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CGIAR Research Program
Livestock and Fish II
Research outputs to global development goals
MDGs - SDGs
12-18 years CGIAR SLOs CRP goals
Common IDOs + Target statements + Theory of Change
9-12 years
Value Chain Impact Pathway VC1 Egypt VC2 Uganda VC3 India etc.
Δ behaviour direct benefit 3-yr milestones
0-12 years
CRP Activities + Outputs (research, capacity building, engagement)
IPG Impact Pathway Enabling
Environment 3-yr milestones
Common IDOs across CRPs
• Productivity (crop/system/ food system) • Food security • Nutrition and Health • Income • Gender • Capacity to innovate • Risk Management (adaptive capacity) • Policies – enabling environment/ institutions • Environment • Future Options • Climate
Research outputs to global development goals MDGs - SDGs
12-18 years SLO1 Reduce Poverty
CRP goals
IDO6 Better policies 9-12 years
Value Chain Impact Pathway
0-12 years
CRP Activities + Outputs • Actionable options • Engagement/transformation Process • Evidence base
IPG Impact Pathway
SLO2 Food Security
SLO3 Nutrition & Health
SLO4 Environment
IDO5 Environmental benefits
IDO4 Reduce nutrient gap
IDO3 More employment &
income, esp. for women
IDO1 Improved productivity
IDO2 More & better supply
IDO7 More forage?
Theory of Change assumptions • Addressing whole value chain will improve relevance, uptake and
effectiveness of innovations. • Focus and targeting will increase efficiency and the probability of
achieving proof at scale. • Implementation of demand-driven innovations in the right value
chains with the right partners will accelerate the program’s progress towards achieving outcomes and impact.
• A significant number of pre-commercial smallholders can become market-oriented and intensify production sustainably.
• Pro-poor value chains can compete and generate sufficient incentives to promote investment in intensification.
• The poor rely on animal-source food produced locally by smallholders and from less formal marketing channels.
• The poor will consume more ASF if availability, access and affordability of products improve from those systems.
• Increased and equitable consumption of ASF will improve nutrition and health.
Our engagement in a value chain embodies our impact pathway
Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
Year 1 Year 8-12
Program horizon in a target value chain
Re
lati
ve d
egr
ee
of
invo
lve
me
nt Research
partners
Development partners
Assessment Mobilization Best bets
Experiments Evaluation Evidence
Design Piloting
Lessons Context
Advocacy Dissemination
Attracting investment
Implementing large-scale interventions
Knowledge partner
Along the impact pathway
Increased number of healthy pigs
Safe pork and pork products
Increased number of off take
Improved income from piggery Increased income
from other enterprises
Better coordination of value chain actors
Increased adoption of technologies
Equitable distribution of income
Better access to markets
PR
OG
RA
M
OU
TPU
T
General assumptions Inputs are available and accessible, Partners are interested and have the resources to scale out
the technologies, Good communication strategies, There is sufficient demand, The pig sector takes priority in the policy framework, The right partners are identified, Different stakeholders are willing to be part of the IP General risk i. Religious biases remain
Assumptions i. There is adequate demand for pigs ii. Farmers are willing to increase investment in
piggery iii. There are favorable market conditions. Risk Disease outbreaks
Better prices
Assumptions
No backlash from equitable
distribution of income
Assumption Farmers will adapt the improved protocols Farmers are aware of safe pork. Risk Mismanagement/misinterpretation of
information on ASF
Assumption Incomes are invested in household nutrition Farmers are aware of what constitutes good diets
Assumption
i. Awareness of negative environmental impacts of poorly managed piggery
RE
SE
AR
CH
OU
TC
OM
ES
INT
ER
ME
DIA
TE
O
UT
CO
ME
S
Better animal health approaches
Improved feeds and feeding methods
Innovative pig husbandry and pig management
Better breeds and breeding methods
Strong pig farmer groups
Policy briefs
Innovative linkages to credit providers
Incorporation of gender in value chains
Increased information on technologies
Improved food security Reduced
poverty
Improved nutrition
and health
Sustainable management of
natural resources
Less air and water pollution
SL
Os
Innovative linkages to pig markets
Improved profits (VC actors)
Improved diets
Uganda Smallholder Pig Value Chain Impact Pathway
Par
tici
pat
ory
Imp
act
Pat
hw
ays
An
alys
is
Safe pork and pork products
Increased number of off take
Improved income from piggery
Better coordination of value chain actors
Equitable distribution of income
Better access to markets
PR
OG
RA
M
OU
TPU
T
General assumptions Inputs are available and accessible, Partners are interested and have the resources to scale out the
technologies, Good communication strategies, There is sufficient demand, The pig sector takes priority in the policy framework, The right partners are identified, Different stakeholders are willing to be part of the IP General risk i. Religious biases remain
Assumptions i. There is adequate demand for pigs ii. Farmers are willing to increase investment in
piggery iii. There are favorable market conditions. Risk Disease outbreaks
Better prices
Assumptions
No backlash from equitable
distribution of income
Assumption Farmers will adapt the improved protocols Farmers are aware of safe pork. Risk Mismanagement/misinterpretation of
information on ASF
Assumption Incomes are invested in household nutrition Farmers are aware of what constitutes good diets
Assumption
i. Awareness of negative environmental impacts of poorly managed piggery
RE
SE
AR
CH
OU
TC
OM
ES
INT
ER
ME
DIA
TE
O
UT
CO
ME
S
Better animal health approaches
Improved feeds and feeding methods
Innovative pig husbandry and pig management
Better breeds and breeding methods
Strong pig farmer groups
Policy briefs
Incorporation of gender in value chains
Increased information on technologies
Reduced poverty Improved nutrition and
health SL
Os
Innovative linkages to pig markets
Improved profits (VC actors)
Improved diets
Innovative linkages to credit providers
Increased number of healthy pigs
Increased adoption of technologies
Less air and water pollution
Increased income from other enterprises
Sustainable NRM Food security
Uganda Smallholder Pig Value Chain Impact Pathway
Increased number of healthy pigs
Safe pork and pork products
Increased number of off take
Improved income from piggery Increased income
from other enterprises
Better coordination of value chain actors
Increased adoption of technologies
Equitable distribution of income
Better access to markets
PR
OG
RA
M
OU
TPU
T
General assumptions Inputs are available and accessible, Partners are interested and have the resources to scale out
the technologies, Good communication strategies, There is sufficient demand, The pig sector takes priority in the policy framework, The right partners are identified, Different stakeholders are willing to be part of the IP General risk i. Religious biases remain
Assumptions i. There is adequate demand for pigs ii. Farmers are willing to increase investment in
piggery iii. There are favorable market conditions. Risk Disease outbreaks
Better prices
Assumptions
No backlash from equitable
distribution of income
Assumption Farmers will adapt the improved protocols Farmers are aware of safe pork. Risk Mismanagement/misinterpretation of
information on ASF
Assumption Incomes are invested in household nutrition Farmers are aware of what constitutes good diets
Assumption
i. Awareness of negative environmental impacts of poorly managed piggery
RE
SE
AR
CH
OU
TC
OM
ES
INT
ER
ME
DIA
TE
O
UT
CO
ME
S
Better animal health approaches
Improved feeds and feeding methods
Innovative pig husbandry and pig management
Better breeds and breeding methods
Strong pig farmer groups
Policy briefs
Innovative linkages to credit providers
Incorporation of gender in value chains
Increased information on technologies
Improved food security Reduced
poverty
Improved nutrition
and health
Sustainable management of
natural resources
Less air and water pollution
SL
Os
Innovative linkages to pig markets
Improved profits (VC actors)
Improved diets
Uganda Smallholder Pig Value Chain Impact Pathway
Par
tici
pat
ory
Imp
act
Pat
hw
ays
An
alys
is
Sequencing? Who to implement? Who to target? Changes in behaviour?
PIGS
AQUACULTURE
SHEEP & GOATS
DAIRY
Exploiting opportunities to prepare regional scaling-out Comment on ‘Focus, focus, focus’
IDO Metrics
1. Increased livestock and fish productivity in small-scale production systems for the target commodities (SLO1 and SLO2)
• Uganda and Vietnam – yields / animal of pig meat; percentage pig mortality;
• Ethiopia and Mali – yields of small ruminant meat; flock mortality; kidding rate;
• Tanzania and India – dairy yields per animal; • Egypt and Bangladesh – fish yields per
hectare; • Nicaragua – beef and dairy yields per animal
and per hectare
2. Increased quantity and improved quality of the target commodity supplied from the target small-scale production and marketing systems (SLO1 and SLO2)
• Quantity, by commodity yields per animal and per unit of land or time, stratified by target systems
• Market-level volume • Quality by real unit prices
Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs)
IDO Metrics
3. Increased employment and income for low income actors in the target value chains, with an increased share of employment for and income controlled by low-income women (SLO1 and SLO3)
• Increased income among poor people, disaggregated by sex and age.
• Higher share of women reporting greater control of income from value chain participation.
• Increased employment in the target value chains, disaggregated by sex, age and poverty status.
4. Increase consumption of the target commodity responsible for filling a larger share of the nutrient gap for the poor, particularly for nutritionally vulnerable populations (women of reproductive age and young children)
• Higher Individual Dietary Diversity Index (IDDI); higher Household Dietary Diversity Index (HDDI)
• Better health and nutrition status of children under five years: Wasting: % of children under 5 years
falling under -2 standards deviations of weight for age (%).
Stunting: % of children under 5 less than -2 standard deviations of mean height for age.
Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs)
IDO Metrics
5. Lower environment impacts in the target value chains (SLO4)
• Quantities of greenhouse gases (methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide) in each value chain; solid wastes in swine and dairy
6. Policies (including investments) support the development of small-scale production and marketing systems, and seek to increase the participation of women within these (SLO2 and SLO4)
• Public spending on value chains, as shares of national public spending; quality of spending on public goods in value chains, as share of spending on all goods in the value chains
• Private investment in the value chains • Number of prominent policy reforms
7. Improve yield potential of major feeds and forages (SLO1, SLO2, SLO4)
• Yield potential per unit of land in environments representative of the given value chains
• Uses and yields of improved materials in environments representative of the given value chains
Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs)
Defining IDO targets
1. What is the adoption domain?
2. What is the best indicator?
• Seek to align with other CRPs
3. What is a reasonable change in indicator?
• Bio-economic modeling
4. What is a reasonable number of beneficiaries?
• Existing examples
Defining IDO targets
Flagship Projects
1. Building a Livestock and Fish Genetics Platform.
2. Improving animal health 3. Reducing the environmental costs of
animal production. 4. Developing new biotechnologies for
animal nutrition. 5. Sustaining feed-based intensification of
animal production. 6. Reducing gender disparities. 7. Transforming selected value chains
Flagship: Building a Livestock & Fish Genetics Platform
Platform of scientific competencies of ILRI, World Fish, NARS and ARI partners
Objective: to build an integrated animal genetic improvement and innovative delivery program for emerging small and medium- scale market-oriented livestock and fish production systems
Livestock & Fish Genetics Platform Short and medium term: a) identification of desired genetic livestock and fish products and
initiation of sustained improvement programs within value chains b) supporting farmers to access desired genetics in cost-effective
manners c) applying a combination of conventional and emerging genomic
and information technologies to determine and promote best genetics from existing populations for the different production systems;
d) formation of genetic improvement and delivery platforms to systematically improve and deliver desired genetics within and beyond country borders
e) conserving genetic diversity for future needs
Long term: f) development and testing of novel technologies to provide long-
term solutions to existing or predicted future constraints
g) production of safe transgenics/clones to deliver desired genetics more efficiently as part of “designer Genetics”
Ultimate outcome: significant and sustained genetic improvement of priority livestock and fish species in developing countries.
This will contribute to
• Improved productivity (IDO 1)
• More and better supply of ASF (IDO 2)
• More income (IDO 3)
Livestock & Fish Genetics Platform
Feeds flagship
• Realize feed-based intensification of animal production to meet the needs of poor and vulnerable consumers, while mitigating environmental effects
– … at the core of sustainable intensification….
– optimize temporal and spatial use of land for feedstuffs
– model and reduce environmental costs associated with different feeds
– identify and utilize novel feeds and forages, including technologies from biofuel production to produce more and better quality fodder
Feeds flagship - targets
• 50% improvements in productivity (livestock and fish per unit land area)
• In 50% of our value chains
• Zero additional environmental costs (?)
• By end of nine years….
Indicative Budget (US$ million) 2015-17 2018-20 2021-23
Building a Genetics Platform 12.7 12.7 12.7
Improving Animal Health 17.0 17.0 17.0
Reducing Environmental Costs 17.3 17.3 17.3
Developing New Biotechnologies 7.0 7.0 7.0
Sustaining Feed-Based Intensification 13.1 14.4 15.9
Reducing Gender Disparities 7.2 5.4 5.4
Value chains 50.6 66.1 62.9
Capital 5.0 5.0 5.0
TOTAL 129.9 144.9 143.1
Budget for value chains Indicative Budgets, US$
thousands
Value Chains 2015-2017 2018-2020 2021-2023
Bangladesh Fish 12,000 12,000 12,000
Egypt Fish 5,000 5,000 5,000
Ethiopia Small Ruminants 8,400 7,800 7,800
India dairying 6,000 12,000 12,000
Mali Small Ruminants 2,800 5,200 2,600
Nicaragua dual purpose Cattle 2,800 5,200 2,600
Tanzania Dairying 3,000 6,000 8,000
Uganda Swine 6,130 6,130 6,130
Vietnam Swine 4,500 6,750 6,750
Total 50,630 66,080 62,880
ILRI WorldFish Centre CIAT ICARDA
Partner CGIAR Centres
Approach to partnerships
• Head of Development Partnership • GCARD session on partnership • Partnership strategy under development • Identification of strategic partners
• Research • Development • Stratified • Criteria? • Evolving and dynamic
DEVELOPMENT
Partnership strategy
Global
Regional
Local
• Strategic partners
• Collaborators
• Strategic partners
• Collaborators
• Strategic partners
• Collaborators
RESEARCH
Global
Regional
Local
• Strategic partners
• Collaborators
• Strategic partners
• Collaborators
• Strategic partners
• Collaborators
DEVELOPMENT
Strategic partners
Global
Regional
Local
• CARE
• SNV
• Novus
• FAO
• DOW Agroscience
• VEDCO (Ug)
• CARE (Eg)
• Natl Dairy Plan (In)
RESEARCH
Global
Regional
Local
•SLU (Sw)
•Wageningen UR
•ASARECA
•CORAF
•APAARI
•CATIE
•Universities
•NARS
Links
Livestock & Fish
Crop CRPs:
Food-feed crop breeding
A4NH: Animal source food
nutrition
A4NH: Food Safety & Zoonoses
PIM: Value chain analysis
Systems CRPs: Value chain
options
CCAFS/WLE: Environmental
impact mitigation
CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world.
CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish
livestockfish.cgiar.org