j
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aG
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7677
: 1 g J
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. G
: 2 ,T Jh T S dG adGh FGh dG c J
dG G fEG ,jNBd IgX fCG M ,H Yh e Jh Y J dh
Qh jZ eC fEG ,k M .. Y hNBG aj e e f Y e a W j
! e cCG e kGAL UTCG j CG gh , Y jL
jH ```f ` b ` ` fEG
Yh ,e H hCG ,e
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Vh Jb f H ADg YS , khCG Jh j J fi J CG j
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: : 1
7677
: 1 g J
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g Me e OGOJ kMh k Y dOG dGh adH J dG bdGh
. G
: 2 ,T Jh T S dG adGh FGh dG c J
dG G fEG ,jNBd IgX fCG M ,H Yh e Jh Y J dh
Qh jZ eC fEG ,k M .. Y hNBG aj e e f Y e a W j
! e cCG e kGAL UTCG j CG gh , Y jL
jH ```f ` b ` ` fEG
Yh ,e H hCG ,e
if f ,`e J gLh
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fi ` `J ` b ` d dH
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Vh Jb f H ADg YS , khCG Jh j J fi J CG j
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: 3 , Y hNBG aj e e , f Y aJ e W J e G g J
: : 1
7879
Ye e , Y jNBG WEG QNH ZJ h J dG QeCG c J
J , gj hCG j eh , J eh eh , JZQh JMWh deBGh UG
bhCG G g e H jNBG j CG dG Qj eY G g
Y dG Y eY J fCG c ,e JJh h ,e hX hCG
. ke NBH K d hCG QV e kaN kfMCG j
: 4 , Y hNBG aj e e f Y aJ e W J e G g J
dG hCG dG Hbh ,H J dGh , jd e dG bdGh gGG Jh
YhdG e XG G`Gh , b e H eh V Y
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: : 1
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Ye e , Y jNBG WEG QNH ZJ h J dG QeCG c J
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,dG JGQeh JGQb dH Jh f e k KGh J CG G e
UN GQbh gGe Y fl AbUCG e GOTEG JM N S cCdH
e H YCG fCG ,T e cCG e Q J GPEG kUN ,cGh gUQG ,H J
e WQh a Me J H G h ,j dG e M YCa Z
. eCG c kbGh ch ,dG eh
:
ec T Lj
fCH e G CG S kjf
, ZCG a k Y eCG ,e Gd
ee fCch f ,e jEGh q dh
dG , dG H fh CG e
j CG j h A qH c dh dG aj
..kbOUh k M c dh d Lj f CG
f CG eEa !BG G eCG fCGh fCG
hCG , OY Z dG Gg fh ec
kH fCG fh jH f CG
. d Q dG fGL Y
8283
MU ,jNBG c M VGe ,Vf Fb J ,ge YT : eCG
.dEG ...SdG J , d e ,k e kT J h QeCG J ,fi HYO
1-2-3-
1-2-3-
fGG e dG H aY S a
NBG fG H , jd bGh HjEG
dG Q`` eCG dG `fG`G ae `gh
GOdGh , dP f eEHh EG
ad dG FdGh c dGh
.kjCG dP f eEHh ,e dGh
, QeCG Y e Z ,Va : eCG
kT CG`H e c J ,IOGQEG V
... jdG ,cJ K I`a Y Y
.dEG
dG d{
,kGHCG J CG
K J CG H
zjL e J
( )
: : 1
( )
J e Q a ,dN e JGH bdG Y S dG MG g Q dG VGe
.JGdG dGh QdG Ua d J e
SdG H , kec h kee d fCG jGdG e JG ,i`NCG Ie `cPCG
fCG EG ,AfCG EG ddG e e h ec fEG Lj fCG kjf jh eDj
8283
MU ,jNBG c M VGe ,Vf Fb J ,ge YT : eCG
.dEG ...SdG J , d e ,k e kT J h QeCG J ,fi HYO
1-2-3-
1-2-3-
fGG e dG H aY S a
NBG fG H , jd bGh HjEG
dG Q`` eCG dG `fG`G ae `gh
GOdGh , dP f eEHh EG
ad dG FdGh c dGh
.kjCG dP f eEHh ,e dGh
, QeCG Y e Z ,Va : eCG
kT CG`H e c J ,IOGQEG V
... jdG ,cJ K I`a Y Y
.dEG
dG d{
,kGHCG J CG
K J CG H
zjL e J
( )
: : 1
( )
J e Q a ,dN e JGH bdG Y S dG MG g Q dG VGe
.JGdG dGh QdG Ua d J e
SdG H , kec h kee d fCG jGdG e JG ,i`NCG Ie `cPCG
fCG EG ,AfCG EG ddG e e h ec fEG Lj fCG kjf jh eDj
8485
a ,kGMGh kG J h ,kGMGh V fL h ,kGMGh CN d j CG j
fl e Lh Ff e SGh , dG fGL Y a .eG e k Y
J AKCG dhDe e SQ H d YCG Me e hCG , jCG e j dEG
.XdG FGOCG
J {
hY EG V
H J fEa
z a Jh
)(
1-2-3-
1-2-3-
( )
dhG dG YCG
GJ `e `eC`Jh HdG
,hNBG Gj eh H
j fCG J e NGh
.H a HG
kG````MGh kh`````L ` ` V
````H````jEG ``fG```` ``d
jd dGh
1-2-3-
1-2-3-
: : 1
8485
a ,kGMGh kG J h ,kGMGh V fL h ,kGMGh CN d j CG j
fl e Lh Ff e SGh , dG fGL Y a .eG e k Y
J AKCG dhDe e SQ H d YCG Me e hCG , jCG e j dEG
.XdG FGOCG
J {
hY EG V
H J fEa
z a Jh
)(
1-2-3-
1-2-3-
( )
dhG dG YCG
GJ `e `eC`Jh HdG
,hNBG Gj eh H
j fCG J e NGh
.H a HG
kG````MGh kh`````L ` ` V
````H````jEG ``fG```` ``d
jd dGh
1-2-3-
1-2-3-
: : 1
8687
, Y HjEGh G QeCG IFGO SJ :dhCG ,jeCH Qj fEG EG
J :fK .. mRGe Hh dG JOL Ja IOLh k oM OGOd dPh
hNBG S , Jh gjJh dPh Y Gh Q dG fGL
c Cd gJ a AcH e eJ CG G .. dP d kf kjQSG kGQe
SQe .. Y hCG f e hCG h UCG b fCG SdG a f Y T
. Z QSG WdG AcP
,Q dG VGe c S
jdG :KG e ANCG jj d
UdG jda .S G hdGh ,UdG
dG H e Q dG fGH Kj
fCa S G eCG ,d G aGHh
a , Qbh ` JRh JGY j
fGL ae `U`G QG Qh``H
.IhGdG aGH d Qb
H f j S G hdG EG
HYh `F``NCG `Y a IhG` ` dG
bh j a , V jh d
dP jh , Y Q dG WGe d
h k`e e V j a IhGdG aGH
gh ..Ic HjEH dG FGjEG ZQ eCG Gg e edG j dd ;AK
d hc Z d fG Qh , Z MCG d j Q d c dG ANCG
H d j e NCG j Gd .d f JhGYh Mh ,d J H G fCGh
LCG a g eCG , dG f dGh dG j g eh ,jJh d G
J fCG M , Y HdG S c Q H , fO h jO j a f
aGhOh ,kjCG JM e NCJh Lh bh M Y dG QGe bJh
a J SH eCG SQh J H ,H Yh Y eO e J d dG
.dG JOL h N e kGAL Gf d jNBG
e J {
e H M
H hCG , Y fCG
GPEG fEa , a e
eP e Z
z a d
) (
j G{
cCG FGYCG e
e gG j
zFbUCG
( )
: : 1
8687
, Y HjEGh G QeCG IFGO SJ :dhCG ,jeCH Qj fEG EG
J :fK .. mRGe Hh dG JOL Ja IOLh k oM OGOd dPh
hNBG S , Jh gjJh dPh Y Gh Q dG fGL
c Cd gJ a AcH e eJ CG G .. dP d kf kjQSG kGQe
SQe .. Y hCG f e hCG h UCG b fCG SdG a f Y T
. Z QSG WdG AcP
,Q dG VGe c S
jdG :KG e ANCG jj d
UdG jda .S G hdGh ,UdG
dG H e Q dG fGH Kj
fCa S G eCG ,d G aGHh
a , Qbh ` JRh JGY j
fGL ae `U`G QG Qh``H
.IhGdG aGH d Qb
H f j S G hdG EG
HYh `F``NCG `Y a IhG` ` dG
bh j a , V jh d
dP jh , Y Q dG WGe d
h k`e e V j a IhGdG aGH
gh ..Ic HjEH dG FGjEG ZQ eCG Gg e edG j dd ;AK
d hc Z d fG Qh , Z MCG d j Q d c dG ANCG
H d j e NCG j Gd .d f JhGYh Mh ,d J H G fCGh
LCG a g eCG , dG f dGh dG j g eh ,jJh d G
J fCG M , Y HdG S c Q H , fO h jO j a f
aGhOh ,kjCG JM e NCJh Lh bh M Y dG QGe bJh
a J SH eCG SQh J H ,H Yh Y eO e J d dG
.dG JOL h N e kGAL Gf d jNBG
e J {
e H M
H hCG , Y fCG
GPEG fEa , a e
eP e Z
z a d
) (
j G{
cCG FGYCG e
e gG j
zFbUCG
( )
: : 1
8889
2 ``fG`` ` a` ` ` ` cG ````H
JGQ H aeh T
WGeh H J eh gGeh
Lh , Y dGh I dG
fL EG dG JM
H , Y jNBG Me
gCG J dJ IN e
, JGP J gh b dG Y
Y ``a`Y `e CG J `g
dG iG j f
? dP e cCH J g ? b e QJ c cCG CG bCG g g ?dEG J dG
cG g ?H bdGh dcEG Y j fCH J T fGL g g
?e dH ZJ S GOY
P e dG Vh fQ e CGJ dG SCG e dGh dG
e d hCG ,M ISCGh YCG ke J Ih d c AGS , d SQ UN
CG ZJh U hCG ,Y CGb hCG JUY UTCG IY e bG G
.H J
J Le e fQ e Y IG Gg j d , b k e j dG Gg
a G PE`Hh,`jGQOh YH f VhJh HJh QJ fCa GHh ,H f
YS BG M dEG Uh eh , JM QGhOC ech eT H S zGQG{
. dP Y
3 Me gh CG ,HdGh dG e dG a jh ,e MQ dP H CGS
IYb EG J IjL jDhQ AH N e dPh , T jh AH IOYEG
bO aeh MW iDhQh U b
GOYh FW cG EG S .. JGQ H
H ZJ GO`Yh FW Jh ,L
EG MG g , T d
G`Lh GDSh c Sh jf fGL
.HdGh IG
IHGh dGh IHGh eCG IAG dG EG
T d jW T Y YS
ie `aQh ,`L`YG e a e Jh
.dG JOL
ch ,I`MGh HGh ,`MGh HG Ld c
, G eO dGh ,IQdG M ddG
( )
dG EG{
Gh , dH
j eh , dH
eh ,j G
zbj dG qj
( )
: : 1
8889
2 ``fG`` ` a` ` ` ` cG ````H
JGQ H aeh T
WGeh H J eh gGeh
Lh , Y dGh I dG
fL EG dG JM
H , Y jNBG Me
gCG J dJ IN e
, JGP J gh b dG Y
Y ``a`Y `e CG J `g
dG iG j f
? dP e cCH J g ? b e QJ c cCG CG bCG g g ?dEG J dG
cG g ?H bdGh dcEG Y j fCH J T fGL g g
?e dH ZJ S GOY
P e dG Vh fQ e CGJ dG SCG e dGh dG
e d hCG ,M ISCGh YCG ke J Ih d c AGS , d SQ UN
CG ZJh U hCG ,Y CGb hCG JUY UTCG IY e bG G
.H J
J Le e fQ e Y IG Gg j d , b k e j dG Gg
a G PE`Hh,`jGQOh YH f VhJh HJh QJ fCa GHh ,H f
YS BG M dEG Uh eh , JM QGhOC ech eT H S zGQG{
. dP Y
3 Me gh CG ,HdGh dG e dG a jh ,e MQ dP H CGS
IYb EG J IjL jDhQ AH N e dPh , T jh AH IOYEG
bO aeh MW iDhQh U b
GOYh FW cG EG S .. JGQ H
H ZJ GO`Yh FW Jh ,L
EG MG g , T d
G`Lh GDSh c Sh jf fGL
.HdGh IG
IHGh dGh IHGh eCG IAG dG EG
T d jW T Y YS
ie `aQh ,`L`YG e a e Jh
.dG JOL
ch ,I`MGh HGh ,`MGh HG Ld c
, G eO dGh ,IQdG M ddG
( )
dG EG{
Gh , dH
j eh , dH
eh ,j G
zbj dG qj
( )
: : 1
9091
XCa ,eC Ie Y IBGe ke Gf PEG ,W gh j GP j fc Hh
,dH NCG QaG J CG J h ,dG a , e H Z ddG
f Ye dG a ..H jJ g EG ( dP QdG dh) db e c CG Xh
EG H j CG j AH j fCH ,Xe gh ,JGh ,NCG e QCd ,HCG
OOh :d bh , Z e Y Yh bh ,kL gHCG Ma ,fEG
fCG eCGh , c S AH dL J a ,H j fCG eCG , j c IBGG EG f d
. Fa e H J , dL J a H j
4 QGSGh , Y dG fGL QJ Y JQbh ,bG fGH ae EG
j J Y QbCG j ,
```eCG G````gh ..``````eG```MGh ````JGP
bGeh G` dG GMa ;Qh``V
jM `cCG d JGdG
bGe Y S fC ,QJ
f He EG H fGh SdG
HGH G` dG G`MG PEG ..gjJh
,e NS ``dG I`` `dG IO````dG
e d d Ne G` dG G``MGh
hH T e fGh f
. d GN h e
j e{
zLGj
( )
: : 1
9091
XCa ,eC Ie Y IBGe ke Gf PEG ,W gh j GP j fc Hh
,dH NCG QaG J CG J h ,dG a , e H Z ddG
f Ye dG a ..H jJ g EG ( dP QdG dh) db e c CG Xh
EG H j CG j AH j fCH ,Xe gh ,JGh ,NCG e QCd ,HCG
OOh :d bh , Z e Y Yh bh ,kL gHCG Ma ,fEG
fCG eCGh , c S AH dL J a ,H j fCG eCG , j c IBGG EG f d
. Fa e H J , dL J a H j
4 QGSGh , Y dG fGL QJ Y JQbh ,bG fGH ae EG
j J Y QbCG j ,
```eCG G````gh ..``````eG```MGh ````JGP
bGeh G` dG GMa ;Qh``V
jM `cCG d JGdG
bGe Y S fC ,QJ
f He EG H fGh SdG
HGH G` dG G`MG PEG ..gjJh
,e NS ``dG I`` `dG IO````dG
e d d Ne G` dG G``MGh
hH T e fGh f
. d GN h e
j e{
zLGj
( )
: : 1
9293
:
( )
9293
:
( )
9495
: : 2.kf dP j h JdH e dha , Vh d j M dG
dG JCGh ..SCG jf Y b ch , Qjf d dG Qbh
dG dG Y i dG KQ dGh bGdG hdG bh a ,IG g fl fc d
JNCa ,Vh Y dCSh XH JG KEG j h . gCGh WdG Y dG
,L a QG dH e d ,j dG hd SCe fCGh ,g c VdG CG
fCG h`NCGh IQ d HdG dG H gH JG K ,kf e Jhfi
Y e fCGh ,UG f Y SQGdG hCG G UTCH a j
.H G gh cT
IQdG MU e W hdG e T H , j VdGh G Hh : j
LY CH Th ,JM GMCG J e gPh , e YCGh dG ANEG
.dGh dG Y ke
,LQN VGZCGh T KCG Gec bh dG eCH Lah eG e LQ
jdG dG H T fH ch ,H KQ H T ..eSG e G Wh
a , a dG e QOCG fCGh bdGh dG KCG eCG Lh ,e SQj
Hh , e e dG e H KQc fEG ..L he h d f JGg h gCG
Th ,FG e gH e fg hdG e CG EG kGjT k e e SCdG
. S h Wh H J CG IQG
bh M d fCG NCG ,KCG d fl MT bCG H e ,AG h
,j gh e SQj Hj T e bh ,KKCGh fCG M dG Ne fH
I H j Y jh ,j LJ d , e Lj jU j jJ : jh
Dont give up...SCJ SCJ :OOj gh?jCG EG : a ,KKCG M cdG e W
HG : a , jeCG eG SGQO AKCG d VJ jY eR KM
SdG H jeCG SGQ d jdG cT b e
j d bGdG hdG b dP ch , f G
dG dG dG h :MU j .H
h SGQdG dG e fG hdG a bh
gd e H J gh ,HG L NCG
e dh f GQ G NCG Zdh ,eCG
fL EG , hCG SGQdG dG jNBG IJSCG
.dG IRLEH Sd M
Xe H JG YSCG hCG SCH hdG bh
,G dG He `Y hD```G G `e
,dG dH e jd e CH JNCGh
EG j eG dG b j J CG M
JNCa ,dG GQ G e CG OLe Z fCG
. hCG dG J `YCGh OG`G S CG
ahe Y bS :d H XG JCLa
9495
: : 2.kf dP j h JdH e dha , Vh d j M dG
dG JCGh ..SCG jf Y b ch , Qjf d dG Qbh
dG dG Y i dG KQ dGh bGdG hdG bh a ,IG g fl fc d
JNCa ,Vh Y dCSh XH JG KEG j h . gCGh WdG Y dG
,L a QG dH e d ,j dG hd SCe fCGh ,g c VdG CG
fCG h`NCGh IQ d HdG dG H gH JG K ,kf e Jhfi
Y e fCGh ,UG f Y SQGdG hCG G UTCH a j
.H G gh cT
IQdG MU e W hdG e T H , j VdGh G Hh : j
LY CH Th ,JM GMCG J e gPh , e YCGh dG ANEG
.dGh dG Y ke
,LQN VGZCGh T KCG Gec bh dG eCH Lah eG e LQ
jdG dG H T fH ch ,H KQ H T ..eSG e G Wh
a , a dG e QOCG fCGh bdGh dG KCG eCG Lh ,e SQj
Hh , e e dG e H KQc fEG ..L he h d f JGg h gCG
Th ,FG e gH e fg hdG e CG EG kGjT k e e SCdG
. S h Wh H J CG IQG
bh M d fCG NCG ,KCG d fl MT bCG H e ,AG h
,j gh e SQj Hj T e bh ,KKCGh fCG M dG Ne fH
I H j Y jh ,j LJ d , e Lj jU j jJ : jh
Dont give up...SCJ SCJ :OOj gh?jCG EG : a ,KKCG M cdG e W
HG : a , jeCG eG SGQO AKCG d VJ jY eR KM
SdG H jeCG SGQ d jdG cT b e
j d bGdG hdG b dP ch , f G
dG dG dG h :MU j .H
h SGQdG dG e fG hdG a bh
gd e H J gh ,HG L NCG
e dh f GQ G NCG Zdh ,eCG
fL EG , hCG SGQdG dG jNBG IJSCG
.dG IRLEH Sd M
Xe H JG YSCG hCG SCH hdG bh
,G dG He `Y hD```G G `e
,dG dH e jd e CH JNCGh
EG j eG dG b j J CG M
JNCa ,dG GQ G e CG OLe Z fCG
. hCG dG J `YCGh OG`G S CG
ahe Y bS :d H XG JCLa
9697
cdG fh ,YGj NCGh .. QeCG M e S M T EG : b
. Y KKCG
J CG j d , c J M SGQdG SQ d HJCS : b H h
. eCG EG Xh hCG Xh Y
IJcdG MCG e MH Yc Y eG h , e dH J J M
.GhCG ZCG e Y AG h , Y IOe e LG dGh
JCG M ..IQdG b e h G b e dG V M h TCG e
Wh ,Jg bQ gYCGh JCG kT CG G edG NCGh jCG e j
Y aJ kjOS keR c bh H JGh dG aY ,H JCG CG e
. d iL Sh Y HCG c ?fCG jCG : bh , dG SGQO jGH
.IYe e jQCG :d a
. eCG W : b
hfi a ,HG dG cdG O dG hDG a Jg bQ jQCG : b
.J Y JGh QdG
JGh ,UG e bQ Gg : b kj J ej Hh ... S eCG Gg : a
.jJ NCGh
NCGh ,TCG S e be H CH CLJh ,kGL kW O dG OQ ch JG
CG JNCGh ,j dG gCG Y dCSh , SCeh jM fCGh , e dH H Y fCH
.IYe bhCG d H fCG J QNCG
da dG bh IOdH ZQ EGh , H Hh , NCG hCG HCG YG : b
JG e Wh H JG a dG UH eCG ,dG j EG J
.kMU dG eh LQ KCH G L d aSh , H
.f dG J e c aOh , G H JG dHh
e b qj a Gj h , q Y H J e c d aOh HdG jd gPh
T hCG , j hCG ,j TCG IY I fCG cPCG dRe .M
H SdG aj e d gj ch , JG QGb Y H
.kFGQ c c ...f
j d dhMh ,HdG aaR YOh hJ
e FN Shda ,QYGh j dG JQjd JYO ,eCG
gH d H IOe dGRe fCG e kX .j d dG H
. g H dGh zHO{ `d Lhdh d ebEGh cGH IH
dG dG GH d HdG dG Gg H `dG e
edG . NGdG dG ee fEG ? jdG H dGh
d h a d kG M d bG d AadGh dGh IdGh
.hNBG Y jh SfCG gj fc b d ,eC h
c ,QUh Qc jc UTCG e Ye T f N
,d dH gCH j dG dG jh ASH e dG b Y kVGh
M e ddG jM CG Gh ..Gc Ve j H j G c
fEa Lh EG dGh ,H HdG YdG d gdG dH j e TCG VG Gg
. ec Z Yh
eCG ,f dG G S JBeh QeCG bGY{
zjOdG b a dYCG
( )
: : 2
9697
cdG fh ,YGj NCGh .. QeCG M e S M T EG : b
. Y KKCG
J CG j d , c J M SGQdG SQ d HJCS : b H h