آنالیز مدارهای الکترونیکی با استفاده از PSPICE

PSPICE

PSPICE(OrCAD 9.2)b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir: Email: b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir1388/12/11

Introduction PSpice

PSPICE (Personal Simulation Program With Integrated Circuit Emphasis)

PSpice is a simulation program that models the behavior of a circuit.

PSpice simulates analog-only circuits, whereas PSpice A/D simulates any mix of analog and digital devices.

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

Introduction PSpice

Used with OrCAD Capture for design entry, you can think of PSpice as a software-based breadboard of your circuit that you can use to test and refine your design before manufacturing the physical circuit board or IC.

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir ORCAD 9.2Orcad 9.2Run the setup program.These are the key codes :1000-00000-0000 for Capture2000-00000-0000 for Capture CIS5000-00000-0000 for Layout6000-00000-0000 for Layout Plus7000-00000-0000 for Layout Engineer's Edition8000-00000-0000 for PsPice9000-00000-0000 for PsPice A/D

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir ORCAD 9.2This is authorization code:0000-000-0000-00000-00000b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir ORCAD 9.22) Run three Orcad Web Updates from the folders :a) \ORCAD92\Orcad web Update\Capture92_WebUpdate1b) \ORCAD92\Orcad web Update\Capture92_WebUpdate2c) \ORCAD92\Orcad web Update\Capture92_WebUpdate3

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir ORCAD 9.23) Copy the file \ORCAD92\orcadfnc.dll to the three folders (you should overwrite it) :a) C:\Program Files\Orcad\Captureb) C:\Program Files\Orcad\Layout_Plus (or Layout)c) C:\Program Files\Orcad\PSpice

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir ORCAD 9.24) Copy the file Orcad.lic (with size 0) to the four folders : a) C:\Program Files\Orcadb) C:\Program Files\Orcad\Capturec) C:\Program Files\Orcad\Layout_Plus (or Layout)d) C:\Program Files\Orcad\PSpice

b_behnam@kiau.ac.irNumeric value conventions Name

b_behnam@kiau.ac.irSelect Capture OR Capture CIS

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir Funcionalidades de la placa: Se trata del diseo de una placa que ha de hacer de buffer para 12 seales que vienen de dos encoders. Tambin se aprovecha para interconectar otros elementos necesarios y proporciona un interfaz con el usuario mediante el uso de unos interruptores y LEDs.b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

Creating the New Project

b_behnam@kiau.ac.irSelect Analog or Mixed A/D

b_behnam@kiau.ac.irSelect a blank project

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b_behnam@kiau.ac.irFor insert componentFor place wireFor insert GNDFor insert net aliasPlacing Parts

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Selection componentList of librariesThat installb_behnam@kiau.ac.irTo place the ground parts (0), click the GND button on the tool paletteIf 0 ground is absentAdd the library for the parts you need to place: Click the add library button Select SOURCE.OLB (from the PSpice library) andClick openPlace the ground partsPlacing Ground

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Rotation: [R]Flip horizontally: [H]Flip vertically: [V]Double click every property to changeEditing Parts b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

Double click every part to see and edit full table of propertiesEditing Parts

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b_behnam@kiau.ac.irBias pointDC sweep sweep of the parameterTime domain (transient)Frequency domain (AC/Noise)Additional (multi-run analyses)ParametricTemperatureOptimizationMonte carlo/Worst case

Simulation Types b_behnam@kiau.ac.irSimulation Types (DC)

Bias-point1- Ac .2- .3- .4- t=0 .b_behnam@kiau.ac.irSimulation Types (DC) Bias-point

TOOLb_behnam@kiau.ac.irSimulation Settings (Bias Point) Simulation Types (DC)

b_behnam@kiau.ac.irSimulation Types (DC) Bias-point1- Bias-point 2- Bias-point b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

Example1: bias point with and without Initial condition voltage in capacitorb_behnam@kiau.ac.irExample2: bias point with and without Initial condition current in inductor

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Type Names of Elements in BREAKOUT library

b_behnam@kiau.ac.irSelect Dbreak from in BREAKOUT libraryDbreak is a diode model that user can modifiy diode parameter

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SPICE diode model with reverse-biased condition.

SPICE small-signal diode model.Pspice diode model

Static diode model with reverse-based condition.b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

Parameters of Diode Modelb_behnam@kiau.ac.irDIODE STATEMENT

.MODEL SWITCH D(IS=100E15 CJO=2PF TT=12NS BV=100 IBV=10E3)b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

b_behnam@kiau.ac.irExample3: bias point for diode

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir.OP (OPERATING POINT) ( ) Dc . operating point bias point quiescent point . Pspice . .OP bias point simulation output file .b_behnam@kiau.ac.irExample4: .OP for diode

.MODEL DX D(IS=100E15 CJO=2PF TT=12NS BV=100 IBV=10E3)

b_behnam@kiau.ac.irExample4: .OP for diode

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir**** 10/06/09 10:36:30 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 0 ********

** Profile: "SCHEMATIC1-diode_bias" [ C:\DOCUMENTS AND SETTINGS\BEHZAD\DESKTOP\BEHZAD\ORCAD_EBOOKS\PPT FOR CLASS\ex_3\diode_bias-SC

**** CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

******************************************************************************

** Creating circuit file "diode_bias-SCHEMATIC1-diode_bias.sim.cir" ** WARNING: THIS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED FILE MAY BE OVERWRITTEN BY SUBSEQUENT SIMULATIONS

*Libraries: * Local Libraries :.LIB ".\diode_bias.lib" * From [PSPICE NETLIST] section of C:\Program Files\Orcad\PSpice\PSpice.ini file:.lib "nom.lib"

*Analysis directives: .OP.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) .INC ".\diode_bias-SCHEMATIC1.net"

**** INCLUDING diode_bias-SCHEMATIC1.net ***** source DIODE_BIASD_D1 VD 0 dx R_R1 V_INPUT VD 1k V_V1 V_INPUT 0 5Vdc

**** RESUMING diode_bias-SCHEMATIC1-diode_bias.sim.cir ****.ENDb_behnam@kiau.ac.irUnable to find index file diode_bias.ind for library file diode_bias.libMaking new index file diode_bias.ind for library file diode_bias.libIndex has 1 entries from 1 file(s).

**** 10/06/09 10:36:30 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 0 ********

**** Diode MODEL PARAMETERS****************************************************************************** dx IS 100.000000E-15 BV 100 IBV 100.000000E-15 RS .1 TT 1.000000E-12 CJO 2.000000E-12

**** 10/06/09 10:36:30 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 0 ********

**** SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

****************************************************************************** NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE

( VD) .6341 (V_INPUT) 5.0000

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS NAME CURRENT V_V1 -4.366E-03

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 2.18E-02 WATTS

**** 10/06/09 10:36:30 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 0 ********

**** OPERATING POINT INFORMATION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

*****************************************************************************

**** DIODES

NAME D_D1 MODEL dx ID 4.37E-03 VD 6.34E-01 REQ 5.92E+00 CAP 3.38E-12

JOB CONCLUDED

TOTAL JOB TIME .03b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

SPICE small-signal diode model..MODEL DX D(IS=100E15 CJO=2PF TT=12NS BV=100 IBV=10E3)b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

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b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir.SENS (SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS) .SENS . bias point ( ) .b_behnam@kiau.ac.irExample5: .SENS for resistor

** Profile: "SCHEMATIC1-R-sens" [ C:\DOCUMENTS AND SETTINGS\BEHZAD\DESKTOP\BEHZAD\ORCAD_EBOOKS\PPT FOR CLASS\ex_sens\r_sens-SCHEMAT

******************************************************************************

** Creating circuit file "r_sens-SCHEMATIC1-R-sens.sim.cir" ** WARNING: THIS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED FILE MAY BE OVERWRITTEN BY SUBSEQUENT SIMULATIONS

*Libraries: * Local Libraries :* From [PSPICE NETLIST] section of C:\Program Files\Orcad\PSpice\PSpice.ini file:.lib "nom.lib"

*Analysis directives: .SENS v([OUT]) .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) .INC ".\r_sens-SCHEMATIC1.net"

**** INCLUDING r_sens-SCHEMATIC1.net ***** source R_SENSR_R1 IN OUT 3k R_R2 0 OUT 2k V_V1 IN 0 5V

**** RESUMING r_sens-SCHEMATIC1-R-sens.sim.cir ****.ENDb_behnam@kiau.ac.ir**** 10/06/09 13:05:13 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 0 ******** ** Profile: "SCHEMATIC1-R-sens" [ C:\DOCUMENTS AND SETTINGS\BEHZAD\DESKTOP\BEHZAD\ORCAD_EBOOKS\PPT FOR CLASS\ex_sens\r_sens-SCHEMAT **** SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C****************************************************************************** NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE

( IN) 5.0000 ( OUT) 2.0000

VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS NAME CURRENT

V_V1 -1.000E-03

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 5.00E-03 WATTS

**** 10/06/09 13:05:13 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 0 ******** ** Profile: "SCHEMATIC1-R-sens" [ C:\DOCUMENTS AND SETTINGS\BEHZAD\DESKTOP\BEHZAD\ORCAD_EBOOKS\PPT FOR CLASS\ex_sens\r_sens-SCHEMAT

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir **** DC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

******************************************************************************

DC SENSITIVITIES OF OUTPUT V(OUT)

ELEMENT ELEMENT ELEMENT NORMALIZED NAME VALUE SENSITIVITY SENSITIVITY (VOLTS/UNIT) (VOLTS/PERCENT)

R_R1 3.000E+03 -4.000E-04 -1.200E-02 R_R2 2.000E+03 6.000E-04 1.200E-02 V_V1 5.000E+00 4.000E-01 2.000E-02

JOB CONCLUDED

TOTAL JOB TIME .02b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir 1- . .

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir3-

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir : .

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir ANALOG E, F, G ,H .

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir(a) Voltage-controlled voltage source,

b_behnam@kiau.ac.irb) current-controlled current source

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir(c) voltage-controlled current source,

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir(d) current-controlled voltage source.

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir.TF (SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSFER FUNCTION) DC .

Example6: .TF for bjt model V(OUT)/Vin = AV

INPUT RESISTANCE AT Vin = Rin

OUTPUT RESISTANCE AT V(OUT) = Routb_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

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** Profile: "SCHEMATIC1-ex_tf" [ C:\DOCUMENTS AND SETTINGS\BEHZAD\DESKTOP\BEHZAD\ORCAD_EBOOKS\PPT FOR CLASS\EX_SENS\ex_tf\ex_tf-SCH

******************************************************************************

** Creating circuit file "ex_tf-SCHEMATIC1-ex_tf.sim.cir" ** WARNING: THIS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED FILE MAY BE OVERWRITTEN BY SUBSEQUENT SIMULATIONS

*Analysis directives: .TF v([OUT]) V_Vin.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) .INC ".\ex_tf-SCHEMATIC1.net"

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir**** INCLUDING ex_tf-SCHEMATIC1.net ***** source EX_TFR_Rs IN N00210 500 R_R1 0 N00210 15k R_rp N00442 N00210 1.5k X_F1 N00442 N00476 OUT N00476 SCHEMATIC1_F1 R_RE N00476 0 250 V_Vin IN 0 0VdcR_ro OUT N00476 50k R_RL OUT 0 10k

.subckt SCHEMATIC1_F1 1 2 3 4 F_F1 3 4 VF_F1 100VF_F1 1 2 0V.ends SCHEMATIC1_F1

**** RESUMING ex_tf-SCHEMATIC1-ex_tf.sim.cir ****.END

**** 10/06/09 20:52:45 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 0 ********

** Profile: "SCHEMATIC1-ex_tf" [ C:\DOCUMENTS AND SETTINGS\BEHZAD\DESKTOP\BEHZAD\ORCAD_EBOOKS\PPT FOR CLASS\EX_SENS\ex_tf\ex_tf-SCH

******************************************************************************

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE

( IN) 0.0000 ( OUT) 0.0000 (N00210) 0.0000 (N00442) 0.0000

(N00476) 0.0000

V_Vin 0.000E+00 X_F1.VF_F1 0.000E+00

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 0.00E+00 WATTS

**** SMALL-SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS

V(OUT)/V_Vin = -3.495E+01

INPUT RESISTANCE AT V_Vin = 9.499E+03

OUTPUT RESISTANCE AT V(OUT) = 9.839E+03

JOB CONCLUDED

TOTAL JOB TIME .02b_behnam@kiau.ac.irBJT SPICE MODEL

b_behnam@kiau.ac.irBJT SPICE MODEL Parameters

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

: orcad

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir1- bias point 0 25 100 . 25 .

2- .SENS .TF V(out) V(in) . . in .TF Dc . Rc , RE %5 .

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir:1

** Profile: "SCHEMATIC1-bias_point_temp" [ C:\DOCUMENTS AND SETTINGS\BEHZAD\DESKTOP\BEHZAD\ORCAD_EBOOKS\PPT FOR CLASS\ex_bjt_biaspo

**** CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION******************************************************************************** Creating circuit file "bias_bjt_temp-SCHEMATIC1-bias_point_temp.sim.cir" ** WARNING: THIS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED FILE MAY BE OVERWRITTEN BY SUBSEQUENT SIMULATIONS

*Analysis directives: .TEMP 0 25 100.SAVEBIAS "C:\Documents and Settings\behzad\Desktop\behzad\orcad_ebooks\ppt for class\ex_bjt_biaspoint_temp\TEMP_25" OP TEMP=25 .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) .INC ".\bias_bjt_temp-SCHEMATIC1.net" **** INCLUDING bias_bjt_temp-SCHEMATIC1.net ***** source BIAS_BJT_TEMPR_RE1 0 E 220 V_V1 VCC 0 10R_RC1 OUT VCC 1k R_RB1 IN VCC 47k Q_Q1 OUT IN E BC107A R_RB3 0 IN 10K **** RESUMING bias_bjt_temp-SCHEMATIC1-bias_point_temp.sim.cir ****.END

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir**** 10/20/09 17:04:07 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 0 ******** ** Profile: "SCHEMATIC1-bias_point_temp" [ C:\DOCUMENTS AND SETTINGS\BEHZAD\DESKTOP\BEHZAD\ORCAD_EBOOKS\PPT FOR CLASS\ex_bjt_biaspo **** BJT MODEL PARAMETERS****************************************************************************** BC107A NPN IS 7.049000E-15 BF 375.5 NF 1 VAF 116.3 IKF 4.589 ISE 7.049000E-15 NE 1.281 BR 2.611 NR 1 IKR 5.313 ISC 121.700000E-12 NC 1.865 RC 1.464 CJE 11.500000E-12 VJE .5 MJE .2717 CJC 5.380000E-12 VJC .6218 MJC .329 TF 451.000000E-12 XTF 17.43 VTF 10 ITF 6.194 TR 10.000000E-09 XTB 1.5 CN 2.42 D .87

**** TEMPERATURE-ADJUSTED VALUES TEMPERATURE = 0.000 DEG C

******************************************************************************

**** BJT MODEL PARAMETERS

BC107A

BF 3.260E+02 ISE 2.374E-16 VJE 5.690E-01 CJE 1.104E-11 RE 0.000E+00 RB 0.000E+00 BR 2.267E+00 ISC 1.239E-11 VJC 6.798E-01 CJC 5.196E-12 RC 1.464E+00 RBM 0.000E+00 IS 7.638E-17 ISS 0.000E+00 VJS 7.965E-01 CJS 0.000E+00 GAMMA 1.000E-11 RCO 0.000E+00 VO 1.000E+01 b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir**** 10/20/09 17:04:07 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 0 ********

******************************************************************************

NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE

( E) .8296 ( IN) 1.5706 ( OUT) 6.2516 ( VCC) 10.0000

V_V1 -3.928E-03

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 3.93E-02 WATTSb_behnam@kiau.ac.ir**** 10/20/09 17:04:07 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 0 ********

****************************************************************************** **** BJT MODEL PARAMETERS

BC107A

******************************************************************************

( E) .8816 ( IN) 1.5839 ( OUT) 6.0133 ( VCC) 10.0000

V_V1 -4.166E-03

TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 4.17E-02 WATTSb_behnam@kiau.ac.ir**** 10/20/09 17:04:07 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 0 ********

****************************************************************************** **** BJT MODEL PARAMETERS

BC107A

******************************************************************************

( E) 1.0303 ( IN) 1.6136 ( OUT) 5.3338 ( VCC) 10.0000

V_V1 -4.845E-03

JOB CONCLUDED

TOTAL JOB TIME .13

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir 25 TEMP_25 .

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir:2

1- 2- in V4=1.585 3- 5% Rc1 , RE1

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b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir*Libraries: * Local Libraries :.LIB ".\bjt_bias.lib" * From [PSPICE NETLIST] section of C:\Program Files\Orcad\PSpice\PSpice.ini file:.lib "nom.lib"

*Analysis directives: .OP.SENS v([OUT]) .TF v([OUT1]) V_V4.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) .INC ".\bjt_bias-SCHEMATIC1.net"

**** INCLUDING bjt_bias-SCHEMATIC1.net ***** source BJT_BIASQ_Q1 OUT IN E BC107A V_V3 N04757 0 10R_RE1 0 E 220 V_V1 VCC 0 10R_RE2 0 E2 231 R_RE3 0 E1 220 R_RC1 OUT VCC 1k Q_Q2 OUT2 IN2 E2 BC107A R_RC2 OUT2 VCC2 1.05k R_RB4 0 IN2 10K R_RB1 IN VCC 47k V_V4 IN1 0 1.585vV_V2 VCC2 0 10R_RC3 OUT1 N04757 1k R_RB3 0 IN 10K Q_Q3 OUT1 IN1 E1 BC107A R_RB2 IN2 VCC2 47k

**** RESUMING bjt_bias-schematic1-bjt_bias.sim.cir ****.ENDb_behnam@kiau.ac.ir **** BJT MODEL PARAMETERS

****************************************************************************** BC107A NPN IS 7.049000E-15 BF 375.5 NF 1 VAF 116.3 IKF 4.589 ISE 7.049000E-15 NE 1.281 BR 2.611 NR 1 IKR 5.313 ISC 121.700000E-12 NC 1.865 RC 1.464 CJE 11.500000E-12 VJE .5 MJE .2717 CJC 5.380000E-12 VJC .6218 MJC .329 TF 451.000000E-12 XTF 17.43 VTF 10 ITF 6.194 TR 10.000000E-09 XTB 1.5 CN 2.42 D .87 b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir **** SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C****************************************************************************** NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE

( E) .8857 ( E1) .8859 ( E2) .8928 ( IN) 1.5848

( IN1) 1.5850 ( IN2) 1.5908 ( OUT) 5.9945 ( VCC) 10.0000

( OUT1) 5.9938 ( OUT2) 5.9627 ( VCC2) 10.0000 (N04757) 10.0000

V_V3 -4.006E-03 V_V1 -4.185E-03 V_V4 -2.057E-05 V_V2 -4.024E-03

**** 10/20/09 18:10:44 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 0 ********

** Profile: "SCHEMATIC1-bjt_bias" [ C:\Documents and Settings\behzad\Desktop\behzad\orcad_ebooks\ppt for class\ex_2\bjt_bias-schema

**** OPERATING POINT INFORMATION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

******************************************************************************b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir**** BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS

NAME Q_Q1 Q_Q2 Q_Q3 MODEL BC107A BC107A BC107A IB 2.06E-05 1.98E-05 2.06E-05 IC 4.01E-03 3.85E-03 4.01E-03 VBE 6.99E-01 6.98E-01 6.99E-01 VBC -4.41E+00 -4.37E+00 -4.41E+00 VCE 5.11E+00 5.07E+00 5.11E+00 BETADC 1.95E+02 1.94E+02 1.95E+02 GM 1.55E-01 1.49E-01 1.55E-01 RPI 1.41E+03 1.47E+03 1.41E+03 RX 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 RO 3.01E+04 3.14E+04 3.01E+04 CBE 9.04E-11 8.76E-11 9.05E-11 CBC 2.71E-12 2.71E-12 2.71E-12 CJS 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 BETAAC 2.19E+02 2.18E+02 2.19E+02 CBX/CBX2 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 FT/FT2 2.64E+08 2.62E+08 2.64E+08

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir**** SMALL-SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS

V(OUT1)/V_V4 = -4.390E+00

INPUT RESISTANCE AT V_V4 = 4.784E+04

OUTPUT RESISTANCE AT V(OUT1) = 9.989E+02

**** 10/20/09 18:10:44 ********* PSpice 9.2 (Mar 2000) ******** ID# 0 ********

** Profile: "SCHEMATIC1-bjt_bias" [ C:\Documents and Settings\behzad\Desktop\behzad\orcad_ebooks\ppt for class\ex_2\bjt_bias-schema

**** DC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C

******************************************************************************

DC SENSITIVITIES OF OUTPUT V(OUT) ELEMENT ELEMENT ELEMENT NORMALIZED NAME VALUE SENSITIVITY SENSITIVITY (VOLTS/UNIT) VOLTS/PERCENT) R_RE1 2.200E+02 1.510E-02 3.322E-02 R_RE2 2.310E+02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 R_RE3 2.200E+02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 R_RC1 1.000E+03 -3.983E-03 -3.983E-02 R_RC2 1.050E+03 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 R_RB4 1.000E+04 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 R_RB1 4.700E+04 1.176E-04 5.529E-02 R_RC3 1.000E+03 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 R_RB3 1.000E+04 -4.894E-04 -4.894E-02 R_RB2 4.700E+04 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 V_V3 1.000E+01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 V_V1 1.000E+01 3.374E-01 3.374E-02 V_V4 1.585E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 V_V2 1.000E+01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00

b_behnam@kiau.ac.irQ_Q1 RB 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 RC 1.464E+00 2.250E-05 3.294E-07 RE 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 BF 3.755E+02 -8.685E-04 -3.261E-03 ISE 7.049E-15 4.622E+13 3.258E-03 BR 2.611E+00 3.296E-11 8.605E-13 ISC 1.217E-10 -3.187E+04 -3.879E-08 IS 7.049E-15 -4.984E+13 -3.513E-03 NE 1.281E+00 -5.367E+00 -6.875E-02 NC 1.865E+00 2.080E-06 3.879E-08 IKF 4.589E+00 -1.241E-04 -5.693E-06 IKR 5.313E+00 1.689E-16 8.973E-18 VAF 1.163E+02 2.127E-04 2.474E-04 VAR 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00Q_Q2 RB 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 RC 1.464E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 RE 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 BF 3.755E+02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 ISE 7.049E-15 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 BR 2.611E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 ISC 1.217E-10 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 IS 7.049E-15 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 NE 1.281E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 NC 1.865E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 IKF 4.589E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 IKR 5.313E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 VAF 1.163E+02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 VAR 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00b_behnam@kiau.ac.irQ_Q3 RB 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 RC 1.464E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 RE 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 BF 3.755E+02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 ISE 7.049E-15 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 BR 2.611E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 ISC 1.217E-10 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 IS 7.049E-15 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 NE 1.281E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 NC 1.865E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 IKF 4.589E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 IKR 5.313E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 VAF 1.163E+02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 VAR 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00

JOB CONCLUDED

TOTAL JOB TIME .05b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir1- 2n2222 . . .

VC(dc)Vb(dc)VE(dc)Rin(b)Ro(c)Ro(e)

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

.b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir*Analysis directives: .OP.SENS v([C]) v([E]) .TF v([C]) V_V1.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) .INC ".\sim_1-SCHEMATIC1.net" **** INCLUDING sim_1-SCHEMATIC1.net ***** source SIM_1Q_Q1 C B E Q2N2222R_RC C VCC 4.7k R_RE 0 E 3.3k V_V1 B 0 4vV_V2 VCC 0 10v

**** RESUMING sim_1-SCHEMATIC1-biaspoint.sim.cir ****.END **** SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG C****************************************************************************** NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE

( B) 4.0000 ( C) 5.2543 ( E) 3.3543 ( VCC) 10.0000 VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS NAME CURRENT V_V1 -6.724E-06 =IB(Q) V_V2 -1.010E-03=IC(Q) TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.01E-02 WATTSVC(dc)Vb(dc)VE(dc) 5.25434.00003.35435.3v4v3.3vBias pointAnalaysis b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir**** BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORSNAME Q_Q1 MODEL Q2N2222 IB 6.72E-06 IC 1.01E-03 =IC(Q)VBE 6.46E-01 VBC -1.25E+00 VCE 1.90E+00=VCE(Q) BETADC 1.50E+02 GM 3.89E-02 RPI 4.27E+03 RX 1.00E+01 RO 7.46E+04 CBE 5.24E-11 CBC 5.22E-12 CJS 0.00E+00 BETAAC 1.66E+02 CBX/CBX2 0.00E+00 FT/FT2 1.08E+08

CBE= 52.4Pf CBC =5.22Pf GM =38.9mA/V RO=74.6K(ohm) RPI=4.27K(ohm) RX =10(ohm) .op Analysis

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir **** SMALL-SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS

V(C)/V_V1 = -1.403E+00

INPUT RESISTANCE AT V_V1 = 5.022E+05

OUTPUT RESISTANCE AT V(C) = 4.696E+03

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir -1.403E+00

9.915E-01 -1.4020.992

DC SENSITIVITIES OF OUTPUT V(C)

R_RC 4.700E+03 -1.009E-03 -4.742E-02 R_RE 3.300E+03 1.427E-03 4.708E-02 V_V1 4.000E+00 -1.403E+00 -5.611E-02 V_V2 1.000E+01 9.991E-01 9.991E-02

DC SENSITIVITIES OF OUTPUT V(E)

R_RC 4.700E+03 -3.439E-07 -1.616E-05 R_RE 3.300E+03 8.314E-06 2.744E-04 V_V1 4.000E+00 9.915E-01 3.966E-02 V_V2 1.000E+01 3.406E-04 3.406E-05b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir2- 2n2222 . . .

VC(dc)Vb(dc)VE(dc)Rin(b)Ro(c)Ro(e)

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir3- ) Is=1nA 10 .) 5 .

VD1VD2ID1ID2

n=2b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir4- 2n2222 . 0 25 100 . 25 50% IC(Q) VCE(dc) .( .sens )VC(dc)VB(dc)VE(dc)IC(Q)IB(Q)IE(Q)

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir*Analysis directives: .OP.SENS i(V_IC1) v([C1]) v(R_R2) v([X]) v([X]) v([[x],[c1]]) .TEMP 25.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*).INC ".\bjt_beta-SCHEMATIC1.net

****************************************************************************** NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE

( X) 10.0000 ( B1) 3.7019 ( B2) 3.6177 ( C1) 6.6636

( C2) 6.7669 ( E1) 3.0531 ( E2) 2.9697 ( VCC) 10.0000

(N00884) 0.0000 (N00959) 0.0000 (N03019) 0.0000 (N03095) 0.0000

(N05033) 10.0000

V_V1 -2.195E-03 V_IC1 1.011E-03 V_V2 0.000E+00 V_IC2 9.797E-04 V_V3 0.000E+00

VC(dc)VB(dc)VE(dc)IC(Q)Hfe6.66363.70193.05311.01mAHfe/26.7669 3.61772.96970.979mA

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir5-) Is1=Is2=15nA Is4=40nA Is3=20nA .

VD1VD2ID1ID2 n=2

VD3VD4ID3ID4 b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir6-

2n2222 . . IC = 0.5 mA .

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

b_behnam@kiau.ac.irDC SweepDC Sweep biaspoint AC . (sweep) .

.DCDC transfer characteristic.b_behnam@kiau.ac.irSource: name of an independent voltage or current source. During thesweep, the sources voltage or current is set to the sweep value..DC VIN 5V 10V 0.25Vsweeps the voltage VIN linearly.

Model parameter: model name type and model name followed by a modelparameter name in parentheses. The parameter in the model is set to thesweep value. The model parameters L and W for a MOS device and anytemperature parameters such as TC1 and TC2 for the resistor cannot beswept..DC DEC NPN QM(IS) 1E18 1E14 10sweeps with a decade increment the parameter IS of the NPN transistor.

Temperature: keyword TEMP followed by the keyword LIST. The temperatureis set to the sweep value. For each value of sweep, the modelparameters of all circuit components are updated to that temperature..DC TEMP LIST 0 50 80 100 150sweeps the temperature TEMP as listed values.

Global parameter: keyword PARAM followed by parameter name. Theparameter is set to sweep. During the sweep, the global parametersvalue is set to the sweep value and all expressions are evaluated..DC PARAM Vsupply 15V 15V 0.5Vsweeps the parameter PARAM Vsupply linearly.

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

*Analysis directives: .DC LIN V_V1 -1 1 .01 .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) .INC ".\d_sw-SCHEMATIC1.net" b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

(x) PRIMERY SWEEP (v1) (Y) probe marker b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

7- : DC Sweep . V3 10- 10+ step 1/100 .b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

8- : DC Sweep 1- ( 0 25 100)2- 3- DC .4- .5- .6- .7- DC .( 0 100)8- .9- IS Q2 0.5 1.5 typecal 100step .10 DC

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

1- ( 0 25 100) bias point

8- .b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir1- ( 0 25 100)4- . dc sweep

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

b_behnam@kiau.ac.irGain=d(V(out))/d(V3)=(2.1595+2.0952)/(20mV)=212.735

.TEMP (temperature)The .TEMP command sets the temperature at which all analyses are done.b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir2- dc sweep

Nested DC sweepsA second sweep variableouter loopThat is, for every increment of the second sweep variable, the first sweep variable is stepped through its entire range of values.

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

2- .b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir Hierarchical block

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

Implementation name Hierarchical Implementation name .reference Hierarchical reference .b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

RIGHT CLICK

INPUT AND OUTPUT PORTb_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

reference . b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

GLOBAL Vin2=Vin1+1mv dVin= d_in=1mvVout2-Vout1= d_outout_gain=d_out/d_inout_gain=1000 * d_out

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

501 * 3 = 1503 .b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

(x) PRIMERY SWEEP (v3) 3 Temp sweep b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

3- DC . dc sweep

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir9- IS Q2 1f 10f 1f step ST 0 1 . . ( Is=7.049f )

secondary sweep Is ( BJT) BC107A_IS 1f 10f step 1f .b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

: ST Is offset . secondary sweep primary sweep secondary sweep . 10* 11=110 .b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

9- : 1n4001 ) 3 0 25 100 .) 2 10 Is b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

dc sweep sweep v1 primary sweep x V1 201 DC text

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

sweep secondary sweep

D1N4001 D () Is Is=14nIs*2=14n*2=28nIs*10=14n*10=140n

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

Temp sweep T=0 25 -100 C

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

Temp sweepsec sweepprim sweep 3 Temp sweep b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

(x) PRIMERY SWEEP (v1)

3 Temp sweep sec sweep Is Is

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

Primary sweepsecondary sweeptemp sweep

Is=14nIs=28n

Is=140n

all of data analyses For T=0 Deg C secondary sweep Primary sweep output file b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir step 0 25 secondary sweep Primary sweep .

step 25 100 secondary sweep Primary sweep .

201 * 3 * 3 = 1809 3 603 .Primary sweep(V1)Secondary sweep(Is)temp sweepb_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

BV=75v

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

.b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir10- : 2n2222 ) 3 0 25 100 .) 2 10 Is

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir11- : ) ) 0 25 100 .) VOL_voltag_main max min step 0.01 .) VOL_current max min step 0.01 .) R_LOAD 1m 20 step 1m

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir 0 25 100 : primary sweep sweep .

0 25 100 primary sweep x b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

(x) PRIMERY SWEEP (T)

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

Output file data

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir) VOL_voltag_main max min step 0.01 .: primary sweep sweep VOL_voltag_main .

global primary sweep x b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

(x) PRIMERY SWEEP (Set_v_v_m)

(y) probe(V(out)): (x) (y) probe (V(out)) b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir (x)

(x) b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

xb_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

(x) VOL_voltag_main max min step 0.01 ( ) . . VOL_current 0.5 b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir) VOL_current max min step 0.01 .: primary sweep sweep VOL_current .

(y) probe(V(out))

: (x) (y) probe (V(out)) (x) PRIMERY SWEEP (cur_tune) b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

(x) (y) probe(V(out)) VOL_voltag_main 0.5 b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir) R_LOAD 1m 20 step 1m : primary sweep sweep R_LOAD .

(x) PRIMERY SWEEP (R_load=r_par) (y) probe(V(out)) : (x) (y) probe (V(out)) b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

V(out)=8.201 I(out)=972.5mA (x) VOL_current ,VOL_voltag_main 0.5 b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir12- : 11 ) R_LOAD 1m 20 step 1m Is Q1 2 10 Q1 , Q2 R_LOAD ( .) 1) secondary sweep & model parameter2) Parametric sweep & model parameter Is Q1 2 10 . Is .) Q1 , Q2 R_LOAD . .

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

1) secondary sweep & model parameter

(x) PRIMERY SWEEP (R_load=r_par)

Is=974 f 2*Is=1948f 10*Is=9744fb_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

IE1IE2IS2=974f=cteIs1=974 f10*Is=9744f 2*Is=1948fR_bal_cur1= R_bal_cur2=0.2 225mA b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

Is1=974 f 2*Is=1948f10*Is=9744fPQ1IS2=974f=ctePQ2R_bal_cur1= R_bal_cur2=0.2 4W b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir R_bal_cur1= R_bal_cur2 .

R_bal_cur1= R_bal_cur2=1 56mA b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

R_bal_cur1= R_bal_cur2=1 1W b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir2) Parametric sweep & model parameter primarySweep Is=974f Parametric sweep Is . Is=974f .

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

Is1=974 fR_bal_cur1= R_bal_cur2=1 . .b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir

PinPd=Pin-PoutPoutR_bal_cur1= R_bal_cur2=1Is1=Is2=974 f probe

b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir = Pout / Pin

= Pout / Pin =40% b_behnam@kiau.ac.ir: : (V1) DC primary sweep probe x Y

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