Rpt trendlabs-3q-2013-security-roundup

TrendLabsSM 3Q 2013 Security Roundup

The Invisible Web Unmasked

TREND MICRO | TrendLabs 3Q 2013 Security Roundup

Contents

1 | CYBERCRIME:

Takedowns, Banking Trojans, Site Compromises, and Refined Malware Techniques Seen

6 | MOBILE:

Mobile Malware and High-Risk Apps: 1-Million Strong

10 | DIGITAL LIFE SECURITY ISSUES:

On Privacy and Data Theft: A New “Identity Crisis”

12 | EXPLOITS AND VULNERABILITIES:

Java Vulnerabilities Remain a Major Concern

13 | TARGETED ATTACKS:

Sykipot Targets Aviation Data

15 | Appendix


Introduction

News about cybercrime circulated in recent months. The takedown of Liberty Reserve, an illegal digital currency system, and the recent seizure of the online black market, Silk Road, were among the many incidents this quarter that triggered greater public awareness of online threats.1 The arrest of the alleged Blackhole Exploit Kit creator in October also proved that cybercrime is indeed a business that thrives right under our noses.2

Cybercriminals continued to refine their techniques this quarter. Online banking malware infections increased in several regions, including the United States and Japan. We also caught a glimpse of the massive scale of compromised sites. Our research on BKDR_FIDOBOT showed that the backdoor was used to attack more than 17,000 domains in a day. We also

observed malware operation refinements like EXPIRO’s use of the Styx Exploit Kit and MEVADE malware’s use of The Onion Router (TOR) network.

On the mobile front, the number of malicious and high-risk Android™ apps surpassed the 1-million mark like we predicted. A significant portion of these dangerous apps were disguised as either fake or Trojanized versions of popular apps.

Internet Explorer® and Java security issues continued to put computers at risk, as a couple of zero-day exploits were discovered this quarter. Document exploits remained a staple in spear-phishing emails related to targeted attacks though we noted improvements in the Sykipot malware family, which now targets information related to civil aviation.


1 | Cybercrime

CYBERCRIME

Takedowns, Banking Trojans, Site Compromises, and Refined Malware Techniques SeenLaw enforcement agencies took home several wins, affecting the current threat landscape. The Liberty Reserve takedown caused cybercriminals to scramble for alternative currencies. They had to resort to other means like using Bitcoins to continue their operations. The infamous Silk Road takedown also showed the hidden but equally nefarious side of cybercrime, particularly

the use of the Deep Web to hide illegal site networks. Lastly, the alleged Blackhole Exploit Kit author known as “Paunch” made headlines when he was arrested in early October.3 These positive developments in law enforcement spurred awareness of cybercriminal underground elements that most Internet users were not privy to.4

Overall Trend Micro™ Smart Protection Network™ Numbers

We were able to protect Trend Micro customers from an average of 2,797 threats per second this quarter.

SEPAUGJUL0

1B

2B

3B

4B

5B

6B

7B

8B

NUMBER OF THREATSBLOCKED PER SECOND

TOTAL NUMBER OFTHREATS BLOCKED

NUMBER OF MALICIOUSFILES BLOCKED

NUMBER OF MALICIOUSURLs BLOCKED

NUMBER OF SPAM-SENDING IP ADDRESSESBLOCKED

6.4B

495M574M

6.5B

414M606M

6.2B

7.5B 7.5B7.2B

392M586M

2,876 2,8172,697


2 | Cybercrime

DOWNAD/Conficker remained the top malware this quarter. Adware packaged with fake software offers continued to victimize Internet users. Despite being the top malware though, the number of DOWNAD/

Conficker infections decreased to 345,000 from last quarter’s 509,000, possibly due to number of users who upgraded OSs in light of the impending end of support for Windows® XP.

Top Malware

DOWNAD/Conficker remained the top malware for three consecutive quarters while adware continued to trail behind.

100,000 1,000 100 10 1

WORM_DOWNAD.AD

ADW_BPROTECT

ADW_BHO

345K

246K

238K


3 | Cybercrime

Top Malware by Segment

Consumers likely download adware most because they were often packaged with fake free software. Enterprises and small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs), meanwhile, were most affected by DOWNAD/Conficker.

Banking Trojan Volume SurgeThe online banking malware volume surged this quarter. They spread across the globe and no longer concentrated on certain regions like Europe and the Americas. We

continued to see this trend, with infection counts going beyond the 200,000 mark, the highest infection number since 2002.

Online Banking Malware Infections

Online banking malware accounted for more than 200,000 detections this quarter—the highest-recorded volume since 2002.

ENTERPRISE SMB CONSUMER

NAME VOLUME NAME VOLUME NAME VOLUME

WORM_DOWNAD.AD 205K WORM_DOWNAD.AD 33K ADW_BHO 158K

ADW_BPROTECT 28K HKTL_PASSVIEW 7K ADW_BPROTECT 138K

PE_SALITY.RL 17K TROJ_FAKEAV.BMC 5K TROJ_FAKEAV.BMC 87K

Q4Q3Q2Q10

50K

100K

150K

200K

250K

2013

2012

131K113K

110K

146K132K

202K

125K


4 | Cybercrime

A large portion of online banking malware infections were due to ZeuS/ZBOT Trojans. ZeuS/ZBOT variants were, in fact, the most distributed malware by spam this quarter. New ZBOT variants emerged, specifically KINS malware, which came armed with anti-debugging and anti-analysis routines.

Citadel variants, meanwhile, continued to plague Japan, particularly targeting financial institutions and varied Webmail services like Yahoo!® Japan and Gmail™, among others.5

Top Online Banking Victim Countries

COUNTRY SHARE

USA 23%

Brazil 16%

Japan 12%

India 6%

Australia 3%

France 3%

Germany 2%

Vietnam 2%

Taiwan 2%

Mexico 2%

Others 29%

The United States and Brazil remained the most-affected countries by online banking malware. Japan, meanwhile, rose to the third from the fifth spot last quarter, largely due to the increase in Citadel

malware infections.

Compromising Sites: A Norm?Cybercriminals routinely use compromised sites to hide their tracks and host malware, spam templates, and redirection tools.

Spambots like Stealrat heavily relied on techniques like using compromised sites to cloak malicious operations.6

How Users End Up on Compromised Sites

Data sent to compromised site 1 isused to construct email template

Victim gathers spam data* from spam serverthen sends to compromised site 1

User receives spam that contains links tocompromised site 2

* Spam data includes the backup email server's URL, the sender's name, the recipient's address, and the email template.


5 | Cybercrime

We got a glimpse of the scale of site compromises by investigating BKDR_FIDOBOT. This backdoor brute-forced its way into sites that ran on either Joomla!™ or WordPress and was used to attack more

Refined Malware Techniques and Hidden NetworksOther notable malware this quarter include EXPIRO.8 The malware first surfaced in 2010 and was known to infect files. Recent variants that emerged this quarter, however, stole FTP credentials. The EXPIRO variants used in attacks last July were also distributed using the Styx Exploit Kit.9

In the latter part of August, we observed MEVADE malware download a TOR component to initiate widespread

connections to specific sites.10 This was the reason behind reports of a growth in the number of TOR users.11 TOR allowed cybercriminals to more effectively hide their command-and-control (C&C) servers. It is also virtually impossible to take down a TOR-hidden service. MEVADE malware also spread alongside certain adware variants via a downloader disguised as an Adobe® Flash® Player update.12

than 17,000 domains in a single day.7 The majority of affected sites were either owned by individuals or small businesses and hosted in the United States.

When Popular Online Banking Crimeware Were Discovered

2006 2007 2009 20112010 2013

ZeuS Gozi

Carberpand

SpyEye

Cridex,Shylock,Tatanga,

Ice IX,and

Citadel

Tinba,Zitmo,

andSpitmo KINS

This quarter, we saw a resurgence of banking malware, which started making headlines with the introduction of the ZeuS toolkit way back in 2006.


6 | Mobile

MOBILE

Mobile Malware and High-Risk Apps: 1-Million StrongBefore 2013 ended, the number of malicious and high-risk apps targeting the Android platform reached the 1-million mark. Among these, 80% were malicious in nature, topped by premium service abusers. Premium service abusers are known to send unauthorized text messages to certain numbers and often register users to premium-rate services. This type of malicious app is especially popular in Russia, most likely due to the country’s lack of “standard” app stores.13

The remaining 20% were considered high-risk apps, including those that aggressively pushed ads to users, also known as “adware.” Adware infections eventually lead to device information theft.

The number of malicious and high-risk apps steadily increased from July to August but, come

September, reached the 1-million mark.

Android Threat Volume Growth

0

.5M

1M 820KJUL

851KAUG 1M

SEP

Top Threat Type Distribution

0

20%

40%

60%

PREMIUMSERVICE ABUSER

ADWARE DATA STEALER REMOTECONTROLLER

MALICIOUSDOWNLOADER

HACKINGTOOL

55%

27%22% 12%

9%2%

Like last quarter, premium service abusers comprised more than half of the mobile threats this quarter though the number of mobile adware also increased to regain the top 2 post.


7 | Mobile

Top Android Malware Families

Cross-Platform Threats Pose Mobile Security RisksBeyond the dangers malicious apps posed, mobile devices were also hit by threats that transcended platforms. These include a fake WhatsApp email containing a link that, when clicked using a mobile device, may lead to a site that hosts a premium service abuser.14 This was not the first time that mobile devices were targeted by multi-platform threats. In this case though, the attackers opted to use spam as infection vector instead of relying on a more “direct” approach like blackhat search engine optimization (SEO) or social media abuse.

Another cross-platform issue was the rise of the number of phishing sites specifically designed for mobile devices. According to data we gathered from January to September this year, we noted a 53% increase in the number of phishing sites compared with the same period last year. This quarter, 42% of the sites spoofed banks and other financial institutions.15

OPFAKE

FAKEINST

GOYEAR

GINMASTER

JIFAKE

MSEG

ADPANDA

ADTGPTT

BOXER

SMSREG

Others

27%

24%

10%

7%

6%

4%

3%

3%

2%

2%

12%

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.


8 | Mobile

Vulnerabilities and Exploits Compound Mobile Security WoesThe discovery of the “master key” vulnerability last quarter highlighted cybercriminals’ ability to find ways to “update” legitimate apps with malicious code to affect nearly every Android device. This quarter, we witnessed continued abuse of this vulnerability to churn out Trojanized versions of a well-known online banking app.16

The Black Hat cybersecurity conference last July additionally touched on other points pertaining to mobile security. A SIM card flaw that could allow attackers to obtain a its digital key was, for instance, discovered. Also at the conference, researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology showed off a proof-of-concept (POC) charger that could allow attackers to execute malicious commands on devices that ran on the latest iOS version.17

Where Users Stumbled Upon Malicious and High-Risk Apps

While 27% of malicious and high-risk apps came from app stores, they were also seen in other sources like malicious sites. Note that the total only represents 42% of the overall number of malicious apps sourced from

August 2010 to September 2013.

SITES

80%APP STORES

27%OTHERS

1%


9 | Mobile

can access yourSD card data96%

DELETE DATA

can read yourmessages92%

MONITOR MESSAGES

can track yourlocation14%

TRACK LOCATION

can access yourcontact list48%

VIEW CONTACTS

can send outpredefined messages86%

SEND DEFAULT MESSAGES

What Premium Service Abusers Do

Mobile devices are vulnerable to threats like information theft when infected by premium service abusers, which remained the top mobile threat type this quarter. Based on research covering the period, November 2012–May

2013, premium service abusers can affect devices in various ways.


10 | Digital Life

DIGITAL LIFE

On Privacy and Data Theft: A New “Identity Crisis”Recent events and threats surrounding social media and personal information paved the way for resurfacing issues on data security, also known as a new type of “identity crisis.” Internet users are still constantly being challenged by managing and preventing their personal information from falling into cybercriminals’ hands.

Among the numerous threats that aim to steal personal information, phishing scams made a notable impact this quarter due to a massive increase in Apple-related phishing sites.18

The spike was likely caused by the clamor for the latest Apple products and developments over the past few months, including rumors last May about the iOS 7 release. Another spike in the phishing site volume was seen last June and July when rumors about the iPhone 5c spread. Last September, we saw a spam run use the newly released iPhone models as lure to steal personally identifiable information (PII).19

Apple-Related Phishing Page Volume Growth

6K

5K

4K

3K

2K

1K

0

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

2,500

1,900

4,100

1,800

5,800

300100500

300

The rise in Apple-related phishing pages continued even after the huge spike last May.


11 | Digital Life

Mobile banking users were not spared from attacks that leveraged similar social engineering techniques. We found a phishing site that mimicked a well-known financial institution designed to gather crucial data like log-in credentials, email addresses, and even government-issued IDs.20

Security threats on social media persisted this quarter, most notably those that took advantage of users with rich digital lives. A “free followers” scam showed how cybercriminals made a quick buck by offering fake followers, “likes,” and retweets to interested buyers.21

Threats targeting social media were not limited to “free followers” scams this quarter. We also saw malware disguised as fake video player updates make the rounds on social networking sites. When installed,

they hijacked users’ social media account credentials, specifically those for Facebook, Google+, and Twitter.22 This quarter was also plagued by a slew of fake Twitter accounts that lured followers to sites that supposedly hosted hacking tools for both Facebook and Twitter but instead led to survey scams.23

Despite these security setbacks, some positive developments pertaining to managing online accounts were introduced. These include the Touch ID fingerprint sensor on the iPhone 5s, a security tool meant to make it easier for owners to unlock their phones compared with using a PIN code.24 Though Apple’s effort to secure users’ online accounts was commendable, it must not be considered a cure-all because user behavior is still a crucial security factor.

Notable Social Engineering Lures Used

SUMMERMOVIES

PLANTS vs.ZOMBIES

WHATSAPPROYAL BABY

ENDER’S GAME

iPHONE 5s and 5c

OBAMACARE


12 | Exploits and Vulnerabilties

EXPLOITS AND VULNERABILTIES

Java Vulnerabilities Remain a Major ConcernAfter several zero-day incidents at the beginning of the year, Java vulnerabilities remained a crucial concern. This quarter, a Java 6 vulnerability exploit was included in the Neutrino Exploit Kit.25, 26 Because Oracle stopped supporting this version, all affected software will no longer receive security updates and fixes, including for the recently identified bug. Even worse, the Oracle announcement means that around 31 recently disclosed vulnerabilities will never be patched.

Just a week after the September Patch Tuesday, a zero-day Internet Explorer exploit that affected even the latest version was discovered.27 Microsoft immediately released a fix to address the issue though.

Old vulnerabilities remained a favorite cybercriminal target, as our research on Apache Struts showed.28 Our investigation revealed that the Chinese underground created automated tools to exploit bugs in older versions of Apache Struts, just three days after the flaws were made known to the public.

RESEARCHER BACKEND DATABASE

MALICIOUS SITE B

MALICIOUS SITE A

Crawl URL A 1 Check if IP addressis in database

2

If IP address isnot in database

*Attackers keep a list of IP addressesthey believe researchers use and

block access from these.

3Site loads4

Crawl URL B5 Check if IP addressis in database

6

If IP address isin database

7Site doesnot load

8

How Exploits Dodge Security


13 | Targeted Attacks

TARGETED ATTACKS

Sykipot Targets Aviation DataTargeted attack campaigns continued to go after various targets like governments, large organizations, and enterprises. Attackers typically aim to exfiltrate or steal data from targets. One such campaign that recently underwent some modifications was Sykipot.

The Sykipot campaign was first seen in 2007. It initially targeted industries like telecommunications, computer, government, and aerospace, among others but remains active to this day.29 We did observe recent changes to the campaign’s operations though, including using updated identifiers, drive-by exploits, and dynamic link library (DLL)/process injections. It now also targets civil aviation information.

While monitoring targeted attacks, we continued to see the use of old, patched

vulnerabilities in spear-phishing attacks. One widely attacked vulnerability was the MSCOMCTL.OCX RCE Vulnerability, also known as “CVE-2012-0158,” which was addressed by Microsoft with MS12-027 as early as April last year.30

Following the release of the latest Apache Struts version, meanwhile, we found automated tools that exploit vulnerabilities found in older versions of the software sold underground. We also saw some targeted attacks exploit the said bugs in Asia.

.PKZIP and .MIME files were the top file types threat actors used to attack their intended victims via spear phishing. Common file types like documents and spreadsheets were also used to gain entry to target networks.


14 | Targeted Attacks

File Types Used in Spear-Phishing Emails Related to Targeted Attacks

Government agencies were the top attack targets this quarter, followed by telecommunications and IT/software

companies. Enterprises should fortify their networks to avoid becoming a victim of targeted attacks.

0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

JUL

AUG

SEP

MIME

PKZIP

RAR

RTF

PPS/PPT

DOC

EXE/DLL

XLS

ZIP

PDF


15 | Appendix

Appendix

Top Spam Languages

English

Chinese

Japanese

German

Russian

Portuguese

Spanish

French

Icelandic

Turkish

Others

89.39%

2.49%

1.88%

0.95%

0.70%

0.24%

0.16%

0.08%

0.07%

0.05%

3.99%

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Top Spam-Sending Countries

USA

Argentina

Italy

Spain

India

Taiwan

Colombia

Peru

Mexico

Germany

Others

9.16%

6.71%

6.69%

6.45%

6.16%

4.31%

4.26%

3.97%

3.82%

3.27%

45.20%

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

English remained spammers’ most preferred language because it is most used worldwide.

Consistent with the top spamming language, the USA sent out the most spam. Latin American countries like Argentina, Spain, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru remained part of the top 10.


16 | Appendix

Top Malicious Domains Blocked

Number of Connections to Botnets per Month

JULY

AUGUST

SEPTEMBER

2M0 4M 6M 8M 10M 12M 14M

13.9M

12.7M

10.7M

The number of connections to botnets increased in July but dipped in August before rising again in September.

DOMAINS REASONS

ads.alpha00001.com Hijacks well-known web browsers to redirect users tofake sites, including ad sites

trafficconverter.biz Hosts and distributes worms, particularlyDOWNAD/Conficker

http :// adsgangsta . com Related to exploit kit operations

http :// www . ody . cc Related to sites hosting BKDR_HPGN.B-CN

az7t8.com Involved in attacking high-traffic sites

ckstatic.com Involved in attacking high-traffic sites

announce.opensharing.org Hosted hacking software and used in peer-to-peer

promos.fling.com Involved in a zombie network spread from an adultdating site.

http :// labambaka . com Hosts and distributes malware, related to spamming

international-spcsz.ru Hosts and distributes malware, related to spamming

The top malicious domains this quarter hosted sites that hijacked Web browsers to redirect users to fake ad sites. This most likely led to the increase in adware this quarter.


17 | Appendix

Malicious URL Country Sources

COUNTRY SHARE

1 USA 24%

2 Netherlands 3%

3 China 3%

4 Germany 3%

5 France 3%

6 South Korea 2%

7 UK 2%

8 Russia 1%

9 Japan 1%

10 Canada 1%

Others 57%

Like last quarter, a significant share of the malicious URLs found this quarter were hosted in the United States.

Countries That Most Accessed Malicious URLs

COUNTRY SHARE

1 USA 35%

2 Japan 14%

3 China 7%

4 India 4%

5 Taiwan 4%

6 South Korea 4%

7 Germany 3%

8 Australia 3%

9 Russia 2%

10 UK 2%

Others 22%

Most of the users that accessed malicious URLs were from the United States this quarter.


18 | Appendix

Countries with the Greatest Number of Botnet Connections

COUNTRY SHARE

1 USA 25%

2 Malaysia 19%

3 Portugal 4%

4 Russia 4%

5 Canada 4%

6 South Korea 4%

7 Belgium 3%

8 Colombia 2%

9 Germany 2%

10 Netherlands 2%

Others 31%

Countries with the Highest Malicious Android App Download Volumes

1

23

5

6

7

9

104

8

13%

10%

9%

7%

5%

4%

4%

4%

3%

3%

Ukraine

Myanmar [Burma]

Libya

Nigeria

Vietnam

Russia

Argentina

Antigua and Barbuda

Canada

India

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Ukraine recorded the highest malicious app download volume, overtaking the UAE, which dropped out of the list. This could be attributed to the increased in popularity of smartphones in Eastern Europe. The mobile growth in Nigeria and Argentina could also be the reason for their inclusion. The ranking was based on the percentage of apps categorized as “malicious” over the total number of apps scanned per country. The ranking was, however,

limited to countries with at least 10,000 scans.

The United States recorded the greatest number of connections to botnets this quarter. Malaysia slipped to second place, as the political tension subsided in the country.


19 | Appendix

Countries Most at Risk of Privacy Exposure Due to App Use

1

2

3

5

67

9

104 8

26%

20%

11%

10%

9%

7%

7%

7%

7%

6%

Kazakhstan

Uganda

Ukraine

India

Argentina

Philippines

Antigua and Barbuda

Thailand

Canada

Myanmar [Burma]

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

This quarter, new entries like Kazakhstan, Uganda, and Ukraine topped the list of countries most at risk of privacy exposure. This could be partly due to the growing popularity of smartphones in the countries. The

ranking was based on the percentage of apps categorized as “privacy risk inducers” over the total number of apps scanned per country. The ranking was, however, limited to countries with at least 10,000 scans.


20 | References

References

1. Trend Micro Incorporated. (July 16, 2013). TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. “Post Liberty Reserve Shutdown—What Is Next?” Last accessed October 29, 2013, http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/post-liberty-reserve-shutdown-whats-next/.

2. Charlie Osborne. (October 9, 2013). ZDNet. “Blackhole Malware Toolkit Creator ‘Paunch’ Suspect Arrested.” Last accessed October 29, 2013, http://www.zdnet.com/blackhole-malware-toolkit-creator-paunch-arrested-7000021740/.

3. Merianne Polintan. (September 16, 2013). TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. “ZeuS/ZBOT Most Distributed Malware by Spam in August.” Last accessed October 29, 2013, http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/zeuszbot-most-distributed-malware-by-spam-in-august/.

4. Gelo Abendan. (August 20, 2013). TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. “Can KINS Be the Next ZeuS?” Last accessed October 29, 2013, http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/can-kins-be-the-next-zeus/.

5. Trend Micro Incorporated. (September 2, 2013). TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. “Citadel Makes a Comeback, Targets Japan Users.” Last accessed October 29, 2013, http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/citadel-makes-a-comeback-targets-japan-users/.

6. Jessa De La Torre. (August 5, 2013). TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. “How to Check If Your Website Is Part of the Stealrat Botnet.” Last accessed, October 29, 2013, http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/how-to-check-if-your-website-is-part-of-the-stealrat-botnet/.

7. Philippe Lin. (September 5, 2013). TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. “Joomla! and WordPress Sites Under Constant Attack from Botnets.” Last accessed October 29, 2013, http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/joomla-and-wordpress-sites-under-constant-attack-from-botnets/.

8. Rhena Inocencio. (July 15, 2013). TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. “File Infector EXPIRO Hits U.S., Steals FTP Credentials.” Last accessed October 29, 2013, http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/file-infector-expiro-hits-us-steals-ftp-credentials/.

9. Trend Micro Incorporated. (July 19, 2013). TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. “More Details on EXPIRO File Infectors.” Last accessed October 29, 2013, http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/more-details-on-expiro-file-infectors/.

10. Feike Hacquebord. (September 5, 2013). TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. “The Mysterious MEVADE Malware.” Last accessed October 29, 2013, http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/the-mysterious-mevade-malware/.

11. Roger Dingledine. (August 27, 2013). Tor Project. “Many More TOR Users in the Past Week?” Last accessed October 29, 2013, https://lists.torproject.org/pipermail/tor-talk/2013-August/029582.html.

12. Roddell Santos. (September 6, 2013). TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. “Adware Spread Alongside MEVADE Variants, Hits Japan and U.S.” Last accessed October 29, 2013, http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/us-taiwan-most-affected-by-mevade-malware/.

13. Rowena Diocton. (September 17, 2013). TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. “Connecting the Dots: Fake Apps, Russia, and the Mobile Web.” Last accessed October 29, 2013, http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/connecting-the-dots-fake-apps-russia-and-the-mobile-web/.

14. Peter Yan. (September 13, 2013). TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. “Spam Leads to Multi-Platform Mobile Threat.” Last accessed, October 29, 2013, http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/spam-leads-to-multi-platform-mobile-threat/.

15. Trend Micro Incorporated. (2013). Monthly Mobile Review. “A Look at Mobile Banking Threats.” Last accessed October 29, 2013, http://about-threats.trendmicro.com/us/mobile/monthly-mobile-review/2013-08-mobile-banking-threats.

16. Peter Yan. (August 2, 2013). TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. “Master Key Android Vulnerability Used to Trojanize Banking App.” Last accessed October 29, 2013, http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/master-key-android-vulnerability-used-to-trojanize-banking-app/.

17. Gelo Abendan. (August 8, 2013). TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. “Exploiting Vulnerabilities: The Other Side of Mobile Threats.” Last accessed October 29, 2013, http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/exploiting-vulnerabilities-the-other-side-of-mobile-threats/.

18. Paul Pajares. (October 1, 2013). TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. “Apple Spikes as Phishing Target.” Last accessed October 29, 2013, http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/apple-spikes-as-phishing-target/.

19. Merianne Polintan. (September 10, 2013). TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. “iPhone 5s Phishing Mail Arrives in Time for Launch.” Last accessed October 29, 2013, http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/iphone-5s-phishing-mail-arrives-in-time-for-launch/.

http://about-threats.trendmicro.com/us/mobile/monthly-mobile-review/2013-08-mobile-banking-threats

http://about-threats.trendmicro.com/us/mobile/monthly-mobile-review/2013-08-mobile-banking-threats


21 | References

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21. Karla Agregado. (August 1, 2013). TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. “From Fame to Shame: Busting the ‘Free Followers’ Myth in Social Media.” Last accessed October 29, 2013, http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/from-fame-to-shame-busting-the-free-followers-myth-in-social-media/.

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