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For EPS Thursday Meeting. (English Presentation Space)
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Daniel – EPS 2010
How GPS WorksHow GPS Works
What does GPS stand for again?
GPS = Global Positioning System
Trilateration
Measuring distance
Accuracy of time and location of satellites
TrilaterationA method for determining the intersections
of three sphere surfaces given the centers
and radii of the three spheres.
Trilateration Triangulation
Simplifying the problemLet’s assume several factors for easy
understanding.
GPS Satellites are on the ground (3D 2D)
We know the exact location of satellites
We can calculate the distance from each of the
satellites
Your location is somewhere on the circumference of the
circle.
Satellite
1
200km
Start with first satellite
Your location must be one of the intersection. (Point A
or B)
Satellite
1
200km
Satellite
2
50k
m
B
A
Second satellite gives two points
Satellite
1
200km
Satellite
2
50k
m
B
A
Satellite
3
150km
Now you know you are on point A.
Third satellite sets the location
Real trilateration in 3D space
The intersection of two sphere is circle. (not two points
as in 2D)
Real trilateration in 3D space
Knowing the distances from three satellites gives you
two points.
Speed Equation
GPS receiver uses speed equation to
calculate the distance to satellites
Distance = Speed ×
Duration
(Time)
Example of speed equationIf you don’t know the distance between pitcher and catcher,
you can calculate it with the speed and duration of the ball
Speed : 150km/h
Distance ???
150km/h ≈ 40m/s
If it took 1 second, the distance is about 40m.
GPS satellites use radio signalInstead of throwing balls, the GPS satellites
send radio wave and GPS receivers catch them.
Radio wave fly at the same speed of light.
(about 300,000 km/s)
Signal from GPS satellitesEach satellites continually transmits messages including :
the time the message was transmitted
presise orbital information (location of itself, ephemeris)
rough orbits of all GPS satellites (the almanac)
Precise calculation of time
• The key idea of positioning by GPS is
‘Trilateration’
• Two factors for trilateration
1. the location of each satellite (at least three
satellites)
2. the distance from the satellite
• Distance = speed of light × duration time
• Satellites send radio signal including time and
location