أساسيات تقنية التبريد عملي

אאJJ

- ١ -

אאWאאאK אאW

אאW ١K אאאאK٢K אאאאK٣K אאK ٤K אאאאK

אאאW אא٩٠K٪

אאW ٨K

א ١٧١ אא א J אא

- ٢ -

אאWאא

אאאאאאאאאKאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאK אאאאא

אאאאאאאאאא،א،אאאאאKKKKא

א אKאאאא(p-h)אאאK

- ٣ -

אא אא

،אאאLאאאK

אא،אאא،אאאKאאא

אא،אאא٤K

- ٤ -

אאא

אאאF١ J١WE

Expansion

Compressor

Evaporator

Condenser23

F١–١WEאאאא

אW אא(compressor)

אאאא،אאאאאK

א،א، FאF٢EאE

- ٥ -

א (Condenser) אאאאאאאאא

אאאאK א،،א

FאF٣EאE

א(expansion valve) אאאFא

throttlingEאאאאאאאאK

،אא، FאF٤EאE

א(Evaporator)

אאאאאאאאאאK

א،،א FאF١EאE

אאאאW

١ JאK ٢ JאK

- ٦ -

אאא אאאאF١ J٢Eא(A1) א

א220Vא(S1)،א(B1) ،אאאאאK

1A 1M 2M

1M المروحة- الضاغط2M المروحة- المكثف

2PW11P

F٢–٢WEאאא

- ٧ -

אאאא

אאאאFp-hEאW

Expansionvalve

Compressor

Evaporator

Condenser

F١–٣WEאאאFp-hE

אW א12 ←אFאcS =E אW 23א← אאא Fאcp =E אWא34 ←אא Fאch =E אW א41←אאא Fאcp =E

- ٨ -

אאאF١–١EK אW

١K אאאFP-hKE ٢K אאFCOPKE ٣K אאאאאא،K

אאאאFC°WEC°22 אW12RאW

אאאאF%WE%60 אW אאא אאF١E F٢EF٣E

אFאE EvapPbar9.0 אFאE

CondPbar10 אא EvapTC°14−

אא CondTC°45+

א Rm& skg0033.0

אאFאEiVT C°22+

אאא oETC°7−

אאא iCT C°11−

אאא oCTC°60+

אאאא C°3− אאאא C°5−

אאא A 3 אאא)(P W440

F١–١WEאא

- ٩ -

אW ١E אאאFp-hKE

אאW ١K אאאאאFp-hEאאF١ J٢WE

אאא אאF١E ١ אFאE EvapPbar9.0 ٢ אFאE

CondPbar10 ٣ אאFאE

iVTC° 22+ ٤ אאא

iCTC° 11− ٥ אאא

oCTC° 60+ F١–٢WEאאאאאFp-hKE

- ١٠ -

٢K אאאאאאאאW K אFאE K אFאE

Wbar1א،אאK אאZאHbar1Z bar11

אאZאHbar1Z bar9.1 אאאאא

אאאאאF١–٤WE

F١–٤WEאאאאFp-hE

- ١١ -

٣K אאאFC°−11EאF١EאאאאאאW

K אאFC°−11EאאFC°−10EאאFC°−14KE

K אאאאFC°−10KE K אאאאFC°−14E

אK K אאאK K אאאאFC°−10EאאFC°−11KE

F١–٥WE

F١–٥WEאF١EאFp-hE

- ١٢ -

٤K אאאFC°+ 60EאF٢Eא

אאF١–٦WE

F١–٦WEאF٢EאFp-hE

- ١٣ -

٥K אF١EF٢EF١–٧WE

F١–٧WEאF٢EאFp-hE

- ١٤ -

٦K אאFאFEC°+ 22EאF٣EאאאאאאW

K אאFC°+ 22EאאFC°20EאאFC°30KE

K אאאFC°20،C°30EאK K אאאאFC°20EאאFC°+ 22KE K אFC°+ 22EאאאF٣E

F١–٨WE

F١–٨WEאF٣EאFp-hE

- ١٥ -

٧K אF٣EאאאF٤KE F١–٩WE

F١–٩WEאF٤EאFp-hE

- ١٦ -

٨K אF٢EF٣EאF٤EF١EאאאFp-hEאF١–١٠WE

F١–١٠WEאאאFp-hE

- ١٧ -

٢E אאFCOPKE W

אאאא،אאאאאאאאאאאאאKW

אאZאאאאLא

workcompressorevaporatortheinabsorbedheatCOP =

١K אp-hאא،W

א א א א אא

iEh kgkJ / 220 אא

oEh kgkJ / 350 אא

iCh kgkJ / 347 אא

oCh kgkJ / 382 F١–٣WEאאא

אאאF٤EאFhKE אאאאא

FKאאF٣E٦א،אאאWC°− 7KE

אאאF١EאFhKE אאאF٢EאFhKE

- ١٨ -

٢K א،אאאאא،אאאאאW

אW אא)(RE

hhREio EE

130220350 =−=

א)( cw

hhwio CCC

35347382 =−=

אא)(COP

א)( cWW )( 12 hhmwmW cc −×=×= && WkW 5.1151155.0350033.0 ==×=

א)( eQW REmQe ×= &

W אא=m&

REmQe ×= & WkW 429429.01300033.0 ==×=

F7.35.115

429===

אאW)(η %2626.0

4405.115

- ١٩ -

א א א א א

אא REkgkJ /io EE hhRE −= 130 א

CwkgkJ /io CCC hhw −= 35 א cWWcc wmW ×= & 5.115

אא COP Cw

RECOP = 7.3 א eQWREmQe ×= & 429

אא η %PWc=η 26

F١–٤WEא ٣אא،אאאאK

W אאZאאא–אא אאZאא–אא

١K אאאF١ J١EאאW

אאאאFC°WE אWאW אאאאF%WE אW אאא אאF١E

אא CondTC°45+

אא EvapTC°14− אאא

iCTC°11− אאא

oCTC°60+ אאFאE

iVTC°22+ F١–٥WEא

- ٢٠ -

אp-hא،FSEאאאFsTE،אאאW

J אF١EאאK J אאאאFSKE J אאאאאאFSEא

K J אאאFsTEאאK

F١–١١E

F١–١١WEאאאFp-hE

FsTEאW

אא אאא

אאאא sT C°51

- ٢١ -

אאא،א،אאא؛אאW

TT EvapCi

°+=+−=−−−=

31411)14()11(אא

TTiVCond

°=−+=

23)22()45(אאא

11601151

)11()60()11()51(

=−−−−

Css TT

א א א א א

אא J C°EvapC TTi− 3

אאא J C°iVCond TT − 23 א

sη - io

Css TT

−=η 87.0

F١–٦WEא

- ٢٢ -

אא אאאאK

אאאW ١K אאW

אאא،אאאאא1אbarאK

אאאא،אאאאאKא

K ٢K אאאW

אאאאאא،אא1barאK

אאאאאK

- ٢٣ -

א אא،אאאאא

אאאאK אאW

אאWאאאאאKאאאאא

אK אאW

אאאW ١ JאFVacuum PumpEK ٢ JאאF Portable Charging StationEאאK

FEאK FEאאK

F١–١٢WEא

אאאאW ١ JאKאאF١ J١٣KE ٢ JK ٣ JKאאF١ J١٢KE

אאW ١K אאאאF١–١٣KE

- ٢٤ -

٢K אK ٣K אW1،2،3، 4K

F١–١٣WEאאא

٤K א،K ٥K אK ٦K אWA،B،C،DאK ٧K א٣٠K ٨K אW A،B،C،DK ٩K אK

١٠K אאEFאאKE ١١K אאWB،C،Dאאא1 barK ١٢K אWD،EאK ١٣K אK ١٤K אאEאאאK ١٥K אאK ١٦K אאאאאא

אאK ١٧K אWE،B،CאK

אאאאא

אאJJ

א ١٧١ אא א J אאאאא

אאWאאאאא אאאאאאWאא

אK אאW

אאW ١K אאK ٢K אאאאK ٣K אאK ٤K אאאFp-hKE ٥K אאאK

אאאW

אא٩٠K٪

אאW ١٨K

אאW ١K אאאאK ٢K אאאK ٣K אאWאאאאאW

אאאאK

אאW אאא،אאאאF

אEWאK

אאWאאא אF١E

אאWאאאאK אאאאאאאW

אאFE،אאאW

אא אאא

אא ١ ١ א 1A ٢ ١ FF 1 ٣ ١ 3B ٤ ١ אא 1C ٥ ١ 1D ٦ ١ 1E ٧ ٢ FE 2N,1N

٨ ١ אאFE

FC°−+ 5/25E 1B

٩ ١ 1S ١٠١ ١١٢ FE 2X,1X ١٢١ אFE 1P ١٣١ אFאE 2P

١٤١ FEא

mm40Fin58E،mm915

١٥٤ FEא

mm72Fin617E،mm915

F٢–١WEאאאא

אW אאאאאF،

KE אאW

١K אאאאF٢ J١KE ٢K אאאאF٢ J٢KE ٣K אאאאאאK ٤K אאאאאאאK ٥K אאאאאאאאK ٦K אאK ٧K אאאאא

א،א–אא–K ٨K א،אאאאW

J אאאאאFאEאK

Wbar1א،אאK J אאאאא

אK J אא(rotameter). J אאאא

אK J אאאאאK J אאאאFאKE J אאאאFאKE

٩K אאאאK WאאאאאאאK

PI+PI_

خط السحب

خط السائل

אF٤E

F٢–١WEאאא

1A 1M 2M

2PW11P

F٢–٢WEאאא

אאW KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאאאFC°KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWEאאאאF%KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWE

אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW אWאאא אאF١EF٢EF٣EF٤E

אFאE CondPbar

אFאE EvapPbar אא

CondTC° אא EvapTC°

א Rm&s

kg אאFאE

iVT C° אאא

oETC° אאא

iCT C° אאא

oCTC° אאאא C°

אאאא C° אאא A אאא)(P W

F٢–٢WEא

אאW אאאאאאFא

אEאאאW • אW א • אW א • אאW א • אאW א • אאאW א • אאאW א • אאאW א • אאאאWא • אאאאWא • אאאW א • אאW א

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אF٢E אאW

א Jא JאFP-hEאאאא،FCOPEאאא

K אאאאאאאW

،א،،،אאאF١E،אFP-

hKE אW

אאאFP-hEאא،אאאFCOPKE

אאW ١ JאאאאF١EF٢EF٣EF٤EאאF٢ J٢Eאא

אW אאW

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK FC°KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWEאאאא

אאאאF%KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWEאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW אW

אאא אאF١EF٢EF٣EF٤EאFאE

CondPbar אFאE EvapPbar

אאFאEiVTC°

אאא oETC°

אאא iCTC°

אאא oCTC°

F٢–٣WEאאאאאp-hK

٢ Jאאאאp-hאאאאאאאK ٣ JאP-hאא،W

א א א א אא

iEh kgkJ / אא

oEh kgkJ / אא

iCh kgkJ / אא

oCh kgkJ / F٢–٤WEאאא

٤ JאP-hא،FSE،FsTEאW

אא אאאאאאא

sT C° ٥ J،אאאאאא،אא

אאאאW Jאא)(RE

io EE hhRE −= Jא)( cw

io CCC hhw −=

Jא)( cW cc wmW ×= &

Jאא)(COP

CwRECOP =

Jא)( eQ REmQe ×= &

Jאאאsη

iCss TT

−=η

JאאW)(η

PWc=η

א א א א א אא REkgkJ /io EE hhRE −= א

CwkgkJ /io CCC hhw −= א cWWcc wmW ×= &

אא COP Cw

RECOP = א eQWREmQe ×= &

אאsη % iCoC

iCss TT

−=η

אא η %PWc=η

F٢–٥WEא

א א א א א אא REkgkJ /io EE hhRE −=

א CwkgkJ /io CCC hhw −=

אא COP J Cw

RECOP =

אאsη % iCoC

iCss TT

−=η

אא η %PWc=η

F٢–٦WEא

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אF٣E אאW

אאאאא JאK

אאאאאאאW ،،א،،אאאאP-hF١KE

אW אאאאאא

א،K אאW

١ JאאאאF١EF٢EF٣EF٤EאF٢ J٢EאאאW

אא CondTC°

אא EvapTC° אאא

iCTC° אאא

oCTC° אאF

אE iVT C°

F٢–٧WEא

١K ؛אאאא،אאאאW

א א א א א אא J C°EvapC TT

אאא J C°iVCond TT − F٢–٨WEא

אF٤E אאW

אאאאK אאאאאאאW

אאFE،אאאW

אא א

אאאא

١ ١ א 1A ٢ ١ FF 1 ٣ ١ 3B ٤ ١ אא 1C ٥ ١ 1D ٦ ١ 1E ٧ ٢ FE 2N,1N

٨ ١ אאFאE

FC°−+ 5/25E 1B

٩ ١ 1S ١٠١ ١١٢ FE 2X,1X ١٢١ אFE 1P ١٣١ אFאE 2P

١٤١ FEא

mm40Fin58E،mm915

١٥٤ FEא

mm72Fin617E،mm915

F٢–٩WEאאאא

אW אאאאאא

אאאFאאKE אאW

١K אאאאF٢ J٣EK ٢K אאאאF٢ J٤KE ٣K אאאאאאK ٤K אאאאאאאK ٥K אאאאאאאאK ٦K אאK ٧K אאאאא

א،א–אא–K ٨K אאאאא،W

J אאאאאFאEאK

אK J אאK J אאאא

٩K אאאאK WאאאאאאאK

PI+PI_

خط السحب

אF٤E

F٢–٣WEאאא

1A 1M 2M 3M 4M

3M4M المروحة- المبخر /

2PW11P

F٢–٤WEאאא

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK אאאאFC°KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWE

אאא אאF١EF٢EF٣E)٤( אFאE

אא CondTC°

אא EvapTC° א

Rm&skg

אאFאEiVT C°

אאא oETC°

אאא iCT C°

אאא oCTC°

אאאא C° אאאא C°

אאא A אאא W

قيم القياس): ١٠ – ٢(جدول

אאW אאאFאאEא

אאW Wא • א • אW א • אאW א • אאW א • אאאW א • אאאW א • אאאW א • אאאאWא • אאאאWא • אאאW א • אאW א

אאF٥E אאW

אא Jא Jאאאא،אK

אאאאאאאW ،א،،،אאאF٤E،אFP-

hKE אW

אאW ١K אאאאF١EF٢EF٣EF٤EאF٤EאאאW

אFאE CondPbar

אFאE EvapPbar אאFאE

iVTC° אאא

oETC° אאא

iCTC° אאא

oCTC° F٢–١١WEאאאאאp-hK

٢K אאאאP-hאאאאאאאK

٣K אP-hאא،W

א א א א אא

iEhkgkJ / אא

oEhkgkJ / אא

iChkgkJ / אא

oChkgkJ / F٢–١٢WEאאא

٤K ،אאאאא،אאא

אאאW

אא COP Cw

RECOP =

F٢–١٣WEא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאF٦E אאW

אאאאא Jא JאK

אאאאאאאW ،א،،،אאאאP-hF٤KE

אW אאאאאא،

אK אאW

١K אאאF٤EאאאW אאW

אאאאF%KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWEאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK אW

אאא אאF١EF٢EF٣EF٤Eאא

אאא iCTC°

אאא oCTC°

אאFאE iVT C°

F٢–١٤WEא ٢K אP-hא،FSE،FsTEאW

אא אאאאאאא

sT C° F٢–١٥WEאאא

٣K אא؛אאאאא،א،אW

א א א א א

א J C°EvapC TTi−=

אא J C°iVCond TT −=

א sη -

Css TT

−=η

F٢–١٦WEא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאWאאא F١Eא

אאW אאאאK

אאאאאאאW אאFE،אאאW

אא אאא

אא ١ ١ א 1A ٢ ١ FF 1 ٣ ١ 3B ٤ ١ אא 1C ٥ ١ 1D ٦ ١ 1E ٧ ٢ FE 2N,1N

٨ ١ אאFאE

FC°−+ 5/25E 1B

٩ ١ 1S ١٠١ ١١٢ FE 2X,1X ١٢١ אFE 1P ١٣١ אFאE 2P

١٤١ FEא

mm40Fin58E،mm915

١٥٤ FEא

mm72Fin617E،mm915

F٢–١٧WEאאאא

אW אאאאא

אK אאW

١K אאאאF٢ J٥EK ٢K אאאאF٢ J٦KE ٣K אאאאאאK ٤K אאאאאאאK ٥K אאאאאאאאK ٦K אאK ٧K אאאאא

א،א–אא–K ٨K אאא،אאW

J אאאאאFאEאK

٩K אאK WאאאאאאK

PI+PI_

خط السحب

خط السائل

مبخر استاتيكي

مبخر ديناميكي

אF٢EF٣E.

F٢–٥WEאאאא

1A 1M 2M 3M 4M

2PW11P

F٢–٦WEאאא

אאאאF%KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWEאWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK אW

אאא אאאFאE

אא CondTC°

אא EvapTC° א

Rm&skg

אאFאE iVT C°

אאא oETC°

אאא iCTC°

אאא oCTC°

אאא A אאא W

F٢–١٨WEא

אאW אאאא

אW • אW א • אW א • אאW א • אאW א • אW א • אאאW א • אאאW א • אאאW א • אאאאWא • אאאאWא • אאאW א • אאW א

אF٢E אאW

אאאFP-hEאא،אאFCOPKE

אאאאאאאW ،א،،אאא،F١E،FP-hKE

אW אאאFP-hEאא،

אאאFCOPKE אאW

١K אF١EאאאW אאW

אאא אא

אFאE

אאFאEiVTC°

אאא oETC°

אאא iCTC°

אאא oCTC°

F٢–١٩WEאאאאאp-hK

٢K אאאאp-hאאאאאאאK ٣K אp-hאא،W

א אא א

אאא

iEhkgkJ / אא

oEhkgkJ / אא

iChkgkJ / אא

oChkgkJ / F٢–٢٠WEאאאK

٤K אאאאא،،אאא

אאאW

א אאא א

אREkgkJאא /io EE hhRE −=

אCwkgkJ /io CCC hhw −=

אאCOP Cw

RECOP =

F٢–٢١WEא KKKKKKKKKKKKKWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אF٣E אאW

אאאאאאK

אאאאאאאW ،א،،،אאאאP-hF١KE

אW ،אאאאאא

אK אאW

١K אאאF١EאאאW אאW

אאא אאאא

אאא iCTC°

אאא oCTC°

אאFאE iVT C°

F٢–٢٢WEא

٢K אP-hא،FSE،FsTEאW

אא אאא

אאאאsTC°

F٢–٢٣WEאאא

٣K ،אאא؛אאאא،אאW

א אאא א

א JC°EvapC TTi−=

אא JC°iVCond TT −=

אsη-

Css TT

−=η

F٢–٢٤WEא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאWאאא F١Eא

אאW אאאאK

אאאאאאאW אאFEאאאW

אא אאא

אא١ ١ א 1A ٢ ١ FF 1 ٣ ١ 3B ٤ ١ אא 1C ٥ ١ 1D ٦ ١ 1E ٧ ٢ FE 2N,1N

٨ ١ אאFE

FC°−+ 5/25E 1B

٩ ١ 1S ١٠١ ١١٢ FE 2X,1X ١٢١ אFE 1P ١٣١ אFאE 2P

١٤١ FEא

mm40Fin58E،mm915

١٥٤ FEא

mm72Fin617E،mm915

F٢–٢٥WEאאאא

אW אאאאאא

אאאK אאW

١K אאאאF٢ J٧EK ٢K אאאאF٢ J٨KE ٣K אאאאאאK ٤K אאאאאאאK ٥K אאאאאאאאK ٦K אאK ٧K אאאאא

J אאאאאאK

٩K א،אאK ١٠K א،אאאK WאאאאאאK

PI+PI_

خط السحب

אF٤E

F٢–٧WEאאאאK

1A 1M 2M 3M 4M

2PW11P

F٢–٨WEאאא

אא CondTC°

אא EvapTC° א

Rm&skg

אאFאEiVT C°

אאא oETC°

אאא iCT C°

אאא oCTC°

אאא A אאא W

F٢–٢٦WEא

אאW אאאאאאא

אW אאאא • אW א א • אW א א • אW א א • אאW א א • אאW א א • אאאW א א • אאאW א א • אאאW א א אWאאאא • א • אאאאWא א • אאאW א א • אאW א א

KKKWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אF٢E אאW

אאאFp-hEאאאא،FCOPKE

אאאאאאאW ،א،،،אאאF١Eא،Fp-hKE

אW אאא،אאא

אאK אאW

אאFאEiVTC°

אאא oETC°

אאא iCTC°

אאא oCTC°

F٢–٢٧WEאאאאאp-hK

٢K אאאאP-hאאאאאאאK

٣K אP-hאא،W

א א א א אא

iEhkgkJ / אא

oEhkgkJ / אא

iChkgkJ / אא

oChkgkJ / F٢–٢٨WEאאא

٤K אאא،אא،אאאאאאW

אא COP Cw

RECOP =

F٢–٢٩WEא

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אF٣E אאW

אאאאאאK

אאאאאאאW ،א،،،אאאאP-hF١EF٢KE

אW ،אאאאאא

אK אאW

١K אאאF١EאאאW

אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW אWאאא א אF١E

אא CondT C°

אא EvapT C° אאא

iCT C° אאא

oCT C° אאFאE

iVT C° F٢–٣٠WEא

٢K אP-hא،FSE،FsTEאW

אא א אא

אאאא sT C°

F٢–٣١WEאאא

٣K אאאא،א،אאא؛אW

א א א א א אא J C°EvapC TT

אאא J C°iVCond TT −

א sη -

Css TT

−=η

F٢–٣٢WEא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאאWאאאא F١Eא

אאW אאאאאאFE،

K אאאאאאאW

אאFE،אאאW

אא אאאאא

١ ١ א 1A ٢ ١ FF 1 ٣ ١ 3B ٤ ١ אא 1C ٥ ١ אא 1D ٦ ١ 1E ٧ ٢ FE 2N,1N

٨ ١ אאFE

FC°−+ 5/25E 1B

٩ ١ 1S ١٠١ ١١٢ FE 2X,1X ١٢١ אFE 1P ١٣١ אFאE 2P

١٤١ FEא

mm40Fin58E،mm915

١٥٤ FEא

mm72Fin617E،mm915

F٢–٣٣WEאאאא

אW אאאאאא

אאאאאK אאW

١K אאאאF٢ J٩EK ٢K אאאאF٢ J١٠KE ٣K אאאאאאK ٤K אאאאאאאK ٥K אאאאאאאאK ٦K אאK ٧K אאאאא

J אאאאאאK

٩K א،אאאK ١٠K א،אאאאK WאאאאאאK

PI+PI_

خط السحب

خط السائل

אF٤E

F٢–٩WEאאאאאא

1A 1M 2M 3M 4M

2PW11P

F٢–١٠WEאאא

אאאאF%KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWEאKKKKKKKKWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK אW

אא CondTC°

אא EvapTC° א

Rm&skg

אאFאEiVT C°

אאא oETC°

אאא iCT C°

אאא oCTC°

אאא A אאא W

F٢–٣٤WEא

אאW אאאאאאאאא

אאאW אא אא • אW א א • אW א א • אW א א • אאW א א • אאW א א • אאאW א א • אאאW א א • אאאW א א • אאאאWא א • אאאאWא א • אאאW א א • אאW א א

KKKKKKKKWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אF٢E אאW

אאאאFE אFp-hEאאאא،FCOPKE

אאאאאאאW ،א،،،אאאF١E،אFp-

hKE אW

אאW ١K אF١EאאאאאאאW

אFאE CondPbar

אFאE EvapPbar אאFאE

iVTC° אאא

oETC° אאא

iCTC° אאא

oCTC° F٢–٣٥WEאאאאאp-hK

٢K אאאאp-hאאאאאאאK

٣K אp-hאא،W

א א א א אא

iEhkgkJ / אא

oEhkgkJ / אא

iChkgkJ / אא

oChkgkJ / F٢–٣٦WEאאא

٤K ،אאאאא،אאא

אאאW

אא COP Cw

RECOP =

F٢–٣٧WEא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אF٣E אאW

אאאאאאאFEאK

אאאאאאאW ،א،،،אאאאP-hF١EF٢KE

אW ،אאאאאא

אK אאW

١K אאאF١EאאאW אאW

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK אאאאFC°KKKKKKKKKKKKKWEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאFאEiVTC°

אאא oETC°

אאא iCTC°

אאא oCTC°

F٢–٣٨WEאאאאאp-hK

٢K אp-hא،FSE،FsTEאW

אא א א א

אאאא sT C°

F٢–٣٩WEאאא

٣K ،א،אאא؛אאאאאW

א א א א א

א J C°EvapC TTi−

אא J C°iVCond TT −

א sη -

Css TT

−=η

F٢–٤٠WEא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאWאאאאאא F١Eא

אאW אאאאK

אאאאאאאW אאFEאאא،W

אא אאא

אא ١ ١ א 1A ٢ ١ FF 1 ٣ ١ 3B ٤ ١ אא 1C ٥ ١ 1D ٦ ١ 1E ٧ ١ 1Y ٨ ٢ FE 2N,1N

٩ ١ אאFE

FC°−+ 5/25E 1B

١٠١ 1S ١١١ ١٢٢ FE 2X,1X ١٣١ אFE 1P ١٤١ אFאE 2P

١٥١ FEא

mm40Fin58E،mm915

١٦٤ FEא

mm72Fin617E،mm915

F٢–٤١WEאאאאאא

אW אאאאאאא

F،אEK אאW

١K אאאאF٢ J١١KE ٢K אאאאF٢ J١٢KE ٣K אאאאאאK ٤K אאאאאאאK ٥K אאאאאאאאK ٦K אאאאאF٢ J١١KE ٧K אאאאא

،אא–אא–K ٨K א،אאאאW

J אאאאאFאEאK

٩K אאK

W ١ Jאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאK

٢ Jאאאאאאאאאאא،אאאאאאK

אF٢EF٣E.

F٢–١١WEאאאאאא

1A 1M 2M 3M 4M

1M-2M-

3M4M /

2PW11P

F٢–١٢WEאאאאא

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK FC°KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWEאאאא

אאא אאא אFאE

אא CondTC°

אא EvapTC° א

Rm&skg

אאFאאE iVT C°

אאא oETC°

אאא iCTC°

אאא oCTC°

אאא A אאא W

F٢–٤٢WEא

אאW אאאאאאW

• אW א • אW א • אאW א • אאW א • אW א • אאאW א • אאאW א • אאאW א • אאאאWא • אאאאWא • אאאW א • אאW א

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אF٢E אאW

אאאאאFP-hEאא،אאFHPCOPKE

אאאאאאאW ،א،،،אאאF١E،FP-hKE

אW אאאאFP-hE،אאאא

אאאFHPCOPKE אאW

אאא אאא אFאE

אאFאEiVTC°

אאא oETC°

אאא iCTC°

אאא oCTC°

F٢–٤٣WEאאאאאאp-hK

٢K אאאאp-hאאאאאאאK ٣K אp-hאא،W

א אא א

אאא

iCondh .kgkJ / אא

oCondh .kgkJ / אא

iChkgkJ / אא

oChkgkJ / F٢–٤٤WEאאאאאK

١K אאאאאאאא،

אאא،אאW

אאא א

א אאא

oqkgkJ /oCondiCondo hhq .. −= א

CwkgkJ /io CCC hhw −=

אאHPCOP

qCOP =

F٢–٤٥WEא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

א ١٧١ אא

א R12

א ١٧١ אא

א R134a

א ١٧١

א m& skg / Mass flow rate

א p Pa Total pressure

א ep Pa Evaporator pressure

א cp Pa Condenser pressure

א cW W Compression work

א eQ W Evaporator load

אאאא cQ W Condenser heat transfer

אא RE kgJ Refrigeration effect

אא COP - Coefficient of performance

אא tQ W Total load

א h kgkJ Enthalpy

אאא fgh kgkJ Latent heat of vaporization

א sS , kgKJ / Entropy

א ١٧١ אא

אאREFERENCES א

1. K،١٩٨٣Fא JEא Jא،א

2. K،١٩٨٣FאEא Jא،א

3. KK،KK،אא١٩٨٥FאאאEא،אא

א،אK 4. Roy J.Dossat,1997"Principles of Refrigeration",4th Edition, Prentice Hall,

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Columbus, Ohio

5. Whitman. Johnson & Tomczyk, 2000 "Refrigeration And Air Conditioning Technology" 4th Edition, Delmar.

6. Althouse. Turnquist. Bracciano, 1996 "Modern Refrigeration And Air Conditioning" The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc.

7. Shan. K. Wang, 1994 "Handbook Of Air Conditioning And Refrigeration" McGraw-Hill.

8. William C. Whitman, William M. Johnson, 1988"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology , Concepts, Procedures and Troubleshooting Techniques", Revised Edition, Delmar.

9. Siemens Company "Instruction Module Kit Refrigeration & Air Conditioning"

א ١٧١ א

א ..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

אאWאא ......................................................................................................... ٢

אא ........................................................................................................................................ ٣

אאא ................................................................................................................................ ٤

אא٦ ....................................................................................................................................... א

אאאא ..................................................................................................... ٦

....................................................................................................................................................... ٨

א٢٢ ......................................................................................................................................... א

א ................................................................................................................................... ٢٣

אאWאאאא٢٥ ................................................................................................. א

אאWאאא .................................................................................... ٢٤

אאWאאא ...................................................................................... ٤٧

אאWאאא ........................................................................... ٥٧

אאאWאאאא ................................................................................. ٦٧

אאWאאאאאא ....................................................................................... ٧٧

אא ......................................................................................................................................... ٨٥

............................................................................................................................................... ٨٧

אאReferences ......................................................................................................................................... ٨٨

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