האם סטנדרטיזציה של המערכת לניהול בטיחות 18001 OHSAS מביאה...

האם סטנדרטיזציה של המערכת OHSAS 18001לניהול בטיחות

מביאה לשיפור ביצועי הבטיחות?

איתן נוה

Technion - Israel Institute for Technology

Center for Work Safety and Human Engineering

OHSASOHSAS 18001 18001 A Safety Management System A Safety Management System

Systematic method for managing safety Planning: Risk assessment, Org. Structure &

responsibility, Documentation Control: Measurement, Corrective &

Elimination actions, Auditing Improvement

עליהם מבוסס התקן עקרונות ניהול

התמקדות בלקוחמנהיגותמעורבות עובדיםגישה תהליכיתגישה מערכתיתשיפור מתמידגישה עובדתית לקבלת החלטות

Safety Plan-Do-Check-Act CycleSafety Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle

4ActAct

1 PlanPlan

2 DoDo

3CheckCheck

1. What change is needed in order to gain safety?

2. Carry out suggested change to the process.

3. Evaluate the results of the change to the process. Did the anticipated improvement occur?

4. Make the change permanent, or try again; begin with STEP 1 for a new cycle.

OHSAS 18001OHSAS 18001 A Safety Management System A Safety Management System

Can voluntary OHSAS 18001 certification alleviate the regulatory burden while improving safety?

עקרונות הפעולה של תקן ניהול בטיחות 18001

ניסוח מדיניות וקביעת יעדים

ביצוע איתור ומיפויסיכונים

כתיבת נהלי עבודה תואמים

כתיבת נהלי טיפול במצביחירום

הגדרת דרישות הדרכהוביצוע הדרכות

בהתאם

בנית תכנית עבודהלשינויים הנדסיים

נדרשים

ביצוע הפעילות היום יומית במפעל

בהתאם לנהלים ותוך שיתוף העובדים

ניתוח תאונות

וכמעט וניפגע

טיפול ותרגול

מצבי חירום

ביצוע השינוייםההנדסיים בהתאםלתוכנית העבודה

הערכת ביצועים ומעקב עמידה ביעדיהתוכנית בכל רמות התפעול במפעל

תוך שאיפה לעדכון ושיפור מתמידים

תפעול המפעל

פעולות תיכנון

מעקב ובקרה

ביצוע מבדקים וסיקרי הנהלה

פעולות הנהלה

ביצוע הדרכות בטיחותיותנדרשות

What is ISO 9000?What is ISO 9000?

No shortcuts are supposed to be taken. Third party auditor site visits, take place twice a

year to verify compliance. Aim to get organizations to satisfy customer

needs at each stage of the value chain. Managers set up essential business processes

for training, skills, procedures, policies, etc. Built-in mechanisms for continuous improvement

including corrective action system.

Quality StandardsQuality Standards

Success rate of QI initiatives is questionable (Hendricks & Singhal, 2001; Staw & Epstein, 2000).

WHEN DOES ISO 9000 CERTIFICATION MAKE A DIFFERENCE?

Reasons for failures in Reasons for failures in ImplementationImplementation

Superficial implementation (Anderson, Rungtusanatham & Schroeder, 1994);

Lack of emphasis on the organizational cultural values–essential for quality improvement (Detert, Schroeder & Mauriel, 2000);

Responses to external pressures rather than to the real needs of the organization (Westphal, Gulati, & Shortell, 1997);

Lack of true leadership with a vision toward quality improvement; rhetoric prevailing over substance (Zbaracki, 1998);

Bureaucracy involved in the quality initiatives (Hackman & Wageman, 1995).

Assimilation-Externally coordinated-Internal integration-Used in daily practice-Applied to solving problems-Kept current  

Safety Performance

CatalystFor Change

Conditions for Conditions for Successful Implementation of OHSAS Successful Implementation of OHSAS 18001 in Decentralized Organizations18001 in Decentralized Organizations

Dimensions of Assimilation:Dimensions of Assimilation:PlanningPlanning

Integration: How to combine (Dierickx and Cool, 1989) and

how to customize (Westphal, Gulati and Shortell,

1997). External Coordination:

How to make the practice fit with the needs of the organization’s external constituencies and stakeholders.

Dimensions of Assimilation:Dimensions of Assimilation:DoingDoing

Used in Daily Practice: Application of the practice on a regular basis and making it part of the organization’s every day routines (Cooper

and Zmud, 1990). Applying to Problem Solving: The use of the

practice to make changes (Nelson and Winter, 1982: 130; Zbaracki, 1998).

Kept Current: The need to keep the practice updated. To prevent erosion maintenance is necessary.

CatalystCatalystFor Change For Change

Departing from the original rules of the new practice (Weick, 1998), so that the practice is used for exploration and learning (Levinthal and

March, 1993) and introduction of new and more advanced practices.

Assimilation provides the structure that implants the routines, while going beyond instills the flexibility that allows for departures from them.

ISO 9000 performance improvement

2.82.9

3.23.2

3.5

3.8

2.6

3

3.5

2.6

2.9

3.5

Low Medium High

Performance improvement

Imp

lem

enta

tio

n

leve

l

Kept current

Used in daily practice

Applying to problem solving

Catalyst for change