א א א א - cdd.tvtc.gov.sa · ١ k ٩ k ... e ١٥ f...

אאאא

אא א

אאאא

،א،אאא

،W אאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאא،אאאאא

אאאאאאאאאWאאאK

א א א אא ،אאאאאאאא،אא ،אאא א אא א א

אאאאא،אאאאאאאא

אאא،אאאK

א א ? א ? ?א?אאאאא

אאאK אאאאאא

א ،א אאא ،א א א א

אאK אאא؛א

אK אאאא

אאאא

אאK ١

אאאK ١٨

אאאאאאאK ٢٠

אאאאאאאאK ٢١

אאאאאאK ٢٢

אאאאאK ٢٣

אאאK ٢٣

אאאK ٢٥

אאאאאK ٢٥

אאאאK ٢٦

אאK ٢٨ אא

אאK ٣٠

אאאאאאאK ٣٢

אאאאאאאK ٣٣

١Lאא(Decimal System) K ٣٤

٢Lאא(Binary System)K ٣٤ אאאאאK ٣٥ אאאאאK ٣٦ אאאK ٣٨ אאK ٤٠ אאאK ٤١ אאאאאאK ٤٢

אאאא

אאאאאאK ٤٣ אאאאאאK ٤٤ אאאאאאK ٤٤ אאא(BCD)K ٤٥ אאאא)(BCDK ٤٦ אBCD) (אאK ٤٦ אאK ٤٧

אאאאK ٤٩

אאאאאאאK ٥١

אאאאאאאאאK ٥٢

אאW (Logic states) ٥٣ Wאא ")+ve "(Positive Logic K ٥٤ Wאא ")-ve "(Negative Logic ٥٥

אK ٥٦ אא(W5101-3E) K ٥٧ אא. ٥٨ אאא(Logic Gate) K ٥٩

١–א?–(AND gate) ? ٥٩ אK ٦٠

אאא(AND)K ٦١ א(AND) אאK ٦١

אאאא(AND) ٦١ F١WEא(AND) אא ٦٣ F٢WEא(AND)אאא ٦٦

٢–א??)(OR gate ٦٩

אאאא

אאא(OR)K ٧٠ אאאא(OR)K ٧٠

F٣WEא(OR)אאK ٧١ F٤WEא(OR)אאאK ٧٤

٣–אא)(NOT gateK ٧٧ אאאNOT)(K ٧٧

אאאא(NOT)K ٧٧ F٥WEאא(NOT)K ٧٨

٤–אאNAND gate)(K ٨١ אאא(NAND)K ٨١

F٦WEא(NAND)אאK ٨٢ F٧WEא(NAND)אאK ٨٥

٥–אאNOR gate)(K ٨٨ אאאNOR)(K ٨٨

F٨WEא(NOR)אאK ٨٩ F٩WEא(NOR)אאK ٩٢

٦–א??א(Exclusive OR gate)K ٩٥ אאא(EXOR)K ٩٥

F١٠WEאאא(EXOR)K ٩٦ F١١WEאאא(EXOR) K ٩٩

٧–א??א)EXNOR(K ١٠٢ אאא(EXNOR)K ١٠٢

F١٢WEאאא(EXNOR)K ١٠٣ F١٣WEאאא(EXNOR)K ١٠٦

Kאאאאא ١٠٩ אאאK ١١٠

אאאא

אאאK ١١٢ אאK ١١٣

אאא

אאאK ١١٦

אאאאאאאK١١٨

אאאאאאאאK ١١٩ אאHalf Adder "H.A") (K ١٢٠

א)Carry(K ١٢٠ F١WEאאא(Half Adder) K ١٢١

אא(Half Subtract "H.S") K ١٢٤ א)(DK ١٢٤ (B)K ١٢٤

F٢WEאאא(Half Subtract) K ١٢٥ אא(Digital Comparator)K ١٢٨

F٣WEאאא(Digital Comparator) ١٣٠ א(Multiplexer)K ١٣٣

F٤WEאא(Multiplexer) K ١٣٤ א(Demultiplexer) K ١٣٧

F٥WEאא(Demultiplexer) K ١٣٩ אאאK ١٤٢

אאK ١٤٤

אאאאאאאK١٤٦

אאאאאאאK ١٤٧ א(Flip-flop)K ١٤٨

אאאא

אK ١٤٨ K ١٤٨ אאK ١٤٩ ١ J(S-R) K ١٤٩

F١WEא(S-R) K ١٥١ ٢ Jא(S-R) אאK ١٥٤

F٢WEא(S-R) אאK ١٥٧ ٣ JאD)(K ١٦٠

F٣WEא(D) K ١٦٢ ٤ Jא(J-K)אאK ١٦٥

F٤WEא(J-K) אאK ١٦٧ אאK ١٧٠

אאאא (Registers and Counters)K ١٧٢

אאאאאאאK ١٧٤

אאאאאאאאאאK ١٧٥ Wאא(Registers) K ١٧٦ אאאאא Jאאא)SISO (K ١٧٧ אאאאא Jאאא(SIPO) K ١٧٨ F١WEאאאא–אאK١٨٠ Wאאאא )(CountersK ١٨٣ אאאאאאאK ١٨٣ אאאאאאאK ١٨٥ F٢WEאאאאאאאK ١٨٧ אאK ١٩٠

אאאא

אאאאK ١٩٢ אאאאאאאK١٩٤

אאאאאאאאאK ١٩٥ אאאאK ١٩٦ אאא(ROM) K ١٩٦ אאאא(RAM) K ١٩٧ אאא(64-Bit) K ١٩٨ אא(7489) K ١٩٩ F١WEאאא(RAM) K ٢٠٠ אאK ٢٠٤

אא א) (MicrocontrollerK٢٠٦

אאאאאאאK٢٠٨

אאאאאאK ٢٠٩

א JאאK ٢١٠ אאאK ٢١١ אאאאK ٢١٢ אאK ٢١٣ אאאK ٢١٣ אאא. ٢١٤ אK ٢١٥ א JאאK ٢١٥ אאאK ٢١٩ אK ٢٢١ אאK ٢٢٣

אאאא

F١WE(LED)אאK ٢٣٠ אאK ٢٣٤

אא אאK ٢٣٦

אאאאאאאK ٢٣٨ אאאאאאאK ٢٣٩

אא(OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER) K ٢٤٠ אאאK ٢٤١ אאאK٢٤٢ אFEאאK ٢٤٣ אאK ٢٤٤ F١WEאאK ٢٤٥ אאא(Inverting Amplifier)K ٢٤٨ F٢WEאאK ٢٤٩ אאK ٢٥٣ F٣WEאאK ٢٥٤ אא)Summing Amplifier(K ٢٥٩ F٤WEאא)(Summing AmplifierK ٢٦٠ אאFאE )Difference Amplifier(K ٢٦٤ אאK ٢٦٤ א)(ComparatorK ٢٦٥ אאK ٢٦٦ F٥WEאאאK ٢٦٧ אאK ٢٧٢

אאאא

אאא،אא،W

אאאאאאאאאאאאא،א

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאא?א?אאאא،

אאאאא،אאאאא،אאא

אאאאאאK

אאאאאאאא

א،אK

/א falaqeel@tvtc.gov.sa

אאאא

אאאW אאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאW אאא،אאאאאW ١ JאאאאK

٢ JאאאאאK

٣ JאאאאאאK

٤ Jאאאא(RAM)K

٥ JאאK ٦ JאאK

אאאאW אאאאאאא

F١٣٠EW אאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKF٥E

אאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKFKKKKKKKKKK١٥E אאאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKFKK٢٠E אאאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKFKKKKKKKKK١٨E

אאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKFKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١٣E אאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKFKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١٨E אאאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKFKKKKKK٥E אאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKFKKKK١٨E

אאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKFKKKKKKKKKKK١٨E

אאאא

אאאאW אאא،אאW

١ JאאאאאאK

٢ JאאאאK

٣ Jאאאאאא

٤ Jאאא(RAM)אאK

٥ Jאאא

٦ Jאאא

אאW אאאאאאW

١ JאאאאK

٢ JאאאאK

٣ JאאאאK

٤ JאאאאאאאK

٥ JאאאאאאאאK

אאW ١ JאאFאאאE

٢ Jאא

٣ Jאא

٤ Jאא

אאאא

אאW אאאאא

אאאאאאא،אאא

אאאW

Safety Signs

אאאאאאאKאאאW

١. אאK ٢. אאK ٣. אאאK ٤. אאK

אאאאאאא

אאאאK

אאאא

אא אא א

WARNING

Risk of danger hazard ahead Yellow background with

black border

PROHIBITION

Stop/must not Red on white background

MANDATORY

Must obey Blue background with white symbol

SAFE WAY TO GO

Safe condition Green background with white

symbol

אאאא

אאאW

אאאLאאא

JאאאאאאK JאאאK JאאאאK JאאאאאK JFא–אא–אEK

אאאLאא

JאאK JאאK JאאאK JאאאK JאאאK JאאאK

אאאLאאאא

Jא?? (AND Gate) K Jא??OR Gate)(K JאאNOT Gate) (K Jא(NANAD – NOR – XOR – XNOR) K JאאאאK

אאאא

אאאאLאאא

JאאאאאאK JאאאאאאK JאאאאאאK JאאאאאK JאאאאאK

אאאLאא

JאFlip –Flop) (K JאK JאK Jא(S – R) אאאאK Jא(S – R) אאאאאאK JאD) (אאאאK JאJ – K) (אאאאאאK JאאK

אאאLאאאא

JאאK Jאאאא–אא(SISO) K Jאאאא–אא (SIPO)K JאאאאאאאK JאאאאאאאK

אאאא

אאאLאאאא

JFא،א،אEK JאאאאRAM) (K Jאאא(ROM) אK

אאאLא( Microcontroller)

JאMicrocontroller) (K JאאאאK Jא(Microcontroller) K

JאאאאK JאאאK

J(LED) אאK JאאK

JאאK

אאאLא

J،،K JאאK JאאK JאאK

JאאK JאאK JאאK

אאאא

אאאאW

א Fא،א،

،KKKאE

٤ אא

١٠ א

١١ א

١٢ א

١٣ א

Wאא١א J١٣FE١٠٠

אאאאK

אאK אKאK

אאאא

אאאאאאאאאא

אאאא

אאW אאאא

אאW ١LאאאאK

٢LאאאאK ٣LאאאאאK ٤Lאאאאא

אאאW אאא٩٥ K٪

F٥E אאW

א אאKK

(Data Show) K

אאW אאאK

אאאא

אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאא

אאאW

١LאאאאאאאאK

٢LאאאאK

٣LאאאאאK

٤LאאאאאאK

٥LאאאאK

٦LאאאאאאK

٧LאאאאK

٨LאאK

٩LאאאאאאK

١٠LאאK

١١LאאאK

١٢LאאאאאK

אאאא

١L אאאאאא

٢L אאאאאאK

٣L אאאK

٤L אאאאאאאאאK

٥LאאK

٦L אאאאאאK

٧L אאK

٨L אאאאאאK

٩L אאאא אK

١٠LאאאאאאאאאאאK

١١Lאא،אאאK

אאאאאאאא

אאאא

אאאW

אאאא)(ChipWאאא–אא–אא

אאאאאאKאא(pins)

אאא(IC)KאאKאאאאא

אאאאאאW ١L אאא١٠L١K

٢L אאאאK

٤L אאאאK

٥L אאא٥٠אאאK

٦L אאאאאK

٧L אאאאאאאK

٨L אאאאאW

אאאK

אאאא

אאאאאW ١L אאאאא

אאאK

٢L אאאאKאאאאא

אאאאאאאאK

٣L אאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאW

١–אW

אאאאאFnsEאF١ J١Eאאא

א(TTL)אK

F١ J١E

אא )"a("אlogic 0) ( (Logic 1)

א(tPHL = 20 ns) (1) (0) אb)( אא(1)(0)אא

(tPLH=15 ns) (0) (1) אאאאK

אאאא

٢–אאW אאאא V)(K

٣–אW(Fan in) אאאK

٤–אW)(Fan out אאאאאא

אאא ٥–אאW

אאאא?1?،?0?،אאאאא(10mw)א

)0.1mw((TTL) אאא،א(MOS)אאK

٦–אW(Input Voltage) אאאא(5V) K

٧–אW(Packaging) אאאאאא

)(DIP אF١ J٢EאאאאאK

F١ J٢E

אאאא

٩–אW אאא )(Uאא

א(IC) אאאKאאאאאאא

אאאאF١ J٣KE

F١ J٣E

אאאW אאאW

–(Linear) –)Digital(

אאאאאאאאKאאאאא

1א) – (binary 0

אאאאאW

١ Jאאא(SSI : Small - Scale Integration)

אאאאאאא١٢אNAND) – NOR – NOT – AND – (OR

א(flipflops) K

אאאא

٢–אאא(MSI : Medium-Scale Integration)

אא١٢١٠٠אאאאאאWאאא،א،

אאאאK

٣–אאא (LSI : Large - Scale Integration) אא١٠٠אאא

(Microprocessors)K ٤–אאאא(VLSI : Very - Large - Scale Integration)

אאאאאאK

אאאא(Digital Integrated Circuits Families)W אאאאאאא

אאW ١–אא–א(TTL : Transistor -Transistor Logic)

א(TTL)אK ٢–אאא)(ECL : Emitter - Coupled Logic

א)(ECLאאK ٣–אאא–אא

א(CMOS) אאאK ٤–א–אא (RTL : Resistor Transistor Logic)K ٥––אא(DTL : Diode Transistor Logic) K

אאאאTTL) ((CMOS)(ECL)אאא

אאאKאאאאאאאאאא

אאאא

א(TTL) 74XXX) ((74))(CMOS(4XXX)(4)،א

אאW 47HXX(High Speed) K 74LXXאאא(Low Power) K

אאאא

١L אאאאאK ٢L אאאIC K ٣L אאאאאאאK ٤L אאאאאאK ٥L אאאאK ٦L אאאW

–אאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

–אאאאא ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאאא

אאאאאאאא

אאאאא،אאאאאא،אא

F Eאא،אאאאאK

אאאWאאאאא

א אאFאאE

١K אאאK ٢K אאאאאא ٣K אאאאא ٤K אאא ٥K אאאא

אאאFאEאאאא،????

אאאאK

אאאא

אאאאאאאא

אאאא

אאW אאאאא

אאW ١LאאאאאK ٢LאאאK ٣LאאאK ٤LאאאאאK ٥LאאאאK ٦LאאאאK ٧Lאאאאא

F١٥E אאW

א אאKK

(Data Show) K

אאW אאאK

אאאא

אאאאאאאא

אאאאW

١LאאאWאאאאאK

٢LאאאאK

٣LאאאאאK

٤LאאאאאאK

٥LאאאאK

٦LאאאאאאK

٧LאאאאK

٨LאאK

٩LאאאאאאK

١٠LאאK

١١LאאאK

١٢LאאאאאK

אאאא

١Lאאאאאא

٢LאאאאאאK

٣LאאאK

٤LאאאאאאאאאK

٥LאאK

٦LאאאK

٧LאאK

٨LאאאאאK

٩LאאאאK

١٠LאאאאאK

١١LאאאאאאאאאאאK

١٢Lאאאא

אאאאאאא

אאאא

١Lאא(Decimal System) אאאFא10Eאא

(10)אא،K אא(9 ~ 0)

אאאKאא(238)א(8)אא)(3אא(30)א

2(א(א(200) א (8+30+200)אא(238)א K

١WאאאW 6704003000347610

٢Lאא(Binary System)

אא( 0,1 )אאא2)(،אא)bit(K

אא(0 , 1)אאאF٢ J١E،א

אא(10011)Fא،،،א،אKE

א32 22 12 אא

0212223242א0.1250.250.51 2 4 8 16

אא K

F٢ J١Eאאאא

אאאא

אאאאאW אא

אאW ٢Wאא210011W

אW א 021222 32 42

א 1 24 8 16 אא 110 0 1

1*12*14*08*016*110011

אא210011אא1019 ٣Wאא2101110؟ אW

א 02122232 42 52 א 1 248 16 32

אא 0111 0 1

1*02*14*18*116*032*1101110 2 24832

1046 אא2101110אא1046

אאאאאא؛K

אאאא

الباقي

1 0 1 0 1 1 1

210 101011187

٤Wאא2101.1110W אW

א 32 22 12 אא

02122232א0.1250.250.51 2 4 8 אא1 01K 0 1 1 1

625.14

125.05.0248

125.0*125.0*05.0*11*02*14*18*1101.1110

אא2101.1110אא10625.14

אאאאאW אאא

W ١Lאאא2אK ٢Lאא2אK

١Lאא1087؟ א

87א243אא1

אאאאאא(LSB)א

אאאא

٢Lאא10625.5W אאWאאאא

،אאאאא2K

אאא،אK

الباقي

1 0 1 . 1 0 1

210 101.101625.5

00.12*5.0

50.02*25.0

25.12*625.0

אאאא

אאאW

אא(Binary Addition) אF٢ J٢Eאאאאא

א א א אא - 0 0 + 0 =

אא - 1 0 + 1 = אא - 1 1 + 0 =

אאא 1 0 1 + 1 = F٢ J٢E

אאאאאאאאא(10=1+1)אא2אא

אאא،אא )1 (אאK

6 المقابل العشري

1 0 0 + 0 1 0

1 1 0 مجموعال

0 1 1 +

المجموع0 0 0 1

1 1 + جموعالم0 1 1

אא= 1 א 1 + 1 + 1 = 1

אאאא

אאBinary Subtraction

אF٢ J٣Eאאאאא،אאא?א?،אא?א?،

א א א אא - 0 0 – 0 =

אא 1 1 0 – 1 = אא - 1 1 – 0 = אאא - 0 1 – 1 =

F٢ J٣E

אאאאאאאאא`1`א?1א"אאאא

`2``0`אאאW

10 10 - 0 1

37 - 10

1 10 10 0 10

1 0 0 1 0 1

1 0 1 0 -

1 1 0 1 1

אאאא

אא(First and Second Complement) W אאאא

אאאאאW A – B = A + B' +1

אאW אאאאאא

אאא،0אאא1אK

Wאאאא1010א 9,7 אK

WאאאאאK

אאHא א א 1 10000111 107 1 01101001 109

אאW אא( 1 )אאK

אאZאאH١

Wאאאא1010א 5,7 אK

WאאאאאK W( 1 ) אאK

אא אאHא א א 1000+1=1001 1000-111 107 1010+1=1011 1010-101 105

אאאא

אאא(Hexadecimal System)W אא16אKאא16א

אאאא09אאא10א15אA F10 ـ A ــــــــــــــ

א11 ــــــــــــــB א12ــــــــــــــــC א13 ـ ـ 14אD ــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــEא15ـــــــــــــــــ F K

אא(HEX) אאאאא

אאא(15)אאא (0111 1001)2 א(79)16

א1011 0110)2 (1101 1111אB6DF)16Eאאא אאא

F٢ J٤EאאאאאאאאW

8 1000 80 0000 0 9 1001 91 0001 1 A 1010 102 0010 2

B 1011 113 0011 3

C 1100 124 0100 4

D 1101 135 0101 5

E 1110 146 0110 6

F 1111 157 0111 7

F٢ J٤E

אאאא

אאאאאאW

אאאא2B6)Eאא،א(2)אאאF256E

2*256=512 KאאאB)E11 16*11=176Kא(6)אא)1(1*6=6 ،אא

אאאא2B6)16(10)694( K אF٢ J٥EאW

16 160 161 162

א 1 16 256 אאא6 B 2

אא 1*6=6 16*11=176 256*2=512

F٢ J٥E

Wא16 )A3F.C( אK

16 16-1 160 161 162 א 0.0625 1 16 256

אאאC F 3 A אא 0.0625*12=0.751*15=1516*3=48256*10=2560

10)2623.75( = 10 )0.75 +15 +48+2560( 16 = )A3F.C(

אאאא

אאאאאאW א א 4510 א אא

16א א א ،4510 16 א 2א13Fא13אאא)D(אא

LSB אא א )2( א 16 א א א 2 א ،2

אאאאאKאאאאאאאW

4510 = 2D16

אא10F250.25E אK

(250.25)10 = ( FA.4)16

13 الباقي

اقيالب

F A . 4

1516250

00.016*00.0

00.416*25.0

אאאא

אאאאאאW אאאאאאK

אאאאא)3B9(K א4bit

אאאאK

3 B 9 0011 1011 1001

3B916 =1110111001 2

אאאאאW

E F . 7 4

1110 1111 . 0111 0100

47.FE16 = 1000111.11111112

אאאאאאW א101010000101א א،א

אאאאאאאאW

.0101 10001010 .5 8A

1010100001012=A8516

אאאא

10010.011011 א א אאאאא

0001 א א א 1100 אאK

1100 0110 . 0010 0001

C 6 . 2 1

10010.0110112=126C16

אאא(BCD) W אאא،אאאא

אאאאאא(10010110)2K10(150)אא،א

אאאאF(BCD،אאאאF٢ J٦Eא(BCD) אאא

09K BCD

1 2480 0000 1 0001 0 1002 1 1003 0 0104 1 0105 0 1106 1 1107 0 0018 1 0019

F٢ J٦E

אאאא

אאאא(BCD) W אאאא)BCD(

א،)BCD(אK

Wאא(180)10FBCDE .0 81 .0000 10000001

(BCD) (BCD)אא

אאאא43.72)10E(BCD)BCD (01000011.01110010)يساوي

2 7 . 3 4

0010 0111 . 0011 0100

א(BCD)אאW אאאBCD)Eאא،

אאא(BCD) אאאאאא

אא(01010111) BCD(57)10

.01110101

.75אאBCD)(אאא

(BCD)אאאאאאאאאא،

WאאBCD(0111000100001000)

1000 0000 . 0001 0111

8 0 . 1 7

אאאא

١LאאאאאאאW

(a) 79 (b) 146 (c) 218 (d) 391 (e) 504 ٢LאאאאאאאאאW

(a) 0.674 (b) 0.462 (c) 0.75 (d) 0.5 (e) 0.125

٣LאאאאאאאW (a) 10101011 (b) 1000111100 (c) 1100001011 (d) 110101100

٤LאאאאאאאאW

(a) 0.1011 (b) 0.0110 (c) 0.1110 (d) 0.1001 (e) 0.0010

٥LאאאאאאW (a) D5216 (b) D3.E16 (c) ABCD16 (d) 9F16 (e) 888.B16

٦LאאאאאאW (a) 256010 (b) 300010 (c) 631.2510 (d) 810 (e) 204.12510

٧LאאאאאאW (a) A6416 (b) 1F.C16 (c) 234.416 (d) 1C16 (e) B16

٨LאאאאאW

(a) 10000.12 (b) 110101.0110012 (c) 1001.11112 (d) 10000001.11012

٩LאאאאBCDאW (a) 1010BCD (b) 10000110BCD (c) 00010111BCD

١٠LאאאאאBCDW (a) 610 (b) 99.910 (c) 145.610 (d) 21.00110

אאאא

אאאא אאאא،אאאאאא،אאF E

אא،אאאאאK

אאאאאWאא

א אאFאאE

١Kאאאאא ٢K אאאאא ٣K אאא ٤K אא ٥K אאאאאא ٦K אאאאאא ٧K אאאאאא ٨K אאאאאא ٩K אאאאBCD ١٠KאאBCDאא

אאאFאEאאא،א????אאאאK

אאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאא

אאW אאאאאאאא

אאW ١LאאאאFEAND GateK

٢LאאאאFE OR GateK ٣LאאאאFאE NOT GateK ٤LאאאאFאE NAND GateK ٥LאאאאFאE NOR GateK ٦LאאאאFאE XOR GateK ٧LאאאאFאאE XNOR GateK ٨LאאאאK ٩Lאאאאא

אא F٢٠E

אFאאE

אאK אאW5101-3E)(

(Data Show) K

אאW אאאK

אאאא

אאאאאאאא

אאאאW

٢LאאאאK

٣LאאאאאK

٤LאאאאאאK

٥LאאאאK

٦LאאאאאאK

٧LאאאאK

٨LאאK

٩LאאאאאאK

١٠LאאK

١١LאאאK

١٢LאאאאאK

אאאא

١LאאאאאאK

٢LאאאאאאK

٣LאאאK

٤Lאא)TURN OFF(אאאאK

٥L?א??א?

٦LאאאאאאK

٧LאאאאאK

٨LאאאFאE אאאK

٩LאאאאאאאאאאאK

١٠Lאאאא אK

١١Lאא،אאאK

אאאא

אאW Logic states

אאאאאWאRC)(،אאאא

אאאאאא،،אW،אאא

אאאאKאאאאאFאאאאא

אאאאאFEאאא،אא

אאKאאאאKאאאא

אא?1?Logic 1

א0?א?Logic 0

?1??0?אBit

١K אא?+ve?Positive Logic

٢K אא?-ve?Negative Logic

אאאא

Wאא "+ve "Positive Logic

?1? K ?0? K

אאאאK

+5V “1” -5V “0”

+5V “1” ٠ V “0”

“1”

“0”

אאאא

Wאא?-ve?Negative Logic

?1? عنه?? ?0? ??

+5V “0” OV “1”

+5V “0” J5V “1”

אאאא

אאאאאאK

WאF٣ J١EאאאאאאאTTLK

F٣ J١E

W אאא0"א "ViL max =

אאא1?א " ViH min =

אאא0?א?VoL max =

אאא1?א? VoH min =

א א א Data sheetאאאK

אאאא

אא(W5101-3E)W

אF٣ J٢Eאאאא،אאאא

אאאאאאאאאK

F٣ J٢E

TURN OFF אאאאK

אאאא

אאW אF٣ J١Eאא(W5101-3E) K

א אא ١(H / L) ٨ ---------

٢א(Led displays) ٨ ---------

٣אAND / & / NAND ) (אא ٤ 74HC00

٤אAND / & / NAND ) (אא ٤ 74HC20

٥אOR / ≥ / NOR ) (אא ٤ 74HC02

٦אOR / ≥ / NOR ) (אא ٤ 74HC4002

٧א(XOR / =1 ) אא ٨ 74HC86

٨א)NOT / 1 ( ٤ 74HC04

٩)(J-K with Set and Clear ٤ 74HC112

١٠(J-K with Clear) ٦ 74HC107

١١(D Flipflops) ٤ 74HC74

١٢(4-Bit full-adder) ١ 74HC283

١٣א(Decimal Counter) ١ ---------

١٤א ٣ ---------

١٥אL(4-Bit Binary Counter)١ 74HC191

١٦אאאא(4-Bit BCD) ١ 74HC160

١٧(2-Bit) ٢ ---------

١٨(0 …. 10 KHz) ١ 74HC4040

١٩L(Monoflop 1s > T > 1ms)١ 74HC4538

F٣ J١E

אאאא

אאא(logic gate)W אאא(logic gate)אאאאK

אאאאאאאא?אאאאK?אאאאא(HIGH)

(LOW)אאא(HIGH)אא“1”אא(LOW)אא“0”אא

אאאא،א1א0אK

אאאאKאאאא??(AND gate)א??(OR gate)א?א?(NOT gate)K

١–א??–AND gate

F٣ J٣E אאאאANDאא

אאאא

US symbol UK symbol

F٣ J٤Eאאא??

OUTPUT B A

F٣ J٢E

אאאF٣ J٣Eאא?AND?אאאאאA & B On

א،אאK אאF٣ J٢Eא??ANDא?1?

אאא?1?

אW ١–אאאאאאW

אZ2nn אאאK ٢–אאאK

אאאא

Wאאא2א22=4אn=3

8 = 23א

אאאANDW? אא(Boolean Algebra) אאא

אאאאאאאאאאK

אANDאאW

A . B = Y

ABאYY=A and B

אאאאAND?

١Wאאאאא??ANDאאאאאאאW

אאאאאK

אאאא

٢Wאאאאא??ANDאאא،אאאאאW

אאאא

אא א" AND"אאא F١E

א LL١٤ א

אאאא"AND" אא

אאא

١אאW5101-3E ٢אא

١S1 , S2 ٢LED1

٣אW5101-3E

١א(AND) אאאK

٢אאאאB , A K

٣אאאאאאאYK

٤א(AND) אאאאK

٥אאאא(AND) אאK ٦אא

אאאא

אOUTPUT אINPUT

Y A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1

Y = ……………………..…..………

א(AND) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאא"AND" א

א אLL١٤

אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

א١٥ א אא١٥ א

אא٥ א אא ١٠٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

אא א" AND"אא

א א F٢E

א LL١٤ א

אאאא"AND" אא

אאא

١S1 , S2 , S3 ٢LED1

٣אW5101-3E

١א(AND) אאאאK

٢אאאא(A , B , C) ٣אאאאאאאYK

٤א(AND) אאאאK

٥אאאאאאא؟א

٦אא

אאאא

אOUTPUT אINPUT Y AB C 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

Y = ……………………..…..………

א(AND) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאא

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאא"AND" א

אא אLL١٤

אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

٢–א??OR gate

אF٣ J٥E אאאאORאא

US symbol UK symbol

F٣ J٦Eאאא??

OUTPUT B A

F٣ J٣E

אאאF٣ J٥Eאא?OR?אאאאאA & B OnK

אF٣ J٣Eא??אFאEאא?1?

אאאא

אאאORW A + B = Y

A BYA OR B = Y

אאאאORW

Wאאאא(OR)אאאאאא،אאאאאW

אאאOR אאA + B = Y

אאאoffאאK

אאאא

אא א" OR"אא א F٣E

א LL١٤ א

אאאא"OR" אא

אאא

١S1 , S2 ٢LED1

٣אW5101-3E

١א(OR) אאאK

٢אאאאB , A K

٣אאאאאאאYK

٤א(OR) אאאאK

٥אאאא(OR) אאK ٦אא

אאאא

אOUTPUT אINPUT

Y A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1

Y = ……………………..…..………

א(OR) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאא"OR" א

א אLL١٤

אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

אא א" OR"אא

א א F٤E

א LL١٤ א

אאאא"OR" אא

אאא

١S1 , S2 , S3 ٢LED1

٣אW5101-3E

١א(OR) אאאאK

٢אאאאA , B , C ٣אאאאאאאYK

٤א(OR) אאאאK

٦אא

אאאא

אOUTPUT אINPUT Y AB C 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

Y = ……………………..…..………

א(OR) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאא

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאא"OR" אא

א אLL١٤

אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

٣–אאNOT gate

Output Input US symbol UK symbol

F٣ J٧EאאאNOT אK

אF٣ J٧EאאאאאאאKא "1"א"0"אא

א،אאK אאאNOT W

A = 0 A = 0 A = 1

אאאאNOT W WאאאאאאNOTאא

A or A0

אאאא

אא אא" NOT Gate" א F٥E

א LL١٤ א

אאאא"NOT" אא

אאא

١S1 ٢LED1

٣אW5101-3E

١אא(NOT) אK

٢אאאא A . ٣אאאאאאאYK

٤אא(NOT) אאאאK

٥אאאא(NOT) אאK ٦אאK

אאאא

אOUTPUT אINPUT

Y A 0 1

Y = …………..………

א(NOT) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

" NOT Gate"אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

٤ Jא??NAND gate W

Y B A US symbol UK symbol

F٣ J٨Eאאא??אא

(NAND)אNOT AND)EF(ANDאאאאאא(AND)،

אF٣ J٨Eאאא(NAND)אK

אאא NANDW

Y = A . B

אא(TURN OFF)אאאאK

אאאא

אא א" NAND"א

א א F٦E

א LL١٤ א

אאאא"NAND" אא

אאא

١S1 , S2 ٢LED1

٣אW5101-3E

١א(NAND) אאאK

٢אאאא(B , A) K

٣אאאאאאאYK

٤א(NAND) אאאאK

٥אאאא(NAND) אאK ٦אא

אאאא

אOUTPUT אINPUT

Y A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1

Y = ……………………..…..………

א(NAND) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאא"NAND" א

א אLL١٤

אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٣ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٤ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

٥ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

אא א" NAND" אא א F٧E

א LL١٤ א

אאאא"NAND" אא

אאא

١S1 , S2 ٢LED1 , LED2

٣אW5101-3E

١א(NAND) אאאK

٢אאאא(A , B) K ٣אאאאאאא. ٤אאאאאאאאאא

٥אאאאאאאאK

٦אאK

אאאא

אOUTPUT אINPUT Y2Y1A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1

Y1 = ………………..……. , Y2 = ………………………...

אאאאאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאא

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאא" NAND"

אא אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

٥ Jא???NOR gate W

אאאאאF٣ J٩KEא??FאKEא(A,B) אא(A+ B)K،אאאאא?____?אאא???(NOR)

Y B A US symbol UK symbol

F٣ J٩Eאאא??אא

אאאא? ?אF٣ J٩E??א??אאKאאא

אאאW

Y = A + B

אאאא

אא א" NOR"אא א F٨E

א LL١٤ א

אאאא"NOR" אא

אאא

١S1 , S2 ٢LED1

٣אW5101-3E

١א(NOR) אאאK

٢אאאא(B , A) K

٣אאאאאאאYK

٤א(NOR) אאאאK

٥אאאא(NOR) אאK ٦אא

אאאא

אOUTPUT אINPUT

Y A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1

Y = ……………………..…..………

א(NOR) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאא"NOR" א

א אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

אא א" NOR" אא א F٩E

א LL١٤ א

אאאא"NOR" אא

אאא

١S1 , S2 ٢LED1 , LED2

٣אW5101-3E

١א(NOR) אאאK

٢אאאאA , B ٣אאאאאאא

٤אאאאאאאאאא

٦אא

אאאא

אOUTPUT אINPUT Y2Y1A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1

Y1 = ………………..……. , Y2 = ………………………...

אאאאאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאא

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאא" NOR"

אא אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

٦–א??אExclusive OR gate = EXOR

Z B A US symbol UK symbol

F٣ J١٠Eאאא(EXOR) אא

אאא???1?אאאא?0?

א (EXOR)אF٣ J١٠EK אאEXORW

אאאאא(EXOR)אאא

Y = A B

אF٣ J١١EאEXORאANDORNOT

F٣ J١١EאאאאEXOR

אאאא

אא אאאEXOR א F١٠E

א LL١٤ א

אאאא"EXOR" אא

אאא

١S1 , S2 ٢LED1 ٣אW5101-3E

١אאא(EXOR) אK

٢אאאאB , A) (K

٣אאאאאאאYK

٤אאא(EXOR) אאK

٥אאאאאא(EXOR) אאK٦אא

אאאא

אOUTPUT אINPUT

Y A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1

Y = ……………………..……………………

אאא(EXOR) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאאאאEXOR

אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

אא אאא" EXOR" א F١١E

א LL١٤ א

אאאא"EXOR" אא

אאא

١S1 , S2 ٢LED1

٣אW5101-3E

١א(EXOR) אK

٢אאאאA , B) ( ٣אאאאאאאYK

٤א(EXOR) אאאאK

٥אאאאאאאאא(AND , OR , NOT) K

٦אא

אאאא

אOUTPUT אINPUT

Y A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1

Y = ……………………..…..………

אאא(EXOR) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאא

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאאאא " EXOR"

אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

٧ Jאא(EXNOR) W

Y A B US symbol UK symbol

F٣ J١٢Eאאא??אאא

?אא?א?אאאא?אאאאאא

אאא1?א?אF٣ J١٢E

אאאא(EXNOR) W אאאאא?א?

אF٣ J١٣Eא(EXNOR)אANDORNOT

F٣ J١٣Eאאאא?א?(EXNOR)

אאאא

אא אאאEXNOR א F١٢E

א LL١٤ א

אאאא"XNOR" אא

אאא

١S1 , S2 ٢LED1 ٣אW5101-3E

١אאא(EXNOR) אK

٢אאאא(B , A) K

٣אאאאאאאYK

٤אאא(EXNOR) אאK

٥אאאאא(EXNOR) אאK ٦אאK

אאאא

אOUTPUT אINPUT

Y A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1

Y = ……………………..……………………

אאא(EXNOR) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאאאאEXNOR

אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

אא אאא" EXNOR"א F١٣E

א LL١٤ א

אאאא"EXNOR" אא

אאא

١S1 , S2 ٢LED1

٣אW5101-3E

١א(EXNOR) אK

٢אאאא(A , B) ٣אאאאאאאYK

٤א(EXNOR) אאאאK

٥אאאאאאאאא(AND , OR , NOT) K

٦אא

אאאא

אOUTPUT אINPUT

Y A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1

Y = ……………………..…..………

אאא(EXNOR) KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאא

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאאאא

" EXNOR"אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

אאאאאW

אאאאאאאKאאאאאאFאאEא

אאKא??א??،אאאאK

אאאא

אאא

אאאא

אאא

NAND ZHNOR ZH AND Z HNAND ZH NOR Z HOR ZH OR Z HAND ZH

F٣ J٤EאאF٣ J٥Eאאא

אאאא א

אאא אאא

OR Z HH

AND Z HH

NOR Z HH

NAND Z HH

F٣ J٦Eאאא

אאאא

אאאW

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאW

١ J ?–?"AND - OR gates"

F٣ J١٤Eאאא

WאאאאאאY = A . B + C . D + E א?–K?

אW א? JK?

אאאא

٢–??"NANAD gatesW

אאאא،אאאאא??NANDאF٣ J١٥E

Y = A.B + C.D + E

F٣ J١٥E

אאאא

אאא

אאUS symbol UK symbol אא

Y = A . B

Y = A + B

F٣ J٧E

אאאא

١W אאANDא–אאאאאאK

٢W אאORאאאאאאאאאאK

٣W אאאאORאאK

٤W אאNOTאאK

٥W אאאאאאאWYCADCBA

٦W אאאF١EBW

١ JB = 1 ٢ JB = 0

F١E ٧W אאאF٢Eא

אאאא

٨Wאאאאאאא(NAND)אאאK

٩Wאאאאאאא(NOR)אאאK

١٠Wאאאאאאאא(EXOR)אאאK

١١Wאאאאאאאא(EXNOR)אאאK

١٢WאאאF٣Eא:C

١ JC = 1 א ٢ JC = 0 א

١٣Wאאאא(EXNOR) אF٤WE

١٤ Wאאא א א אYCBACBACBA

،אא??(AND)א??(OR)אK

אאאא

אאאא אאאאאא،א

אאאאא،אאF Eא،אאא

אאאK

אאאאאWאאאא

א אאFאאE

١Kאאא(AND)K ٢K אאא(OR)K ٣K אאא(NOT)K ٤K אאא(NAND)K ٥K אאא(NOR)K ٦K אאא(EXOR)K ٧K אאא(EXNOR)K ٨K אאאאאאK ٩K אאאאאK

אאאאK

אאאא

אאW ١Lאאאאאא (Half Adder)K ٢LאאאאאאHalf Subtract) (K ٣Lאאאאאא)(Digital Comparator K ٤Lאאאאא)Multiplexer( K

٥LאאאאאDemultipexer) ( K ٦Lאאאאא

F١٨E אאW אאאK אFאEK

( Data Show )

אאW אאאK

אאאא

אאאאאאאא

אאאאW

٢LאאאאK

٣LאאאאאK

٤LאאאאאאK

٥LאאאאK

٦LאאאאאאK

٧LאאאאK

٨LאאK

٩LאאאאאאK

١٠LאאK

١١LאאאK

אאאא

١Lאאאאאא

٢LאאאאאאK

٣LאאאK

٥LאאK

٦LאאאאאאK

٧LאאאאאK

١٠Lאאאא אK

١١LאאאאאK

אאאאאאאא

אאאא

אא "H . A "Half Adder

F٤ J١E

אאאאA B

אאS SUM ?א?אאC Carry א?אא?W

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

F٤ J١EאאH.A

אCarry W

אא??(AND) אאא

אא(XOR) א(AND) אF٤ J١EK

אאאא

אא אאHalf Adder) ( א F١E

א LL١٤ א

אאאאאא(Half Adder)

אאא

١S1 , S2 ٢LED1 , LED2 ٣אW5101-3E

١אאא(Half Adder) אK

٢אאאא(B , A) K

٣אאאאאאאK

٤אאא(Half Adder) אאK

٥אאאא(Half Adder)אאאK ٦אאK

אאאא

0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1

S = …………..……………..……… , C = ….….……………………

אאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאאא Half Adder) (

אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

אא "H.S "Half Subtract

F٤ J٢E

אאאאאאאDDifference?א?אאא

BBorrow?א?אאאאאאאאאW

0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1

F٤ J٢Eאא אD) ( W

א(B) W אANDאא

אאאאאF٤ J٢EK

אאאא

אא אאHalf Subtract) ( א F٢E

א LL١٤ א

אאאאאאHalf Subtract

אאא

١S1 , S2 ٢LED1 , LED2 ٣אW5101-3E

١אאא(Half Subtract) אK

٢אאאא(B , A) K

٣אאאאאאא

٤אאאאאK

٥אאאא(Half Subtract)אאאK ٦אאK

אאאא

0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1

D = …………..……………..……… , B = ….….……………………

אאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאאא(Half Subtract)

אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

א١٥ א אאא ١٥

אא א אא א

אאאא

אא )(Digital Comparator W

אאאאא??FEFEFאE)A>B, A<B , A=B(

אאאF٤ J٣EW

F٤ J٣E

0 0 1 0 0

0 1 0 1 0

1 0 0 0 1

0 0 1 1 1

F٤ J٣E

אF٤ J٣EאאW

אאאא

אאאאF٤ J٤EW

F٤ J٤Eאאא

אאאא

אא אאDigital Comparator) (

א F٣E

א LL١٤ א

אאאאא

אאא

١S1 , S2 ٢LED1 , LED2 , LED3 ٣אW5101-3E

١אאא אK ٢אאאא(B , A) K

٣אאאאאא X , Y , Z ٤אאאאאK

٥אאאאאאאK ٦אאK

אאאא

Z A > B

Y A < B

X A = B

0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1

אאאאאאא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

X = …………….…… , Y = …………..……… , Z = ………….……….

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

(Digital Comparator) אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

אMultiplexerW

F٤ J٥EFאE

אאאאאאIC

א)AND,OR, NOT(،אאאאאאאאKאא

אאאאאאF٤ J٦EK

Y S1 S0

D1 1 0

D2 0 1

D3 1 1

F٤ J٦EאאאאFאE

אאאא

אא א(Multiplexer) א F٤E

א LL١٤ א

אאאא(MUX)

אאא

١אאאS1 , S2 , S3 , S4 , S5 , S6 ٢אאאLED1 , LED2 , LED3 , LED4 , LED5 ٣אW5101-3E

١אא(Multiplexer) אK

٢אאאאאא ( Y )

٣אא(Multiplexer) אאK ٤אאא(Multiplexer) אאאK ٥אאK

אאאא

א אOUTPUT אINPUT

Y S1 S0

אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

Y = ( ..…..….....…. ) + ( ….....…...…. ) + ( ….....…...…. ) + ( …....…....…. )

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאא (Multiplexer)

אLL١٤

אאW ١ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢ JKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

א(Demultiplexer)

אאאK

א)(1 - TO - 4 DemultiplexerW

אF٤ J٧Eאאאא1 - TO - 4

Demultiplexer)(

D3 D2 D1 D0 S1 S0

0 0 0 E 0 0

0 0 E 0 1 0

0 E 0 0 0 1

E 0 0 0 1 1

F٤ J٤E

אאאא

F٤ J٨Eאאאאא )(1 - TO - 4

Demultiplexer

אאאא

אא א(Demultiplexer) א F٥E

א LL١٤ א

אאאאא(DMUX)

אאא

١אאאS1 , S2 , S3 ٢אאאLED1 , LED2 , LED3 , LED4 ٣אW5101-3E

١אא(Demultiplexer) אK

٢אאאאאאK

٣א(Demultiplexer) אאK ٤אאא(Demultiplexer) אאאK ٥אאK

אאאא

אOUTPUT אINPUT

D3 D2 D1 D0 S1 S0

אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

D0 = …..….….. , D1 = ……..…….. , D2 = …....……. , D3 = …….………

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאא(Demultiplexer)

אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

אאא

١LאאאאאאאאK ٢LאאאאאאאאK ٣LאאאאאאאאK ٤LאאאאאאK ٥LאאאאאאK

אאאא

אאאאאאאא

אאאאא،אאאאאאאא،

אאאאאWאאא

א אאFאאE

١Kאאאאא ٢K אאאאא ٣K אאאאא ٤K אאאא ٥K אאאא

אאאאK

אאאא

אאאאאאאא

אאאא

אאW אאאא

אאW ١LאאאS-R)(אאאאK ٢LאאאS-R)(אאאאK ٣Lאאא(D)אאK ٤LאאאJ-K)(אאאאK ٥Lאאאאא

אא F١٣E

אFאאEK

אאW5101-3E)(K

(Data Show) K

אאW אאאK

אאאא

אאאאאאאא

Wאאאא

٢LאאאאK

٣LאאאאאK

٤LאאאאאאK

٥LאאאאK

٦LאאאאאאK

٧LאאאאK

٨LאאK

٩LאאאאאאK

١٠LאאK

١١LאאאK

אאאא

١Lאאאאאא

٢LאאאאאאK

٣LאאאK

٤Lאא )TURN OFF(אאאאK

٥LאאK

٦LאאאאאאK

٧LאאאאאK

١٠Lאאאא אK

١٢LאאאאאK

אאאאאאא

אאאא

א)Flip-Flops(W

אאאאאאאא،אאאא،אאאאאאאאאא،אאאאאאאאK

אW א

אאאאאאK אW אאאא

،אא(Flip)אאאא(Flop)אאאאאא

אאאאאאאא(Flip –Flop)אאאאאא

אK א?א??א?

?אא?אאאאא،אאאאK

אW א(Flip Flops)אאאאא

אאאא،אאאSRAM)(אאא(Cache Memory)،

א،א،אאא)(RAMאאא

DRAM)(٥٠٠א،אאאא)(Memory HierarchyK

אאאא

١ J אS-R) ( א(S-R)אאא)Set ()Reset(א

?א??א?אאF٥ J١WE

F٥ J١E

א)(S-R אא)NOR(F٥ J٢E

F٥ J٢E

Wאא(S)אא(R)

אאאאאאKאF٥ J١Eא(S-R) K

אאאא

א Qא Q אR S

אא 0 0 0 0

1 1 0 0

0?א?0 0 1 0

0 1 1 0

אא1?א?

1 0 0 1

1 1 0 1

אאFE

0 0 1 1

0 1 1 1

אF٥ J١E

אאאאW

JאSאR (0)אאאQ אא،Q(0)א Q

(0)א אQ(1)א Q א(1)אא?א?K

JS (1)Q אא(1)Kא(1)Qא(0)אK

Jאא(1) אאאאאFאEK

Kאאאאא

אאאא

אא אS-R) ( א F١E

א LL١٤ א

אא(S-R) אא

אאא

١S1 , S2 ٢LED1 , LED2 ٣אW5101-3E

١אא(S-R) אK ٢אאאאאאK

٣א(S-R) אאK

٤אא(S-R) אאאK ٥אאK

אאאא

Q=L2Q = L1 S = SW1R = SW2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

١ Jא(S-R) אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

٢ Jא(S-R) אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

٣ Jא(S-R) אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

٤ Jא(S-R) אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאאS-R) ( אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

٢ Jא(S-R) אאW

א(S-R)אאאאאאאא)Q(אאאאK

אאאאא?א? )Clock Pulses (

אא )CK(אאאאK

אF٥ J٣Eאא(S-R)אאאאא )CK(K

אF٥ J٣E

אF٥ J٣ JEאא(CK)אא(S-R) אא

אאא)0()1(אF٥ J٣ JEאאאאאא

אאאא1 א)()0(K

אאאא

אF٥ J٤Eאא)S-R(אאאא)NAND(،אNAND) (אS-R) (אאFאE

אאKאא(S,R)א(Q)אאאאאאאK

אF٥ J٤E

אF٥ J٢Eא(S-R)אאאאW ١ J אא (CK) אא ،א R,S)( א

0(א(אאאאאK

٢ J אא(R)א)1((S) א)0( אא )0( )1( א (Q=0) א

אא)Rest (

٣ J אאSא)1((R)א)0( אא )0( )1 ( א (Q=1) א

אא)Set(K

٤ J א אS=1) ( R=1)( ، א אK

אאאא

א (Mode Of Operation)

Q CK R S

אNo Change Q0 ↓ X X

אFאENo Change Q0 X 0 0

אאLatch RESETS 0 ↑ 1 0

אאLatch SETS 1 ↑ 0 1

אאInvalid Condition ? ↑ 1 1

אF٥ J٢E א(0)(1)Z↑

ZX אאאZQ0

אאאא

אא אS-R) ( אא א F٢E

א LL١٤ א

אא(S-R) אאאא

אאא

١S1 , S2 , S3 ٢LED1 , LED2 ٣אW5101-3E

١אא(S-R) אאאK ٢אאאאאאK

٣א(S-R) אאאאאK

٤אא(S-R) אאאאאK ٥אאK

אאאא

Q=L2 Q = L1 ENABLE = CK R = SW2 S = SW3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1

١ Jא(S-R) אאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

٢ Jא(S-R) אאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאאS-R) ( אא אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

٣ Jא(D) W א א א (D)א אא

)Single Bit( א )0,1( א א א (S-R) אאאאF٥ J٥Eא(D)

F٥ J٥E

אאא(D)אא(D)אאCK) (אא)(Dאא)1(

אאא(CK) אאא،א )1 (Set،אא(S=1) א)R=0(אא،

(D) אאא)0(אא(CK) אאא0(א( Reset א(S=0) (R=1)

F٥ J٣Eא(Q=1) אאSet)1(א،אאא )0()0(אאK

Q CK D

אFאENo Change Q0 ↓ X

אאRESET 0 ↑ 0

אאSET 1 ↑ 1

F٥ J٣Eא(0)(1)Z↑،ZX

אאאא

אF٥ J٦Eאא(D)א(NAND) א)D(

F٥ J٦E

אאאא،אא،אK

אאאא

אא אD) ( א F٣E

א LL١٤ א

אא(D) אא

אאא

١S1 ٢LED1 , LED2 ٣אW5101-3E

١אא(D) אK ٢אאאאאאK

٣א(D) אאK

٤אא(D) אאאK ٥אאK

אאאא

Q=L2Q = L1Enable = CKD = SW2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

١ Jא(D) אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

٢ Jא(D) אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

٣ Jא(D) אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאאD) ( אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

٤ Jא(J-K)אאW

אא)(J-KאאאאKאאJ,K)(אאאאאאא(S-R)

אאKא(J-K)א)(S-RאאאWאא،אאFSetE

אא)Reset(Kאא)J-K(אS-R)(K

אF٥ J٧EאאJ-K)(אאאאKאאאS-R)(אא

אאאJ,K)(אא)1(אאK

אF٥ J٧E

אF٥ J٤EאJ-K)(א

)S-R(אאאאא(J,K)א1( א(א(Q)אאאא

א(CK) K

אאאא

Q CK K J

אNo Change Q0 ↑ X X

אFאENo Change Q0 ↓ 0 0

אאRESET 0 ↓ 1 0

אאSET 1 ↓ 0 1

אToggle

Q0 ↓ 1 1

אF٥ J٤E א(1)(0)Z↓

ZX אאאZQ0

אאאא

אא אJ-K) (אא א F٤E

א LL١٤ א

אא(J-K) אאאא

אאא

١S1 , S2 , S3 ٢LED1 , LED2 ٣אW5101-3E

١אא(J-K) אאאK ٢אאאאאאK

٣א(J-K) אאאאאK

٤אא(J-K) אאאאאK ٥אאK

אאאא

Q = L1 CLK = SW1 J = SW2 K = SW3

١ Jא(J-K) אאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

٢ Jא(J-K) אאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

٣ Jא(J-K) אאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאאJ-K) (אא אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

١LאאK ٢Lאא(S-R)אאאאא،אאK ٣LאאJ-K)(אאאK ٤Lאא(D)אאK ٥LאאS-RאאאK

אאאא

אאאא אאאא،אאאאאאא،אF E

אאא،אאאאK

אאאאאWאא

א אאFאאE

١Kאא(S-R) ٢K אא(S-R)אא ٣K אא(D) ٤K אא(J-K)אא

אאאEאFאאאא،????

אאאאK

אאאא

אאW ١Lאאאאאא

٢Lאאאאאא JאאאK ٣LאאאאאאאאK

٤Lאאאאא JאאK ٥LאאאאאאאאK ٦Lאאאאאא JאאK ٧LאאאאאאאK ٨Lאאאאא

F١٨E אאW

אFאאE

אאW5101-3E)(

(Data Show) K

אאW אאאK

אאאא

אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאW

٢LאאאאK

٣LאאאאאK

٤LאאאאאאK

٥LאאאאK

٦LאאאאאאK

٧LאאאאK

٨LאאK

٩LאאאאאאK

١٠LאאK

١١LאאאK

١٢LאאאאאK

אאאא

١Lאאאאאא

٢LאאאאאאK

٣LאאאK

٤LאאאאאאאאאK

٥LאאK

٦LאאאאאאK

٧LאאאK

٨LאאK

٩LאאאאאאאK

١٠LאאK

١١LאאאאK

١٢LאאאאאK

١٣LאאאאאאאאאאאK

١٤LאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאא

אאאא

Wא(Registers)W

א،אאאאאאאאאאא

)bit (אא،אאאאא،

אאאאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאW

١Lאאאאאא(SISO) K ٢Lאאאאאא(SIPO) K

٣Lאאאאאא(PISO) K ٣Lאאאאאא(PIPO) K

אF٦ J١EאאK

F٦ J١E

אאאא

אאאאא–אאא)SISO(W

אF٦ J١Eאא،אאאאא(0110) אאאא(1001)

אאאK

F٦ J١E

אאא )1st (אאאאאאאאאאאאא

FאאאEאאאאאK

אאא)2nd( א(0110)אאאאאא(1001)K

،אאאאאא،אאא،אאא(0110)אא

אאאא،(1001)אאאK

אאאא

אF٦ J٢Eאא(4-bits)

אאאD) (Kאאאא(D) אאא(FF0)אאא،(Q0) אא

(D)א(FF1)אאא،(Q1)אא(D)א(FF2)אאא،(Q2)אאא(D)אא(FF3)אאאאאאאאאאא

F٦ J٢E

אאאא Jאא(SIPO)W אF٦ J٣Eאאאאאאאאא–אא،אאא،

אאאא(4-bits)אאאאאאאאאFאאאאKE

F٦ J٣E

אאאא

(4-bits)אאאאאאKאאאאאא

אא( Q0,Q1,Q2,Q3 )(4-bits)אאK

אאאא

אא אאאא–

אא(SIPO) א F١E

א LL١٤ א

אאאא

אאא

١S1 ٢LED1 , LED2 , LED3 , LED4 ٣אW5101-3E

١אאא(SIPO)אK ٢אאא(0101) אא

٣אאאK

٤אאאאאאא ٥אאאאאאא(PIPO) K

אאאא

Output Input CK

Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0 D

אאאW KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאא(PIPO)

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאאאאא

אא אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

Wאאא (Counters)W אאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאW אF٦ J٤ JEאא

אK(J-K)אאKאאאאאאאאא

אאKא(J,K) א)1 (High אא

אאKאאאאאאא)Q(אF٦ J٤ JKEא

)Q0,Q1,Q2,Q3(אאאאא0000אאא

אאאאF٦ J٢EאאFF0 )Q0((LSB)אאFF3)Q3(א )MSB(K

Cycle Repeats

Binary Count

אאאא

F٦ J٤E

אא)(FF0אאאא(Q0)،אאאא )(Q0אF٦ J٤ JEאאאאאא

)(Q0"0""1"אאא"1"

"0"אKאא(Q0)אא)(FF1،)Q0(אQ1)(

(Q1)אQ2)(،(Q2)א)(Q3K

אאאא

אאאאאאאW אF٦ J٥Eאא(J-K)א

AND)(אאאא(4-bits)אאאאFEאא

אאאאאאאאKאאאא،אאאאא

F٦ J٥E

אאאאא(K,J)אא

(FF0)א(High)،א،אאאאאאאאא

אLow)((High))(High(Low) אK

א(K,J)אא(FF1)אאאא(2)אאא)(FF0Kאא)(Q0א(Low)א،Q1)(אא(FF1)אQ0) (

א(High) א،)Q1(K

אאאא

א(K,J)אא(FF2)אאאAND

(A) (Q0,Q1)KאQ0,Q1) (אאHigh

אאAND (A) (High)אאאא(FF2)

א(K,J) אא(FF3)אאאAND

(B) א)Q0,Q1,Q2(א(Q0,Q1,Q2) א)(HighאאAND (B))(Highאאאא)FF3 (

אאאא

אא אאאאא א F٢E

א LL١٤ א

אאאאאאא

אאא

١S1 , S2 ٢LED1 , LED2 , LED3 , LED4 ٣אW5101-3E

١אאאאאאאK ٢אאאאאאאK ٣אאאאאאK

٤אאאאאאאאאK ٥אא

אאאא

אאאQ0Q1Q0Q3

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

אאאQ0Q1Q2Q3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאאאאאאאLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

אא ١LאאאK ٢LאאאאSISO אK ٣LאאאאאאK ٤LאאאאK ٥LאאאאאאK ٦LאאאאאאאאK

אאאא

אאאא אאאאאא،אא

אאאא،אאF Eאא،אאא

אאאאאWאאאא

א אאFאאE

١KאאאK ٢K אאא(SIPO)K ٣K אאאאאK ٤K אאאאאאK

אאאאK

אאאא

אאW אאאאאאא

אאW ١Lאאאאא ٢Lאאאאאאאא ٣Lאאאאא(ROM) K ٤Lאאאאאא(RAM) K ٥Lאאאאא(RAM)K ٦Lאאאאא

F٥E אאW

א )TEST BOARD(

א?אא?אK

(Data Show) K

אאW אאאK

אאאא

אאאאאאאא

אאאW

٢LאאאאK

٣LאאאאאK

٤LאאאאאאK

٥LאאאאK

٦LאאאאאאK

٧LאאאאK

٨LאאK

٩LאאאאאאK

١٠LאאK

١١LאאאK

אאאא

١Lאאאאאא

٢LאאאאאאK

٣LאאאK

٥LאאK

٦LאאאאאאK

٧LאאאאאK

١٠Lאאאא אK

١٢LאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאא

אאאא

אאאW

אאאאא،אאאאאאאאאא،

אאאאאאאאאאא،

אאאאאא(Bit) אאK

אאאאW ١ Jא(Bit) Wאא

אא(0) (1)K

٢ Jא(Byte)Wאאא(8-Bit) K

א←F1Byte = 8 BitE

٣ Jא(Word)Wא(4-Bytes)(32-Bit)K

א←(Word = 4 Byte = 32 Bit)

אאאאאאאW ١ Jאאא(ROM : Read Only Memory) W

אאאאאא،אW

–אאאאK (PROM) Programmable Read Only Memory.

JאאאאאK (EPROM) Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.

JאאאאאK (EEPROM) Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.

אאאא

٢ Jאאאא(RAM: Random Access Memory) W

אאאאא،אאW

–אאאStstic Random Access Memory) ( אאא(Flip Flop)

–אאא(Dynamic Random Access Memory)

אאאK

אF٧ J١EאאF٦٤EאאאאאאאאאאF١٦E

F٤E، )Nibble (א(16*4)F١٦EאF٤EK

א←Nibble = 4 Bit

אא Bit A

אא 8 0 9 1 10 2 1 0 1 0 11 3

12 4 13 5 14 6 15 7

F٧ J١E אאאFאאאאEאאאא

אאF١١E،אאאאאאאא،אאאאK

א( RAM )( ROM )( ROM )אאאאאK

אאאא

אאא(64-Bit) W

אF٧–١Eאא (7489)א( RAM ) (TTL)אאאאאF٦٤E،

F١٦EאF٤EאאW ١ Jא( DI1 , DI2 , DI3 , DI4 ) K ٢ Jא( ADA , ADB , ADC , ADD ) K ٣ J( DO1 , DO2 , DO3 , DO4 ) (L)

K ٤ Jאאא( WE : Write Enable )

(L) א(H) K ٥ Jאאאאא( ME : Memory Enable )

אF٧–١E

אאאא

אF٧ J٢Eאא(RAM 7489)K

א אא ME

אאא L L

אאא L H א

אאא H X

F٧–٢E

אאאא

אא אאא(RAM) א F١E

א LL١٤ א

אאאאא(RAM) א

אאאא

١(5V)٢אא(Test Board)

١א(IC7489)

٢LED1 , LED2 , LED3 , LED4) E ٣(S1 , S2 , S3 , S4 , S5 , S6 , S7 , S8 , S9 , S10) ٤(R1=R2=R3=R4=1KΩ) ٥אא

١אאאא(RAM) אK ٢אאאא(WE=0)

٣אאאאא(ME=1)

٤אאאאאאא ٥אאאאא(ME=0)

٦אF٣EF٤EF٥Eאאאא٧אאאא(WE=1) K ٨אאא(RAM) אאK ٩אאK

א א אא

אאאא

DI1 DI2 DI3 DI4 ADA ADBADCADD

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1

1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2

0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 3

1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 4

0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 5

1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 6

0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 7

1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 8 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 10 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 12 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 13

1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 14

0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 15

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאאאא(RAM) אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

١٥ אא אא١٥ א

אא א אא א

אאאא

١Lאאאא؟ ٢LאאאאאאK ٣Lאאאא؟אאא ٤Lאאאא(ROM)אאאא(RAM) ؟ ٥Lאאאא(64-Bit) אאאאK ٥Lאאאא(64-Bit) K

אאאא

אאאאאאאא

אאאאאא،אאאאאא،אא

אאאאאWאאאא

א אאFאאE

١Kאאאא ٢K אאאאא ٣K אאאא(ROM) ٤K אאאאא(RAM) ٥K אאאאא(RAM) ٦K אאאאאא(RAM)

אאאאK

אאאא

אאאאאא

אאאא

אאW אאאאאא

אאW ١LאאאK ٢LאאאאK ٣LאאK ٤LאאאK ٥LאאאK ٦LאאאאK ٧Lאאאאא

F١٨E אאW

(Data Show) K

אאW אאאK

אאאא

אאאאאאאא

אאאW

١LאאאWאאאאאK

٢LאאאאK

٣LאאאאאK

٤LאאאאאאK

٥LאאאאK

٦LאאאאאאK

٧LאאאאK

٨LאאK

٩LאאאאאאK

١٠LאאK

١١LאאאK

١٢LאאאאאK

אאאא

١LאאאאאאK

٢LאאאאאאK

٣LאאאK

٤LאאאאאאאK

٥LאאאאאאאאאאK

٦LאאאK

٧LאאאאאאK

٨L אאאאאאK

٩L אאאאK

١٠LאאאאאK

١١LאאאאאK

١٢LאאאאאK

אאאאאא

אאאא

א JאאW

אאאאאאא

אאK אאאאא

אאאאאK א(IC)אא

אאאאאאא א

אאאאאאאאאאאאא،

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאK אאאא

אאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאK

Wאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאK

אאאא

אאאW

אאאאאאאאאאאאא

،אאא،אאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאא،אאK

אאאאאאאא

אאאאK W אאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אFאאאאאאאא

Eאאאאאאא

אאאK W אאאאאא؟

אאא،אאאאא

אK W אאאאאא

אא؟אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאK

אאאא

אW אאאאאאאאאאאא،

אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאK

אאאאאא،

אאא K אאאאW

אאאאאאאאאאF٨ J١KE

א אאא

אאא אא

F٨ J١E

אאאא

F٨אאאא J٢KE

אאא

F٨ J٢E

אאאW אא

אאאאאאאאF٨ J٣EאאאK

אאא א

אאא אאא

F٨ J٣E

אאאא

אF٨ J١EאאאW

אא א

١אintel

٢ ATMEL

٣ SONY

٤ MICROSHIP

٥ TOSHIBA

F٨ J١E

אאאא

אאא،אאאאאאאאא

אא،אאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאא(MP3)

K אא

אאאאK

אאאא

אאאאאאK א JאאW

F٨ J٤E

אאאא

אאאאK

אאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאK אאW

אאאאאאאאא W

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT CPU

אאא

Flash Program Memory ROM

אאאא

Random Access Memory RAM

Bus Unit אאא

Clock & Oscillator

אאא I/O Ports

אאאא

אאW(CPU)אאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאK

אאאWאאא(ROM)אאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאW(RAM)אאאאאאאאא

אאW)(BUSאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאK

אW)(BUS Unitאאאאאאאאאא

אאא،אאאאאאאא

אאא אK

אאאאאK

אאאא

אאאWאאאאאאאאאא

אאאWאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאK

אאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאK

אאאא

אאאW

١ JאMicroprocessor) (:

א)(CPU אאWCentral Processing Unit) (אאאאאא(Peripheral I/O Ports)،א

אא(RAM)אאאאאאא (EEPROM)،

אאאאא(EEPROM)אא

אW L א)(Data LinesWאא

٨١٦٣٢Pin)( א٨١٦٣٢،אאאא

אK Lא(Address Lines)Wאא

אאאFאאאKEאאא٨١٦٣٢אא

א)(Data Lines،א(68000) (Motorola) אא)(Z80K

אאאא

אWאאאאא،אא

אאאאא)(ROM-

EPROM-EEPROM،אאאאאאא(PLC)K

٢ Jא(Microcontroller)W אא

אW ١ Jאא(CPU: Central Processing Unit)K ٢ Jאא)RAM: Read Access Memory(K ٣ Jאאא(EEPROM)K ٤ Jאאאאאא)(Peripheral I/O UnitsK

אWאאאאא

אאאא

אW אW

١ JFEK ٢ JK ٣ Jאאאא(MicroC) K ٤ Jאאא(Picpgm) K ٥ Jא(Proteus) K ٦ Jא(PIC)אאאPIC16F84A) ( K ٧ JאאאW،،

אW אF٨ J٥Eאא(PIC)אא،אאאאK

F٨ J٥E

אאאאאאאPIC

אאאא

אF٨ J٦EאאאאK

F٨ J٦E

אאF١٧،١٨،١،٢،٣ E (PORTA)

)A0,A1,A2,A3,A4 (אא٦١٣(PORTB)(B0)B7) (אF٨ J٧EK

F٨ J٧E

אאאא

אאאאW WאאW

אא(MicroC)אאא ١Lאא

F٨ J٨KE

F٨ J٨E

٢L אאאא(PIC)אאאאRC)(

F٨ J٩KE

F٨ J٩E

אאאא

٣L אאF٨ J١٠KE

F٨ J١٠E

WאאאW אאאאאא

א(PIC) אא א אBuild Project) (

(Ctrl+F9) F٨ J١١KE

אאאא

F٨ J١١E

אאאF٨ J١٢E

F٨ J١٢E

אאא(MicroC)אאא(hex)אאאא

אאא(hex)K

אאאא

WFEאא(PIC)

١Lא)(PICאF٨ J١٣WE

F٨ J١٣E

٢LאאאK ٣L(picpgm programmer) אאא

אPIC)EF(hex אPIC)EאאאאאW

F٨ J١٤E

אאאא

JאF٨ J١٥KE

F٨ J١٥E

Jא(ok)K Jא(Browse)אאא

(Hex) F٨ J١٦KE

F٨ J١٦E

אאאא

Jאאא(Open)F٨ J١٧KE

F٨ J١٧E

Jאא(PIC)אא(PIC 16F84A) F٨ J١٨KE

F٨ J١٨E

אאאא

Jאאאא

F٨ J١٩KE

F٨ J١٩E

אא،אאF٨ J٢٠E

F٨ J٢٠E

אאא(PIC)אא(PIC)אאא،אאא

אאא(PIC)א(PIC)אאאאK

אאאא

אא אאאא

א F١E

א LL١٤ א

אאאא(LED)אPIC16F84A) (

אאאא

١א(PIC16F84A) ٢(IC7805) ٣(22pf)

٤ (420Ω , 10kΩ) ٥(LED)

١אא٢א ٣(9V)

١ אאאK ٢ א(MicroC) אK ٣ אאא??(New Project)F٨ J٨KE F٨אאאאאא ٤ J٩E٥ אאאאF٨ J١٠E ٦ אאא(PIC)F٨ J١١KE ٧ א(PIC) אF٨ J١٣KE ٨ אאאאF٨ J٦KE ٩ א(picpgm programmer) F٨ J١٤KE ١٠א(JDM) F٨ J١٥KE ١١אאאF٨ J١٦KE ١٢אאF٨ J١٧KE ١٣אאא(PIC16F84A) F٨ J١٨KE١٤אאאאF٨ J١٩KE ١٥אאF٨ J٢٠KE

אאאא

١א(22pf)א(10kΩ) RC) (א

F١٦KE

٢א(PIC)(5V) א

א(5V)K

٣אא،אאא

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאאאאא

אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

١Lא(Microcontroller)K ٢LאאאK ٣Lאאא؟ ٤Lאאא(Microcontroller) K ٥L؟אאא ٦Lאאאאא ؟

אאאא

אאאאאאאא

אאא،אאאאאא،אא

אאאאאWא

א אאFאאE

١KאאK ٢K אאאK ٣K אK ٤K אא ٥K אאא

אאאאK

אאאא

אאאאאא

אאאא

אאW אאאא(OP.AMP)

אאW ١Lאאאא(OP.AMP)K ٢LאאאאK

٣LאאאאK ٤LאאאאK ٥LאאאאK ٦LאאK ٧Lאאאאא

F١٨E אאW

אאא

א(TEST BORD) K

(Data Show) K

אאW אאאK

אאאא

אאאאאאאא

אאאW

٢LאאאאK

٣LאאאאאK

٤LאאאאאאK

٥LאאאאK

٦LאאאאאאK

٧LאאאאK

٨LאאK

٩LאאאאאאK

١٠LאאK

١١LאאאK

١٢LאאאאאK

אאאא

١LאאאאאאK

٢LאאאאאאK

٣LאאאK

٤Lאאאא(50V)א،א(50mA) K

٥Lאא)TURN OFF(אאאאK

٦Lאא

٧LאאאאאאK

٨LאאאK

٩LאאאK

١٠LאאאאK

١١LאאאאאK

١٢LאאאאאאאאאאאK

١٣LאאאאאK

אאאאאא

אאאא

אא(OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER) W

אאאאא )Op – Amp(אאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאF٩ J١EK

F٩ J١Eאא)OP. AMP(

אF٩ J٢EאאאאK

F٩ J٢Eאאאא(OP AMP)

א אא

אאאא

אF٩ J٣EאאאאאF741EאK

F٩ J٣E

אאא) OFFSET NULL±( אאאאK

אאאW ١ JאK

٢ Jא،א،אK

٣ Jאאאאא אאK

אאא(off)אאK

אאאא

Wאאאא

א،א،אאאאKאאאא

אאאW אאאא(741)אא

(1)א5)(אאאאF٩ J٤KE

אא??אFאאEאאK

F٩ J٤E

אאאא

אFEאאW

،אאא،אאאא

א (741)אVCC = +15 V) ،(VEE = -15Vאא )(Vo = ±

14 Vאא– 14 V)( )(+ 14 VK

אW ١ J אאא

٢ J אאאאאאאK

٣ J אא،אאK

٤ J אאFאאאEאאK

٥ J אאאK

Fא–אEKKKאאאK ٦ J אא

VCC) ± (K

٧ J אF،KE

٨ J אאאאאאאאאK

אאאא

אאאW EאאW

אאא،אאIX = 0) ،IY = 0(K

EאאW

אאאFאAEאאאFאBEVA = VB Kאאאא

אאאא

אא אא א F١E

א LL١٤ א

אאאאא

١א(±15V DC) K

٢FאKE ٣אאK

אאא

١אאאK ٢(TEST BORD) K

١א(IC741) K ٢א(10KΩ * 3 , 100KΩ * 2 , RV1=10KΩ) K

אאאא

אא ١אאא(IC741) אאאא .

٢אאאאK ٣אאאאאא(±15V DC)K

٤אאאא(Vin1 , Vin2) . ٥אאאאאאK

٦אאאאאK

٧אאאאK ٨אאK

١אאאאK ٢אא(IC741)(10KΩ)K

אאא

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאאאאLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא ١٥ אא١٥ א

אא א אא א

אאאא

אאא(Inverting Amplifier)W

F٩ J٥Eאאא

אאאאאאאF٩ J٥Eאאאא،אאא

א،אאFאאEאK

אא(Vout)א+vcc) (-vcc) (,א

± vcc) ( אאאאאW

אאאא

אא אאא א F٢E

א LL١٤ א

אאאאאא

١א(±15V DC) K

٢FאKE ٣אא–K

אאא

١א(IC741) K ٢א(100KΩ , 10KΩ , 2.2KΩ , 1KΩ , 100Ω) K

אאאא

אא ١אאאא

٢אאאא(G) אאאK ٣אא(100mV) אאאK ٤אאאאאאאK

٥אאאאאא ٦א(VE) א(VA) אאK ٧אא(10mV)אא(400Hz) ٨אאאא(R1=1kΩ , Rg=10KΩ)٩אאK

Wא(R1=100Ω , Rg=100KΩ)

F(Hz) 100 400 1k 10k 100k 200k

VE(V) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

אאא(G) אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKZ

Wא(R1=100KΩ , Rg=10KΩ)

F(Hz) 100 400 1k 10k 100k 200k

VE(V) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

אאאא

Wא(R1=1kΩ , Rg=10KΩ)

F(Hz) 100 400 1k 10k 100k 200k

VE(V) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאאאא אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא ١٥ אא١٥ א

אא א אא א

אאאא

אא(Non Inverting Amplifier) :

F٩ J٦Eאאא

אF٩ J٦EאאאאאאאW

אאאW R1

אאאאאK

אאאא

אא אאא א F٣E

א LL١٤ א

אאאאאא

١א(±15V DC) K

٢FאKE ٣אא–K

אאא

١ א(IC741) K ٢ א(100KΩ , 10KΩ , 1KΩ) K

אאאא

אא ١ אאאא

٢אאא(1KHz) K ٣אאא ٤ אאאא(2V/cm) (1ms/cm) K ٥ אאאא(5V/cm) (1ms/cm) K ٦ אאאא(Vin) K ٧אא(Vout) אאאK ٨אאאאא(Amplitude)א٩אא(Vin) אאאK ١٠אא(Vout) אאאK ١١אאאאK

١٢אאאאאK ١٣אאK

אאאא

WאאאW

WאאאW= ……...AV =

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאאאאאLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

١W אאאאא(R2 = 100KΩ , R1 = 10KΩ) אאאא(Vin = 0.5V) K

אW אא10

K10K100

1R2RAv

אVo = ( -10 ) * 0.5 = -5V

אאאא180˚

٢W אאאא(R2 = 10KΩ , R1 = 1KΩ) אK

אW אא

א א א א، א،אK

K1011R2R1Av

אאאא

אא( Summing Amplifier ) W

F٩ J٧Eאא

אF٩ J٧EאאאאKאא

אאאאאאאא

،אאאאאאK Wאאא

VO = - ( V1 + V2 + V3 )

W אאאאK

אאאאאא

180°K

אאאא

אא אאא א F٤E

א LL١٤ א

אאאאאא

١א(±15V DC) K

٢FאKE ٣אא–K

אאא

١ א(IC741) K ٢ א(22KΩ , 33KΩ , 27KΩ , 10KΩ *3) K

אאאא

אא ١ אאאא

٢אא(1 Vpp) א(1KHz) K ٣ אא(A1,A2) אאK٤ אא(Vpp) אאאK٥ אא(V1) (V2)אאאK ٦א(Vpp) אאאK ٧אא(R1) (22KΩ) (10KΩ) K ٨אא(S1,S2) אא(1 Vpp) K٩א(Vpp)(R1) אאא١٠אא(R1)(33KΩ) (22KΩ) K ١١אא(S1,S2)אא(1 Vpp) K١٢א(Vpp)(R1) אאא١٣אא(R1)(10KΩ)(33KΩ) K ١٤אא(RF)(27KΩ)(10KΩ) K ١٥אאא(R1=R2=10KΩ , RF=27kΩ)K ١٦אאK

S1 S2 V1 V2 Vout

Open Open 0 0

Open Closed 0 1 Vpp

Closed Open 1 Vpp 0

Closed Closed 1 Vpp 1 Vpp

A1 = …………. , A2 = …………..

אאאא

S1 S2 V1 V2 Vout

Open Open 0 0

Open Closed 0 1 Vpp

Closed Open 1 Vpp 0

Closed Closed 1 Vpp 1 Vpp

A1 = …………. , A2 = …………..

Wאא(R1) W

R1 S1 S2 V1 V2 Vout

22KΩ Closed Closed 1 Vpp 1 Vpp

33KΩ Closed Closed 1 Vpp 1 Vpp

אWא (R1=R2=10KΩ , RF=27KΩ) W

V1 or V2 0.5 Vpp 1 Vpp 1.5 Vpp 2 Vpp

Vout حسابيا

Vout قياسيا

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאאאא אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

אאFאEDifference Amplifier W

אאF٩ J٨Eאאאאאאא،אא

א )(Instrumentation Amplifierאאאאאא)(Transducers،

אאאFא JאאEא،אאאא

،אאK

Wא(R1=R2) אא)(V1א(V2)K

F٩ J٨EאאFאE

2)V1(V1R2RVO

אאאא

א (Comparator) W

אאא،אF٩ J٩Eאא،

א)300 000(אFEא )Vsat ( )(Vccא(1Volt)

(2Volt)K

F٩ J٩Eאא

F٩ J١٠Eא

אאאא

אF٩ J١٠Eאאא

אVd = V1 – V2א)(V errorאאW

)(V1 > V2 אא(Vd)א)+Vsat (K

)(V1 < V2א(Vd) א(-Vsat) K

א)Vd = V1 – V2 (אK

Vsat = Vout = ( V1 – V2 ) Avol אFאKE

VsatVd

VsatAvol אאK

אאאא

אא א א F٥E

א LL١٤ א

אאאא

١א(±15V DC) K

٢FאKE ٣אא–K

אאא

١ א(IC741) K ٢ א(10KΩ * 2 , 1KΩ) K ٣(0.47µf * 2) K

אאאא

אא ١ אאא

٢אאאאא(DC) K ٣ אאאא(10KΩ)K ٤ אאא(100Hz) (2Vpp) K ٥ אא(Vout) אאאK ٦א(Vp) אא(T) K ٧אאאאאאK ٨אא(100µf) אאאK ٩אאא(100Hz) (2Vpp) K ١٠אא(Vout) א(100µf) K ١١אאאאאאאא١٢אאK

Volt Division =………..……….. Time Division= ……..….……

אאאא

אאא

WאאW

אאאא

אאא

אWאאאW

WאWVp = ……………….…….....

WאאWT = ………………...….……

אאW אW אאW אW

אאאא

אאא אLL١٤

אF٥٠GE

٩ J١٠

٧ J٨

٥ J٦

٣ J٤

٠ J٢

١ J ٢ J ٣ J

١ J ٢ J

א ١٥ א ٥٠

אא א אא א

אאאא

١LאאאאK

٣LאאאK

٣LאאK

٤LאאK

٥LR1 = 10kΩkΩR2 = 100Av , VoK

٦LR1 = 1kΩkΩR2 = 10AvK

٧LאאאK

אאאא

אאאא אאא،אא

אאאא،אאF Eאא،אאא

אאאאאWא

א אאFאאE

١Kאאא ٢K אאא ٣K אאא ٤K אאא ٥K א

אאאאK

אאאא

אא א

אאא

אאא Lאא

א Albert paul malvino

אא Lא Lאא

אאא Lא

Lאאא

FE J J J J J J

אFE J J J J J J

אאאא

אא א

אאא

א אאאא

/א falaqeel@tvtc.gov.sa

א א א א - cdd.tvtc.gov.sa · ١ k ٩ k ... e ١٥ f...

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