COGNITIVE COMPUTING

Submitted to : Ms. Prachi Gupta

Ms.Neha Gupta

Submitted By :Anmol NijhawanSection B1308210017

Content

• What do we mean by term Cognitive?• What is cognitive Computing?• Brain inspired architecture• Cognitive Computing is combination of principles of

Neuroscience ,Nanotechnology, and Supercomputing• Neuroscience• Nanotechnology• Super Computing• Event driven non von Neumann architecture• Cognitive Computing Power Efficient architecture• Technologies integrated in cognitive computing• IBM Watson

What do we mean by term Cognitive?

The Cognitive is the mental action to learning and acquiring through thought, experience, and the senses .

What Is Cognitive Computing?•  Cognitive computing involves the systems that

can analyse , memorise ,processing to mimic the way the human brain works.

• The basic idea behind this type of computing is that to develop the computer systems (include hardware and software) who interacts with human like humans.

• These computer can recognize ,understand ,analyze and take out the best possible result as or near about the human brain.

Brain Inspired Architecture• Cognitive computing is the synthesis of

software and silicon inspired by brain.

• The Cognitive computing chip, designed to emulate the neurons and synapses (connections) in the human brain.

• Brain-inspired architecture consists of a network of 4096 neurosynaptic cores include neurons and synapse.

•  Individual cores can fail and yet, like the brain, the architecture can still function.

Cognitive Computing is combination of principles of

Neuroscience ,Nanotechnology,and Supercomputing

Neuroscience•Neuroscience deals with the study mind ,

study of the neural systems.• The architecture of the cognitive computing

devices is same as a architecture of brain.• The devices based on this architecture consist

of the electronic neurons and synapse and are called Neurosynaptic chips. •There inner network is like brain

network.

Mammalian brain architecture

Scientists are installing processors and network between the processors as like this brain network to achieve

the human brain capabilities.

Nanotechnology• As we know nanotechnology is

science in which material size of 10 to the power -9 meter.• We need to embed large number of

processors and synapse to build the system like the human brain• So to embed the large number of

processor over the chips is done with the help of the nanotechnology.• Built on 45 nanometer silicon/metal

oxide semiconductor platform, chips have 5.4 billion transistors 256 million synapse.

Cognitive chips made by IBM

Called as IBM's "Neurosynaptic" using

nanotechnology

Super Computing• Cognitive Computing develops the brain like

computers and as our brain have high performance capacity .• So to achieve such high performance

supercomputing algorithm and hardware needs in cognitive computing. • As same as supercomputers we calculate the

performance of the cognitive computing devices FLOPS(Floating point operations per seconds).

In this way Neuroscience , Nanotechnology and Supercomputing collectively form a cognitive computing.

Event Driven non Von Neumann Architecture

•  Cognitive Computing machine operate -without a clock- in an event-driven fashion.

• This new neurosynaptic chip is event-driven and operates only when it needs to, resulting in a cooler operating environment and lower energy use.

• Non Von Neumann architecture is that it embed the memory with processing unit which is different

The chip is especially designed for low power consumption, which can clearly be seen in this thermal image that shows the cool cognitive chip is in blue color and heat up traditional chip in red.

Cognitive computing brings Power Efficient architecture

• This new architecture represents a critical shift away form today's traditional von Neumann computers, to extremely power-efficient architecture.

• It integrates memory with processors, and it is fundamentally massively parallel and distributed as well as event-driven, so it begins to rival the brain's function, power and space.“

•  Goal is to build a chip system with 10 billion neurons and 100 trillion synapses that consumes just one kilowatt-hour of electricity .

Technologies integrated in Cognitive computing to mimic capabilities of

Human brain?

• Parallel Computing •Data Mining•Machine Learning•Natural Language Processing

Parallel Computing

• Human brain do not works in the sequential format i.e. it doesn't performs the thing one by one but it do all the things in parallely.

• So using parallel computing we allow the cognitive machines adapts the parallel architecture and parallel algorithms.

• To cognitive computing chips have 256 million neurons, an array of 256 by 256 (or a total of 65536) synapses(connection in brain).

• With this cognitive computing chips have gained the capability to work like the human brains.

Data Mining in Cognitive Computing

• Cognitive Computing provides the data analytic capabilities.

•We are generating 2.5 quintillion bytes of data every day.

• Today we have very large amount of data which is in terabytes, petabyte and in future we will have it in zeta or yottabyte which is noisy and unstructured data.

• So to get the best possible results or knowledge, data mining is introduced in cognitive computing .

Machine Learning

• Machine learning is a subfield of computer science that evolved from the study of pattern recognition and computational learning theory in artificial intelligence.

• Cognitive systems with this learn with experience , its input and output data.

• It is the field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed.

Natural Language Processing• Processing of the human generated language by computer.

• Natural language processing (NLP) is a field of computer science, artificial intelligence, and computational linguistics concerned with the interactions between computers and human (natural) languages.

• These cognitive system take the input in the human understandable language process it with NLP algorithms and give the results in human understandable language.

• To get data from the internet which have large amount of data in natural language cognitive chips use NLP .

IBM Watson• IBM Watson is cognitive computing

machine made by the IBM.• It is a question answer based

machine.• Uses natural language processing to

understand grammar and context.• Evaluates all possible meanings and

determines what is being asked.• And than answer based on

supporting evidence and quality of information found.

Conclusion• Cognitive Computing is very important for the future with the lots

of data.

• Each and every professional on this planet will become master of his field with the cognitive assistant.

• Helps to make a correct decision by parse lots of data.

• These type of machines give data smartly in less time.

• Provides enterprise intelligent systems.

• Helps to build a smarter planet.

Bibliography

• http://www.research.ibm.com/cognitive-computing/#fbid=zid-3nqoVLV• http://www.research.ibm.com/cognitive-computing/

brainpower/#different_from_a_standard_chip_noscript• http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/ibmwatson/• http://venturebeat.com/2011/08/17/ibm-cognitive-

computing-chips/• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning• http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2011-08/first-

generation-cognitive-chips-based-brain-architecture-will-revolutionize-computing-ibm-says

Thank You