Cd1 belajar cara belajar

10 KESALAHFAHAMAN TENTANG CEMERLANG Beberapa orang tidak boleh mencapai Beberapa orang tidak boleh mencapai

kecemerlangan kerana latarbelakang, pendidikan kecemerlangan kerana latarbelakang, pendidikan dll.dll. Sebenarnya, setiap orang dapat mencapai Sebenarnya, setiap orang dapat mencapai

kejayaan. Ini hanya bagaimana mereka kejayaan. Ini hanya bagaimana mereka menginginkannya, kemudian melakukan menginginkannya, kemudian melakukan sesuatu untuk mencapainya. Jadi semua orang sesuatu untuk mencapainya. Jadi semua orang berupaya menikmati kecemerlangan.berupaya menikmati kecemerlangan.

10 KESALAHFAHAMAN TENTANG CEMERLANG Orang yang cemerlang tidak melakukan Orang yang cemerlang tidak melakukan

kesalahan.kesalahan. Sebenarnya, orang-orang yang cemerlang Sebenarnya, orang-orang yang cemerlang

itu memang melakukan kesalahan itu memang melakukan kesalahan sebagaimana kita semua pernah lakukan. sebagaimana kita semua pernah lakukan. Namun mereka tidak melakukan Namun mereka tidak melakukan kesalahan itu untuk kali keduanya.kesalahan itu untuk kali keduanya.

10 KESALAHFAHAMAN TENTANG CEMERLANG Agar cemerlang, kita harus bekerja lebih Agar cemerlang, kita harus bekerja lebih

dari 60 jam ( 70, 80, 90, … ) seminggu.dari 60 jam ( 70, 80, 90, … ) seminggu. Sebenarnya, persoalannya terletak pada Sebenarnya, persoalannya terletak pada

lamanya anda bekerja. Tetapi bagaimana lamanya anda bekerja. Tetapi bagaimana anda dapat melakukan sesuatu yang anda dapat melakukan sesuatu yang benar. Orang yang cemerlang benar. Orang yang cemerlang menguruskan masa mereka dengan menguruskan masa mereka dengan cekap.cekap.

10 KESALAHFAHAMAN TENTANG CEMERLANG Anda hanya boleh cemerlang bila ‘bermain’ Anda hanya boleh cemerlang bila ‘bermain’

sesuatu dengan peraturan.sesuatu dengan peraturan. Sebenarnya siapa yang membuat Sebenarnya siapa yang membuat

peraturan itu? Setiap situasi memerlukan peraturan itu? Setiap situasi memerlukan cara yang berbeza. Kadang-kadang kita cara yang berbeza. Kadang-kadang kita harus mengikuti peraturan, tetapi dimasa harus mengikuti peraturan, tetapi dimasa lain andalah yang membuat peraturan itu.lain andalah yang membuat peraturan itu.

10 KESALAHFAHAMAN TENTANG CEMERLANG Jika anda selalu meminta bantuan, anda Jika anda selalu meminta bantuan, anda

tidak cemerlang.tidak cemerlang. Sebenarnya, cemerlang jarang sekali Sebenarnya, cemerlang jarang sekali

terjadi di masa-masa ‘vakum’. Justru, terjadi di masa-masa ‘vakum’. Justru, dengan mengakui dan menghargai dengan mengakui dan menghargai bantuan orang lain dapat membantu bantuan orang lain dapat membantu kejayaan anda. Dan sesungguhnya ada kejayaan anda. Dan sesungguhnya ada ramai sekali orang seperti itu.ramai sekali orang seperti itu.

10 KESALAHFAHAMAN TENTANG CEMERLANG Cemerlang bergantung kepada nasib dan Cemerlang bergantung kepada nasib dan

peluang.peluang. Sebenarnya, hanya diperlu sedikit nasib Sebenarnya, hanya diperlu sedikit nasib

dan peluang. Namun diperlukan banyak dan peluang. Namun diperlukan banyak kerja kuat, kecerdasan, pengentahuan, kerja kuat, kecerdasan, pengentahuan, kehendak, ilmu dan penghayatan.kehendak, ilmu dan penghayatan.

10 KESALAHFAHAMAN TENTANG CEMERLANG Cemerlang apabila anda mendapat banyak Cemerlang apabila anda mendapat banyak

wang.wang. Sebenarnya, wang hanya satu saja Sebenarnya, wang hanya satu saja

daripada begitu banyak keuntungan yang daripada begitu banyak keuntungan yang diberikan oleh kecemerlangan. Wang diberikan oleh kecemerlangan. Wang bukan jaminan kecemerlangan anda.bukan jaminan kecemerlangan anda.

10 KESALAHFAHAMAN TENTANG CEMERLANG Cemerlang ialah apabila semua orang Cemerlang ialah apabila semua orang

mengakuinya.mengakuinya. Sebenarnya, anda mungkin lebih banyak Sebenarnya, anda mungkin lebih banyak

mencapai kecemerlangan dan pengakuan mencapai kecemerlangan dan pengakuan daripada orang lain atas apa yang anda daripada orang lain atas apa yang anda lakukan. Tetapi meskipun hanya anda lakukan. Tetapi meskipun hanya anda sendiri yang mengetahuinya, anda sendiri yang mengetahuinya, anda tetaplah cemerlang.tetaplah cemerlang.

10 KESALAHFAHAMAN TENTANG CEMERLANG Cemerlang adalah tujuan.Cemerlang adalah tujuan.

Sebenarnya, cemerlang lebih dari sekadar Sebenarnya, cemerlang lebih dari sekadar anda boleh mencapai tujuan dan anda boleh mencapai tujuan dan matlamat anda. Katakan bahawa anda matlamat anda. Katakan bahawa anda menginginkan kejayaan, maka ajukan menginginkan kejayaan, maka ajukan pertanyaan “atas hal apa ?”. pertanyaan “atas hal apa ?”. Kecemerlangan adalah cara hidup anda.Kecemerlangan adalah cara hidup anda.

10 KESALAHFAHAMAN TENTANG CEMERLANG Saya cemerlang apabila kesukaran dan masalah Saya cemerlang apabila kesukaran dan masalah

saya berakhir.saya berakhir. Sebenarnya, anda mungkin cemerlang tetapi Sebenarnya, anda mungkin cemerlang tetapi

anada bukan Tuhan. Anda tetap harus melalui anada bukan Tuhan. Anda tetap harus melalui jalan yang naik turun sebagaimana yang anda jalan yang naik turun sebagaimana yang anda alami di masa-masa lalu. Nikmati apa sahaja alami di masa-masa lalu. Nikmati apa sahaja yang telah anda raih dan hidupkan setiiap hari yang telah anda raih dan hidupkan setiiap hari sebagaimana adanya.sebagaimana adanya.

The winners vs losersThe winner is part of the answer;The winner is part of the answer;

The loser is a always a part of the problemThe loser is a always a part of the problem..The winner always has a plan;The winner always has a plan;

The loser always has an excuseThe loser always has an excuse..The winner says ‘let me do it for you’;The winner says ‘let me do it for you’;

The losser say ‘that’s not my jobs’.The losser say ‘that’s not my jobs’.The winner sees an answer in every problem;The winner sees an answer in every problem;The losser sees a problem in every answer.The losser sees a problem in every answer.

The winner sees a green near every sandtrap;The winner sees a green near every sandtrap;The losses sees a sandtrap near every green.The losses sees a sandtrap near every green.

The winner say ‘it may be difficult but it’s possible’;The winner say ‘it may be difficult but it’s possible’;The losser says ‘it’s may be possible, but it’s difficult’The losser says ‘it’s may be possible, but it’s difficult’..

HOW TO STUDY ?

Step 1 :Step 1 : Where do I Study ?Where do I Study ? Step 2 :Step 2 : How comfortable do I want to be How comfortable do I want to be

when I study ?when I study ? Step 3 :Step 3 : How do I get settled enaugh to How do I get settled enaugh to

begin work ?begin work ? Step 4 :Step 4 : It sure is hard to concentrate !It sure is hard to concentrate ! Step 5 :Step 5 : What if I just procrastinate a lot ?What if I just procrastinate a lot ?

TIME MANAGEMENT:

Being aware of how you use time will help Being aware of how you use time will help you to study more effectively and be more you to study more effectively and be more efficient.efficient. Define your priorities.Define your priorities. Study timeStudy time Assingnment calendarAssingnment calendar Managing assingmentsManaging assingments

TIME MANAGEMENT:

Working on assignmentsWorking on assignments MotivationMotivation Make use of free time during the dayMake use of free time during the day Be consistentBe consistent

TEST PREPARATION:

When you have a test to make, it can be When you have a test to make, it can be difficult to know how to prepare for the test. difficult to know how to prepare for the test. People have very different ways of People have very different ways of studying, and these may vary for each studying, and these may vary for each subject. Here are some general tips that can subject. Here are some general tips that can help you find your own best way to study.help you find your own best way to study.

TEST PREPARATION:

Make time to study.Make time to study. Keep up with assignments.Keep up with assignments. Find a study group.Find a study group. Write down key topics.Write down key topics. Condense your notes.Condense your notes. Practice problem solvingPractice problem solving Make practice essay questionsMake practice essay questions Do sample questionsDo sample questions

IMPROVING CONCENTRATION

REDUCE EXTERNAL DISTRACTION:-REDUCE EXTERNAL DISTRACTION:-

Find a good place to workFind a good place to work Minimize visual distractionsMinimize visual distractions Elimanate noise – without vocal music.Elimanate noise – without vocal music. Use appropriate lightingUse appropriate lighting

IMPROVING CONCENTRATION

DISCOURAGE INTERNAL DISCOURAGE INTERNAL DISTRACTIONS:-DISTRACTIONS:-

Keep your calendar or “to do” list nearby Keep your calendar or “to do” list nearby as you studyas you study

Use a concentration scoresheetUse a concentration scoresheet

IMPROVING CONCENTRATION

FIGHT FATIGUE:-FIGHT FATIGUE:-

Take regular study breaks.Take regular study breaks. Find your “prime time”.Find your “prime time”. Get your sleep a nightGet your sleep a night

IMPROVING CONCENTRATION

BUILT A STRONG INTEREST:BUILT A STRONG INTEREST:

Think about why you want to learn about Think about why you want to learn about given subject.given subject.

Form study group.Form study group. Find a tutor / alternate textbookFind a tutor / alternate textbook

Forgetting is a natural process, with Forgetting is a natural process, with the greatest losses occurring within the greatest losses occurring within the first 24 hours of learning. After the first 24 hours of learning. After one day you will forget 46% of what one day you will forget 46% of what you read, 79% after 14 days, and 81% you read, 79% after 14 days, and 81% after 28 days. Clearly, it is essential to after 28 days. Clearly, it is essential to review readings and lecture notes review readings and lecture notes within one or two days of initial within one or two days of initial exposure, with brief additional reviews exposure, with brief additional reviews interspersed in later weeks.interspersed in later weeks.

IMPROVING YOUR MEMORY

IMPROVING YOUR MEMORY

PAY ATTENTION AND INTEND TO PAY ATTENTION AND INTEND TO REMEMBER:-REMEMBER:- Which are you more likely to remember, the Which are you more likely to remember, the

name of a coworker or your boss? We name of a coworker or your boss? We remember when we decide to remember remember when we decide to remember and when we have a reason/motivation.and when we have a reason/motivation.

1. Eliminate distractions while 1. Eliminate distractions while reading/studying.reading/studying.

2. Develop a strong motivation; think of a 2. Develop a strong motivation; think of a reason why you want to learn this.reason why you want to learn this.

ANALYZE HOW TO REMEMBER EACH ANALYZE HOW TO REMEMBER EACH FACT & CONCEPT AS YOU ENCOUNTER FACT & CONCEPT AS YOU ENCOUNTER IT.IT. 1. Decide whether you will emphasize 1. Decide whether you will emphasize

concepts, memory devices, visualization, concepts, memory devices, visualization, or reciting. or reciting.

2. Relate new material to facts and 2. Relate new material to facts and concepts you already know.concepts you already know.

3. To memorize terminology, think about 3. To memorize terminology, think about familiar parts of the words or study the familiar parts of the words or study the Greek and Latin roots.Greek and Latin roots.

IMPROVING YOUR MEMORY

INTERPRET/UNDERSTAND THE MATERIALINTERPRET/UNDERSTAND THE MATERIAL.. 1. To improve your long-term memory 1. To improve your long-term memory

and to perform better on complex test and to perform better on complex test questions, focus on understanding the questions, focus on understanding the basic ideas rather than simply basic ideas rather than simply memorizing isolated facts.memorizing isolated facts.

2. Explain concepts to family members 2. Explain concepts to family members and study partners. This "teaching" will and study partners. This "teaching" will help you deepen your own help you deepen your own understanding.understanding.

IMPROVING YOUR MEMORY

ORGANIZE THE MATERIALORGANIZE THE MATERIAL:: 1.Use "advanced organizers" obtained by 1.Use "advanced organizers" obtained by

prior knowledge or scanning to organize prior knowledge or scanning to organize the new information. the new information.

2. During review, organize your notes by 2. During review, organize your notes by writing questions or headings in the left writing questions or headings in the left margin. margin.

3. The human brain appears to be able to hold only 3. The human brain appears to be able to hold only seven chunks of information in immediate memory, seven chunks of information in immediate memory, so breaking up material into categories will help so breaking up material into categories will help you remember.you remember.

IMPROVING YOUR MEMORY

VISUALIZE THE MATERIALVISUALIZE THE MATERIAL:: Half of the brain thinks in words and Half of the brain thinks in words and

the other half in pictures; use both the other half in pictures; use both parts of your brain. parts of your brain.

1. Study pictures, diagrams, and charts 1. Study pictures, diagrams, and charts in your text and develop your own.in your text and develop your own.

2. Visualize information. For example, 2. Visualize information. For example, to remember the date of Lincoln's to remember the date of Lincoln's birth, visualize a log cabin with 1809 birth, visualize a log cabin with 1809 carved above the door.carved above the door.

IMPROVING YOUR MEMORY

RECITE WHAT YOU'VE LEARNEDRECITE WHAT YOU'VE LEARNED:: Recite for these reasons: it increases your Recite for these reasons: it increases your

level of attention, it creates a stronger level of attention, it creates a stronger neural trace of memory by utilizing more neural trace of memory by utilizing more senses, it provides immediate feedback for senses, it provides immediate feedback for your studying and thereby increases your your studying and thereby increases your motivation. motivation.

1. Recite as you read, as you review your 1. Recite as you read, as you review your class notes, and as you study.class notes, and as you study.

2. For material which you need to remember 2. For material which you need to remember in some detail, reciting should take up 60%-in some detail, reciting should take up 60%-80% of your study time (relative to reading).80% of your study time (relative to reading).

IMPROVING YOUR MEMORY

REVIEW SOON AND IN SMALL, REVIEW SOON AND IN SMALL, FREQUENT "DOSES“:FREQUENT "DOSES“: While longer study sessions are effective for While longer study sessions are effective for

writing or for creative projects, most study is writing or for creative projects, most study is best done in short sessions with breaks (for best done in short sessions with breaks (for example, study for 50 minutes and take a example, study for 50 minutes and take a break for 10). break for 10).

1. Review your lecture notes immediately (that 1. Review your lecture notes immediately (that day or the next).day or the next).

2. As you walk to your next class, recall the 2. As you walk to your next class, recall the main points of the lecture you just attendedmain points of the lecture you just attended

IMPROVING YOUR MEMORY

IMPROVING YOUR MEMORY

USE MEMORY DEVICES SUCH AS USE MEMORY DEVICES SUCH AS ASSOCIATIONS AND MNEMONICSASSOCIATIONS AND MNEMONICS:: 1. Use word mnemonics 1. Use word mnemonics 2. Use sentence mnemonics 2. Use sentence mnemonics 3. Use mnemonics for spelling and for 3. Use mnemonics for spelling and for

keeping terminology straight: keeping terminology straight: 4. To improve memory, add humor and 4. To improve memory, add humor and

an "off color" element to your memory an "off color" element to your memory device.device.

TIP MENGULANGKAJI MENJELANG PEPERIKSAAN:

LANGKAH A : ANALISIS TOPIKLANGKAH A : ANALISIS TOPIK LANGKAH B : MENCARI MAKLUMATLANGKAH B : MENCARI MAKLUMAT LANGKAH C : MENGULANGKAJILANGKAH C : MENGULANGKAJI LANGKAH D : PERANCANGAN LANGKAH D : PERANCANGAN

STRATEGIK BELAJAR.STRATEGIK BELAJAR.

LANGKAH A : ANALISIS TOPIK Senarai topik – rujuk sinopsis kursus.Senarai topik – rujuk sinopsis kursus. Kumpulan belajar – peranan.Kumpulan belajar – peranan. Analisis:-Analisis:-

PenguasaanPenguasaan SenangSenangPencapaianPencapaian PeluangPeluangPerbandinganPerbandingan

LANGKAH B : MENCARI MAKLUMAT.

Buku rujukan, pensyarah, tutor, nota, rakan.Buku rujukan, pensyarah, tutor, nota, rakan. Faham semua walaupun tidak penting.Faham semua walaupun tidak penting. Nota – peta mindaNota – peta minda Pembelajaran berkumpulan berkesan.Pembelajaran berkumpulan berkesan.

LANGKAH C : MENGULANGKAJI. Mentelaah nota.Mentelaah nota. ““Out put” learning.Out put” learning.

Jawab soalan.Jawab soalan.Kenali format soalan vs jawapan.Kenali format soalan vs jawapan.Semak jawapan.Semak jawapan.Rakan sepembelajaran.Rakan sepembelajaran.

PERANCANGAN STRATEGIK BELAJAR:- Pembinaan Matlamat PembelajaranPembinaan Matlamat Pembelajaran Menyediakan Jadual Perancangan Masa Menyediakan Jadual Perancangan Masa

Strategik.Strategik. Menyediakan Nota Belajar Dalam Bentuk Menyediakan Nota Belajar Dalam Bentuk

Peta Minda.Peta Minda. Menyediakan Lembaran Analisis Keperluan Menyediakan Lembaran Analisis Keperluan

Kendiri.Kendiri.

PERANCANGAN STRATEGIK BELAJAR:- Pembinaan Matlamat Pembelajaran:-Pembinaan Matlamat Pembelajaran:-

SSMMAARRTT

PERANCANGAN STRATEGIK BELAJAR:- Menyediakan Jadual Waktu Perancangan Menyediakan Jadual Waktu Perancangan

Masa Strategik.Masa Strategik.Ruang – masa, pelajaran, topik.Ruang – masa, pelajaran, topik.Waktu JITU pembelajaran.Waktu JITU pembelajaran.Masa tepat – minit terdekat.Masa tepat – minit terdekat.Pelbagai aktiviti pembelajaran.Pelbagai aktiviti pembelajaran.Mentelaah Kumpulan.Mentelaah Kumpulan.

PERANCANGAN STRATEGIK BELAJAR:- Menyediakan Nota Belajar Dalam Bentok Menyediakan Nota Belajar Dalam Bentok

Peta MindaPeta MindaGambaran menyeluruh topik.Gambaran menyeluruh topik.Membantu faham, ingat.Membantu faham, ingat.Kemaskini mudah.Kemaskini mudah.Ulangan kumpulan – tengok.Ulangan kumpulan – tengok.Fakta, huraian, gambar dllFakta, huraian, gambar dll

PERANCANGAN STRATEGIK BELAJAR:- Menyedaikan Lembaran Analisis Keperluan Menyedaikan Lembaran Analisis Keperluan

Kendiri.Kendiri.Pencapaian.Pencapaian.Kekuatan.Kekuatan.KelemahanKelemahanTindakanTindakan

Test Preparation

Make Time to StudyMake Time to Study Keep Up With AssignmentsKeep Up With Assignments Find a Study GroupFind a Study Group Write Down Key TopicsWrite Down Key Topics Condense Your NotesCondense Your Notes Practice Problem SolvingPractice Problem Solving Make Practice Essay QuestionsMake Practice Essay Questions Do Sample QuestionsDo Sample Questions

Emergency test preparation

A structured approach to crammingA structured approach to cramming Preview material to be coveredPreview material to be covered Be selective: skim chapters for main Be selective: skim chapters for main

pointspoints Concentrate on the main points Concentrate on the main points

Emergency test preparation

Begin with 5 sheets of paper:Begin with 5 sheets of paper:

1.1. Identify 5 key conceptsIdentify 5 key concepts or topics that will be or topics that will be covered on the testcovered on the test

2.2. In your own words, In your own words, write an explanation, write an explanation, definition, answerdefinition, answer, etc, etc

3.3. Compare your response ofCompare your response of (2) (2)

4.4. Edit or re-write your understandingEdit or re-write your understanding

5.5. Sequence and number each page of your topicsSequence and number each page of your topics

Emergency test preparation

6.6. Follow the above processFollow the above process for two additional for two additional conceptsconcepts

7.7. Place them in the 1 - 5 sequencePlace them in the 1 - 5 sequence and change and change numbering to 1 - 7numbering to 1 - 7

8.8. Follow the above process for one or two more Follow the above process for one or two more conceptsconcepts

9.9. Try not to exceed nine concepts;Try not to exceed nine concepts;focus on the most importantfocus on the most important

10.10. Review the day of the test, but try to relax Review the day of the test, but try to relax just beforejust before exam exam

TEST ANXIETY

BEFORE THE EXAM:BEFORE THE EXAM: Put things in perspective Put things in perspective .. Over-study for the exam Over-study for the exam Remind yourself of past successes.Remind yourself of past successes. Don't give a test the power to define you Don't give a test the power to define you

education education Visualize completing the test successfully Visualize completing the test successfully

despite your anxiety.despite your anxiety. . . Practice anxiety control strategies.Practice anxiety control strategies.

TEST ANXIETY

DURING THE EXAMDURING THE EXAM Try to avoid talking with other students right Try to avoid talking with other students right

before the exam. before the exam. Choose a seat in a place with few distractions Choose a seat in a place with few distractions Remind yourself of how hard you studied, how Remind yourself of how hard you studied, how

well you did on another exam, and how you've well you did on another exam, and how you've practiced anxiety control.practiced anxiety control.

Do not obsess about running out of time on the Do not obsess about running out of time on the test. test.

Approach your studying seriously, but think of the Approach your studying seriously, but think of the test as a game. test as a game.

MARK TWAIN

The secret of getting ahead is The secret of getting ahead is getting started. The secret of getting started. The secret of

getting started is breaking you getting started is breaking you complex overwhelming tasks complex overwhelming tasks

into smal manageable tasks, and into smal manageable tasks, and then starting on the first one.then starting on the first one.

JUARA

Jika anda mahu dapat Jika anda mahu dapat keputusan sebagaimana keputusan sebagaimana

juara dapat, pertama juara dapat, pertama sekali anda mesti sekali anda mesti

berfikir seperti juara.berfikir seperti juara.

ANTON CHEKHOV (1860-1904)

MANUSIA IALAHMANUSIA IALAH

APA YANG DIA APA YANG DIA PERCAYA.PERCAYA.

APABILA ANDA MENGUBAH PEMIKIRAN ANDA !

Anda mengubah kepercayaan anda.Anda mengubah kepercayaan anda. Apabila anda mengubah kepercayaan anda.Apabila anda mengubah kepercayaan anda.

Anda mengubah jangkaan anda.Anda mengubah jangkaan anda. Apabila anda mengubah jangkaan anda.Apabila anda mengubah jangkaan anda.

Anda mengubah sikap anda.Anda mengubah sikap anda. Apabila anda mengubah sikap anda.Apabila anda mengubah sikap anda.

Anda mengubah tabiat anda.Anda mengubah tabiat anda. Apabila anda mengubah tabiat anda.Apabila anda mengubah tabiat anda.

Anda mengubah prestasi anda.Anda mengubah prestasi anda. Apabila anda mengubah prestasi andaApabila anda mengubah prestasi anda

Anda mengubah kehidupan anda.Anda mengubah kehidupan anda.

Norman Vincent Peale.

UBAHLAH PEMIKIRAN UBAHLAH PEMIKIRAN ANDA, MAKA ANDA ANDA, MAKA ANDA AKAN MENGUBAH AKAN MENGUBAH

DUNIA ANDADUNIA ANDA....

Benedict Spinoza(1632-77)

Selagi seseorang itu Selagi seseorang itu mengimaginasikan bahawa mengimaginasikan bahawa

dia tidak boleh melakukannya, dia tidak boleh melakukannya, selagi dia menentukan tidak selagi dia menentukan tidak

melakukannya, maka melakukannya, maka akibatnya mustahil baginya akibatnya mustahil baginya

untuk melakukannya.untuk melakukannya.

BUKANLAH ILMU ITU BUKANLAH ILMU ITU DENGAN MEMBANYAKKAN DENGAN MEMBANYAKKAN RIWAYAT TETAPI ILMU ITU RIWAYAT TETAPI ILMU ITU

IALAH CAHAYA YANG IALAH CAHAYA YANG ALLAH LETAK DALAM ALLAH LETAK DALAM

HATIHATI..

IMAM MALIKIMAM MALIK