第十四章含氮有机化合物 (10 学时）

(1014.114.214.314.414.514.6

[email protected]

14.714.814.914.1014.11

[email protected]

C-N N-N N-O C=N N=N N=O CN NN N-H ?

[email protected]

14.1 (-NO2) R-NO2 Ar-NO2,,

[email protected]

14.1CH3NO2NO2CH3-CH-CH32-

[email protected]

14.114.1.1 N=ONO

NO0.122nmO-N-O127P-Nsp2 34-I,-C

[email protected]

14.114.1.2 :

[email protected]

14.114.1.2:

[email protected]

14.1 14.1.3 1.,, :

[email protected]

14.1 14.1.3 1. TNT

[email protected]

14.114.1.31.:

[email protected]

14.1 14.1.3 1.1

[email protected]

14.114.1.32.- ,--I-C--(-C) -pKa10,

[email protected]

14.114.1.32.- ,-,

[email protected]

14.114.1.32.(2)

[email protected]

14.1 14.1.3 2. (2) , :

[email protected]

14.114.1.32.(2)

[email protected]

14.114.1.32.(2) (a)

[email protected]

14.114.1.32.(2) (b)N-

[email protected]

14.114.1.32.(2) (b)

[email protected]

14.114.1.32.(2) (c)

[email protected]

14.114.1.3:

[email protected]

14.1(88%)(c)

[email protected]

14.114.1.32.(2) ,,

[email protected]

14.114.1.32.(2)

[email protected]

14.114.1.32.(2) -P287

[email protected]

14.114.1.32.(2)

[email protected]

14.114.1.32.(3) ,,,,-

[email protected]

14.114.1.32.(3)

[email protected]

P288----1

[email protected]

14.114.1.32.(4) ,,,

[email protected]

14.114.1.32.(4):,.

[email protected]

14.114.1.32.(4):

[email protected]

()2.(4)

[email protected]

289

[email protected]

[email protected]

14.2 14.2.1 ,()()()

[email protected]

14.214.2.1

[email protected]

14.214.2.1:NH3RNH2R2NHR3N

[email protected]

14.2 14.2.1 ,,,

[email protected]

14.214.2.1:

H2NCH2CH2NH2C2H5NH2()()()

[email protected]

14.214.2.1 (NH4)+X-, :[N(CH3)4]+I-(NH4)+OH-,:[N(CH3)4]+OH-

[email protected]

CH3NH214.214.2.2- , , :

[email protected]

CH3NHC2H514.2-14.2.2- ,, :

[email protected]

(CH3)2NH(C2H5)3N14.214.2.2- , :

[email protected]

14.22,5-14.2.2- ,, :

[email protected]

14.214.2.2- ,, :

[email protected]

14.2N-N,N-N--N-14.2.2- ,,N :

[email protected]

14.22-14.2.2- , :

[email protected]

14.22,5--3-2-14.2.2- :

[email protected]

14.22,5--3-N--2-14.2.2- :

[email protected]

[(CH3)4N]+I-[CH3(CH2)11N(CH3)3]+Br-14.214.2.2 :

[email protected]

P292----2 N- 44- N-- NN- 2--5- 6-- NN--3- NN---

[email protected]

14.2.3 Nsp3N,Nsp3 14.2

[email protected]

14.2.3 Nsp3 -NH2+C-I,,

14.278

[email protected]

14.3.1 ,14.3

[email protected]

14.3.1 ,;;14.3

[email protected]

14.314.3.1 ,

[email protected]

14.3.12. 14.3

[email protected]

14.3.21. 14.3

[email protected]

14.3.22. ,, :14.3

[email protected]

14.314.3.22. :RRCH-NH2()

[email protected]

14.3.22. ,,()14.3

[email protected]

14.3.22. :14.3

[email protected]

14.3.23. , :14.3

[email protected]

14.3 14.3.2 3. : ,-66

[email protected]

14.314.3.23.:

[email protected]

14.314.3.23. ()

[email protected]

P294----3,4,5

[email protected]

14.4.1,,,,-14.4

[email protected]

14.4.1 , :14.4

[email protected]

14.4.1,,,,,14.4

[email protected]

14.4.1:14.4 CH3OCH3 CH3NHCH3 CH3CH2NH2 CH3CH2OH HCOOH 46 45 45 46 46

/ -24 7.5 17 78 101

[email protected]

14.4.114.4,,,

[email protected]

P321---191-8215

[email protected]

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.1-NH2 ,

[email protected]

14.514.5.1,:pKb=3-5pKb=7-10NH3pKb=4.76

[email protected]

14.5 (CH3)2NH > CH3NH2 > (CH3)3N > NH3pKb 3.27 3.38 4.21 4.7614.5.1:(1),,: >>> -p ,,:

[email protected]

14.514.5.1(2),:,

[email protected]

14.514.5.1(2),:

[email protected]

14.514.5.1(3),,:

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.1 ,, :

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.1 ,, : ,,

[email protected]

P298----7,8,97NaOH,H2O8-NH2 9-NO2-I-C-NH2

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.2 ,,

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.2 :

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.2 ,11.2N-

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.2,: ,,

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.2 , -N--- :-D

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.3 ,,N-,

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.3,

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.3 ,, :>> :

[email protected]

14.514.5.3: ,,,

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.3 , :N-N-

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.3N-P300,,

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.3 :

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.3 (),,,,

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.3 :

[email protected]

14.5NaOH/H2O:14.5.3

[email protected]

[email protected]

14.5RNH2R2NHR3NHClNaOHR3N ()HClRNH2R2NH:

[email protected]

14.51 6 NaOH KOH 2 C6H 5SO2 C1 3 4 KOHNaOH

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.4, , , 10

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.4N- N-,

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.4N-,,

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.4,,

[email protected]

14.514.5.4

NaNO2/HClN2 ()

N2 ()

[email protected]

14.514.5.51. ,,,

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.5 1. ,,,,

[email protected]

14.514.5.52. ,,,,,,

[email protected]

14.514.5.52.:

[email protected]

14.514.5.52. ,,, ,

[email protected]

14.514.5.53. ,,,,180

[email protected]

14.514.5.53.

[email protected]

14.514.5.53. ,,

[email protected]

14.514.5.53. ,,,

[email protected]

14.5 14.5.6 ,,,

[email protected]

14.514.5.6

[email protected]

:

Br2/H2OFeCl3

[email protected]

P303----10,11,12

[email protected]

303,.

[email protected]

P321---20213 2223

[email protected]

[email protected]

14.714.7.1, ,,

[email protected]

14.714.7.2 NaCN

[email protected]

14.714.7.2

[email protected]

14.714.7.215-25

[email protected]

14.714.7.2 CH2Cl + KCNCH3CN,18--6(100%)CH2CN25,0.4h

[email protected]

14.7 14.7.2 , :

[email protected]

14.7 14.7.3R4N+OH-,,,,,

[email protected]

14.714.7.3-,-,

[email protected]

14.714.7.3-,P151

[email protected]

P30713CH2=CHCH2CH2CH2-N(CH3)214-

[email protected]

14.8 ,(),

[email protected]

14.814.8.1,(-SO3-Na+)(-OSO2O-Na+)[-OPO(O-Na+)2](-COO-Na+)(),,C10-C18

[email protected]

14.814.8.2 ,,

[email protected]

14.814.8.2 ,,:

[email protected]

14.814.8.2,, C12-C18 ,

[email protected]

14.814.8.2AlCl3,1-1--,,

[email protected]

14.814.8.22.

HCl[C12H25N(CH3)3]+Cl-

[email protected]

14.814.8.22.

[email protected]

14.8.2 3. -COO--SO3--OSO3-NN--N-14.8

[email protected]

14.8.2 3. 14.8

[email protected]

14.814.8.24. ()

[email protected]

14.814.8.24.

[email protected]

121424

[email protected]

14.9

[email protected]

14.914.9.11.

[email protected]

14.91.

[email protected]

14.914.9.11.

[email protected]

14.914.9.1.COOH,-O-P(OH2),

[email protected]

14.914.9.1.

[email protected]

14.914.9.13. () -NR3OH- +

[email protected]

14.914.9.1 3.

[email protected]

14.9

[email protected]

14.914.9.13.

[email protected]

14.914.9.14. Cl-SO42-NO3-

[email protected]

14.914.9.2 311

[email protected]

14.10-N=N-,,:-N=N-,,:

[email protected]

14.10 , :

[email protected]

14.1014.10.1 , ,

[email protected]

14.1014.10.1 KI-HNO2I-I2,

[email protected]

P312----14

[email protected]

14.1014.10.2 ,,,,

[email protected]

14.10 14.10.2,pH(pH

14.1014.10.3. (1) ,,:

[email protected]

14.1014.10.3. (1) ,,,:

[email protected]

14.1014.10.3. (2) ,

[email protected]

14.1014.10.3. (2) :

[email protected]

14.1014.10.3. (3) (H3PO2),,:

[email protected]

14.1014.10.3. (3) : ,

[email protected]

14.1014.10.3. (3) ,,,:

[email protected]

14.10Fe+HCl

[email protected]

14.1014.10:1,3,5-

[email protected]

-

[email protected]

P314----15

[email protected]

[email protected]

14.1014.10. (1) X-

[email protected]

14.1014.10.3. (1)

[email protected]

14.1014.10.3. (2) ,,4-

[email protected]

14.1014.10.3. (2) ,

[email protected]

14.10:

[email protected]

14.10,:

[email protected]

14.10 pH4.4,:

[email protected]

14.10 (Na2S2O4),:

[email protected]

P317---161718

[email protected]

14.11 14.11.1CH3CNCH2=CH-CN

[email protected]

14.11.1NCCH2CH2CH2CH2CN14.11

[email protected]

14.11.1. (1)14.11

[email protected]

14.11.1. (2)14.11

[email protected]

14.11.1. (3)14.11

[email protected]

14.11.1. (4)(14.11

[email protected]

14.11.3. 55 60 58 59 97.0 97.2 56.5 4914.11

[email protected]

14.11.1. 14.11

[email protected]

14.11.1.,3-14.11

[email protected]

14.11.2 N=C=O)14.11

[email protected]

14.11.2 14.11

[email protected]

14.11.214.11 4-13-

[email protected]

14.11.2 14.11

[email protected]

14.11.2-2,4-14.11

[email protected]

14.11.2 CO214.11

[email protected]

- 14.11 P320

[email protected]

P320 14.11

[email protected]

P322---26293031323334

[email protected]

P321---21(3)67P322---24(4), 2728

[email protected]

[email protected]

A B C

[email protected]

P303----12(2)

[email protected]

HNO3,H2SO4(CH3CO)2OBr2/H2OFe + HClH2OOH-

[email protected]

P303----12(3)3

[email protected]

-SO2-)-SO-)

[email protected]

Documents

第十四章含氮有机化合物 (10 学时）