第十四章含氮有机化合物 (10 学时）

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第十四章含氮有机化合物 (10 学时）. 14.1 硝基化合物 14.2 胺的分类、命名法和结构 14.3 胺的制法 14.4 胺 的物理性质 14.5 胺的化学性质 14.6 重要的胺. 第十四章 含氮有机化合物. 14.7 季铵盐季铵碱 14.8 表面活性剂 14.9 离子交换树脂和离子交换膜 14.10 芳香族重氮和偶氮化合物 14.11 腈 异氰酸酯 三聚氰胺 三聚氰氯. 第十四章 含氮有机化合物. 分子内含有氮元素的有机化合物称为有机含氮化合物。 它的种类很多。 结构特征是含有： C-N N-N N-O - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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  • (1014.114.214.314.414.514.6

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  • 14.714.814.914.1014.11

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  • C-N N-N N-O C=N N=N N=O CN NN N-H ?

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  • 14.1 (-NO2) R-NO2 Ar-NO2,,

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  • 14.1CH3NO2NO2CH3-CH-CH32-

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  • 14.114.1.1 N=ONO

    NO0.122nmO-N-O127P-Nsp2 34-I,-C

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  • 14.114.1.2 :

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  • 14.114.1.2:

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  • 14.1 14.1.3 1.,, :

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  • 14.1 14.1.3 1. TNT

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  • 14.114.1.31.:

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  • 14.1 14.1.3 1.1

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  • 14.114.1.32.- ,--I-C--(-C) -pKa10,

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  • 14.114.1.32.- ,-,

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  • 14.114.1.32.(2)

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  • 14.114.1.32.(2)

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  • 14.1 14.1.3 2. (2) , :

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  • 14.114.1.32.(2)

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  • 14.114.1.32.(2)

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  • 14.114.1.32.(2) (a)

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  • 14.114.1.32.(2) (a)

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  • 14.114.1.32.(2) (b)N-

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  • 14.114.1.32.(2) (b)

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  • 14.114.1.32.(2) (b)

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  • 14.114.1.32.(2) (c)

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  • 14.114.1.3:

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  • 14.1(88%)(c)

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  • 14.114.1.32.(2) ,,

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  • 14.114.1.32.(2)

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  • 14.114.1.32.(2) -P287

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  • 14.114.1.32.(2)

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  • 14.114.1.32.(3) ,,,,-

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  • 14.114.1.32.(3)

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  • P288----1

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  • 14.114.1.32.(4) ,,,

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  • 14.114.1.32.(4):,.

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  • 14.114.1.32.(4):

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  • 14.114.1.32.(4):

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  • 14.114.1.32.(4):

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  • 14.114.1.32.(4):

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  • 14.114.1.32.(4):

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  • ()2.(4)

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  • 289

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  • jzddmjx@163.com

  • 14.2 14.2.1 ,()()()

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  • 14.214.2.1

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  • 14.214.2.1:NH3RNH2R2NHR3N

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  • 14.2 14.2.1 ,,,

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  • 14.214.2.1:

    H2NCH2CH2NH2C2H5NH2()()()

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  • 14.214.2.1 (NH4)+X-, :[N(CH3)4]+I-(NH4)+OH-,:[N(CH3)4]+OH-

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  • CH3NH214.214.2.2- , , :

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  • CH3NHC2H514.2-14.2.2- ,, :

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  • (CH3)2NH(C2H5)3N14.214.2.2- , :

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  • 14.22,5-14.2.2- ,, :

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  • 14.214.2.2- ,, :

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  • 14.2N-N,N-N--N-14.2.2- ,,N :

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  • 14.22-14.2.2- , :

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  • 14.22,5--3-2-14.2.2- :

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  • 14.22,5--3-N--2-14.2.2- :

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  • [(CH3)4N]+I-[CH3(CH2)11N(CH3)3]+Br-14.214.2.2 :

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  • P292----2 N- 44- N-- NN- 2--5- 6-- NN--3- NN---

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  • 14.2.3 Nsp3N,Nsp3 14.2

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  • 14.2.3 Nsp3 -NH2+C-I,,

    14.278

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  • 14.3.1 ,14.3

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  • 14.3.1 ,;;14.3

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  • 14.314.3.1 ,

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  • 14.3.12. 14.3

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  • 14.3.12. 14.3

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  • 14.3.21. 14.3

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  • 14.3.22. ,, :14.3

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  • 14.314.3.22. :RRCH-NH2()

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  • 14.3.22. ,,()14.3

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  • 14.3.22. :14.3

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  • 14.3.23. , :14.3

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  • 14.3 14.3.2 3. : ,-66

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  • 14.314.3.23.:

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  • 14.314.3.23. ()

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  • P294----3,4,5

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  • 14.4.1,,,,-14.4

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  • 14.4.1 , :14.4

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  • 14.4.1,,,,,14.4

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  • 14.4.1:14.4 CH3OCH3 CH3NHCH3 CH3CH2NH2 CH3CH2OH HCOOH 46 45 45 46 46

    / -24 7.5 17 78 101

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  • 14.4.114.4,,,

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  • P321---191-8215

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  • 14.5 14.5.1-NH2 ,

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  • 14.514.5.1,:pKb=3-5pKb=7-10NH3pKb=4.76

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  • 14.5 (CH3)2NH > CH3NH2 > (CH3)3N > NH3pKb 3.27 3.38 4.21 4.7614.5.1:(1),,: >>> -p ,,:

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  • 14.514.5.1(2),:,

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  • 14.514.5.1(2),:

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  • 14.514.5.1(3),,:

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  • 14.5 14.5.1 ,, :

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  • 14.5 14.5.1 ,, : ,,

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  • P298----7,8,97NaOH,H2O8-NH2 9-NO2-I-C-NH2

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  • 14.5 14.5.2 ,,

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  • 14.5 14.5.2 :

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  • 14.5 14.5.2 ,11.2N-

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  • 14.5 14.5.2,: ,,

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  • 14.5 14.5.2 , -N--- :-D

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  • 14.5 14.5.3 ,,N-,

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  • 14.5 14.5.3,

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  • 14.5 14.5.3 ,, :>> :

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  • 14.514.5.3: ,,,

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  • 14.5 14.5.3 , :N-N-

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  • 14.5 14.5.3N-P300,,

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  • 14.5 14.5.3 :

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  • 14.5 14.5.3 (),,,,

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  • 14.5 14.5.3 :

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  • 14.5NaOH/H2O:14.5.3

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  • 14.5RNH2R2NHR3NHClNaOHR3N ()HClRNH2R2NH:

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  • 14.51 6 NaOH KOH 2 C6H 5SO2 C1 3 4 KOHNaOH

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  • 14.5 14.5.4, , , 10

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  • 14.5 14.5.4N- N-,

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  • 14.5 14.5.4N-,,

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  • 14.5 14.5.4,,

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  • 14.514.5.4

    NaNO2/HClN2 ()

    N2 ()

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  • 14.514.5.51. ,,,

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  • 14.5 14.5.5 1. ,,,,

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  • 14.514.5.52. ,,,,,,

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  • 14.514.5.52.:

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  • 14.514.5.52. ,,, ,

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  • 14.514.5.53. ,,,,180

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  • 14.514.5.53.

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  • 14.514.5.53. ,,

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  • 14.514.5.53. ,,,

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  • 14.5 14.5.6 ,,,

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  • 14.514.5.6

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  • 14.514.5.6

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  • :

    Br2/H2OFeCl3

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  • P303----10,11,12

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  • 303,.

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  • P321---20213 2223

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  • jzddmjx@163.com

  • 14.714.7.1, ,,

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  • 14.714.7.2 NaCN

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  • 14.714.7.2

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  • 14.714.7.215-25

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  • 14.714.7.2 CH2Cl + KCNCH3CN,18--6(100%)CH2CN25,0.4h

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  • 14.7 14.7.2 , :

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  • 14.7 14.7.3R4N+OH-,,,,,

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  • 14.714.7.3-,-,

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  • 14.714.7.3-,P151

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  • P30713CH2=CHCH2CH2CH2-N(CH3)214-

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  • 14.8 ,(),

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  • 14.814.8.1,(-SO3-Na+)(-OSO2O-Na+)[-OPO(O-Na+)2](-COO-Na+)(),,C10-C18

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  • 14.814.8.2 ,,

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  • 14.814.8.2 ,,:

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  • 14.814.8.2,, C12-C18 ,

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  • 14.814.8.2AlCl3,1-1--,,

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  • 14.814.8.22.

    HCl[C12H25N(CH3)3]+Cl-

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  • 14.814.8.22.

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  • 14.8.2 3. -COO--SO3--OSO3-NN--N-14.8

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  • 14.8.2 3. 14.8

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  • 14.814.8.24. ()

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  • 14.814.8.24.

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  • 121424

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  • 14.9

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  • 14.914.9.11.

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  • 14.914.9.11.

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  • 14.91.

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  • 14.914.9.11.

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  • 14.914.9.1.COOH,-O-P(OH2),

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  • 14.914.9.1.

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  • 14.914.9.13. () -NR3OH- +

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  • 14.914.9.1 3.

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  • 14.9

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  • 14.914.9.13.

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  • 14.914.9.14. Cl-SO42-NO3-

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  • 14.914.9.2 311

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  • 14.10-N=N-,,:-N=N-,,:

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  • 14.10 , :

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  • 14.1014.10.1 , ,

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  • 14.1014.10.1 KI-HNO2I-I2,

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  • P312----14

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  • 14.1014.10.2 ,,,,

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  • 14.10 14.10.2,pH(pH

  • 14.1014.10.3. (1) ,,:

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  • 14.1014.10.3. (1) ,,,:

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  • 14.1014.10.3. (1) ,,,:

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  • 14.1014.10.3. (2) ,

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  • 14.1014.10.3. (2) :

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  • 14.1014.10.3. (3) (H3PO2),,:

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  • 14.1014.10.3. (3) : ,

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  • 14.1014.10.3. (3) ,,,:

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  • 14.10Fe+HCl

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  • 14.1014.10:1,3,5-

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  • -

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  • P314----15

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  • jzddmjx@163.com

  • 14.1014.10. (1) X-

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  • 14.1014.10.3. (1)

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  • 14.1014.10.3. (2) ,,4-

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  • 14.1014.10.3. (2) ,

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  • 14.10:

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  • 14.10,:

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  • 14.10 pH4.4,:

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  • 14.10 (Na2S2O4),:

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  • P317---161718

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  • 14.11 14.11.1CH3CNCH2=CH-CN

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  • 14.11.1NCCH2CH2CH2CH2CN14.11

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  • 14.11.1. (1)14.11

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  • 14.11.1. (1)14.11

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  • 14.11.1. (2)14.11

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  • 14.11.1. (3)14.11

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  • 14.11.1. (4)(14.11

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  • 14.11.3. 55 60 58 59 97.0 97.2 56.5 4914.11

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  • 14.11.1. 14.11

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  • 14.11.1. 14.11

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  • 14.11.1. 14.11

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  • 14.11.1.,3-14.11

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  • 14.11.2 N=C=O)14.11

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  • 14.11.2 14.11

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  • 14.11.214.11 4-13-

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  • 14.11.2 14.11

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  • 14.11.2-2,4-14.11

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  • 14.11.2 CO214.11

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  • - 14.11 P320

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  • P320 14.11

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  • P322---26293031323334

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  • P321---21(3)67P322---24(4), 2728

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  • jzddmjx@163.com

  • A B C

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  • P303----12(2)

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  • HNO3,H2SO4(CH3CO)2OBr2/H2OFe + HClH2OOH-

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  • P303----12(3)3

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  • -SO2-)-SO-)

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